Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[40 markah]
i) .....................................................................................................
ii) .....................................................................................................
iii) .....................................................................................................
i) ........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
ii) ......................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
1
(c) Huraikan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi luluhawa kimia. [4]
i) ......................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
ii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
i) ......................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
ii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
2
Jawab sama ada soalan 2 atau soalan 3. Jika anda memilih soalan 3, jawab sama ada soalan
3(a) atau soalan 3(b) sahaja. Tulis jawapan pada helaian jawapan yang disediakan.
Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian jawapan yang baru.
2.(a) Jelaskan bagaimana susun lapis Hutan Hujan Tropika dipengaruhi oleh bahangan matahari
[12]
(b) Bincangkan proses fizikal yang berlaku di permukaan bumi akibat penerimaan tenaga
suria. [13]
(aii) Nilaikan aktiviti manusia yang boleh dijalankan di kawasan bentuk muka bumi
gelinciran [13]
ATAU
3(bi) Bincangkan enam faktor fizikal yang mempengaruhi hakisan tebing sungai. [13]
(bii) Jelaskan langkah-langkah bagi mengatasi masalah hakisan tebing sungai di Malaysia.
[12]
3
Bahagian B: Alam sekitar manusia
[40 markah]
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Jelaskan tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan jangka hayat penduduk di Malaysia.
[6]
i) ......................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
ii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
iii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
4
(c) Terangkan tiga kesan proses penuaan penduduk terhadap pembangunan sosioekonomi di
Malaysia. [6]
i) ......................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
ii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
iii) .....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
Jawab samada soalan 5 atau soalan 6. Tulis jawapan pada helaian jawapan yang disediakan.
Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian jawapan yang baru.
5 (a) Bincangkan kesan penerokaan hutan secara berlebihan terhadap alam sekitar fizikal. [13]
(b) Huraikan langkah yang sesuai bagi menjamin kelestarian sumber hutan. [12]
6 (a) Jelaskan faktor sosioekonomi yang mempengaruhi kemasukan warga asing ke Malaysia.
[10]
SKEMA JAWAPAN
1. (a) Nyatakan tiga proses luluhawa fizikal.
Mana-mana 3 isi x 1m = 3m
2
B3 Pengkarbonan -Air hujan menyerap karbon dioksida di udara menjadi 2
asid karbonik lemah yang bertindak terhadap batu
kapur dengan melarutkan mineral yang mengandungi
sodium, potasium, kalsium, dan magnesium.
Huraian:
Jika Proses sahaja = 1m
Jika Contoh sahaja = 0m
Jika Proses + Contoh = 1m
3
(c) Huraikan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi luluhawa kimia
4
(d) Jelaskan dua kesan luluhawa terhadap aktiviti pertanian di Malaysia.
5
2.(a) Jelaskan bagaimana susun lapis Hutan Hujan Tropika dipengaruhi oleh bahangan
matahari
Kod Fakta Ciri tenaga suria Ciri /jenis tumbuhan dan haiwan Markah
(susun lapis)
A1 Atas / -Tenaga suria /Bahangan -Pokok tinggi-tinggi dan lurus 3
Emergen / suria/ Pancaran suria yang -Pokok rapat-rapat
Renjong sangat banyak -Pokok berakar banir
-Silara lebar berbentuk payung
-Suhu yang sangat tinggi -Contoh flora : cengal, meranti,
tualang, merbau, nyatuh, kapur &
seraya.
-Contoh fauna : lebah dan
pelbagai jenis burung.
A2 Kanopi -Tenaga suria /Bahangan -Pokok-pokok tumbuh dengan 3
suria/ Pancaran suria yang padat, rapat
banyak -Pokok-pokok membentuk
kanopi yang tebal yang
-Suhu yang tinggi menghalang cahaya matahari
daripada sampai ke lantai hutan.
-Contoh flora : pokok kedondong,
kandis, kelat dan penarahan.
-Contoh fauna : tupai, burung, kera
dan kongkang .
A3 Pertengahan Tenaga suria /Bahangan -Tumbuhan yang biasa terdapat 3
suria/ Pancaran suria yang ialah epifit dan parasit.
semakin rendah -Terdapat juga liana iaitu pokok
yang memanjat pokok lain untuk
-Suhu yang sederhana mendapatkan cahaya matahari
tinggi seperti rotan
- Contoh: paku tanduk rusa dan
langsuyar
6
-Contoh fauna: lotong, orang utan,
katak pokok, musang,
harimau bintang, tupai pinang dan
tenggiling.
Fakta (lapisan) = 1m
Ciri tenaga suria = 1m
Ciri/jenis tumbuhan dan haiwan = 1m
4 isi x 3m = 12m
7
(b) Bincangkan proses fizikal yang berlaku di permukaan bumi akibat penerimaan tenaga
suria.
8
3(ai) Huraikan bagaimana proses pembentukan gelinciran.
4 isi x 3m = 12m
9
(aii) Nilaikan aktiviti manusia yang boleh dijalankan di kawasan bentuk muka bumi
gelinciran
Lurah gelinciran
-kawasan tanah pamah/ lembangan saliran yang disaliri
sungai yang penting untuk perikanan air tawar
10
Cerun gelinciran
-boleh dibina petempatan di kaki bukit yang terletak
diantara dua cerun
Pantai timbul
- Pelancongan: mempunyai bentuk muka bumi
pemendapan ombak seperti pantai yang menjadi daya
tarikan pelancong untuk berjemur dan menikmati
keindahan alam semulajadi.
- Rekreasi: sesuai untuk aktiviti rekreasi seperti mandi
manda, berkelah dan bermain layang-layang.
Lurah gelinciran
Pengangkutan air kerana adanya badan berair seperti
sungai, tasik dan laut.
Aiix - Kesimpulan:
Fakta = 1m, Huraian = 1m
Mana-mana 6 isi x 2m = 12m + kesimpulan = 13m
Tiada bentuk muka bumi = 0m
11
3(bi) Bincangkan enam faktor fizikal yang mempengaruhi hakisan tebing sungai.
Bi2 Isipadu air Isipadu air yang banyak terutama ketika kejadian banjir 2
menyebabkan halaju air sangat tinggi dan berupaya menghakis
tebing sungai dengan giat.
Bi3 Bentuk alur Bentuk alur yang lurus menyebabkan halaju air tinggi dan 2
proses hakisan tebing sungai boleh berlaku dengan sangat giat.
Bi4 Jenis batuan Jika tebing sungai terdiri daripada batuan jenis lembut seperti 2
batu kapur, batuan tersebut akan lebih mudah dihakis.
Bi5 Bahan/beban Bahan/beban muatan yang mempunyai saiz yang tajam dan 2
muatan bersegi-segi seperti batu tongkol berupaya menghakis tebing
sungai dengan giat.
Bi6 Litupan Jika tebing sungai mempunyai litupan tumbuhan yang banyak, 2
tumbuhan akar pokok akan memegang tanah di tebing sungai. Proses
hakisan kurang giat berbanding jika tiada litupan tumbuhan
iaitu hakisan tebing akan menjadi sangat giat.
Bix - Kesimpulan
12
(bii) Jelaskan langkah-langkah bagi mengatasi masalah hakisan tebing sungai di Malaysia.
Bii2 Hukuman penjara Mengenakan hukuman penjara tidak melebihi 2 tahun dan 2
dan denda denda/dikompaun tidak melebihi RM 500,000.00
Bii3 Rondaan/Kawalan Agensi kerajaan seperti Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) dan 2
dan pemantauan pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT) perlu sentiasa mengadakan
rondaan, kawalan dan pemantauan secara berkala dan
berterusan
13
Bii7 Penanaman pokok Menanam pokok di tebing sungai supaya akar pokok 2
boleh memegang tanah dan mengelakkan runtuhan tebing