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LONGEVITY
Expemo code:
15Z9-93JD-FU3D
1 Warm-up
Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
6. wellbeing f. rich
LONGEVITY
Complete the average number of years that each of the following lifestyles and behaviours add to a
person’s life expectancy according to the ‘research’ in the article, and write down the reasons given:
a. Eating chocolate
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c. Keeping active
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d. University education (men)
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e. Education (women)
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f. Golf
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g. Not smoking
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h. Marriage (men)
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i. Marriage (women)
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j. Living in the right neighbourhood
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LONGEVITY
1.
New research shows exactly how many years longer 6.
Research at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden shows
people can live by adopting healthy behaviours - from that golfers live five years longer. The study shows
stopping smoking and losing weight to eating less a 40 per cent reduced risk of a premature end. The
meat and being positive. health benefits of exercise and companionship may
2.
Studies have suggested that dark chocolate is good be the reason.
for the heart and may boost longevity. Research 7.
Losing weight can add as much as seven years to a
based on Harvard graduates showed that people who person’s life. A team at Oxford University showed
eat chocolate lived a year or so longer than those that people who are obese at the age of 40 died, on
who do not. Those who ate one to three bars a average, seven years earlier.
month came out best with a 36 per cent lower risk 8.
Not smoking adds up to 10 years to life. A team at
of premature death. Antioxidants, especially in dark the University of Helsinki found that those who had
chocolate, may be responsible. never smoked lived an average 10 years longer than
3.
Diets with low levels of meat and vegetarian diets those who smoked more than 20 a day. Research
have been linked to lower risk of premature death. on men in New Zealand showed that 50 per cent
A review of research by public health specialists at of smokers die prematurely, and that they die 14
Loma Linda University in America looked at the life years earlier than non-smokers. Heart disease and
expectancy of those who rarely ate meat and found cancer are among the biggest killers. The good
that sticking to such a diet added 3.6 years to a news for smokers is that it is never too late to give
person’s life. The health effect may be due to lower up, According to the US National Institute on Drug
saturated fat intake and higher antioxidant levels as a Abuse, a 35-year-old man who quits smoking will
consequence of eating more fruit and vegetables. increase his life expectancy by 5.1 years on average.
4.
Moderate to high levels of activity can extend life by 9.
According to a Chicago University report, married
between 1.3 and 3.7 years. Researchers at Erasmus men live, on average, 10 years longer than non-
University in the Netherlands say the main reason is married men, while married women live about four
the beneficial effect that physical activity has on the years longer than non-married women. One theory is
heart. People who take exercise are also less likely to that married men adopt less risky and more healthy
be overweight and more likely to have a better quality lifestyles as a result of the commitment that marriage
of life. brings. Married women may live longer due to
5.
Highly educated women can expect to live more improved financial wellbeing. However, one Swiss
than five years longer than less-educated women, study found that being married shortens a woman’s
while men with a university degree have an extra 7.8 life by 1.4 years, possibly because of the stress of
years, according to a Harvard University study. One living with a man.
explanation is the adoption of healthier lifestyles, and 10.
Wealthy people live longer than the poor. One of
one of the biggest differences was in heart disease the clearest contrasts was found by Baltimore health
rates. officials in the US. In the poor neighbourhoods, the
average life expectancy was 63 years, against 83 in
wealthy suburbs.
LONGEVITY
4 Lifestyle phrases
Match the verbs on the left with the words on the right to form phrases from the text:
3. quit c. exercise
4. be d. married
5. lose e. positive
6. take f. smoking
7. get g. weight
The underlined structure is used for speculating on the reason for something. Find similar expressions
in paragraphs 3,4,5,6 and 9.
Complete the following sentences using the expressions from this exercise:
1. Research shows that older adults perform better at university than younger adults.
that older people tend to have more motivation because they have had to experience
life’s difficulties.
2. Road accidents tend to happen more often on Fridays than other days. This end-
of-week tiredness and heavy traffic.
3. Sharks do not often eat the humans that they attack. that the human body does
not provide the high-energy fat that sharks need.
4. James failed his driving test poor preparation.
5. Many people lose their memories when they get older. The loss of "synapses" or connections
between brain cells .
6. The average sea level around the world is rising. global warming.
7. Mark’s computer has been operating very slowly recently, a virus.
8. People from southern Europe are often very cheerful. the warm and sunny
weather.
9. Some people are obese despite not eating too much. Genetic factors .
10. The economy is doing badly this year the financial crisis.
LONGEVITY
6 Talking point