GROUP 9

ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE
REQUIREMENT 1F-GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
1. CONSIDER FIGURE FTR 1(TAKEN FROM GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER-ING
DESIGN, MING XIAO, STRICTLY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES) SHOWN. IF
THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE SOILS ARE RESPECTIVELY FROM TOP TO
BOTTOM 2.6, 2.7 AND 2.73, ESTIMATE THE EFFECTIVE STRESSES AT THE MID
THICKNESS OF EACH LAYER.

FOR EFFECTIVE STRESS COMPUTATIONS

𝜎′𝑧1 = 𝛾𝑠1𝑑 (1) + (𝛾𝑠1𝑑 − 𝛾𝑤 )(0.5)
2.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑠1𝑑 = (9.81) = 17.004
1+0.5 𝑚3

2.6(1)(0.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑠1𝑠 = (9.81) = 20.274
1+0.5 𝑚3

2.7(1)(0.48) 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑠2𝑠 = (9.81) = 21.0782
1+0.48 𝑚3

2.73(1)(0.45) 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑠3𝑠 = (9.81) = 21.514
1+0.45 𝑚3

𝜎′𝑧1 = 17.004(1) + (20.274 − 9.81)(0.5) = 22.236 kPa

𝜎′𝑧2 = 17.004(1) + (20.274)(1) + 21.0782(1) − 9.81(2) = 38.7362𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝜎′𝑧3 = 17.004(1) + (20.274)(1) + 21.0782(12) − 21.51(3) − 9.81(6) = 85.1164𝑘𝑃𝑎

GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE
2.STILL CONSIDERING FIGURE FTR 1, ESTIMATE THE ADDITIONAL STRESSES
INDUCED BY THE FOOTING ON THE MID THICKNESS OF EACH LAYER USING BOTH 2-
1 APPROXIMATION AND GRAPHICAL METHOD AS PROPOSED BY BOUSSINESQ .

A. 2-1 APPROXIMATION

𝑄
∆𝜎′𝑧1 =
(𝐿 + 𝑧)(𝐵 + 𝑧)
900𝑘𝑁
∆𝜎′𝑧1 = (3+0.5)(2+0.5)= 102.8571kPa

900𝑘𝑁
∆𝜎′𝑧2 = = 45𝑘𝑃𝑎
(3 + 2)(2 + 2)
900𝑘𝑁
∆𝜎′𝑧3 = = 12.5𝑘𝑃𝑎
(3 + 6)(2 + 6)
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE

B. GRAPHICAL METHOD

𝐼𝑍 = 0.25

∆𝜎′𝑧1 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧
𝐵 2
𝑚= = =4
𝑧 0.5
𝐿 3
𝑛= = =6
𝑧 0.5
900
∆𝜎′𝑧1 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧 = (0.25) [ ] = 37.5 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3(2)
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE

𝐼𝑍 = 0.205
0.195

∆𝜎′𝑧2 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧
𝐵 2
𝑚= = =1
𝑧 2
𝐿 3
𝑛 = = = 1.5
𝑧 2
900
∆𝜎′𝑧2 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧 = (0.205) [ ] = 30.75 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3(2)
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE

1 UNIT WEIGHT COMPUTATION

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒
𝛾= (𝛾𝑤 )
1+𝑒

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 0(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝐷𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 13.427 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 0.55(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝐶𝑍𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 16.097 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚 𝐼𝑍 = 0.055
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 1(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 18.282 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.74 + 1(0.93) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝑆𝐴𝑁𝐷 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 18.654 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.93 𝑚 𝑚

∆𝜎′𝑧3 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧
𝐵 2
𝑚= = = 0.3333
𝑧 6
𝐿 3
𝑛 = = = 0.5
𝑧 6
900
∆𝜎′𝑧3 = 𝐼𝑍 𝑞𝑧 = (0.055) [ ] = 8.25 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3(2)
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE

1 UNIT WEIGHT COMPUTATION

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒
𝛾= (𝛾𝑤 )
1+𝑒

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 0(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝐷𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 13.427 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 0.55(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝐶𝑍𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 16.097 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.71 + 1(0.98) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 18.282 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.98 𝑚 𝑚
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆𝑒 2.74 + 1(0.93) 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝑆𝐴𝑁𝐷 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (9.81 3 ) = 18.654 3
1+𝑒 1 + 0.93 𝑚 𝑚

2. HEIGHT OF THE CAPILLARY ZONE

𝐶 25 𝑚𝑚2
𝐻𝐶𝑍 = = = 2040.816 𝑚𝑚 = 2.041 𝑚
𝑒𝐷 10 0.98(0.0125 𝑚𝑚)

3. TOTAL STRESS COMPUTATION

𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐴 = 𝑌𝐷𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 (𝐻𝐷𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 ) = 13.427 (3𝑚 − 2.041 𝑚) = 12.876 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐵 = 𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐴 + 𝑌𝐶𝑍𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 (𝐻𝐶𝑍𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 ) = 12.876 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 16.097 (2.041 𝑚) = 45.730 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐶 = 𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐵 + 𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 (𝐻𝑆𝐴𝑇𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 ) = 45.730 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 18.282 (2 𝑚) = 82.294 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐷 = 𝜎𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐶 + 𝑌𝑆𝐴𝑇𝑆𝐴𝑁𝐷 (𝐻𝑆𝐴𝑇𝑆𝐴𝑁𝐷 ) = 82.294 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 18.654 (4 𝑚) = 156.91 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
4. PORE WATER PRESSURE
𝑘𝑁
𝑢𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐴 , 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 = 𝑌𝑤 ℎ = 9.81 (0 𝑚) = 0 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑢𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐴 , 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 = −𝑆𝑌𝑤 ℎ = (0.55) (9.81 ) (2.041 𝑚 ) = −11.012 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑢𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐵 = 𝑌𝑤 ℎ = (9.81 ) (0 𝑚 ) = 0 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑢𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐶 = 𝑌𝑤 ℎ = (9.81 ) (2 𝑚 ) = 19.62 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
GROUP 9
ALILING, SHEILA L.
CALUTEN, JERALDINE
𝑘𝑁
𝑢𝑃𝑂𝐿 𝐷 = 𝑌𝑤 ℎ = (9.81 ) (6 𝑚 ) = 58.86 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3

5. EFFECTIVE STRESS COMPUTATION

𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜎 , = 𝜎 − 𝑢

,
𝜎𝑃𝑜𝑙𝐴 , 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 = 12.876 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 12.876 𝑘𝑃𝑎
,
𝜎𝑃𝑜𝑙𝐴 , 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 12.876 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − (−11.012 𝑘𝑃𝑎) = 23.888 𝑘𝑃𝑎
,
𝜎𝑃𝑜𝑙𝐵 = 45.730 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 45.730 𝑘𝑃𝑎
,
𝜎𝑃𝑜𝑙𝐶 = 82.294 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 19.62 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 62.675 𝑘𝑃𝑎
,
𝜎𝑃𝑜𝑙𝐷 = 156.91 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 58.86 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 98.05 𝑘𝑃𝑎