LTE Network Overview

Course Objects

After the course, you will:

 Know Mobile Network Evolution
 Know LTE Protocol Standard
 Master the LTE Architecture
 Understand LTE Key Technology
 Master each element’s Function
 Understand LTE Communication Procedure
 Know ZTE LTE Solution
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
Drivers of Mobile Network Evolution

Big Profitability
Transition

User
Experience/
Dependency

Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication

Evolution Trend of Mobile Technology
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3..9G

EDGE E-EDGE

GSM GPRS LTE

HSPA+/
R7

WCDMA HSDPA/ HSUPA/ FDD

NMTS
R99 R5 R6
4G
MBMS IMT-Advanced
Likely
TACS
OFDMA
TD-SCDMA Based
R4
HSPA MC-HSPA TDD
Technology
AMPS MBMS

CDMA CDMA 2000 EV-DO EV-DO

IS95 UMB
2000 1X-ED-DO Rev. A Rev. B
X
802.16d 802.16e 802.16m
?

 Multi-Standards Coexist : OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO, basic technologies in different standards, are
employed in multi wireless access technology.
 Multi-frequency Coexistence: More frequency bands are available and standardized.
 Mobile Broadband: Increase spectrum utilization; reduce the cost of wireless data services; ready for
multimedia-based services.
Evolution of Speed
What is LTE?
Why LTE

 LTE: Long Term Evolution

 Why LTE?

 To get more competition power.

 To cope with the pressure from Wimax.

 To be prepared for 4G.

Why LTE-- LTE Enriches the Mobile Services
Mobile Broadband Changes the Future Life

 Video Sharing
 Mobile Email
 Video Blog
 Netmeeting
 Video Chat
 HD Video
Conference  Information

 Video on  Mobile
Demand Shopping
 Online Game  Mobile Bank
 HD video  Mobile Stock
streanming

LTE improves user experience by high capacity,

quick response, high data-rate and better QoS.
Why LTE--LTE Improves Broadband Applications

Live Video/ Video Blogging

Online Gaming <50 ms Latency DL 6-8Mbps/UL 2Mbps

Permanent Sync. HD Video Streaming (720i or 1080i)

DL/UL 1-2Mbps DL 6-10Mbps
Why LTE-- LTE Benefits for Operators and Users
User Experience →ARPU Investment Protection

Throughput Latency Reuse of

 Sites and
infrastructure
 Backhauling
 Frequency bands
HSPA LTE HSPA LTE

Low Cost per Mbps Scalable bandwidth

Optimized spectrum usage

cost per Mbps

3G HSPA HSPA+ LTE

Technologies’ Comparison
HSPA+ LTE
802.16e (WiMAX)
FEATURE

TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

MIMO 64QAM MIMO 64QAM DL TDD SC-FDMA

BW: 1.25 ~ 20MHz 16QAM UL MIMO 64QAM

BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 |15| 20MHz

DATA RATE

42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL
63.36Mbps DL 2*2 20MHz
2*2 5MHz
2*2 10MHz

28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

5MHz 2*2 20MHz
2*2 10MHz
STANDARD

2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

3G spectrum
New spectrum 3G spectrum
New spectrum
Organizations Leading in LTE Ecosystem

NGMN

3GPP LSTI
Standard
Evolution on LTE
Evolution on LTE
LTE Frequency and Bandwidth
E-UTRAN Band UL: eNode B receive, UE transmit DL: eNode B transmit, UE receive Duplex
Mode
F UL_low – F UL_high F DL_low – F DL_high
1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz – 1755 MHz 2110 MHz – 2155 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz FDD
6 830 MHz – 840 MHz 875 MHz – 885 MHz FDD
7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD
8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz – 1879.9 MHz FDD
10 1710 MHz – 1770 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz – 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz – 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 [TBD] – [TBD] [TBD] – [TBD] FDD
13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz FDD
14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz FDD
...
33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD
35 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz TDD
36 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz TDD
37 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz TDD
38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
39 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz TDD
40 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz TDD
Key Requirements
Enhanced
Coverage

Peak Data Rate

Enhanced
Spectrum DL：100Mbps
Efficiency
UL：50Mbps

Less Latency
Variety of CP：100ms
Bandwidth
UP：5ms

Less OPEX
and CAPEX
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
LTE/SAE System Architecture Evolution
PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server

GERAN
MME: Mobile Management Entity

SGSN HSS
UTRAN

S3 S6a

S1-MME

MME PCRF
S4 S7 Rx+
S11

S10
LTE-Uu
S5 SGi
Serving PDN Operator's IP Services
UE E-UTRAN
S1-U
Gateway Gateway (e.g. IMS
etc.)
E-UTRAN Structure
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

 Mobility Management
EPC  Serving Gateway

S1  Interface between
EPS MME/SGW & eNodeB
eNodeB
RNC
E- Node B eNodeB
X2 X2
UTRAN
X2

eNodeB eNodeB
+ =

 Interface between
eNodeBs

 Only one Node in E-UTRAN – eNodeB  Flexible band width

 Evolved Packet Core – EPC  Higher spectrum efficiency
 Evolved Packet System – EPS  High peak rate, Lower latency
EUTRAN/EPC Function Module
eNB

Inter Cell RRM

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

Radio Admission Control MME

eNB Measurement
NAS Security
Configuration & Provision

Dynamic Resource Idle State Mobility

Allocation (Scheduler) Handling

RRC PDCP SAE Bearer Control

RLC
SAE Gateway
MAC
S1
PHY Mobility Anchoring
internet

E-UTRAN EPC
eNodeB Function

Radio Resource Management

Compression and encryption

Selection MME

Routing

eNodeB Scheduling and transmission

Measurement and measurement reporting

CSG handling
MME Function

NAS signalling

AS Security control

Idle mode UE Reachability

Tracking Area list management

PDN GW/Serving GW/MME/SGSN

MME Roaming

Authentication
SGW Function

Mobility anchoring

E-UTRAN idle mode downlink packet

buffering and initiation

Lawful Interception

Packet routeing and forwarding

SGW
Transport level packet marking

UL and DL charging per UE, PDN

PDN GW Function

Per-user based packet filtering

Lawful Interception

UE IP address allocation

Transport level packet marking in the

downlink

UL and DL service level charging, gating

PDN GW and rate enforcement;

DL rate enforcement based on AMBR

Compare the Architecture of LTE with 3G
Flat and IP-based Network Architecture for LTE

WCDMA/HSPA LTE Flat Structure Without RNC

MSCS
•Less investment
GGSN
MME x-GW
HLR PCRF
HSS •Easy maintenance

SGSN
EPC •Reduce transmission
MGW

RNC RNC delay

IP Backbone •Better reliability

IP Backbone

Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

MME/x-GW
Integrates CN & partial
RNC functions

eNode B
Flat network structure and IP-based network can reduce Full function of Node B
the TCO of LTE network. and major function of
RNC
Protocol Architecture--Protocol Stack

MME

UE eNB NAS

S1AP
NAS
APP SCTP
RRC RRC S1AP X2AP
IP
PDCP PDCP SCTP

RLC RLC IP
SGW
MAC MAC GTPU
GTPU
PHY PHY UDP
UDP

IP

signal flow
data flow
Protocol Architecture—Control Plane

UE eNB MME

NAS NAS

RRC RRC

PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY
Protocol Architecture—User Plane

UE eNB

PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
LTE Frame Structure—Type 1: FDD

Channel bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Resource block number (FDD mode) 6 15 25 50 75 100

 LTE Frame Structure—Type 2: TDD
One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame, 153600Ts = 5 ms

Ts=1/(15000*2048)s

One slot,
Tslot=15360Ts 30720Ts

Subframe #0 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4 Subframe #5 Subframe #7 Subframe #8 Subframe #9

One subframe,
30720Ts

DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS

LTE Frame Structure—Type 2: TDD

Normal cyclic prefix Extended cyclic prefix

Configuration
DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS

0 3 10 3 8
1 9 4 8 3 1 OFDM
1 OFDM
2 10 3 9 2 symbols
symbols
3 11 2 10 1
4 12 1 3 7
5 3 9 8 2 2 OFDM
symbols
6 9 3 2 OFDM 9 1
7 10 2 symbols - - -
8 11 1 - - -
LTE Frame Structure—Type 2: TDD
Uplink-downlink Downlink-to-Uplink
configuration Switch-point
periodicity
0 5 ms
1 5 ms
2 5 ms
3 10 ms
4 10 ms
5 10 ms
6 5 ms
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
D S U U U D S U U U
D S U U D D S U U D
D S U D D D S U D D
D S U U U D D D D D
D S U U D D D D D D
D S U D D D D D D D
D S U U U D S U U D
LTE Physical Resource Allocation: RE/RB
One downlink slot Tslot

DL
N symb OFDM symbols

k  N RB
DL RB
N sc 1

Resource block
DL
N symb  N sc
RB
resource elements
 N scRB subcarriers

N scRB subcarriers

Resource element (k , l )
DL
N RB

k 0

l 0 l  DL
N symb 1
LTE Physical Resource Allocation: RE/RB

One resource block

Nsymb  NscRBresource element

one s
lot, N
symb
ol 个
符号

N scRB 个子载波, 180kHz

LTE Radio Transmission Schemes

OFDMA: SC-FDMA:
 Widely known and used in WiMAX,  Not known from other standards yet
WLAN, DVB  Benefits:
 Benefits:  Technically similar to OFDMA
 Robustness against multi-path  Low peak-to-average ratio (PAR)
fading enables improved power amplifier
 Optimum use of available efficiency and battery life
spectrum
 Efficient receiver architecture
OFDM Technology
DFT-spread OFDM
 OFDMA: Downlink Multiple Access
System Bandwidth

Sub-carriers

Sub-frame

Frequency

Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3
 Up to 64 QAM can be used
 Resistance to multi-path interference by Cyclic Prefix
 Friendly to MIMO
 SC-FDMA: Uplink Multiple Access

System Bandwidth

Single Carrier
Sub-frame

Frequency

Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3

 Up to 64 QAM can be used

 Single carrier modulation achieves lower Peak to Average
0 Ratio (PAPR)
 FDMA is efficiently achieved through FFT operation
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA

Xn N-point Subcarrier M-point Add CP /

DAC/RF
DFT Mapping IDFT PS

Xk ～ ～ Channel
Xl Xm
Subcarrier
N-point De- M-point Remove
Detect RF/ADC
IDFT mapping/ DFT CP
Equalization

OFDMA

Xn Subcarrier M-point Add CP /

DAC/RF
Mapping IDFT PS

Xk ～ ～ Channel
Xl Xm
Subcarrier
De- M-point Remove
Detect RF/ADC
mapping/ DFT CP
Equalization
MIMO Technology
Scenarios of Different MIMO Modes in LTE

1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port Correspond to Single Antenna Port

2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity Provide Diversity Against Fading

3 Mode 3 Open Loop Spatial multiplexing High Mobility Environment

4 Mode 4 Closed-Loop Spatial multiplexing Improve Peak data rates

5 Mode 5 MU-MIMO Improve system Capacity

6 Mode 6 Codebook Beam Forming

Improve cell Coverage and
Suppress Interference
7 Mode 7 Non Codebook Beam Forming
 SO
Co
N MV S
& nfig elf
S e ur
En R
ab lf at
le Te ion
r& st
O
pt

SON
im
H Sel
ea f Se izat
lf io
lin n
g

D
Sm et S
er el
ar
t m f
in
at
io
n

A
SON

A
ut da
om pt
at io
io n
n
SON Functions, Features and Targets
SON Use Cases Based on Function
1：Location, capacity and 1：NCL optimisation
coverage 2：Interference control
2：Planning radio para. 3：Handover parameter
3：Planning transport para. optimsation
4：Setup of security tunnel 4：QoS parameters
5：Node authentication optimisation
6：HW setup and SW 5：Load balancing

n
O
download 6：RACH load

io
ig f

Se izat
pt
nf Sel
at

im
optimisation

lf io
ur
7：Automatic Inventory
8：Self test
Co

n
SON
1：Fault management

ea f
M

H Sel
g
2：Cell/service outage

lin
V

detection & compensation

R

1：Standardize S1/X2/itf-S
2：Network Sharing 3：Mitigation of unit
outgage
SON Use Cases Based on Project
Planning Deployment

Operation Optimisation
SON Architectures

SON SON
OAM
OAM OAM

SON SON SON SON

eNodeB eNodeB
eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB

Cell A Cell B Cell A Cell B Cell A Cell B

Centralized SON Distributed SON Hybrid SON

Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
Cell Search
UE eNodeB

Primary Synchronization Signal

3 possible sequences to identify the

cell’s physical layer cell identity(0,1,2)

Secondary Synchronization Signal

168 different sequences to identify

physical layer cell identity group

Reference Signal
Channel estimation, BCH antenna configuration

PBCH

System bandwidth, PHICH configuration, SFN…

Random Access
Sent on PRACH Sent on DL-SCH
resources associated UE eNodeB with RA-RNTI;
with RA-RNTI assignment of
Random Access Preamble Temporary C-RNTI,
1 Timing Advance,
Sent on PRACH with RA-RNTI
initial uplink grant
Sent on UL-SCH; Random Access Response
includes NAS UE ID 2
and RRC connection RAP sent on PDSCH, addressed by
PDCCH using RA-RNTI Sent on DL-SCH;
request
Early Contention
Scheduled Transmission Resolution
3 (mirroring of uplink
Data sent on PUSCH
message)
Contention resolution
4
CR sent on PDSCH, addressed
by PDCCH using TC/C-RNTI
UE Attach Process
UE eNB MME
MSG1

MSG2-Random Access Response

RRC Connection Request

RRC Connection Setup

RRC Connection Setup Complete(include Attach

request message) INITIAL UE MESSAGE（include Attach
request message）

Identity/Authentication/Security

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST（include

Attach Accept，Activate default EPS bearer context
request message）
UE Capability Enquiry

UE Capability Information
UE CAPABILITY INFO INDICATION
Security Mode Command

Security Mode Complete

RRCConnectionReconfiguration(include Attach
accept，Activate default EPS bearer context
request message)

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE

ULInformationTransfer(include Attach Complete,
Activate default EPS bearer context accept)
UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT(include Attach Complete,
Activate default EPS bearer context accept)
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
 Antenna Solution
 Terminal Solution
Full Series LTE Product Line
WITH VOICE
LTE TERMINAL SOLUTION

SINGLE RAN &

LTE ACCESS PLUS

MICROWAVE
LTE TRANSPORT

uMAC
LTE CORE
xGW
ZTE Unified Radio Sub-System Platform
One Network Target

GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA TD-SCDMA CDMA2000 WiMAX LTE

GSM/EDGE

ZTE Universal SDR Platform UMTS/HSPA

LTE

Distributed IntegratedUniversal
RRU
RRU
RSU Features

 MicroTCA architecture
 Multi-Standard support
 Baseband sharing and
BBU
software configurable
 RRU sharing and
BBU
software configurable

Future-Proof Platform with Smooth Evolution Support

GSM/LTE Dual-mode System to Co-existence
with UMTS
ZTE SDR Platform
 09’ Q3 launch GSM LTE
 LTE hardware ready
 Cost effective solution

GSM/LTE Dual-mode Platform

+10 years GSM system G/L dual-mode LTE system

1. Replace by GSM/LTE 2. Software upgrade

dual-mode system
UMTS/LTE Dual-mode System to Prove
Future Evolution
UMTS/LTE System UMTS/LTE System
Existed GSM system
GSM System

2. GSM replace by
U/L system
1. Build a new UMTS/LTE
dual-mode system

3. Software upgrade

LTE system

UMTS LTE

UMTS/LTE dual-mode Platform

ZTE SDR Based Uni-RAN Solution

GSM & WCDMA CN

IP based LTE
& SAE
BSC/RNC backhaul
RRU@2.6GHz

LTE & UMTS

S1 Iub/Abis

LTE, GSM, UMTS

Baseband Unit
RRU @2.1GHz

LTE & GSM

 Distributed system
RRU @900/1800MHz
architecture
 Multimode operation
 ZTE Unified O&M Solution
NMS/OSS/ 3rd Party
BSS
NMS/OSS/BSS

EMS CORBA SNMP FILE ASCII DB

FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM

Fault Performance Configuration

NetNumenTM M31 Management Management Management

Accounting SON Security

Management Functions Management

Inventory System Topology

Management Management Management

NE

BSS UTRAN EPS TD-SCDMA WiMAX

Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
 Antenna Solution
 Terminal Solution
ZTE All-around LTE Solution

UE E-UTRAN EPC

HSS PCRF
Handset Rural

Transmission
Network
IMS
Dense Hot-
Urban
Express
Urban spot
card Suburban Home Internet
eNodeB
MME/SGW PGW

USB
dongle

B8200+ B8300+
CPE BS8800 BS8900 Femto ENB
R8860 Micro/Pico RRU
LTE Backhaul Transmission Bandwidth
Requirement
S1_MME
ePC
eNB
MME
S1_MME

S11
X2_U
X2_C
S1_U
S-GW

eNB S1_U

O&M i/f

O&M i/f O&M

System
HKCSL LTE Trial Network Architecture
To GE
Internet
BMI BPO
2/3G 2/3G
BMP core core
xGW 7609
MME 6513
Fiber 6513 6513 6513 6513
OAM switch 01 02 01 02

Server
(FTP, 8902 8902 … 8902 8902 8902 8902 … 8902 8902
WWW) 01 02 91 92 01 02 91 92

LTE core site

TRAXC
NWT WTT HGC
OMM

eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB

HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Requirement
HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Solution
GE BMI

To 2/3G core
router
Internet xGW

MME
Fiber
6513 6513
OAM switch 01 02

Server
(FTP, IEEE1588v2 8902 8902 … 8902 8902
WWW) Grand Master 01 02 91 92

Server
LTE core site

L2 service
provider
Service COS tag Service COS tag DSCP
UMTS/GSM signal 7 UMTS/GSM signal 7 high
UMTS/GSM VoIP/conference 6 UMTS/GSM VoIP/conference 6 high
UMTS/GMS stream media 5 UMTS/GMS stream media 5 high
UMTS/GSM WWW/FTP 4 UMTS/GSM WWW/FTP 4 middle
UMTS/GSM best effort 3 UMTS/GSM best effort 3 middle
LTE signal 2 ZXR2818s LTE signal 2 low
LTE VoIP/stream 1 LTE VoIP/stream 1 low
LTE background 0 LTE background 0 low

eNB UMTS GSM

HKCSL LTE Trial Security Solution

AAA Server
DHCP Server
xGW

Secure domain
IP/MPLS
xGW
SR SR xGW

Security gateway

DPI

802.1x Access Authentication

IPSec ACL
Traffic Injection Policing

Non-secure
e-NB e-NB e-NB e-NB e-NB
domain
HKCSL LTE Trial DHCP server Deployment

xGW
DHCP Server
MME
DHCP
request
OAM
Router DHCP Relay

LTE Core site

GE Multicast flow
DHCP request
Unicast flow

L2 service provider
DHCP reply

eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB

Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
 Antenna Solution
 Terminal Solution
Scheme
1:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100+LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

2.6GHz LTE involved

1800/2100
combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU
Scheme
2:GSM900+GSM1800+UMTS2100/LTE1800
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

1.8GHz LTE involved

Tips : intra-band
combination lead around 3
db loss
1800/2100
combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 1800M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU
Scheme3:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100
+ LTE1800 /LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

2.6GHz LTE and 1.8GHz co-

site

1800/2100 1800/2600
combiner combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 1800M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU RRU
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
 Antenna Solution
 Terminal Solution
IOT with third part
ES FPGA IOT test
FFA(2.6GHz)
(700MHz) (ongoing)

Sept.09 Oct.09 Apr.10

09 Dec. IOT start

(2.6GHz)
10.Mar. IOT start
(1.8GHz)

N 09 Oct. PHY IOT

(2.6GHz)
09 Dec. L1/L2/L3 IOT
(2.6GHz)

S1/S11 IOT
C (2.6GHz)
Nov.09

09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3