FLOOR FINISHES

03-10-2017
A. Kavyashree
Abhishek Sipani
Abitha George Thomas
Adhya SR
Aditi KY
Aishwarya B
Aishwarya Bijanki
Agenda

 Introduction
 Types and Characteristics of Materials
 Fixing Details
 Rates of Materials
 Market Survey
 Conclusion
Introduction
Floor finishing or flooring is defined as the permanent covering of a
floor
However, this term should not be confused with “floor covering” as
that defines a loose layer added over the finished floor like carpets
and rugs
We need floor finishing because the floor surfaces need to function
as a working space with long durability and less wear and tear
Function of the floor, price, maintenance and comfort are the factors
influencing the choice of floor material

www.en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/flooring

www.frontdesk.co.in/forum
Types Of Flooring Materials
 Concrete Flooring (Vacuum Dewatered)
 Terrazzo (marble chips) Flooring
 Ceramic Tiles
 Vinyl Flooring
 Carpet
 Stone Flooring
 Wood
 Rubber Flooring
 Linoleum Flooring
 Terracotta Tiles
Concrete Flooring
Concrete flooring is extremely tough and resilient
and is able to withstand the pressure from very
heavy equipment
It is such a popular material for hard working
commercial areas such as garages and
warehouses.
In most cases, a concrete subfloor already exists
beneath another flooring material
A sealed and properly maintained concrete floor
can last indefinitely
Drawback of concrete floors is that it does not
tend to retain heat very well.
If not properly sealed on both top and bottom
surfaces, concrete will be very susceptible to
penetration by moisture
https://www.thespruce.com/in-depth-look-at-concrete-flooring-1314684
Concrete Flooring - VDF
The Vacuum Dewatered Flooring or
VDF Flooring is a system for laying
high quality concrete floors
Here, excess water from the
concrete is removed immediately
after placing and vibration, thereby
reducing the water: cement ratio to
the optimum level.
This is achieved through the use of
the tremix system, which consists
of the double beam screed vibrator,
groove cutting machine, power
floater cum trowel and the vacuum
pump
http://safariequipments.co.in/tremix-system/
Terrazzo Flooring
Terrazzo is one of the oldest types of
decorative flooring systems which is cement
based
It is made by embedding small pieces of
marble or granite in mortar, followed by
polishing
The thin set epoxy terrazzo has a thickness
of only 6mm-7mm as opposed to traditional
terrazzo which has a thickness of 50mm-
70mm
The precast tiles are applied over a solid
concrete slab topped by a sandy concrete
mixture and then all the tiles are tapped
down into place with the help of a weighted
roller
One of the major demerits of this flooring is
that it is easily subjected to wear and tear
which results in the chips falling out http://cdn.insideout.com.au/images/52612/tiles-
20160309170044~q75,dx800y
Ceramic Tiles
 Ceramic tile is made from natural clay, sand and water.
Porcelain tile is also made from clay but tends to be
made using denser types of clay than ceramic.
 Vitrified tile is a ceramic tile with very low
permeability. Vitrified tiles are often used outdoors.
There are four types of Vitrified tiles - Soluble salt,
Double charge, Full Body, Glazed.
◦ Soluble salt vitrified tiles are screen printed and
polished.
◦ Double charge vitrified tiles are fed through a press
that prints the pattern with a double layer of pigment,
3 to 4 mm thicker than other types of tile.
◦ Full body vitrified tiles have pigment in entire body
(thickness) of the tile.
◦ Glazed vitrified tiles (GVT) have a glazed surface
ttps://www.thespruce.com/ceramic-flooring-pros-and-cons-1314687
Vinyl Flooring
3 basic categories to vinyl sheeting- homogenous, inlaid
and layered composite.
Composite manufacture begins with fibrous backing
sheets, generally fibre glass. Coated with multiple layers
of polyurethade
Suitable for kitchens and bathrooms (wet rooms) and
also for sports flooring
There are 2 types of vinyl flooring:
Sheet Vinyl Flooring:
Large, continuous flexible sheets
Impermeable to water unlike vinyl flooring tile
Cheap, easier to install, durable and available in many
patterns
Vinyl Composition Tile:
Commercial and institutional applications
Used for high traffic areas because of its low cost,
durability and ease of maintenance
High resilience to abrasion, impact damage
Stone Flooring
Types of stones used for flooring are slate, limestone,
maybe, granite, sandstone and travertine
Marble is heavy and the larger sheets tend to be rather
fragile.
Granite is a hard-edged stone. Employing locally
available stone cuts transportation costs and makes it
easy on the purse
Slate is a handsome porous stone. It is easy to cut and
to make into sheets. slate works well in both dry and
wet areas of the house. It has a stain-resistant surface
Limestone is naturally porous and soft. Cuddapah,
commonly known as black limestone, is found
abundantly in Andhra Pradesh. It is impervious and hard.
Sandstone is a widely prevalent stone in India with large
variations in colour and grain. Highly durable and warm.
Travertine is a cousin of limestone that is lighter on the
pocket. These floors are highly porous and do not heat
up easily. http://www.mpgstone.com/natural-stone-floor.html
Wood
Types of wood flooring are- laminated,
grooves, parquet and real wood
Wooden floors are durable to a certain
extent (5-6 years on average)
These floors act as very good
insulators
One of the major demerits of this
flooring is that wood should not come
into contact with water, hence cannot
be used in bathrooms and kitchens
Wood is more expensive than most
other tiling options such as ceramics
and terracotta and requires skilled
laborers for installation
http://homeinternetcareerss.com/images/9918/parquet-wood-
flooring-clear-hardwood-parquet-flooring-floors.jpg
Rubber
Rubber flooring is a specialty flooring option
designed to add padding and spring underfoot
There are made of either natural tree rubber or
synthetic materials
We can count on its resistance for any slipping
or impact that could occur
It is the most suitable flooring material for
spaces such as children’s playgrounds
Rubber flooring also comes in many patterns and
colours
The two types of installation are-
• Interlocking tiles
• Square edge tiles

http://architectureideas.info/2015/01/rubber-resilient-flooring/
Linoleum
Linoleum is a floor covering made from
renewable materials such as solidified linseed
oil, pine resin, ground cork dust, wood flour,
etc.
The 3 types of linoleum flooring are –
• Linoleum tile flooring – these tiles are
alternatives to ceramic tiles or stone. While
they may be installed over a pre-existing
floor, it is crucial that the floor is smooth
and level
• Sheet linoleum flooring – it is the most
popular variety of linoleum. It comes in a
wide range of colours and patterns
• Floating linoleum floors – Floating linoleum
floors are the best choice for those who
want to install floors themselves
Terracotta
Terracotta Flooring is been in households
since many decades
Terracotta tiles can be used interior,
exterior, balcony, veranda, swimming pool
decks, open terrace etc.
This material is one of the cheapest
flooring options
This material is highly porous and need
larger distance between two tiles while
laying them
There are two types –
• Flat terracotta tiles
• Weatherproof tiles

www.btiles.com
Fixing Details
Fixing details of ceramic tiles/terracotta tiles/stone
flooring
 Preparation of substrate
 Plan layout
 Cutting tiles/stone slab
 Applying adhesive
 Laying tiles/ slab
 Grout the joints
Fixing Details
Fixing details of terrazzo flooring
Laying of concrete bed
Laying of mortar
Laying of metal dividing strips
Placing of terrazzo mixture
Grounding/finishing
Wax glazed top

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrazzo
Fixing Details
Fixing of vinyl/rubber sheet
Preparation of subfloor
Unroll (and acclimate flooring if vinyl)
Cut sheet according to dimension of room
Installation of flooring
 Loose lay foundation
 Semi loose foundation
 Glued installation (not for rubber)
 Finishing
Fixing Details
Fixing details of vinyl tiles/linoleum ties/rubber
tiles
Level the floor
Acclimate flooring
Mark centre of room
Dry fit the tile
Spread adhesive using trowel
Cut the tiles to fit the edges of the room (+75mm)
Cover the edges
Roll over the floor
Fixing Details
Installation of wooden flooring
Shop Survey
BRAND TYPE SIZE
250mm x 250mm x 22mm
Terrazzo 300mm x 300mm x 25mm

300mm x 300mm x 25mm

Terrazzo 250mm x 250mm x 25mm

Vinyl Thickness: 6mm

Shanti Carpet Industries Sports Vinyl Thickness: 4mm

Shop Survey
BRAND TYPE SIZE
Zeal Interior & Wood 60mm x 900mm
Exterior
Fah Flooring Rubber
Thickness: 10mm, 15mm,
20mm
India
Thickness: 10mm, 15mm,
InnovBuild Linoleum 20mm

RK Tiles and Terracotta

230mm x 230mm x 8mm
250mm x 250mm x 12mm
Bricks
Stone 300mm x 300mm
Natural Stones 900mm x 600mm
600mm x 300mm
Shop Survey
BRAND TYPE SIZE
600mm x 600mm x 8mm
Ceramic 300mm x 300mm x 6mm

800mm x 800mm x 15mm

Ceramic 800mm x 600mm x 12mm

Ceramic 900mm x 300mm x 8mm

Ceramic
1000mm x 1000mm x 15mm
 Cost Survey
TYPE LABOR COST (per sq/feet) FINISHING COST (per sq/feet) MATERIAL COST (per sq/feet)
Concrete Rs. 50 - Rs. 100 Rs. 300 per bag
Terrazzo Rs. 30 Rs. 35 Rs. 25 - Rs. 36
Ceramic Rs. 25 Rs. 25 Rs. 30, Rs. 45, Rs. 120
Wooden Rs. 300 - Rs. 450 Rs. 35 Rs. 120
Stone (granite) Rs. 35 Rs. 30 Rs. 120 - Rs. 140
Marble Rs. 45 - Rs. 65 Rs. 40 - Rs. 50 Rs. 120 - Rs. 400
Vinyl Rs. 20 - Rs. 45 Rs. 30 Rs. 45 - Rs. 70
Rubber Rs. 20 - Rs. 45 Rs. 30 Rs. 90 - Rs. 160
Linoleum Rs. 20 - Rs. 45 Rs. 30 Rs. 100 - Rs. 200
Terracotta Rs. 15 Rs. 15 - Rs. 20 Rs. 10 - Rs. 45
Conclusion
When we are buying the materials, we must always adhere to the IS
codebook and check the materials for the same
The quality of the material should not be compromised upon, especially
when designing for floors with high traffic
For the installation, we must always refer to the manufacturer’s
instructions for best results