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Treasury

 bills  
 
Treasury  bills  are  among  the  safest  investments  in  the  market.  They're  backed  
by  the  full  faith  and  credit  of  the  U.S.  government,  and  they  come  in  maturities  
ranging  from  four  weeks  to  one  year.  When  buying  Treasury  bills,  you'll  find  that  
quotes  are  typically  given  in  terms  of  their  discount,  so  you'll  need  to  calculate  
the  actual  price.  
 
Getting  the  price  from  the  interest  rate  
 
To  calculate  the  price,  you  need  to  know  the  number  of  days  until  maturity  and  
the  prevailing  interest  rate.  Take  the  number  of  days  until  the  Treasury  bill  
matures,  and  multiply  it  by  the  interest  rate  in  percent.  Take  the  result  and  
divide  it  by  360,  as  the  Treasury  uses  interest-­‐rate  assumptions  using  the  
common  accounting  standard  of  360-­‐day  years.  
Then,  subtract  the  resulting  number  from  100.  That  will  give  you  the  price  of  a  
Treasury  bill  with  a  face  value  of  $100.  If  you  want  to  invest  more,  then  you  can  
adjust  the  figure  accordingly.  
As  a  simple  example,  say  you  want  to  buy  a  $1,000  Treasury  bill  with  180  days  to  
maturity,  yielding  1.5%.  To  calculate  the  price,  take  180  days  and  multiply  by  1.5  
to  get  270.  Then,  divide  by  360  to  get  0.75,  and  subtract  100  minus  0.75.  The  
answer  is  99.25.  Because  you're  buying  a  $1,000  Treasury  bill  instead  of  one  for  
$100,  multiply  99.25  by  10  to  get  the  final  price  of  $992.50.  
Keep  in  mind  that  the  Treasury  doesn't  make  separate  interest  payments  on  
Treasury  bills.  Instead,  the  discounted  price  accounts  for  the  interest  that  you'll  
earn.  For  instance,  in  the  preceding  example,  you'll  receive  $1,000  at  the  end  of  
the  180-­‐day  period.  Because  you  only  paid  $992.50,  the  remaining  $7.50  
represents  the  interest  on  your  investment  over  that  time  frame.  
 
 
Discount  yield  is  calculated  as  and  the  formula  uses  a  30-­‐day  month  and  360-­‐day  
year  to  simplify  the  calculation.  

 
Discount  Yield      =        Par  value  –  purchase  value            X                              360  
 
                                                                                               Par  value                                                                        Days  to  maturity  
 
 
1) Assume,  for  example,  that  an  investor  purchases  a  $10,000  Treasury  bill  
at  a  $300  discount  from  par  value  (a  price  of  $9,700),  and  that  the  
security  matures  in  120  days.  In  this  case,  the  discount  yield  is  ($300  
discount)[/$10,000  par  value]  *  360/120  days  to  maturity,  or  a  9%  
dividend  yield.  
 
2) For  example,  a  26-­‐week  T-­‐bill  is  priced  at  $9,800  on  issuance  to  pay  
$10,000  in  six  months.  No  interest  payments  are  made.  The  investment  
return  comes  from  the  difference  between  the  discounted  value  originally  
paid  and  the  amount  received  back  at  maturity,  or  $200  ($10,000  -­‐  
$9,800).  In  this  case,  the  T-­‐bill  pays  a  2.04%  interest  rate  ($200  /  $9,800  
=  2.04%)  for  the  six-­‐month  period.  In  other  words,  you  would  pay  $9,800  
for  the  T-­‐Bill  and  get  $10,000  back  ($9,800  principal  +  $200  interest)  in  
six  months.  
 

3) Let's  say  you  want  to  buy  a  one-­‐month  (aka  28-­‐day  or  4-­‐week),  $1,000  T-­‐
bill  with  an  annualized  interest  rate  of  2.098%.  We  can  figure  it  like  this:  

$1,000  x  0.02098  =  $20.98  interest  paid  per  year  

Of  course,  since  it's  just  a  one  month  T-­‐bill,  we'd  take  that  annual  amount  
and  divide  by  12:  

=  $20.98  /  12  months  =  $1.75  interest  in  one  month  for  $1,000  invested  

However,  rather  than  receiving  interest  on  your  investment,  you  would  
simply  buy  the  T-­‐bill  at  a  discounted  price  of  $998.25  ($1,000  -­‐  $1.75  
interest)  and  redeem  the  bill  at  the  end  of  the  one-­‐month  maturity  term  
for  the  full  $1,000.  

4)  
5)  
 
 

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