EFFECTS OF TIMBER POUCHING TO THE DENSITY OF COMMERCIALLY

IMPORTANT SPECIES IN
BRGY. ZABALI BALER, AURORA

NACINO, ANGELBERT E.
FRIGINAL, CHRISTIAN R.
SISON, ROBINSON

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY

 INTRODUCTION

Population has been overinflated today since (Yvette Collymore 2003) demand of

foods, water and shelter has been an issue to every community thus, businessmen makes

an opportunity to venture and make sales in every possible product that they would sell

and make a huge income as long as they had a good buyers. One of illegal business today

are timber poachers.

Timbers are made into different household interior and exterior manufactures

such as bed, sofas, dining tables and etc. Since population inflation occurs demand of

timber also increases. So does opportunity to timber poaching increases.

In order to fulfill the demand, most of the important tree species are commercially

cut down does create a dense loss of one biosystem. Even number of several endangered

species of trees are numerals and it became a threat to the community . one of the

community that is known to have lots of timber poacher is at Brgy. Zabali , Baler ,Aurora

. Therefore, it needed to evaluate the effect of timber poaching to the commercially in

order to protect and preserve the endangered species of trees.

Objectives of the Study
This study on the Effects of Timber Poaching to the Density of Commercially-
Important Tree Species in Brgy. Zabali Baler Aurora seeks to attain the following
objectives:
1. Determine the frequency and location of timber pouching incidents from 2016-2021 in
Sitio Ilaya, Zabali Baler, Aurora
2. Assess the timber pouching incidents as to kind of timber usually gathered and volume
of lumber seized.
3. Status of the case whether still on going , dismissed or closed.
4. Recommend possible management initiatives to protect the area against timber
poucher.

Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find out the effect of timber poaching to the tree
species in Brgy. Zabali and to determine the density of the area from the result of tree
poaching activities.

Benefiting the study are the various sectors as follows:

The Students: the primary beneficiary of this research is for the students especially for
those forestry students for them to gain knowledge on their chosen course. Also, it will be
their reference for their future research.

The Teachers: teachers will also gain learning from this research for them to broaden
their knowledge to share to their students. With this, the learning about the effects of the
illegal poaching to our community will be elaborated much more effectively.

To the Community: our community lies around the mountainside therefore this research
is essential to the community people for them to have the awareness of the effects of
illegal country. It will contribute to enlighten the people what are the importance of
proper conservation and utilization of the forest products in our community.
For the Future Researchers: the outcome of the study will be beneficial and relevant to
their study. It could also be their basis and guide in making new theories, designs and
methods to their research.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
Illegal logging has been seriously one of the problems of our country since the

starting of the industrializing era. Since our country is considered as one of the havens of

lots of flora and fauna, numerous studies have been subjected from the effects of illegal

logging and various annual reports of the wood industry association. The forest cover of

the Philippines ranks as one of the 11 poorest among 89 countries in the tropics with a

per capita forest cover of about 0.085 ha. It declined from 70 percent of the total land

area in 1900 to about 18.3 percent in 1999, or just over 5 million ha of residual and old-

growth forests (ESSC 1999). These phenomena are mainly caused by illegal logging

across the country which intensify the deforestation in the Philippines. Deforestation

decreased from an all-time high of 300,000 ha annually in the years between 1977 and

1980, to approximately 100 0001 ha per year in the 1990s. Besides the environmental and

economic impacts, deforestation also means that the dipterocarp forests that have been

the world’s primary source of “Philippine mahogany,” may eventually disappear (Guiang

E.S., 2001). Based on projections from the Philippines’ National Forest Resource

Inventory (NFRI) conducted from 1979 to 1988 (FMB/DENR 1988), the total volume of

timber in the commercial forests in 1997 was estimated to be around 400 million m3 for

all residual dipterocarps and pine forests. Estimates of the remaining secondary forests

vary, ranging from 2.85 to 4.36 million ha (Angeles 1999). Researchers agreed that at

least 2 million ha of the remaining residual forests may be covered by the sustainable

forest management scheme. These areas are considered productive, with adequate

residual forest stands. The DENR (1990a) recommended timber harvests in the residual

forests be permitted only under three situations - by timber license holders, communities,
and through conversion to other land uses. Estimates of potential annual sustainable

yields from the remaining residual forests range from 1.7 to 5.1 million m3 (Table 22).

Angeles (1999) recommends a maximum annual harvest of 2.0 million m3 from the

natural forests on a 35-year rotation, extracting only trees with a dbh of 60 cm and above.

Commercial harvests in the remaining residual forests have ignited a variety of debates

among the different stakeholders - the private sector, communities, policy makers,

lawmakers, local government units (LGU), and environmentalists.

Illegal logging and associated corruption are by defi nition

difficult to measure. Philippine forestry statistics are
notoriously unreliable and are often manipulated for political
purposes (Kummer 1992).
Illegal logging and associated corruption are by defi nition
difficult to measure. Philippine forestry statistics are
notoriously unreliable and are often manipulated for political
purposes (Kummer 1992).
Illegal logging and associated corruption are by definition difficult to measure.

Philippine forestry statistics are notoriously unreliable and are often manipulated for

political purposes (Kummer 1992). Study by Gerard Persoon et. al (2011) states that the

forestry service and municipal governments tolerate illegal logging in the protected area;

government officials argue that banning an important livelihood activity of households

along the forest frontier will aggravate rural poverty.

The amount of timber

harvested in the protected area is comparable to a commercial
logging concession. Although logging generates cash for men
along the forest frontier to meet short term needs, it undermines
sustainable rural development in the long term by destroying
the resource-base on which rural communities depend, eroding
the rule of law, and distorting markets (Brack 2007
The amount of timber harvested in the protected area is comparable to a

commercial logging concession. Although logging generates cash for men along the
forest frontier to meet short term needs, it undermines sustainable rural development in

the long term by destroying the resource-base on which rural communities depend,

eroding the rule of law, and distorting markets (Brack 2007; Kaimowitz 2007). Most

profits are captured by middlemen and financiers who operate in collusion with

government officials. The argument that strict law enforcement aggravates rural poverty

and fuels the civil insurgency is misused by DENR and local government officials to

mask the detrimental impacts of timber extraction and to cover collusive corruption

(Grainger & Malayang III 2006; Richards et al. 2003). On the other hand, there’s are a lot

of number of illegal loggers until now that still doing thess actions despite of

consequences they’ll face if have been caught. On February 2, an Army team led by

Corporal Jennyson Mandun and personnel from the DENR Aurora’s provincial

environment and natural resources office seized 600 board feet of illegally cut lumber at

Barangay Dinadiawan, Dipaculao town. The alarming number of illegal loggers in our

province that continuously doing it as their living is a sign of how poor our society was.

In the forest regions, there is always a rural community or indigenous people living

within the locality. These communities or tribes are in most cases very poor and entirely

depend on the forest for their needs and survival.

 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

Study Site

The group will perform the assessment in Sitio Ilaya, Barangay Zabali, Baler,

Aurora located at (15 43’ 57.68”N 121 35’ 52.98”E). The site is a part of the Sierra

Madre Mountain Range. The Sierra Madre is the longest mountain range in

the Philippines. Barangay Zabali is one of the thirteen Barangay’s of Baler. According to

the 2015 Census there are 4,138 populations in Barangay Zabali.

Materials Used

To conduct the study about the Effect of timber poaching to the density of

commercially-important tree species in Sitio Ilaya, Brgy. Zabali, Baler, Aurora, different

materials are need to use. The researchers need to use internet access in gathering

information and some related studies. The researchers also need to use laptop and paper.

The researcher use paper and loptop to record all the gathered information.

The researchers will use GPS to locate the exact location of area or site. Also

researchers use some kind of gadget that can illustrate the condition of the area after it

abuse.

Research Design

This research proposal will used descriptive research method to determine the

Effect of timber poaching to the density of commercially-important tree species in Sitio

Ilaya, Brgy. Zabali, Baler, Aurora. This research is a descriptive research because it
describes all the data that the researcher will gather.
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Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Western Samoa.

Brack. D. 2007. Illegal logging: Briefi ng paper. London: Chatham House

Kaimowitz, D. 2007. Forest law enforcement and rural livelihoods. In: Illegal
logging: Law enforcement and the timber trade (ed. Tacconi, L.). Pp. 110–138. London:
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