Gram-Positive Bacteria 

COCCI
Staphylococcus
Bacteria Disease Treatment
 Abscesses and mastitis
 Endocarditis
 Gastroenteritis  Penicillinase-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus   Osteomyelitis penicillins
 Pneumonia  Vancomycin
 Scalded skin syndrome  Linezolid
 Skin infections
 Toxic shock syndrome
 Normal skin and genital tract flora
Staphylococcus  Associated with use of catheters
 Vancomycin
epidermidis  and prosthetic devices and biofilm
development
Staphylococcus  Normal genital tract flora  Trimethoprim-
saprophyticus   Urinary tract infection sulfamethoxazole
Streptococcus
 "MOPS"
  Meningitis  Penicillins
Streptococcus
  Otitis media  3rd generation
pneumoniae 
  Pneumonia cephalosporins
  Sinusitis
 Pyogenic infections
o pharyngitis
o cellulitis
o impetigo
o erysipelas
Streptococcus
 Toxigenic infections  Penicillins
pyogenes (Group A) 
o scarlet fever
o necrotizing fasciitis
 Immunologic infections
o glomerulonephritis
o rheumatic fever

 Normal vaginal flora

Streptococcus
 Neonatal septicemia  Ampicillin
agalactiae (Group B) 
 Neonatal meningitis
Streptococcus viridans   Normal throat flora  Penicillin G
  Dental caries
 Endocarditis
 Normal gut flora
Streptococcus  Bacteremia
 Penicillin or ceftriaxone
bovis (Group D)   Endocarditis (subacute)
 Associated with colon cancer
Enterococci
 Some strains are
vancomycin-resistant
(VRE)
 Normal gut flora
 Linezolid and
Enterococci  Endocarditis (subacute)
streptogramins
faecalis (Group D)   Urinary tract infection
 Penicillins, vancomycin,
 Biliary tract infections
or daptomycin
 Often resistant to
penicillin G
BACILLI
Spore-Forming
 Cutaneous anthrax  Ciprofloxacin
Bacillus anthracis 
 Pulmonary anthrax  Doxycycline
 Self-limiting
Bacillus cereus   Food poisoning (rice)  Clindamycin
 Aminoglycosides
 Antitoxin with or without
vaccine booster
Clostridium tetani   Tetanus  Benzodiazepines for
muscle spasms
 Surgical debridement
 Human botulinum
Clostridium botulinum   Botulism
immunoglobulin
 Gas gangrene  Clindamycin
Clostridium perfringens 
 Food poisoning  Penicillin
 Metronidazole
 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea  Vancomycin (oral)
Clostridium difficile   Colitis  Fidaxomicin
 Pseudomembranous colitis  Fecal microbiota
transplant
Non-Spore Forming
Corynebacterium  Diphtheria  Erythromycin
  Penicillin G
diphtheriae 
 Diphtheria antitoxin
 Meningitis
o neonatal
o immunocompromised  Ampicillin
Listeria
 Amnionitis  Trimethoprim-
monocytogenes 
 Spontaneous abortion sulfamethoxazole
 Granulomatosis infantiseptica
 Gastroenteritis
BRANCHING FILAMENTS
 Pulmonary infection
 Trimethoprim-
(immunocompromised)
Nocardia spp.  sulfamethoxazole
 Cutaneous nocardiosis
 Carbapenems
(associated with trauma)
 Oral and facial abscesses
o associated with poor dental
hygiene or maxillofacial
trauma  Penicillin
Actinomyces spp. 
 Yellow "sulfur granules"  Tetracycline
 Pelvic inflammatory disease
o associated with intrauterine
devices