FEDERAL STATE BUDGET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

"BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, VIROLOGY

Affirm
Head of Department
prof. M.M.Tuigunov

30.08.2021

FOUNDATION OF CONTROL QUESTIONS OF EXAM

Discipline microbiology, virology
Specialty: 31.05.01 "general medicine"
course 2-3
Semester 4-5

Ufa - 2021
 Questions to exam 2021-2022 acad.year

1. Introduction in medical microbiology (GC-1)

2. Regulations of a work in microbiologic laboratory (GPC-1)
3. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes: similar and difference (GPC-9)
4. Prokaryotes and their properties (GPC - 9)
5. Morphological classification of bacteria (GPC-9)
6. Major groups of globular bacteria (spherical)(GPC-9)
7. The main groups of rod-shaped bacteria (GPC-9)
8. Describe the main groups of spiral shaped bacteria (GPC-9)
9. Taxonomy and classifications of bacteria (GPC-1)
10. Describe the main structures of prokaryotic cell and functions (nucleoid, ribosomes, cell
wall, cytoplasmic membrane and etc) (PC-1)
11. Structure and functions of bacterial cell wall. Differences between cell wall of Gram-positive
and of Gram-negative bacterial cells (PC-1)
12. Ecologically – dependent components of bacteria: capsule, flagella, pili (PC-1)
13. Preparing a smear for microscopic observation (PC-21)
14. Describe the principle, stages and practical applications of Gram stain (PC-21)
15. The methods of bacteria staining. Gram stain (PC-21)
16. Microscopy of bacteria (GPC-1)
17. The methods of bacteria staining. Simple and differential staining of bacteria (PC-21)
18. Gram stain. Structure of gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacterial cell walls (PC-
21)
19. Cell wall deficient bacterial forms: protoplasts, spheroplasts and L-forms (GPC-1)
20. Ecologically-dependent components of bacteria: capsule and endospore (GPC-1)
21. Bacterial flagella and their function (GPC-1)
22. Bacterial fimbria (pili). Variants and functions (GPC-1)
23. Structure and general properties of mycoplasmas (GPC-1)
24. Structure and general properties of rickettsiae (GPC-1)
25. Structure and general properties of chlamidiae (GPC-1)
26. Structure and general properties of mycobacteria (GPC-1)
27. Structure and general properties of spirochaetes (GPC-1)
28. Structure and general properties of actinomyces (GPC-1)
29. Bacterial metabolism. Anabolism and catabolism (PC-1)
30. Nutrional types of bacteria. Phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Chemotrophs and prototrophs (PC-1)
31. Ecological classification of bacteria: saprophytes, obligate and facultative parasites (PC-1)
32. Oxygen-related properties of bacteria. Obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative
anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, microaerophiles (PC-1)
33. Factors affecting bacterial growth. Growth temperature. Psychrophiles, mesophiles,
thermophiles (PC-1)
34. Bacterial growth and cell division. Phases of growth in bacterial culture (PC-1)
35. Culture media for growing bacteria. Types of media (PC-1)
36. Types of media for bacterial culturing (PC-1)
37. Simple and complex media. Special, selective and differentiation media (PC-21)
38. Bacterial species, strains, and clones, pure culture, mixed culture (PC-21)
39. Methods of obtaining pure culture (plating and streaking) (PC-21)
40. Properties of bacterial colonies (main characteristics of colony) (PC-21)
41. Principles of anaerobe culturing (PC-21)
42. General characteristics of viruses (GPC-9)
43. Structure of viruses. Naked viruses; enveloped viruses (GPC-9)
44. Types of virus symmetry (GPC-9)
45. Culturing of viruses (GPC-9)
46. Viral replication. Stages of virus replication (GPC-9)
47. Classifications of viruses (GPC-9)
48. Virological methods(GPC-9)
49. The results of virus-cell interaction: productive, abortive and persistent infections (GPC-9)
50. Structure of bacteriophage (GPC-9)
51. Replication of bacteriophage (GPC-9)
52. Detection of viruses in infected objects. The cytopathic effect of viruses. Phenomenon of
hemagglutination. Formation of inclusion bodies (GPC-9)
53. Viruslike pathogens (prions and viroids) (GPC-9)
54. Principles of sterilization in microbiology (PC-1)
55. Physical methods of sterilization (PC-1)
56. Sterilization by filtration (mechanical method) (PC-1)
57. Sterilization by chemical components (PC-1)
58. Methods of disinfection (PC-1)
59. Antibiotics. History of antibiotic discovery (PC-1)
60. Classification of antibiotics. The modes of action of antimicrobial agents on bacterial cells (PC-
1)
 61. Methods of study of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobial agents (PC-21)
62. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance (PC-21)
63. Microflora of soil (GC-1)
64. Microflora of water (GC-1)
65. Microflora of the air (GC-1)
66. Microflora of food products (GC-1)
67. Normal skin microflora of human body (GC-1)
68. Normal microflora of the respiratory tract of human body (GC-1)
69. Normal microflora of the urinary tract of human body (GC-1)
70. Normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of human body (GC-1)
71. Normal microflora of human body and main functions (GC-1)
72. Dysbacteriosis (PC-1)
73. Basic concept about the genetics of microorganisms (GPC-1)
74. Phenotypic variability (GPC-1)
75. Clonotypes and origin of new genes (mutations, recombinations) (GPC-1)
76. Transposable elements. Plasmid types (GPC-1)
77. Transfer of genetic information (transformation, transduction, conjugation) (GPC-1)
78. The infection process. Category of infection diseases (GPC-9)
79. Stages of infection disease: incubation, prodromal, illness, decline phases and convalescence
(recovery) period (GPC-9)
80. Mechanisms of infection generalization. Bacteremia, septicemia. Toxinemia. Viremia
(GPC-9)
81. Classification of bacterial toxins. Effect of exotoxins and endotoxins (GPC-9)
82. Sources of infections. Exogenous and endogenous infections (GPC-9)
83. Host-microbe relationships. Parasitism and commensalism. Pathogenic, nonpathogenic and
opportunistic microorganisms (GPC-9)
84. The infection process. Category of infection diseases (GPC-1)
85. Stages of infection disease: incubation, prodromal, illness, decline phases and convalescence
(recovery) period.
86. Stages of infection disease. Mechanisms of infection generalization (GPC-1)
87. Sources of infections. Exogenous and endogenous infections (GPC-1)
88. Types of infectious disease. Primary and secondary (opportunistic) infection. Superinfection
and mixed infection. Persistence. Relapse. Reinfection (GPC-1)
89. Mechanisms of spreading disease in a population. Contagious and noncommunicable infections.
Hospital (nosocomial) and community infections (GPC-1)
 90. Reservoirs of infection. Anthroponoses and zoonoses. Sapronoses. Carrier state. Endemic
diseases (GPC-1)
91. Immunity, the immune system (definition) (GPC-9)
92. Types of infectious immunity (GPC-9)
93. Hereditary immunity (GPC-9)
94. Acquired immunity (GPC-9)
95. Basic differences between specific (antigen-induced) and non-specific immunity (GPC-9)
96. Cells of the immune system (GPC-9)
97. Function of the immune system (GPC-9)
98. Effects of the immune system (GPC-9)
99. Innate Host Defenses against infections (GPC-9)
100. Anatomic barriers – mechanical, chemical, biological factors (GPC-9)
101. Humoral components (GPC-9)
102. Cellular components (GPC-9)
103. Stage of phagocytosis (GPC-9)
104. Antigens and their properties (GPC-9)
105. Antigenic determinants (GPC-9)
106. Immunoglobulin structure (GPC-9)
107. Human immunoglobulin classes (GPC-9)
108. Specific immunization and immunotherapy of infectious diseases (GPC-9)
109. Antigen-antibody reactions. Types of antigen-antibody reactions (PC-21).
110. Serological tests (PC-21)
111. STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP., classification, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity,
laboratory diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention (GPC-9)
112. STREPTOCOCCUS SPP., Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, laboratory
diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention (GPC-9)
113. CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, laboratory
diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention (GPC-9)
114. CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, laboratory
diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention (GPC-9)
115. CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS – Pathogens of gas gangrene, Morphology, factors
of pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention
(GPC-9)
116. NEISSERIA MENINGITIDES, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, laboratory
diagnostics, specific preparations for treatment, prevention (GPC-9)
117. MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, Morphology, Cultural characteristics, factors
of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes, laboratory diagnosis (Montoux test), treatment,
prophylaxis. Atypical form of mycobacteria (GPC-9)
118. BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS, Morphology, Cultural characteristics, clinical syndromes,
laboratory diagnostics, treatment (GPC-9)
119. CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE, Morphology, Cultural characteristics, factors of
pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
120. ECSHERICHIA COLI, Morphology, antigenic composition and classification of
Enteropathogenic E.coli., clinical syndromes, factors of pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics,
treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
121. SALMONELLA SPP., Morphology, Cultural characteristics, clinical syndromes, factors
of pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
122. SHIGELLA SPP., Morphology, Cultural characteristics, clinical syndromes, factors of
pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
123. YERSINIA PESTIS, Morphology, Cultural characteristics, clinical syndromes, factors of
pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
124. VIBRIO CHOLERAE, Morphology, Cultural characteristics, clinical syndromes, factors
of pathogenicity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
125. BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes,
laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
126. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes,
laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
127. NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, clinical
syndromes, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
128. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS, Morphology, factors of pathogenicity, clinical
syndromes, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
129. VIRUS HEPATITIS A, Morphology and antigenic structure, replication, clinical
syndromes. Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
130. VIRUS HEPATITIS B, Morphology and antigenic structure, replication, clinical
syndromes. Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)
131. VIRUS HEPATITIS C, Morphology and antigenic structure, replication, clinical
syndromes. Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis (GPC-9)
132. HERPESVIRIDAE 1, 2 TYPES, Morphology, replication, clinical syndromes. Immunity,
laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)
133. RHABDOVIRUSES – RABIES, Morphology, replication, clinical syndromes. Immunity,
laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)
134. ORTHOMYXIVIRUSES, INFLUENZA A, B, C. Morphology, replication, clinical
syndromes. Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)
135. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV), Morphology, replication, clinical
syndromes. Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)
136. CORONAVIRUSES, Structure and Properties of Coronaviruses, Characteristics of COVID -
19, clinical syndromes, factors of pathogenicity, Laboratory Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and
Treatment of Coronaviral Infections (GPC-9)
137. PICORNAVIRUSES (POLIOVIRUS), Morphology, replication, clinical syndromes.
Immunity, laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis (GPC-9)