Assignment-3

Separation Process-1

Complex Engineering Problems

Submitted by:
Ahmad Hassan

Registration number:
2019-CH-46

Submitted To:
Dr. Azam Saeed
 Complex Engineering Problems
Consider a system for which you have been given the ternary diagram. Acetone (A=
solute), MIK (S= solvent (100% pure)), Water (C = carrier). The feed flow-rate and
compositions are used against my registration number from the attached appendix
Assigned Values
Feed Flow rate= 210 kg/h
Percentage Composition of Acetone = 21%
Percentage Composition of Water = 79%
Question no. 1

1. Calculate the flow and composition of the extract and raffinate from:
 1st cross-current stage, using a pure solvent flow of 50 kg/hr.
 2nd cross-current stage, with an additional solvent flow of 50 kg/hr.

Cross-Flow

Solution

Mass of Acetone = 0.21 × 210= 44.1kg

Mass of Water = 0.79 × 210=165.9kg
Mass of Solvent = 1 × 50 = 50 kg
Mass of Mixture = (44.1+165.9+50) kg = 260kg
Composition of Mixture
44.1
Composition of Acetone = = 0.169
260
165.9
Composition of Water = = 0.638
260
50
Composition of Solvent = = 0.192
260

E1
M
R11
111

From ternary diagram:

COMPOSITION
Raffinate Extract

Composition of Water = 0.74 Composition of Water =0.02

Composition of Solvent = 0.07 Composition of Solvent = 0.77
Composition of Acetone = 0.19 Composition of Acetone =0.25

Energy Balance:
Overall Energy Balance
R+E=S+F
R + E = 255 + 50
R + E = 260 kg/s -------------- eq (1)
Solvent Energy balance
0.07 R + 0.77 E = 1(50) + 0 (F)
0.07 R + 0.77 E = 50 ---------------- eq (2)
Multiplying equation (1) with 0.77
0.77 R + 0.77 E = 200.2--------- eq (3)
Subtracting eq (3) and eq (2)
0.70 R = 150.2
R= 214.5 kg/s
Substituting the value in eq (1)
214.5+ E = 260
E= 45.4 kg/s

Part-2

2nd cross-current stage, with an additional solvent flow of 50 kg/hr.

Feed = R = 214.5kg/s
Composition of Water = 0.88
Composition of Solvent = 0.07
Composition of Acetone = 0.19
Solvent= 50 kg/s
Mass of Acetone = 0.19 * 214.5 = 40.75kg
Mass of Water = 0.88 * 214.5 = 188.76kg
Mass of Solvent = 0.07 * 214.5 = 15.015kg
Mass of Additional solvent = 50 kg
Total Solvent = 50+ 15.015 = 65kg
Mass of mixture = 40.75 + 188.76 + 65 = 294.5 kg
Composition of mixture
40.75
Composition of Acetone = = 0.13
294.5
188.76
Composition of Water = = 0.64
294.5
65
Composition of Solvent = = 0.22
294.5

E1
E2 M1
M2 R11
111
R2

From the ternary diagrams

COMPOSITION
Raffinate Extract

Composition of Water = 0.85 Composition of Water = 0.03

Composition of Solvent = 0.04 Composition of Solvent = 0.82
 Composition of Acetone = 0.11 Composition of Acetone = 0.15

Energy Balance:
Overall Energy Balance
R2 + E2 = S + R1
R2 + E2 = 50 + 214.5
R2 + E2 = 264.5kg/s -------------- eq (1)
Solvent Energy balance
0.04 R2 + 0.82 E2 = 1(50) + 0.07 (214.5)
0.04 R2 + 0.82 E2 = 65.0 ---------------- eq (2)
Multiplying equation 1 with 0.82
0.82 R2 + 0.82 E2 = 216.89 kg/s -------------- eq (3)
Subtracting eq (3) and eq (2)
0.78 R2 = 151.89
R2 = 194.73 kg/s
Substituting the value in eq (1)
194.73 + E2 = 264.5
E2 = 69.77 kg/s

Question no. 2
For the overall 2-stage cross-current system, find the:
 overall recovery
 overall concentration of combined extract streams

Overall Recovery

( x R) (R )
Recovery = fraction of solute recovered =1− ( x
F ) (F )

Stage-1 Stage-2
 ( 0.1 9 ) ( 214.5 ) ( 0.1 1 )( 194.73 )
Recovery= 1− Recovery= 1−
( 0.21 ) ( 210 ) ( 0.1 9 ) ( 214.5 )
Recovery= 0.075 Recovery = 0.474

Overall Recovery = 0.075 + 0.474

Overall recovery = 0.549
Overall Concentration of Combined Extract Steams
Formula of overall concentration of Combined Extract

Overall Recovery
Concentration = ×100
Overall Extract

Overall Extract = E1 + E2

Overall Extract = 45.4 + 69.77

Overall Extract = 115.17

0.549
Concentration = ×100
115.17

Concentration = 0.476

Question no. 3
The objective now is to have a counter-current system so the raffinate leaving in the Nth stage, RN
has yR = 0.025
Show the construction on the ternary diagram for the number of equilibrium stages to achieve
yRN = 0.025, given a solvent flow of 28 kg/hr.

Counter-Current Flow
Calculation
Feed Flow rate= 210 kg/h
Percentage Composition of Acetone = 21%
Percentage Composition of Water = 79%
Flow Rate of Solvent = 28 kg/h
Mass of Acetone = 0.21 × 210 = 44.1 kg
Mass of Water = 0.79 × 210 = 165.9 kg
Mass of Solvent = 1 × 28 = 28 kg
Mass of Mixture = (44.1 + 165.9 + 28) kg = 238 kg
Composition of Mixture
44.1
Composition of Acetone = = 0.185
238
165.9
Composition of Water = = 0.697
238
28
Composition of Solvent = = 0.117
238

E1

M F

RN P

Conclusion
The system is solvable means extraction is possible with a finite number of stages. No more
stages can be formed.
Calculation
Overall Energy Balance
F + S = E1 + R n
E1 + Rn = 210+28
E1 + Rn = 238-------------- eq (1)
Solvent Energy Balance
0.53 E1 + 0.04 Rn = 0 +28
0.53 E1 + 0.04 Rn = 28-------------- eq (2)
Multiply eq (1) with 0.53
0.53 E1 + 0.53 Rn = 126.14 ------------- eq (3)
Subtract eq (3) and eq (2)
0.49 Rn = 98.14
Rn = 200.28 kg/hr
Putting the values in eq (1)
200.28 + E1 = 238
E1 = 37.2 kg/hr

Question no. 4
Calculate the overall recovery and concentration of the extract stream.

Overall Recovery
( x R) (R )
Recovery = fraction of solute recovered =1−
( xF ) ( F )
( 0.0 4 )( 2 00.28 )
Recovery = 1-
( 0. 21 )( 238 )

Recovery = 0.839

Overall Concentration of Extract Steams

Overall Recovery
Concentration =
Overall Extract
 0. 839
Concentration =
37.2

Concentration = 0.022

Result:
The one reason is for the efficient system is that the flow rate of solvent is very small.
The number of equilibrium stages can be efficiently calculated by the system according to the
given data.