Additional Specifications - Standards - Industrial Unit for Inspection (I.U.

I)
Standard Document Reference: SDR- D3-M-2021-S2-02

• ASME B31.1 for Power Piping

• ASME B31.2 for Fuel Gas Piping
• ASME B31.3 for Process Piping
• ASME B31.4 for Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid
Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohols
• ASME B31.5 for Refrigeration Piping
• ASME B31.8 for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
• ASME B31.9 for Building Services Piping
• ASME B31.11 for Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

• API 570 Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair and
Alteration of Piping Systems.

• The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) has become a recognised
international standard for boilers and pressure vessels.

• API 510 - Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair,
and Alteration specified further pressure vessel inspection requirements.

• A widely used standard for heat exchangers comes from the Tubular Exchanger
Manufacturers Association (TEMA).

• Stacks where the supporting shell is made of steel are generally covered by ASME
STS-1-2011: Steel Stacks except stacks containing combustible gases under
pressure such as flare stacks.

• Storage tanks for the process-based industries usually use American Petroleum
Institute (API) standards including API-620 and API 650 for construction and
design and API 653 for inspection.

List of standards related to Corrosion:

• ASTM G46-94(2018), Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of

Pitting Corrosion, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018,
www.astm.org
• ASTM E3 - 11(2017) Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic
Specimens
• STM G1 - 03(2017) e1- Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and
Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
• ASTM G15-08-Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion
Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
• ASTM G16 – 13-Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of
Corrosion Data
• National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard
• NACE RP-01-73 Collection and Identification of Corrosion Products Insert in
Materials Protection and Performance, Vol 12, June 1973, p. 65.

CODES/STANDARDS
API Standard 673
Centrifugal Fans for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
API Standard 560
Fired Heaters for General Refinery
Service
AMCA Standard 205-10
Energy Efficiency Classification for
Fans
CODES/STANDARDS
API Standard 617
Axial and Centrifugal Compressors
and Expander Compressors
API Standard 618
Reciprocating Compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services
API Standard 672
Packaged, Integrally Geared
Centrifugal Air Compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services
Blowers/Fans
SCOPE
This standard covers the minimum requirements
for centrifugal fans for use in petroleum, chemical,
and gas industry services.
This standard specifies requirements and gives
recommendations for the design, materials,
fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for
shipment, and erection of fired heaters, air
preheaters (APHs), fans, and burners for general
refinery service.
This standard defines the energy efficiency
classification for fans. The scope includes fans
having an impeller diameter of 125 mm (5 in.) or
greater, operating with a shaft power 750 W (1 hp)
and above, and having a total efficiency calculated
according to one of the following fan test
standards: ANSI/AMCA 210, ANSI/AMCA 230,
AMCA 260, or ISO 5801. All other fans are
excluded. The standard only applies to the fan, not
the fan drive or the fan system.
Compressors
SCOPE
Covers the minimum requirements for axial
compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared
process centrifugal compressors, and expander-
compressors for use in the petroleum, chemical,
and gas industries services that handle air or gas
Covers the minimum requirements for
reciprocating compressors and their drivers for
use in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry
services for handling process air or gas with
either lubricated or non-lubricated cylinders
Covers the minimum requirements for constant-
speed, packaged, general purpose integrally
geared centrifugal air compressors, including
their accessories. This standard is not applicable
to machines that develop a pressure rise of less
than 0.35 bar (5.0 psi) above atmospheric
pressure, which are classed as fans or blowers.
 Generators
CODES/STANDARDS
IEC 60034
Rotating Electrical Machines
CODES/STANDARDS
API Standard 610
Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum,
Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries
API Standard 685
Sealless Centrifugal Pumps for
Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Gas
Industry Process Service
API Standard 674
Positive Displacement Pumps –
Reciprocating
CODES/STANDARDS
API Standard 611 General-Purpose
Steam Turbines for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
API Standard 612. Petroleum,
Petrochemical, and Natural Gas
Industries - Steam Turbines - Special-
purpose Applications
API 616 Gas Turbines for the
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services
Hardness - Standards
SCOPE
Covers all rotating electrical machines except
those covered by other IEC standards, for
example, IEC 60349. Consists of 32 parts.
Pumps
SCOPE
Covers requirements for centrifugal pumps,
including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic
power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum,
petrochemical, and gas industry process services
Covers the minimum requirements for sealless
centrifugal pumps for use in petroleum, heavy
duty petrochemical and gas industry services
Covers the minimum requirements for
reciprocating positive displacement pumps for
use in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry
services. Both direct-acting and power-frame
types are included. Controlled-volume pumps,
hydraulically driven pumps, and rotary pumps are
not included.
Turbines
SCOPE
Covers the minimum requirements for general-
purpose steam turbines. These requirements
include basic design, materials, related lubrication
systems, controls, auxiliary equipment and
accessories
Covers the minimum requirements for steam
turbines for special-purpose applications for use
in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas
industries. These requirements include basic
design, materials, fabrication, inspection testing,
and preparation for shipment.
Covers the minimum requirements for open,
simple, and regenerative-cycle combustion gas
turbine units for services of mechanical drive,
generator drive, or process gas generation.
Standards and Guidelines applied: ISO 18625 (2003), ASTM A956 (2006), DIN 50156
(2007), JIS B7731 (2000), JB/T 9378 (2001)

Listed below are just some of the API standards used for inspection activities of process
equipment:

API 510 - Pressure Vessel Inspection Code

API 570 - Piping Inspection Code
Recommended Practice 572 - Inspection of Pressure Vessels
Recommended Practice 573 - Inspection Fired Heaters and Boilers
Recommended Practice 574 - Inspection of Piping System Components
Recommended Practice 575 - Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks
Recommended Practice 578 - Material Verification Program for New & Existing Alloy Piping
Systems
Recommended Practice 576 - Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
Recommended Practice 580 - Risk-Based Inspection
Tank bottom, tank shell, and tank roof inspections: API 653 allows different types of
inspection to examine the aboveground tank’s components including:

• Visual
• Ultrasonic (spot)
• Ultrasonic (scan)
• Liquid penetrant
• Penetrating oil
• Magnetic particle
• Radiography
• Magnetic flux scan
• Vacuum box
• Tracer gas

Bottom, shell and roof: The structure of the tank is inspected to API 653 standards
considering:
• Minimum remaining thickness
• Minimum required thickness
• Maximum corrosion rate

Settlement evaluations: Examine whether the tank is tilting or settling in the ground.
These factors are also assessed under API 653:
• Out of plane
• Rigid body tilting
• Uniform
• Dish type
• Edge settlement
• Localised dispersions