02 - LTE Training April 2011 - Schedulers - VF

LTE/EPC training – Orange cities
Schedulers
Dinh Thuy PHAN HUY
Orange Labs/RESA
April 2011
Orange Labs
France Telecom group restricted
Scope
 MAC/PHY mechanisms
 Layer 1 and 2 mechanisms
 For FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
 Downlink on one band
 Uplink on a separate band
 Key words
 Scheduling
 Resource Allocation
 Link Adaptation
 Power Control
 H-ARQ
LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p2 France Telecom group restricted

Agenda
 Downlink
 How the radio resource is shared and allocated among users in LTE?
 How is a dynamic grant used and generated?
 How does the scheduler select the transmission rate?
 How is the Channel Quality Indicator measured and reported?
 How the scheduler orders/prioritise UEs?
 How does the scheduler handles re-transmissions?
 What is the difference between persistent, semi-persistent and
dynamic scheduling?
 What happens in case of mixed traffic?
 Uplink
 Almost same questions!

 How many downlink channels?

Transport and Physical Channels
eNode B eUE
Medium
MAC Transport channels MAC Access
Control Layer
PHY Physical channels PHY Physical Layer
 Number of channels is reduced compared to 3G
 Simplified mapping between transport and physical channels

Transport Physical Comment
Channel Channel
DL-SCH
Downlink Shared Channel PDSCH Scheduled
Physical Downlink Shared Channel channel
For unicast data
Downlink control channel L1/L2 control information.
information PDCCH DCI
Physical Downlink Control Channel
D-BCH PDSCH Additional system information.
Dynamic Broadcast Channel
PCH PDSCH
Paging channel
MCH PDSCH This channel is foreseen for multi-cell broadcast

Multicast channel via MBSFN (cf. section 6.10)
P-BCH CCPCH Essential system information (bandwidth,

Primary Broadcast channel Common Control Physical Channel number of antennas, power settings, …less
than 40 bits)

 Why are there some channels not transporting data?

Scheduling Requires Overhead
 Data:
 PDSCH
 Scheduled
 Overhead (OVH):
 PDCCH + Reference Signals
 NOT scheduled (reserved)
 Drawbacks of OVH: loss of bandwidth

 Total Rate = Data Rate + Overhead Rate
 Data Rate < Total Rate
 Advantages of OVH: PDSCH scheduled resource is optimised
 PDCCH signalling is used by scheduler to update dynamically PDSCH allocation
 Reference Signals are used to monitor dynamically PDSCH rate

PDCCH (Control channel)
Frequency
L1/L2 Control
Variable size: 0,1,2 or 3 OFDM symbols Even 4 for bandwidth < 10 RBs
 Content: DCIs (Downlink

Control Information)
Time
 Several PDCCH Formats
(0 to 3)
 Format 0 allows to multiplex
more DCIs than format 3.
1ms Sub-frame
 Format 0 has the lowest
coverage
1st OFDM symbol includes CCFI
to indicate control size

All physical channels and
reference signals
L1/2 overhead
PDSCH PBCH P-SCH S-SCH PDCCH
Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Subframes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Radio Frame of 10ms
Radio Frame Structure Type 1 (FDD) and normal CP
Zoom on sub-frame 0
PDCCH
Sub-Frame 0 for Frame
S-SCH Structure Type I (FDD)
and normal CP
P-SCH
frequency
P-BCH
72 central
62 central
sub-carriers
sub-carriers
for P-BCH
for P-SCH and
1.08MHz
S-SCH
930kHz
time
symbols 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
slots 0 1
 How the radio resource is shared among users in LTE?
Downlink Resource
 PDSCH is Shared in time and frequency.

 In LTE, downlink resource the basic resource unit is the:
Physical Resource Block

(PRB)
One Downlink Slot of 0.5ms Half a TTI of 1ms
7OFDM symbols
k=Nx12
N Rresource Blocks

12x6 Resource Elements
12 sbcarriers
Resource Element (k,l)

k: index of sub-carrier
l: index of OFDM symbol
for frame structure type 1

k=0 (FDD) and normal CP
l=0 l=6
Resource Allocation Types
 PRBs can be allocated to different eUEs

 i.e. frequency multiplexing on the PDSCH
 3 Resource Allocation Types [36.213]
 Allocation Type 0
 Bitmap
 Resource Block Groups of 1,2,3 or 4 contiguous RBs
 Virtual Resource Blocks
Allocation Type 0
 1Resource Block Group (RBG) = a set of Physical Resource Blocks
 Allocation: any RBGs
 Indication by Bitmap: 1 bit for each RBG
RBG
Bitmap
1 RBG 0 is allocated System Bandwidth RBG Size
in nb of RBs in PRBs
0 RBG 1 is NOT allocated
DL (P)
0 RBG 2 is NOT allocated N RB
0 RBG 3 is NOT allocated
… ≤10 1
0 RBG N RB  4 is NOT allocated

DL
11 – 26 2
RBG N RB  3 is NOT allocated
DL
0 27 – 63 3
RBG N RB  2 is allocated
DL
1
64 – 110 4
RBG N RB  1 is NOT allocated
DL
0
Allocation Type 1
 1 RBG is selected
 A set of PRBs within this RBG is allocated
 Indication: RBG index + bitmap for PRBs within the RBG
RBG
index
Bitmap
0 RBG 0
is allocated 1 RB0 of RBG is allocated
1
0
2
1 RB2 of RBG is allocated
3
0
…
0 4
DL
N RB
0 3
DL
N RB
0 2
DL
N RB
0 1
DL
N RB
Allocation Type 2
 No RBG. Virtual Resource Block

 Localised VRB: PRB of slot 0 = PRB of slot1
 Distributed VRB: PRB of slot 0 =/= PRB of slot1
 Possibility to allocate a variable number of VRBs.
 Contiguous allocation in the VRB index domain: VRB index N1 to
N2 are allocated
Localised VRB Distributed VRB
Frequency
frequency
Constant GAP
slot0 slot1 slot0 slot1

 How the radio resource is allocated in LTE?
Schedulers
 Asfor 3G
 The eNode B allocates resources to eUEs in the cell
 Resource is shared in time, frequency and space.
 The eNode B informs the eUE of its allocation
eNB
eUE 3
eUE 2 eUE 1
Cell
Schedulers
 Usually~2 separate scheduling processes in the

eNode B, per sector:
 The UL scheduler manages the PUSCH resource
 The DL scheduler manages the PDSCH resource
 The UL and the DL schedulers share the PDCCH

channel to signal the allocation to the eUEs
3 standardised families
 Dynamic Scheduling
 For non delay constrained services: Buffered Streaming, Web,
FTP , Best Effort, etc…
 ~HSDPA/HSUPA: dynamic amount of resource is allocated
 Persistent Scheduling
 For very delay constrained : signalling (BCH)
 ~R99: fixed amount of resource is allocated
 Semi-Persistent Scheduling
 Optimised for VoIP
 ~R7: HS-SCCH less operation DL, Non Scheduled Tx in UL
Scheduling Grant
 An eNB indicates the eUE which resource it is allocated via a

signalling message called "Scheduling Grant"
 A scheduling Grant is sent over the PDCCH channel
 Grants associated to the 3 families of scheduling schemes

 Downlink Dynamic Grant
 Downlink Semi-Persistent Grant
 Uplink Dynamic Grant
 Uplink Persistent Grant
 Uplink Semi-Persistent Grant
 How is a dynamic grant used?
Dynamic Grant for Downlink
Resource allocation is in the same 1ms TTI
updated every 1ms
Downlink Scheduling Grant Downlink Data Transmission

(DCI) on PDCCH on PDSCH
eNB Scheduling
1 2 3
Frequency
Frequency
eNB indicates to
the UE
Allocated
Time Resource Time
1ms 1ms
eNB allocation UE resource
 How a dynamic grant is generated?
Frequency Selective Scheduling
 Dynamic scheduling allows to update the resource dynamically
every ms.
 The scheduler can thus select dynamically the best time frequency
resource based on current radio channel conditions, and can then
generate a dynamic grant to perform
Frequency Selective Scheduling (FSS)
 FSS adds one scheduling dimension (frequency dimension)
compared to HSDPA (time dimension only)
Source [ericsson]
 Once the scheduler has selected the resource in time and
frequency, how does it select the transmission rate?
Scheduling and Link Adaptation
 Dynamic scheduling includes Adaptive Modulation and Coding

(AMC)
 As for HSDPA/HSUPA:
 a high data rate (high Modulation and Coding Scheme) is allocated to a eUE
with a high Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), example: 64QAM (6b/p/s/Hz)
 a low data rate (low Modulation and Coding Scheme) is allocated to a eUE
with a low Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), example: QPSK (2b/p/s/Hz)
 Thus scheduler updates every 1ms, 2 parameters:

 the number and positions of the allocated Resource Blocks
 the Data rate per Resource Block
CQI feedback
 To select RBs and MCS, the eNB, a reliable radio channel

quality feedback is required from the eUE
 This can only be obtained for low speed users
 How is the Channel Quality Indicator made available at the eNode
B scheduler?
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
 Channel Quality Indicator
 Narrowband CQI for frequency selective scheduling and link adaptation
 Wideband CQI for time scheduling and link adaptation
Downlink Reference Signals
UE measures
DL SIR per RB
UE reports CQI (Channel quality indicator)
Downlink Scheduling Grant
UE gets ready
to receive data
eNB perfoms frequency selective scheduling Transmission of DL Scheduled Data
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
 CQI is sent by the eUE to the eNB
 Several CQI reporting modes
 Periodic CQI report

 over PUCCH reserved resource
 typically 5ms period
 Period must be <<< coherence time = c/(F0v)
 example:c=3.108m/s, F0=2.5GHz, v=3km/h)
 Aperiodic CQI report

 over PUSCH
 on demand of eNB
 How is the Channel Quality Indicator measured by the eUE?
Reference Signals
 Reference signals are Pilots

 They are standardised and known at the eNB and eUE
 Cell-Specific RSs for CQI measurement by the UE

 For Narrowband CQI to support for frequency adaptive scheduling
 For Wideband CQI to support non-frequency adaptive scheduling
 Also used for channel estimation to support data demodulation
Cell Specific Reference Signals
 Cell specific reference signals are two dimensional sequences
 Each cell identity corresponds to a unique sequence (up to ~500

identities)
 Additionally, UE dedicated reference signals can be added in

case of beamforming to avoid signalling the beamforming
coefficients
Four antenna ports
Cell frequency frequency
Specific R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference R0 R0 R1 R1
Signals R0
R0
R0
R0
Time
R1
R1
R1
R1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time
even-numbered odd-numbered even-numbered odd-numbered
slots slots slots slots
Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1
frequency frequency
Mapping of
cell-specific
R3
downlink R2
R3
reference signals R2
(normal cyclic prefix) R2 R3
Time
[36.211] R2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time
R3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 12 3 4 5 6
for even-numbered
slots
odd-numbered
slots
even-numbered
slots
odd-numbered
slots
four antenna ports Antenna Port 2 Antenna Port 3
Transmission not allowed on this RE for this antenna port

R0 Reference Symbols for Antenna Port 0
 How the scheduler orders/prioritise UEs when the requested
resource is larger than available resource?
Scheduling and Fairness
 As in 3G (HSDPA/HSUPA).
 Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS)

 Metric to order candidates competing for the resource:
M= T/<T>
 where:
• T= Achievable throughput
• <T> = Average Achieved Throughput
 Round Robin
 Equal amount of resource
HARQ
8 Synchronous HARQ processes
HARQ process number 1 234567812345678123456781 23456781234567812345678

UE data transmission
8 Asynchronous HARQ processes
HARQ process number 1 682735 168273 682517 682357 68215 682375

minimum interval
Hybrid Automated Repeat reQuest

Combination of received versions
Chase Combining
Incremental Redundancy
DL: asynchronous to exploit full flexibility of the scheduler
Usually retransmissions are prior to initial transmissions

 What is the difference between persistent and dynamic
scheduling?
Persistent Grant for Downlink
Resource allocation is done once and is applied all the time
Example below: the UE is allowed to use the same resource every 5ms
Downlink Scheduling Grant Downlink Data Transmission

eNB Scheduling
1 2 3
Frequency
Frequency
eNB indicates to
the UE
Allocated
Time Resource Time
5ms X ms
 What is the difference between semi-persistent and persistent
scheduling?
Semi Persistent Grant for Downlink
 Semi-Persistent Grant has been introduced

 One persistent grant for first transmissinos of packets
 Dynamic grants for every retransmissions
 Optimised for VoIP which is a periodical traffic
 Minimises the number of grants to be sent
TALK SPURT
20ms 20ms 20ms
1st tx 1st tx 1st tx

reTx reTx
reTx
Persistent allocated resource

Dynamically scheduled resource
Scheduling and link adaptation
 Persistent scheduling includes fixed Adaptive Modulation and

Coding
 Fixed as for R99

 Allocated number of Resource Blocks
 Data rate per Resource Block
 Dynamic scheduling for Best Effort, Semi-Persistent Scheduling
for VoIP.
 Then, what happens in case of mixed traffic?
Mixed Traffic
 eUEs in the cell use VoIP+ streaming + FTP + etc…
 Every 1ms, a Node B can send

 Several grants in a cell
 Only one UL grant per eUE
 Only one DL grant per eUE
 Any of the grants (DL/UL,Dyn/Pers/Semi-Pers)
 One grant can be used to transport several Radio Bearers: for instance VoIP + FTP +
streaming bits.
 VoIP
 Semi-Persistent Scheduling is optimum
 Dynamic Scheduling is OK with low number of VoIP eUEs
 Other services
 Dynamic scheduling is a must
 Semi-Persistent Scheduling must not be used for streaming, Best Effort, Web etc!!
Agenda
 Downlink
 Uplink
Agenda
 Downlink
 How the radio resource is shared and allocated among users in LTE?
 How is a dynamic grant used and generated?
 How does the scheduler select the transmission rate?
 How is the Channel Quality Indicator measured and reported?
 How the scheduler orders/prioritise UEs?
 What is the difference between persistent, semi-persistent and
dynamic scheduling?
 What happens in case of mixed traffic?
 Uplink
 Almost same questions!
Transport Channels
 Number of transport and physical channels has been reduced

compared to 3G
 Simplified mapping between transport and physical channels
Transport Channels [36.212]
TrCH Physical Channel
UL-SCH
PUSCH
UL Shared Channel for
Physical Uplink Shared Channel
UL data
RACH PRACH
Random Access Channel Physical Random Access Channel
Control information Physical Channel
PUCCH
UCI
Physical UL Control Channel
UL Control Information
PUSCH
 Why are there channels not transporting data?
Scheduling required Overhead
 PUSCH
 UL data
 Scheduled
 Overhead
 PUCCH
 UL Sounding Reference Signals (UL SRS)
 Not Scheduled (reserved)
 Drawbacks of OVH: loss of bandwidth

 Total Rate = Data Rate + Overhead Rate
 Data Rate < Total Rate
 Advantages of OVH: PUSCH scheduled resource is optimised
 PUCCH signalling is used by UE to update dynamically resource request
 Sounding Reference Signals are used to monitor dynamically PUSCH rate
UL PUCCH
One Control Channel Resource

frequency
resource i resource j
resource j resource i
1 ms subframe
Another Control Channel Resource

Typical frame for 10MHz
spectrum allocation
1ms TTI of 14 OFDM symbols
0.5ms slot of 7 OFDM symbols
50Resource Blocks
of 12sub-carriers
Control 601 subcarriers

(PUCCH) spaced by 15kHz
Data (PUSCH)
&
Reference Signals
for
Reference Signals for channel estimation sounding
 How the uplink resource shared among eUEs?
Uplink Resource Blocks
One Uplink Slot of 0.5ms
for frame structure type I (FDD) and normal

7 SC-FDMA symbols CP
k=Nx12
Resource Allocation:
Virtual Resource Blocks
N Rresource Blocks

12x6 Resource Elements Contiguous allocation in the
VRB index domain
12 sbcarriers
Resource Element (k,l)

k: index of sub-carrier
l: index of SC-FDMA symbol
k=0
l=0 l=6
Uplink Resource Allocation
 The resource allocation information indicates to a scheduled UE a

set of contiguously allocated virtual resource block indices
denoted by
 How the does the eNB allocate uplink resource to UEs?
Dynamic Grant for Uplink
Resource allocation is updated every 1ms
Scheduling Request +
eNB Scheduling Uplink Scheduling Grant Uplink Data Transmission
1 2 3
Frequency
Frequency
eNB indicates to
the UE
Allocated
Time Resource Time
1ms 1ms
Semi Persistent Scheduling
 Similar to downlink case
Semi Persistent Scheduling and link adaptation?
 Semi Persistent scheduling includes fixed Adaptive Modulation and

Coding
 Fixed as for R99

 Fixed Allocated number of Resource Blocks
 Fixed Modulation and Coding Scheme (Fixed Data rate per Resource Block)
 Persistent scheduling can be associated with power control
 Example: Fast Closed Loop Power control (every 1ms)
 How does the scheduler select the UL rate?
UL scheduling and link adaptation
 Similar to downlink case
 Frequency selective scheduling based on UL SINR measurement

by the eNB
 UL SINR is measured over the UL Sounding Reference Signals

(SRS)
 UL SINR measurement plays the role of DL CQI, for the uplink.
 In UL , demodulation RS (DM-RS) are separate from UL SRS
 How does the scheduler measure the UL CQI?
UL Sounding Reference Symbols (SRS)
SRS
Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Subframes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Radio Frame of 10ms
SRS with 5subframes period configured, for frame structure type I and normal CP
UL SRS
 2 types of SRS
Frequency Hopping SRS,

Wideband SRS
for larger coverage
f
f
t
t
 The scheduler can allocate resource, select rate.
 Does it control the uplink power as well?
Uplink Power Control
Data interference
Intra-cell power control Inter-cell power control

To control To control
Received Data Quality Received Interference
Intra-cell and inter-cell power control
Power Control (~R99)
 The standardized PC scheme allows both Open Loop and Closed Loop
implementation
1) Pilot PTx, IN, SIRtarget

eNB
 Open Loop
2)PLoss measurement 3)PTx = SIRtarget+IN-PLoss
3)
1) TPC_cmd If (SIR>SIR_target)
 Closed Loop eNB TPC_cmd =DOWN
Else
TPC_cmd =UP
2) PTx=PTx +TPC_cmd
PPUSCH (i)  min{ PMAX , 10 log10 (M PUSCH (i))  PO_PUSCH ( j )    PL  TF(i)  f (i)}
Equations are in dB in this slide.
OLPC CLPC
UL Fractional power control
 Principle
 To define Ppc, the maximum transmit power the UE can use, depending on its
"position" in the cell.
 Based on path loss rather than exact position
 The objective is to achieve a trade-off between
 Transmitting with high power to achieve high throughput and large coverage
 Transmitting with low power to limit inter-cell interference
 Motorola and NSN
PPUSCH (i)  min{ PMAX , 10 log10 (M PUSCH (i))  PO_PUSCH ( j )    PL  TF(i)  f (i)}
fractional parameter between 0 and 1
alpha = 1 corresponds to full power control (classical power control)

alpha = 0 corrrespnds to constant power (no control)
HARQ
8 Synchronous HARQ processes
HARQ process number 1 234567812345678123456781 23456781234567812345678

8 Asynchronous HARQ processes
HARQ process number 1 682735 168273 682517 682357 68215 682375

minimum interval
Hybrid Automated Repeat reQuest

Combination of received versions
Chase Combining
Incremental Redundancy
UL: synchronous, to lower overhead due to grants
Retransmissions are prior to initial transmissions

 MAC-PHY, scheduling issues?
Cross layer design issues
 Interaction between MIMO, frequency scheduling, HARQ and

Adaptive Modulation and Coding is a tough cross-layer design
issue
 Those mechanisms are eNB vendors specific and are not
standardised
 The eNB scheduler must predict the performance at the receiver
to perform Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 Particularly difficult for spatial multiplexing and SIC MMSE
 This prediction is based on eUE channel quality indicator reports
(narrowband or wideband)
 To correct prediction errors
 H-ARQ: hybrid Automated Repeat reQuest
 Outer Loop BLER Control
LTE Performance
Orange Labs
Performance
 Network simulations performed by 3GPP companies
 http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_AH/LTE_Perf
ormance_evaluation_April-07/
Thank You!
Orange Labs
References
TS36.101 "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception, Release 8", v8.5.1, march 2009;
[36.101] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/36.101/
TS36.104 "Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception, Release 8", v8.5.0, march 2009 ;
TS36.106 "FDD Repeater radio transmission and reception; Release 8", v8.1.0, march 2009;
TS36.113 "Base Station (BS) and repeater ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Release 8", v8.1.0, may
[36.113] 2008; http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/36.113/
TS36.133 "Requirements for support of radio resource management ; release 8", v8.5.0, march 2009;
[36.201] TS36.201,"LTE Physical Layer - General Description," 3GPP TSG RAN, v8.1.0, Nov 2007;
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/36.201/
[36.211] TS36.211, "Physical Channels and Modulation," 3GPP TSG RAN, v8.4.0, sept 2008;
[36.212] TS36.212, "Multiplexing and channel coding," 3GPP TSG RAN, v8.4.0, sept 2008.
[36.213] TS36.213, "Physical Layer – Procedures," 3GPP TSG RAN, v8.4.0, sept 2008;
[36.214] TS36.214, "Physical layer – Measurements," 3GPP TSG RAN, v 8.4.0, sept 2008.
Dinh Thuy PHAN HUY. October 18th 2010 France Telecom group restricted
[36.300] TS36.300 "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio
Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2; Release 8", v8.8.0, march 2009;
TS36,306 "User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities", march 2009;

[36.306] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/specs/archive/36_series/36.306
[36.321] TS36.321, "MAC protocol specification," 3GPP TSG RAN, v 8.3.0, Sept 2008;
[36.322]
TS36.322, "Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification";
[36.323]
TS36.323, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Packet Data Convergence Protocol
(PDCP) specification; http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/36.323/
[36.331]
TS36.331, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol
specification; http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/36.331/
[Ericsson]: E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, '3G Evolution – HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband,' Academic Press, June 2007. )
References
[LTEVerification] 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1, Telephone Conference, April 23*24, 2007, E-UTRA Performance Checkpoint;
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_AH/LTE_Performance_evaluation_April-07/Docs/

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LTE/EPC training – Orange cities

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p2 France Telecom group restricted

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p3 France Telecom group restricted

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p4 France Telecom group restricted

PHY Physical channels PHY Physical Layer

 Number of channels is reduced compared to 3G

 Simplified mapping between transport and physical channels

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p5 France Telecom group restricted

MCH PDSCH This channel is foreseen for multi-cell broadcast

P-BCH CCPCH Essential system information (bandwidth,

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p6 France Telecom group restricted

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p7 France Telecom group restricted

 Drawbacks of OVH: loss of bandwidth

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p8 France Telecom group restricted

 Content: DCIs (Downlink

LTE EPC training/2011/D.T. Phan Huy– p9 France Telecom group restricted

PDSCH PBCH P-SCH S-SCH PDCCH

Radio Frame of 10ms

Radio Frame Structure Type 1 (FDD) and normal CP

 PDSCH is Shared in time and frequency.

Physical Resource Block

Physical Resource Block

Resource Element (k,l)

for frame structure type 1

 PRBs can be allocated to different eUEs

 3 Resource Allocation Types [36.213]

0 RBG N RB  4 is NOT allocated

 No RBG. Virtual Resource Block

Localised VRB Distributed VRB

slot0 slot1 slot0 slot1

 Usually~2 separate scheduling processes in the

 The UL and the DL schedulers share the PDCCH

 An eNB indicates the eUE which resource it is allocated via a

 A scheduling Grant is sent over the PDCCH channel

 Grants associated to the 3 families of scheduling schemes

Downlink Scheduling Grant Downlink Data Transmission

 Dynamic scheduling includes Adaptive Modulation and Coding

 Thus scheduler updates every 1ms, 2 parameters:

 To select RBs and MCS, the eNB, a reliable radio channel

 This can only be obtained for low speed users

Downlink Reference Signals

Downlink Scheduling Grant

 Several CQI reporting modes

 Periodic CQI report

 Aperiodic CQI report

 Reference signals are Pilots

 Cell-Specific RSs for CQI measurement by the UE

 Also used for channel estimation to support data demodulation

 Cell specific reference signals are two dimensional sequences

 Each cell identity corresponds to a unique sequence (up to ~500

 Additionally, UE dedicated reference signals can be added in

Cell frequency frequency

(normal cyclic prefix) R2 R3

Transmission not allowed on this RE for this antenna port

 Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS)

HARQ process number 1 234567812345678123456781 23456781234567812345678

8 Asynchronous HARQ processes

HARQ process number 1 682735 168273 682517 682357 68215 682375

Hybrid Automated Repeat reQuest

DL: asynchronous to exploit full flexibility of the scheduler

Usually retransmissions are prior to initial transmissions

Downlink Scheduling Grant Downlink Data Transmission

 Semi-Persistent Grant has been introduced