PAVING

INTRODUCTION
PAVERS
Pavement is an outdoor floor or superficial surface
covering.

Comes from Latin Pavimentum meaning a beaten down

floor .

Used in sidewalks, road surfaces, patios, courtyards,

etc.

Common materials used - Asphalt, concrete, stone,

bricks, tiles and wood.

Pavement laid in patterns such as mosaics are

COMMON TYPES OF PAVERS
1. NATURAL STONE PAVERS
1. Ideal paving material.

2. The stones from quarries are cut into the desired shape.

3. Durable and strong.

4. Gives a rustic and natural appeal.

5. Bluestones, limestones, granite, marble, etc are

commonly used.
2. CONCRETE PAVERS
1. Most sought after pavers by contractors, designers,
etc.

2.It is extremely sturdy and can withstand harsh

weather conditions without cracking.

3.Easy to repair and replace damaged pavers.

2. CONCRETE PAVERS
4 .Also well-liked for it s easy installation and low
maintenance.

5. Non-skid and highly load tolerant.

6. Available in different colors and patterns.

7. Commonly used on walkways, driveways and

near pools.
3. CLAY BRICK PAVERS
1.Made from natural clay that is fired in a kiln at
extremely high temperature.
2.Bricks are naturally colored so they retain their
color.
3.It may chip or crack over time, but they last for
generations.
3. CLAY BRICK PAVERS
4.Requires less maintenance.
5.Have a distinct edge in look and style.
6.Eco-friendly, bricks are frequently savaged,
cleaned and reused, making them a sustainable
choice
4. RUBBER PAVERS
1.Environmentally friendly material.
2.Made from recycled tires.
3.Is very cost effective, easy to install and has
a non slip surface.
4.Used for stables, sporting arenas and
gymnasiums.
5.GRASS PAVERS
1.Permeable paver- allows water to escape
through grids and soak back into the soil.
2.Expensive.
3.Involves use of plastic honeycomb grid like
system.
 INTERLOCKING PAVERS
1.Most prized paving and landscape materials
available.

2.Can be easily installed, replaced or maintained

which makes them very cost-effective.

3.Most important characteristic- rigidity and

sturdiness.

4.Can withstand constant freeze-thaw conditions

as well as heavy loads.
INTERLOCKING PAVERS
5.Permeable interlocking pavers
ensure significantly reduced storm
water run-off.

6.Stabilizes loose soil- makes them

environment friendly.

7.Comes in different designs,

textures and colors.
How are pavers laid?

1. PREPARE THE BASE.

(a) Excavation of the existing sub-
grade: All unsuitable, unstable, or
unconsolidated sub-grade materials
are removed.
How are pavers laid?
(b)Compacting the base: The
excavated site is then filled with
the appropriate paver material. (
Commonly used materials are
crushed stones such as gravel or
limestone)
How are pavers laid?

2. SAND BEDDING
❏ The pavers are set in a bed of
sand.

❏ 1” of clean, sharp concrete

sand is then laid.
 How are pavers laid?

3.EDGE RESTRAINT.
❏ Avoids lateral movement of
pavers and sand bedding.

❏ Can be either the existing hard

edge of the house, vinyl molded
restraint or a concrete restraint.
How are pavers laid?
4.LAYING THE PAVERS
❏ The pavers are laid on the
bedding sand and fit them
into the desired area.

❏ The pavers may have to be

trimmed near the edge
restraint.
How are pavers laid?
5.VIBRATING THE PAVERS
❏ Once the entire paver field
have been placed, a vibrator
plate compactor is run over it
to interlock the pavers.
How are pavers laid?
6.SANDING THE PAVERS
❏ The interlocking process further
involves working sand down
between the paver joints to
achieve the final lock-up .
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE BLOCKS
❏ Cast in situ concrete block pavement consists of interlocked
concrete blocks formed by placing zero lump concrete into
the formwork of polyethylene cells placed over a compacted
subgrade and compacted with a roller.

❏ The blocks were tested and it was found that the blocks
became interlocked and the pavement displayed a very little
amount of rutting.
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE BLOCKS
Three methods can be used for construction of cast-in situ
concrete blocks in the field:

TYPE 1

❏ Single size aggregates are filled into the cells and compacted
by a static/vibratory roller. Cement sand grout is spread and
vibrated into the voids of the compacted aggregates.
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE BLOCKS
TYPE 2

❏ A low slump concrete mix OPC, sand and concrete having

optimum moisture content is filled into the plastic cells. The
concrete is compacted by a static/vibratory roller.

TYPE 3

❏ A high slump concrete with super plasticizer, is filled into the

cells whose walls are initially deformed to ensure
interlocking.
VACUUM DEWATERED FLOORING
❏ VDF Flooring is a special flooring technique to achieve high
strength, longer life and better finish.

❏ It is a system for laying high quality concrete floor and

dewatering the concrete by Vacuum process.

❏ The surplus water from the concrete is removed immediately

after placing and vibration thereby reducing the
water:cement ratio to the optimum level.
TRIMIX FLOOR MACHINE
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