HSDPA Technology

ZTE University
Content

„ HSDPA Fundamentals
„ HSDPA Channels
„ HSDPA Main Technology
High Speed Data Services Landscape

Emerging
HSDPA Technologies
EGPRS UMTS
GPRS
OFDM
Mobility

Emerging
Technologies

WiFi
Bluetooth

Dial-Up Broadband 10Base-T 100Base-T T-1

Throughput
Standard Evolution
2G 3G

PDC

GSM GPRS W-CDMA HSDPA

EDGE

IS136
1xEV-DV

IS95A IS95B 1xRTT 3xEV-DV

1xEV-DO
 1xRTT

0.31 M
EGPRS

0.38 M
W-CDMA 2M

1xEV-DO
2.4M

1xEV-DV
3.1M

HSDPA
Theoretical Peak User Data Rates

3.6M

UECategory6

HSDPA
14.4M

Enhanced UE
HSDPA Key Points

Radio Access Downlink

Technology Only

High Low
Throughputs Latency

Shared PS
Channels Dedicated
HSDPA Main Concepts & Benefits
HSDPA

• No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used)

• No Variable Spreading (SF = 16)
• No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel)

• Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel)

• Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation)
• Fast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeB
• Short Radio Framing (2ms)

Higher User Lower Service Higher Packet Better Services

Data Rates Response Time Data Capacity Availability

Better End-User Perceived Quality

HSDPA Market Applications
BusinessMarket ConsumerMarket

Virtual Office Multiplayer Gaming

Corporate VPN Video Streaming & TV
Remote Applications / Tools Advertising / News Broadcast
Web Browsing Music & Video Downloads
Massive Downloads Web Surfing
... ...

Working Anywhere! Having Fun!

Perspective of HSDPA application

zHigher data rate

zMore users
zRicher service
Obvious advantage to compete with
HSDPA handset
other 3G technology like CDMA2000

HSDPA coverage
zHSDPA Modem
HSDPA Modem
zHSDPA fixed terminal
Flexible access

HSPDA data card zHSDPA data card

zHSDPA PDA

UMTS R99/R4 coverage Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX)

HSDPA PDA and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of
broadband wireless access

HSDPA-roundly improves the value of UMTS network

Radio Resource Allocation
Dedicated Channel

Dedicated Channel

Dedicated Channel

Shared Channel
User Throughput Management
Same Throughput

Unused

Power
Unused Power Data
Control

Data Power

100%
Rate
Adaptation 100% Power
Spectral Efficiency
1xEV-DO

1.25MHz
1xEV-DO Data
HSDPA 1xEV-DO

3 x 1.25MHz

1.25MHz
Carrier
Bandwidth/Carrier 5 MHz 1.25 MHz
1xRTT
Peak Data Rate 3.6 Mbps (Cat. 6) 2.4 Mbps
Voice & Data

1.25MHz
14.4 Mbps (Cat.
10)
Modulation on QPSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QA
Data Channel M time

Channel Coding Turbo 1/3 Turbo 1/3

L1 HARQ HARQ
Retransmission HSDPA Data

1 x 5 MHz
Transmission 2 ms 1.6 ms

Carrier
5 MHz
Interval
Sector depending on depending on load UMTS
Throughput load and and environment Voice & Data
environment
HSDPA
Beyond HSDPA
Release 6 Release 7 Release 7
Throughput
Capacity
&

MIMO OFDM
Content

„ HSDPA Fundamentals
„ HSDPA Channels
„ HSDPA Main Technology
HSDPA Protocol Stack
HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH
Data Transfer (PS I/B) Downlink Transfer Information
(UEid, OVSF,...) Introduction of MAC-hs

RNC

Iub
HS-DPCCH
DPCH Feedback Information
Upper Layer Signaling (CQI, ACK/NACK)

New Transport channel New Frame Protocols

HS-DSCH HS-DSCH

RLC RLC
MAC-d MAC-d
HS-DSCH HS-DSCH
MAC-hs MAC-hs Flow control
FP FP
L2 L2
PHY Uu PHY L1 Iub L1
UE NodeB RNC
HSDPA Layer2/Layer1 Flows
RRC (RNC)

RLC (RNC)

MAC Control PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH MAC Control MAC Control DCCH DTCH DTCH

MAC-hs MAC-d
(NodeB) (S-RNC)
MAC-c/sh
(C-RNC)

Associated Associated
Downlink HS-DSCH Uplink PCH FACH RACH CPCH DSCH DCH DCH
Signaling Signaling

R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB) R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)

HS-SCCH HS-PDSCH HS-DPCCH S-CCPCH S-CCPCH PRACH PCPCH PDSCH DPCH DPDCH/DPCCH
MAC-hs Architecture (UTRAN side)
to MAC-d or MAC-c/sh

MAC-d flows
MAC-hs Flow Control

Scheduler
Priority Queue Priority Queue
Distribution Distribution

Priority Priority Priority Priority

Queue Queue Queue Queue

HARQ

TFRC Selection

Associated HS-DSCH Associated

Downlink Signaling Uplink Signaling
HSDPA Channel Configuration

DTCH
Logical DCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels

DCH
Transport DCH DCH HS-DSCH
Channels

Layer 1

Physical
DPCH DPDCH DPCCH HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH HS-DPCCH
Channels
HS-DSCH Parameters
Higher RAB RAB DL ?kbps
Layer
RLC Logical channel type DTCH
RLC mode AM
Payload sizes, bit 320
Max data rate, bps ? (depends on UE category)
AMD PDU header, bit 16
MAC MAC-d header, bit 0
MAC multiplexing N/A
MAC-d PDU size, bit 336
MAC-hs header fixed part, bit 21
Layer 1 TrCH type HS-DSCH
TB sizes, bit NA
TFS NA
TTI, ms 2
Coding type TC
CRC, bit 24
Max number of bits/TTI after channel NA
coding
RM attribute NA
MAC-hs PDU

1 bit 3 bits 6 bits 3 bits 7 bits 1 bit

VF QID TSN SID N F

MAC-hs Header MAC-hs SDU ... MAC-hs SDU Padding

21 bits

MAC-hs Payload
HS-DSCH Coding Chain
CRC attachment

Bit Scrambling

Code Block Segmentation R4 Functionality

Turbo Coding

R4 Modified Functionality
HARQ Entity

Physical Channel Segmentation

New Functionality

HS-DSCH Interleaving

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

Physical Channel Mapping

HS-SCCH Coding Chain s, r, b

OVSF Code Set Modulation Scheme TBS HARQ RV Coding NDI

MUX MUX

CRC

CC 1/3 UEId UE Masking

Rate Matching CC 1/3 MUX

Puncturing CC 1/3

UE Masking Rate Matching

Slot #0: Code Set, Modulation Slot #1: TBS, HARQ Slot#2: RV, NDI
TSUBFRAME = 2ms
HS-PDSCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips, Ndata bits

Data bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

TSUBFRAME = 2ms

Slot Channel Channel SF Bits per Ndata

Format Bit Rate Symbol rate Subframe

0 (QPSK) 480 kbps 240 ksps 16 960 320

1 (16QAM) 960 kbps 240 ksps 16 1920 640

HS-SCCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips = 40 bits

Data bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

TSUBFRAME = 2ms

Slot Channel Channel SF Bits per Bits per

Format Bit Rate Symbol rate Subframe Slot

0 60 kbps 30 ksps 128 120 40

HS-DPCCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips = 10 bits

ACK/NACK CQI

Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4

TFRAME = 10ms

Slot Channel Channel SF Bits per Bits per

Format Bit Rate Symbol rate Subframe Slot

0 15 kbps 15 ksps 256 30 10

Radio Interface Timing
BFN tcell SFN

P-CPICH

2 ms

HS-SCCH#1

HS-SCCH#2

2 slots

HS-PDSCH

achNackRepetitionFactor = 2

HS-DPCCH AC ACK AC
K K
7,5 slots
 Downlink Modulation
I x
Scrambling

HS-PDSCH S/P
Modulation
Mapper
OVSFhs + x
Σ
Q x

16QAM
nk, nk+1, nk+2, nk+3 i1q1i2q2 I Q
0000 0000 0.4472 0.4472
0001 0001 0.4472 1.3416
0100 0010 1.3416 0.4472
0101 0011 1.3416 1.3416
0010 0100 0.4472 -0.4472
QPSK 0011 0101 0.4472 -1.3416
nk, nk+1 iq I Q 0110 0110 1.3416 -0.4472
00 00 1 1 0111 0111 1.3416 -1.3416
01 01 1 -1
1000 1000 -0.4472 0.4472
10 10 -1 1
1001 1001 -0.4472 1.3416
11 11 -1 -1
1100 1010 -1.3416 0.4472
1110 1011 -1.3416 1.3416
1010 1100 -0.4472 -0.4472
1011 1101 -0.4472 -1.3416
1110 1110 -1.3416 -0.4472
1111 1111 -1.3416 -1.3416
Uplink Modulation
OVSFd1 βd
DPDCH1 x x
OVSFd2 βd
DPDCH3 x
OVSFd3
x
βd Σ I x

DPDCH5 x x
OVSFhs βhs
HS-DPCCH x x
if Nmax-DPDCH = 2, 4, 6
Scrambling Modulation
OVSFd1 βd
DPDCH2 x x
OVSFd2 βd
DPDCH4 x x

DPDCH6
OVSFd3
x
OVSFc
βd
x
βc
Σ Q x

DPCCH x x
OVSFhs βhs
if Nmax-DPDCH = 0, 1, 3, 5
HS-DPCCH x x
Content

„ HSDPA Fundamentals
„ HSDPA Channels
„ HSDPA Main Technology
NodeB Role
RNC Capacity Request Capacity Allocation
Control FP Control FP Data FP

Flow Control
Dynamically fills the Queues of each UE

Queue IDs

Scheduler
Fills the TTIs with one or more users based on their priority and
feedback information

HARQ Processes
Retransmissions handling, TFRC selection, AMC…

Feedback Reception Radio Transmission

HSDPA Channel Operation
UE #1
UE #2
OVSF UE #3
codes UE #4

HS-PDSCH
UE #5 HS-SCCH
Data Transfer 2ms Downlink Transfer Information
(PS I/B) (UEid, OVSF,...)

DPCH DPCH
Upper Layer Signaling Upper Layer Signaling

HS-DPCCH HS-DPCCH
Feedback Information Feedback Information
(ACK/NACK, CQI) (ACK/NACK, CQI)
 HSDPA Working Procedure

②Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting

Data Packet
④Receive data from HS-DSCH
according to Detecting
HS-SCCH

Node B RNC
(AMC and HARQ)

„ AMC, modulation and coding selection

„ HARQ, lowers the time delay, improves
the data throughput
„ Fast scheduling, quick decision
OVSF Code Tree Reservation
SF4
HSDPA
SF8

SF16

SF32 HS-PDSCH

SF64
HS-SCCH
SF128

SF4
HSDPA + R4
SF8

SF16

SF32 HS-PDSCH ...

SF64 ...
SF128 ... cmCH

SF256 HS-SCCH ...

AMC Principles

UE Category Reported CQI

AMC Illustration
800
QPSK ¼
700 QPSK ½
QPSK ¾
600 16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
AMC

500
2ms

Throughput (kbps)
400

300

200

100
Coding Modulation Number of
0
Rate Scheme OVSF Codes -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Ior/Ioc (dB)

Maximum Throughput
AMC Principles

Modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) self-adaptive

‹Good channel state: 16QAM
CQI (Report periodically)
‹Bad channel state: QPSK

Coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc.) self-adaptive

‹Good channel state: 3/4
Node B ‹Bad channel state: 1/3

Efficiently utilize the channel condition

‹Good channel state: higher speed Codes adjusting

‹Bad channel state: lower speed Good channel state: more codes
Bad channel state: fewer codes
Modulation Schemes
16QAM
Q
QPSK
1011 1001 0001 0011 Q

10 00
1010 1000 0000 0010

I
I 11 01
1110 1100 0100 0110

1111 1101 0101 0111

2 bits per symbol
480kbps per OVSF
960 bits per TTI

4 bits per symbol

960kbps per OVSF
1920 bits per TTI
Modulation Schemes

HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate

Modulation Data rate Data rate Data rate

coding rate (1 code) (5 codes) (15 codes)
QPSK 1/4 120kbps 600kbps 1.8Mbps

QPSK 1/2 240kbps 1.2Mbps 3.6Mbps

QPSK 3/4 360kbps 1.8Mbps 5.4Mbps

16QAM 1/2 480kbps 2.4Mbps 7.2Mbps

16QAM 3/4 720kbps 3.6Mbps 10.8Mbps

„ HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM,

3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology
„ In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channel
condition
UE Categories

HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH Inter-TTI Modulation Max Peak

Category Max Number Min Interval Rate
Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps
Category 2 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps
Category 3 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8 Mbps
Category 4 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8 Mbps
Category 5 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 Mbps
Category 6 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 Mbps
Category 7 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3 Mbps
Category 8 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3 Mbps
Category 9 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 10.2 Mbps
Category 10 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 14.4 Mbps
Category 11 5 2 QPSK only 0.9 Mbps
Category 12 5 1 QPSK only 1.8 Mbps

• QPSK mandatory for HSDPA capable UE

• 16-QAM optional
UE Capabilities and Max Bit Rates
Category 6 UE CQI Mapping Table
CQI HS-PDSCH RLC
Modulation
Value Number Throughput
0 out of range
1 1 0 kbps QPSK
2 1 0 kbps QPSK
3 1 0 kbps QPSK
4 1 0 kbps QPSK
5 1 144 kbps QPSK
6 1 144 kbps QPSK
7 2 144 kbps QPSK
8 2 288 kbps QPSK
9 2 288 kbps QPSK
10 3 432 kbps QPSK
11 3 576 kbps QPSK
12 3 720 kbps QPSK
13 4 864 kbps QPSK
14 4 1008 kbps QPSK
15 5 1296 kbps QPSK
16 5 1440 kbps 16-QAM
... ... ... ...
29 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM Target BLER ≤ 10%
30 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM
HARQ Technology
Advantage: improve transferring reliability F
Disadvantage: lower utilization in bad E H
channel state Combine FEC and ARQ, each
C A sending packet includes error
Advantage: good performance in A R detection bit and error correction bit
lower Bit Error Rate (BER)
R Q
Disadvantage: bad performance in
high BER Q
Send Receive Send Receive
Packet A Packet A

Discard Reserve
Resend
Error packet A Resent data
whole packet
Error packet A

Lower efficiency Packet A

Packet A Longer time delay missing data

Higher efficiency Packet A

Shorter time delay missing
Packet A data

Packet B Packet B
Soft combination
HARQ phase I HARQ phase II, III
（Resending is in RNC，R99） （Resending is in Node B, HSDPA）
Multiple HARQ Processes

UE HARQ
Category Processes
Soft Bits
HSDSCH Combining Category 1 2
Category 2 2
Category 3 3
Category 4 3
Category 5 6
Retransmission Soft Bits
Combining Category 6 6
Management
Category 7 6
HARQ Category 8 6
HARQ
Category 9 6
HARQ
HARQ Category 10 6
Soft Bits
HARQ Category 11 3
Combining
HARQ Category 12 6
HARQ
HARQ
Stop And Wait Principles
HARQ Wait for Transmission

UE is Scheduled
TB HARQ
Update RV Parameters
TB HARQ

Transmit Data
HSDSCH

Wait for ACK/NACK Reception

Insert DTX
ACK ACK/NACK/DTX? DTX
Indication

NACK
ACK/NACK
Reset & Free
Nret = Nret + 1
HARQ Process

YES Nret > Nret_max NO

 HARQ Types
HARQ Blocks Decoding
New Block NO Deliver to Upper Layer

Combine Error?
RVBlocks YES Update RV Database

DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA

Combining
Chase

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

DATA DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 DATA4

Redundancy
Incremental

Combining

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)
Q Q

1011 1001 0001 0011 1110 0110 0100 1100

1010 1000 0000 0010 1010 0010 0000 1000

b=0 b=1
I I
1110 1100 0100 0110 1011 0011 0001 1001

1111 1101 0101 0111 1111 0111 0101 1101

Q Q

1000 1010 0010 0000 0010 1010 1000 0000

1001 1011 0011 0001 0110 1110 1100 0100

b=2 b=3
I I
1101 1111 0111 0101 0111 1111 1101 0101

1100 1110 0110 0100 0011 1011 1001 0001

 Quick Scheduling
HS-PDSCH
UE A
TTI1

TTI2 TTI3 UE B
TTI1 TTI2 TTI3
Node B TTI3
TTI2
UE C
Diagram based on time and code channel scheduling

TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI 4

Scheduling principle:
„ Fair scheduling algorithm Round Robin
5 codes

CDM
(RR)
„ Maximum C/I scheduling algorithm (Max
C/I)
„ Proportional fair algorithm (PF)
TDM
Quick Scheduling
HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI) Quick channel feedback
HSDPA channel
1 TS = 2560 Chip
feedback time delay
is about 8.5 TS

HS-SCCH HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH
With quick channel
feedback, HSDPA
2 TS 7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip N TS
can suitably adjust
TTI Channel feedback coding rate, codes,
Standard Remark
(ms) time delay (ms) modulation, etc. in
R99 10 100 (at least) time according to
Supports continuous the channel state
HSDPA 2 5.67 feedback, R5 also
supports 10ms TTI
Quick Scheduling
Scheduling policy
Every user get equal service time, but the traffic
Time fairness maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the
lowest traffic

Every user get the same traffic, but the time

Traffic fairness maybe not equal, has the lower utility of system
resource because it will schedule the UE with
bad channel state

Only the user in best channel state (biggest C/I)

Max-C/I will get the service priority in each turn, the
biggest traffic but has the worst fairness

Proportional fairness Weighted compromise of above algorithms and

has bigger system traffic and better service
fairness
Advantage of HSDPA
Comparing item R99/R4 HSDPA
System capacity
2.668 14.4
(Mbps)
Spectrum efficiency
537.6 2795.2
(Kbit/(MHz*Cell))
Inter-frequency hard HO
Intra-frequency soft HO
System handover Only hard handover
Intra-frequency softer HO
Inter-system HO (GSM)
Open loop, Close loop (Inner loop, HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC
Power control
Outer loop) PC, Quick, Slow PC or even no power control
Modulation QPSK QPSK, 16QAM
Link adaptive AMC, HARQ, Short TTI and
Quick PC and soft HO
technology Quick channel feedback
MAC-hs N/A For faster scheduling

HSDPA R99/R4
Provides various speed Adjust power to
with stable power guarantee service speed
(stable power, (stable speed,
adjustable speed) adjustable power)