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E-mail : info@paramabd.com
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b! # e, ! # 11, , 5!-1216
HISTORY OF BANGLADESH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

DOCUMENTS, VOL-5
Published by: Golam Mustafa

Hakkani Publishers
House # 7, Raod # 4, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205
Tel: 9661141, 9662282, Fax : (8802) 9662844
E-mail : info@paramabd.com
On behalf of Ministry of Information

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Copyright: Ministry of Information

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Printed by: Md. Abul Hasan

Hakkani Printing & Packaging
Road # 9, Lane # 2, House # 1
Block # A, Sec # 11, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216
First Published: November, 1982

Reprint: December 2003
Reprint: June 2009
ISBN: 984-433-091-2 (set)

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s d t n
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The Bangladesh Gazette, Part II September 1, 1971, Page 503
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
*** *** ***
jp
5!, 23 Ls 1977
-'/4i-25/77/41481- s g i" O ud I ! pk

m! я " "#я " ! ' o nt$( ` Cpp a# 1977
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2। Ok . ( z" o a i ।
Lk-
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[di]
GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
MINISTRY OF INFORMATION & BROADCASTING
DACCA
No. 51/2/78-Dev/231 Dated 18-7-1978
RESOLUTION
In connection with the Writing and Printing of the History of Bangladesh War of
Liberation the Government have been pleased to constitute and Authentication
Committee for the Project “Writing and Printing of a History of Bangladesh War of
Liberation” with the following members:
1. Dr. Mafizullah Kabir Pro-Vice Chancellor, Dacca University

2. Professor Salahuddin Chairman, Department of History, Jahangirnagar
Ahmed University
3. Dr. Safar Ali Akanda Director, Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi.
4. Dr. Enamul Huq Director, Dacca Museum.
5. Dr. K. M. Mohsin Associate Professor, Deptt. of History, Dacca University
6. Dr. Shamsul Huda Harun Associate Professor, Deptt. of Political Science, Dacca
University
7. Dr. Ahmed Sharif Professor and Chairman, Deptt. of Bengali, Dacca
University
8. Dr. Anisuzzaman Professor, Deptt. of Bengali, Chittagong University
9. Mr. Hasan Hafizur Rahman O.S.D., History of Bangladesh War of Liberation Project
The following shall be the terms of reference of the Committee:

(a) To verify, endorse and authenticate the collected data and documents to be
included in the History of Bangladesh War of Liberation.
(b) To determine validity and price of document are required for the purpose.
Syed Asgar Ali

Section Officer

s d t n
GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

MINISTRY OF INFORMATION & BROADCASTING
DACCA
No. 51/2/78-Dev/10493/(25) Dated : 13-2-1979
RESOLUTION
In partial modification of Resolution issued under No. 51/2/78-Dev/231, dated
18.7.78 Govt. have been pleased to reconstitute and Authentication Committee for the
Project “Writing and Printing of a History of Bangladesh war of Liberation” with the
following members:
1. Dr. Mafizullah Kabir Chairman

Pro-Vice Chancellor, Dacca University
2. Professor Salahuddin Ahmed Member
Chairman, Department of History, Jahangirnagar University
3 Dr. Anisuzzaman Member
Professor, Deptt. of Bengali, Chittagong University
4. Dr. Safar Ali Akanda Member
Director, Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi.
5. Dr. Enamul Huq Member
Director, Dacca Museum.
6. Dr. K. M. Mohsin Member
Associate Professor, Deptt. of History, Dacca University
7. Dr. Shamsul Huda Harun Member
Associate Professor, Deptt. of Political Science, Dacca
University
8. Dr. K. M. Karim Member
Director, National Library and Archives, Dacca
9. Mr. Hasan Hafizur Rahman Member-Secretary
O.S.D., History of Bangladesh War of Liberation Project
2. The following shall be the terms of reference of the Committee:
To verify, endorse and authenticate the collected data and documents to be
included in the History of Bangladesh War of Liberation.
To determine validity and price of document are required for the committee.
M.A. Salam Khan

Section Officer

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-Shocking Western Apathy : Bangladesh No Biafra or 450
Indonesia 451
-UN Proved Impotent 452
-British Parliament Debates Bangladesh
-More US Arms for Killing Bengalees: 454
AAPO Fails to Understand Bangladesh 455
-Emergence of Secularism
457
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-Awami League Opts for Military Solution 458
-Not Separatism : A War of Liberation 460
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474
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476
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s d t n
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Pants 491
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UN 498
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-The Decisive Stage
-Niazi'a Pitiful Boasts
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I Major Zia of Bengal Liberation Army. This is Major Zia, the Leader of
Bengal Liberation Army, speaking on the support of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman’s liberation movement.
The Pakistan Army consisting mainly of Punjabi are killing the Bengalee
civilians of all ages, and they acted in most ruthless manner. They have not
spared the unarmed Bengalees - those are chiefly unarmed Bengalee officers
and men of the army, navy and air force, some of whose families have not been
killed]* the massacre started on the night of last Thursday when they attacked
and started killing the unarmed soldiers, navy, airmen and civilian population
all over Swadhin Bangladesh. they have been using American Russia and
Chinese armaments including artillery gun and tank including Russian tank
which is presented, which was so generously given by the Indonesian during
the last 1965 war, All these acts uncivilized and cruel, They had a very well
conceived plan of killing the senior political, civil, military leaders of Bengal.
The need of the hour is that the important personalities of Bangladesh should
go underground and work from there. Voice of America has announced that
Beluchistan and Pakhtunistan with North-West Frontier Province has seceded
from Pakistan to support the cause of Swadhin Bangladesh. At this moment, we
have to fight united. By the grace of God, we will capture all Punjabi traitors in
a matter of one or two days and free Bangladesh of these menaces. Joi Bangla.
This is- you are listening the taped broadcast by Major Zia of Bengal-
Bengal Liberation Army leader. The broadcast coming to you from Free Radio
Bengal.
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This is.... This is Lt. Shamsher of Bengal Liberation Army- I hereby pass a
message from Major Ziaur Rahman of the Bengal Liberation Army. He says it
is reported that more Pakistani Punjabi Force and armament have been brought
to Chittagong and Dacca by the sea and by air- I therefore on behalf of the
people of Bangladesh request all the peace-loving country of the world to give
immediate recognition to Swadhin Bangladesh and extend physical assistance
of all types to liberate the democratic minded people of Bangladesh...Under the
circumstances I hereby declare myself as a Provisional Head of the Swadhin
Bangla Liberation Government under guidance of Sheikh Mujib. I urge upon
the people of Bangladesh to continue this freedom movement with increased
vigor and intent devotion. By the grace of God the victory is ours- Joi Bangla.
Here is an announcement: All civilians of Chittagong are requested to
collect at Laldighi Maidan with whatever weapons they have and report to
Captain Bhuiya and Captain Naser of the Bengal Liberation Army.
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Bangladesh Liberation Army- I will now read out an appeal made by Major
Ziaur Rahman of the Bangladesh Liberation Army. It says- it is reported that
more Pakistani Punjabi troops and armaments have been brought to Chittagong
and Dacca by Sea route and by air- I therefore on behalf of the people of
Bangladesh request all the peace-loving countries of world to give immediate
recognition to Swadhin Bangladesh and extend physical assistance of all types
to liberate the democratic minded people of Bangladesh. Under circumstances
however I hereby declare myself as a Provisional Head of the Swadhin Bangla
Liberation Government under guidance of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman. I urge upon the people of Bangladesh to continue this freedom
movement. I will repeat.......
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0 я ; । я6 । p nd ( p" < e P 7।
Here is an announcement from Radio Free Bangladesh. Our leader Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman had declared the independence of Bangladesh. Now
Bangladesh is an independent and sovereign state. After the declaration of
independence, the Pakistani anti people forces have become mad like dog and
are out to massacre our people, thus creating a reign of terror in Bangladesh.
But the gallant forces of Bangladesh under the guidance of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman are fighting them out of the homeland of ours. East Bengal Regiment,
East Pakistan Rifles and Police forces with all the efforts and help of the people
of Bangladesh, are restricting them, sticking hard on them throughout the
whole Bangladesh. Chittagong is completely under the control of Bangla
Regiment as well as other sectors such as Comilla, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Jessore,
Rangpur. In Dacca, heavy fighting is going on and our gallant forces are
marching towards victory. We appeal to
10
s d t n
the people residing in towns and cities not to leave their places and to prepare
themselves with whatever they have and create barricades at every road-corner
by which enemy may travel. Do not allow them to move an inch forward
without resistance. All the people in the villages those who have fire arms of
any kind are requested to proceed to the town and cities. People of all walks of
life are specially requested to extend their help specially by giving food to our
gallant fighting forces.
Now, this is an appeal on behalf of Free Bangladesh to the people of peace-
loving countries throughout the world specially our neighboring countries to
help with whatever they can so that we can become masters of our own destiny.
We also appeal to the big powers to intervene and see that seventy five million
people of Bangladesh can become free from injustice, hardship, deprivation
from legal right and oppression and torture by forces of Pakistani aggression.
We also appeal to the United Nations to immediately.....(Noise)........
11
s d t n
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15
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t

3। s nd s nd-e 25 -17 m, 1971
(я E) e a $ t gc t
(a)
<я ?
?,, 11 LяM$ 1378
25 1971
(Signature Tune)
7-00A.M < <6। <я p( a a $

s nd। " t ।
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< p( a tr '। ;kK Mi t
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'.... e। 7-25 ’’ (News in English)
a p( t 7-30 ’’ Q '। s
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< a $ m0 e' 7-40 ’’ uk e " (
YPK। <я ( 7' <* o E t ag a $ ।
o nM 7'6 d' a Slogans & Sayings of SK.
s nd Mujib.
a $ p" 7। <я SWADHIN BANGLA BETAR KENDRA
p( a a $ (Cue Sheet)
* B p" 7
6 '6। Trans-I
* iя t Date : 26-5-71
' я }" 6-57 P.M.
'। 6-59 ’’ Signature Tune
* ‘"t’ t Opening of the station &
7' я ...... '। 7-00 ’’ Programme Summary.
* ?n K ( ¦ AGNISHIKHA : A
t ' Composite Programme for
я "l '। the freedom fighters.
* яEK t E (a)Message from
t ] <''6।
16
s d t n
(b) ‘‘
n
’’- 7-50 P.M CHARAMPATRA :
Nazrul Islam’s Song. Couter Progamme.
(c) Agiye Chalo : Talk on 7-55 ’’ BIHWA JANAMAT :
inspiration. 8-00 ’’ Bengali talk.
(d) Special News Bulletin. Close down.
(e) Patriotic Song. 30 ,
1971
7-20 P.M CHARAMPATRA : 6-58 P.M Signature Tune.
7-30 ’’ Counter Programme 6-59 ’’ Opening of the Station.
7-40 ’’ News in Bengali 7-00 ’’ AGNISHIKHA : A
7-45 ’’ News in English composite Progamme for
AGNIBINA : A special the freedom fighters.
programme on observance (a) Darpan : Talk in
8-15 ’’ of the birth anniversary of Bengali
poet Nazrul Islam. (b) Oikatan : patrioic
8-20 ’’ Slogans & Sayings of Song.
8-55 Ó National Leaders. (c) Recitation :
8-30 ’’ .......Alor Diganta : A talk (d) Ranaveri : Reports
27 ,
1971 in Bengali. from Sectors.
6-59 P.M. Flashes & music. 7-20 ’’ (e) patriotic Song.
Close down. 7-30 ’’ News in English.
7-00 ’’ ‘‘st s :
Signature Tune & Opening Talk in Bengali :
of the station & 7-40 ’’ Mr. A. Mannan, MNA.
Programme Summary. RAKTASWAKKHAR :
AGNISHIKHA : A Self- composed poems,
Composite Programme for (a) Belal Mohammed.
the freedom fighters. 7-45 ’’ (b) S.I. Noor.
(a) Darpan : A talk in 7-55 ’’ News in Bengali
Bengali. Samayeeki : News
(b) Oikatan : Patriotic 8-00 ’’ Commentary in Bengali.
Song. 8-05 ’’ Falk Song : Shah Ali
(c) Kabikantha : Self- Sirker.
composed poems. 8-15 ’’ я o : Talk in
(d) Ranaveri : News of the 8-20 ’’ Bengali
Sectors. 8-25 ’’ patriotic Song.
7-20 ’’ (e) partiotic Song. Biswa Janamat.
7-30 ’’ Talk in Bengali 8-35 ’’ CHARAMPATRA :
7-40 ’’ News in Bengali 8-40 ’’ Counter progamme.
7-45 ’’ News in English Slogans & patriotic Song.
RAKTASWAKKHAR Close down.
:
Self-composed poems
& patriotic Song.
17
s d t n
31 ,
, 1971 (") ?
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18
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19
s d t n
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20
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23 яi,
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22
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23
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24
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trV M' Zh 76 6।
<я 25 pm, 1971 ।
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;। 25 "0 1971 B я u0 d7 ( 4 m
u e; b S67 ]-7 f 7।
SP। 7 Z s tk • "pg, l, 6, ,
P }6 c, , , n6
я7 я -
25
s d t n
ng ( 2 m ] 0-f 1-45 ’’ ksk s"

7। я d 0 e6 as <*t- "]
; s <6 1-50 ’’ } (¦
a ;। 2-00 ’’ p
d as я- ] o q7 *6 a

<7 p a , } nM
] g n <6 SQ6 7-00 ud YPK o a $
। "
7-05 ’’ ag
YPK' P 7। () '
() ?
26 pm,
pm , 1971 (E) 0K 7 cr
p( a (Y) <*t
(B) ?
7-00 () ud YPK (") s k
() o6 (;) <
(E) a $ " 7-45 ’’
7-10 ’’ () 7-55 ’’ pW 7d i
() iя 8-00 ’’ iя a $
7-30 ’’ kd c a0P0 0 () 0"
uk E EKpяnt () ud*
as6 pn (E) ?
я ud SPK (Y)
, iя a । 8-25 ’’ ud0
8-15 ’’ j o sE 8-30 ’’ ( ud0
8-20 ’’ p। 8-40 ’’
9-00 ’’ 0k *n
d6 a 9-07 ’’ ?
9-15 ’’ яl
1-00 () ud YPK o a $ 9-30 ’’ p
"
() 1 ak, 1971
(E) iя *6 a
1-15 ’’ () » nM
1-30 ’’ () ‘e 6 я6 <’: 7-00 ud YPK o a $ "
P (- 7-05 ’’ ag
Kя "]।
() nd ?
26
s d t n
() ' *6 a

() ? 7-00 ud o a $ "
(E) 0K 7-05 ’’ ag (k7 я M
(Y) ? P a $ )
(B) <*t () '
7-35 ’’ 0k *n () ? (dя06 )
7-45 ’’ (E) 0K
7-55 ’’ 0" (Y) ?
8-00 ’’ iя a $ (B) k a $
8-25 ’’ ud0 я (
8-30 ’’ ( e,,e, 7d (") (E )
8-40 ’’ 7-45 ’’
9-00 ’’ я6 7-55 ’’ 0"
9-30 ’’ p। < 7
8-00 ’’ iя a $
2 ak 1971 8-25 ’’ ud0
p( a 8-30 ’’ ?
8-40 ’’ (l
7-00 ud YPK я M P
7-03 ’’ o6 o a $ )
я 9-00 ’’ ?
7-08 ’’ a $ " 9-05 ’’ (
7-10 ’’ <d jя "]
7-20 ’’ iя 9-13 ’’ j
7-30 ’’ яEK 9-15 ’’ "t
7-45 ’’ ( (0k *n) 9-25 ’’ я6
7-55 ’’ j, ? 9-30 ’’ p
8-00 ’’ p
3 ak,
ak, 1971
<я , 16i <_ 1378 , 2 *6 a
ak, 1971 । a tr 7-00 ud o a $ "
( o6 c я 7-05 ’’ ag
7 я7 o я Q; () '
6r i । () 0K
(E) ?
(Y) k a $
(B) (E )
27
s d t n
7-45 1-15 »

7-55 ’’ pW 1-30 ’’ ( i6 <7
8-00 ’’ iя a $ 1-38 ’’ nd ?
8-25 ’’ ud0 1-45 ’’ 7M $
8-30 ’’ ud0 ( ksk- "]
8-40 ’’ 1-48 ’’ } (¦/lE
9-00 ’’ ? 1-55 ’’ я6
9-05 ’’ 0k *n 2-00 ’’ p।
9-13 ’’ ?
8-18 ’’ * e Y e *6 a
9-30 ’’ ( nM
9-25 ’’ j o ? 7-00 ud YPK o a $
9-30 ’’ яl "
9-50 ’’ я6 7-05 ’’ ag
9-55 ’’ p। () '
() ?
4 ak,
ak, 1917 (E) 0K
p( a (Y) <*t
(B) < E (4)
7-00 ’’ ud (") <
7-05 ’’ o6 o 7-45 ’’
я 7-55 ’’ 0"
7-10 ’’ a $ " 8-00 ’’ iя a $
7-11 ’’ () () 0"
() iя () ud*
7-30 ’’ яEK (E) ?
7-40 ’’ jя Mk *K (Y)
a}Q }" "n ( 8-25 ’’ ud0
( p") 8-30 ’’ ?
7-49 ’’ j 8-40 ’’
7-50 ’’ яrE 9-00 ’’ (
7-55 ’’ я6 9-07 ’’ ? l
8-00 ’’ p। 9-17 ’’ j
9-20 ’’ "t
d6 a ud o a $ " 9-30 ’’ p।
1-00 () ()
1-05 ’’ iя
28
s d t n
8 ak,
ak, 1971 7-45 P.M Khabar : Bangla
d6 a 7-55 ’’ Sangbad
1-00 ud o a $ " Parjalochana/Pratiddhani
1-05 ’’ () 8-00 ’’ English Programme
() iя a) Commentary
1-15 ’’ » b) World Press Review
1-30 ’’ i *n я7 o c) Music
i676 (26 0): d) News
< 7 7 7 8-25 ’’ Khabar : Urdu
1-36 ’’ яr E 8-30 ’’ a) Kathika
1-45 ’’ } (¦/lE 8-40 ’’ b) Sangeet
1-55 ’’ я6 Sonar Bangla
2-00 ’’ p। (a)Kathopakathan
(b) Palligeeti
s nd। 9-00 ’’ Kothika/Pindir Prolap
9-07 ’’ Palligeeti/Puthi/Jari
e' P YPK। 9-12 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
9-15 ’’ Drama/Jallader Darbar
EKpяnt as6 ip L6 9-20 ’’ Charampatra
яr i E k a $ 9-30 ’’ Samapti.
k7 ac M' p( k
"o6я aS g7K e kpp 1 Sm, Sm, 1971
ac M' ud SPK । e u St p( a
e' P a $ p" 7 < 7-00 A.M. a) Udbodhani
<я a । b) Quran Tillawat-O-
Anubad :
YPK' e i P 7। c)Anushthan Parichiti
7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
16 ak,
ak, 1971 7-30 ’’ Sangeet
*6 a 7-35 ’’ Kothika : Ranangane
7-00 P.M Udbodhani Ghoshana-O- Banglar Nari-
Anushthan parichiti Begum Umme Kulsum.
7-05 ’’ Agnishikha : Mukti 7-42 ’’ Rabindra Sangeet
Bahinir janya 7-47 ’’ Kothika : Mustafizur
a) Sangbad Bulletin Rahman
b) Sangeet 0k *n tr k
c) Darpan aE7 o ( p")
d) Kabita Abriti 7-50 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
e) Sangeet 8-00 ’’ Samapti.
f) Kothika/Sakhyatkar
g) Amar Sonar Bangla
29
s d t n
d6 a : Conducted by Alamgir Kabir

1-00 P.M. Udbodhani-O-Anushthan (a) Commentaries by
Parichiti Ahmad Chowdhury
1-05 ’’ a) Khabar : Bangla (b) Patriotic Song
b) Khabar : English (c) Extracts from World
1-15 ’’ Sangeet press/Talk
1-23 ’’ Biswa Janamat : Script (d) News
written by Sadekin 8-55 ’’ Khabar : Urdu
1-30 ’’ Palligeeti/Puthi/Jari Zahed Siddiqui
1-40 ’’ 6' kp Y' : e 9-00 ’’ Kothika : Urdu/Partiotic Song
p7 я6 t ( 9-15 ’’ Slogan & Orchestra
1-47 ’’ Sangeet. 9-20 ’’ Charampatra : M.R. Akhtar
1-50 ’’ Punaprachar : Jallader 9-30 ’’ Samapti.
2-00 ’’ Darbar 2 Sm,
Sm, 1971
Samapti p( a :
*6 a :
7-00 P.M Udbodhani-O-Anushthan 7-00 A.M (a) Udbodhani
Parichiti (b) Quran Tillawat-O-Anubad :
7-05 ’’ Agnishikha : Moulana M.R. Zehadi
a) Sangbad Bulletin (c) Anusthan Parichiti
b) Sangeet
c) Darpan : Ashraful Alam 7-10 ’’ Khaba : Bangla
d) Sangeet-O-Slogan 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
e) Abriti : Mustafa Anwar 7-30 ’’ Sangeet
f) Banglar Mukh : Jibantika: 7-35 ’’ Kothika/Biswa-Bibek-O-
Script by Kallyan Mitra, Bangladesh : by Mohadeb
Participated by Purnendu Saha 7-42 ’’ Saha
& Bulbul Mahalnabish. 7-47 ’’ Nazrul Geeti
g) Amar Sonar Bangla 7-50 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
7-45 ’’ 8-00 ’’ Kothiha
7-55 ’’ Khabar : Bangla Samapti.
Sangbad Parjalachana : *6 a
Lekha : Amir Hussain 7-00 P.M
8-00 ’’ Paath : Ashfaque Rahman Udbodhani-O-Anushthan
8-05 ’’ Sangeet 7-05 ’’ Parichiti
Jibantika : Mirjafarer Agnishikha :
Rojnamcha : (a) Sangbad Bulletin
Script by Kallyan Mitra kamal Lohani
8-15 ’’ (b) Sangeet
8-20 ’’ Nazrul Sangeet : (c) Kothika by Mustafa Anwar
Kothika : (d) Sangeet-O-Slogan
Biswa Bibek-O-Bangladesh (e) Abriti : B. Hasan
by Mohadeb Saha (f) Amar Sonar Bangla
8-27 ’’ 7-45 ’’
8-30 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan Khabar : Bangla
English Programme: 7-55 ’’ -Babul Akhtar
Sangbad Parjalochana
30
s d t n
Lekha : Amir Hussain d a %

Paath: Ashfaque Rahman 1-0 P.M Udbodhani-O-Anushthan
8-00 P.M Sangeet 2-0 Parichiti
8-05 ’’ Kothika/Sangram Ghare 1-05 ’’ a) Khabar : Bangla
Ghare (g Y Y) b) Khabar : English
by Mustafizur Rahman 1-15 ’’ Sangeet
(Recorded) 1-23 ’’ Biswa Janamat :
8-15 ’’ Nazrul Sangeet Lekha : Sadein
8-20 ’’ Kothipka : Parjabekkhaker Path : Shahjahan Faruq
Drishtite 1-30 ’’ Palligeeti
Lekha- Fayaz Ahmed 1-40 ’’ Shahitya Anusthan :
Paath – Kamal Lohani Rakta Swakkhar/Swarachira
8-27 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan kabita by Nirmaleendu Gun
8-30 ’’ English Programme : 1-47 ’’ Sangeet
Conducted by : Alamgir Kabir 1-50 ’’ Kothika : (punaprachar:)
(a) Commentaries by : Parjabekkhoker Drishtite
Ahmed Chowdhury 2-00 ’’ Samapti.
(b) Patriotic Song
(c) Extracts from World *6 a :
a :
Press/ 7-00 A.M
Talk : Ali Zaker Udbodhani-O-Anushthan
(d) News : Parveen Hossain 7-05 ’’ Parichiti
8-55 ’’ Khabar : Urdu Agnishikha :
by Zahed Siddiqui Parichalana-A. Alam
9-00 ’’ Kothika : Urdu by Zahed (a) Sangbad Bulletin : Babul
9-15 ’’ Siddiqui/Patriotic Song Akhtar
9-20 ’’ Slogan & Orchestra (b) Sangeet : 1। ' as ..
9-30 ’’ Charanpatra: M. R. Akhtar (c) Darpan : A. Alam
Samapti. (d) Sangeet-O-Slogan :)
3 Sm,
Sm, 1971 )* ud
p( a : (e) Abritti : A. Rahman
7-00 A.M (f) Kothika : Mustafa Anwar
(a) Udbodhani 7-45 ’’ (g) Amar Sonar Bangla
(b) Quran Tillawat: Khabar : Bangla
Moulana M. R Zahedi 7-55 ’’ -Abdullah-al-Ialam
Anubad : A. A. Faruqui Sangbad Parjalochana:
7-10 ’’ Lekha- Amir Hassain
7-20 ’’ a) Khabar : Bangla 8-00 ’’ Paath- Ashfaqur Rahman\
7-30 ’’ b) Khabar : English Sangeet 1। '- } S?
7-35 ’’ Sangeet 8-05 ’’ 2। i k
Kothika/Kathgarar Ashami: Kothika/Jibantika: Drishtipat by
7-42 ’’ by Mr. Rahman. 8-15 ’’ Zafar Sadeque
7-47 ’’ Rabindra Sangeet Egiye Chalo : A Prog. of
7-50 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan patriotic song with Slogans
Kothika : Pondir Prolap or 1। <6 "P
8-00 ’’ Charampatra 2) e u¦; 7 <Q
Samapti.
31
s d t n
8-27 P.M Bajrakantha-O-Slogan 1-15 P.M Sangeet

8-30 ,, English Programme: (a) k ujj
Conducted By : Alamgir Kabir (b) 3 3 4 n

(a) Commentaries by : 1-23 ,, Biswa Janamat :
Ahmed Chowdhury, A. 1-30 ,, Palligeeti : Indramohan Raj
Kabir Bongshi
(b) Patriotic song : . / 1-40 ,, Shahitya : Anusthan
0 1-47 ,, Rakta Swakkhar/Salf
(c) Extracts from World Press/ composed poems by Mohd.
Talk Rafique
(d) News : Zareed Ahmed Sangeet : Rabinrda Geeti-
8-55 ,, Khabar : Urdu-Zahed Siddiqui wbwkw`b fimv ivwLm
9-00 ,, Kothika : Urdo & Sangeet 1-50 ,, Jibantika : Punaprachar–
9-15 ,, Jallader darber : Script by Mirjafarer Rojnamcha
Kallyan Mitra 2-00 ,, Samapti.
Participants : Raju ahmed, *6 a :
...Bose, Babul Chowdhury 7-00 P.M. Udbodhani-O-Anushthan Parichiti
Narayan Ghose
9-20 ,, Charampatra 7-05 ,, Agnishikha:Parichalana Ashraful
9-30 ,, Samapti. Alam
5 Sm, 1971 (a) Sangbad Bulletin : Babul
p( a : Akhthar
7-00 A.M.(a) Udbodhani (b) Sangeet:
(b) Quran Tillawat-O-Anubad (c) Kothika:
(c) Anusthan Parichiti : Amra Gurilla:
7-10 ,, Khabar : Bangla-Abdullah-alIslam Belal Mohammad
7-20 ,, Khabar : English : Parveen (d) Sangeet-O-Slogan
Hossain (e) Abritti : Mustafa Anwar
7-30 ,, Sangeet : яn < M 7.... (f) Durjoy Bangla : Talk by Badrul
7-35 ,, Kothika Hasan
7-42 ,, Nazrul Sangeet : o Si }' 7-45 ,, Khabar : Bangla-Kamal Lohani
"6 }' 7-55 ,, Sangbad Parjalochana:
7-47 ,, Bajrakantha-O-Slogan Lekha– Amir Hassain
7-50 ,, Kathika : Pindir Prolap by Abu Paath– A. Rahman
Toab Khan 8-00 ,, Sangeet
8-00 ,, Samapti. 8-05 ,, Kothika : Talk by Nurul Huq
2 a : M.N.A
1-00 P.M. Udbodhani-O Anushthan Parichiti 8-15 ,, Nazrul Sangeet
1-05 ,, (a) Khabar : Bangla : Ali Reza 8-20 ,, Kothika : Putulnacher Khel-Talk
Choudhury by Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury
(b) Khabar : English : Parveen 8-27 ,, Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
Hossain
32
s d t n
8-30 P.M English Programme : 8-55 P.M. Khabar : Urdu

(a) Commentaries 9-00 ’’ Kothika : Ramjaner
(b) Patriotic Song Adarsha by Syed All Ahsan
(c) Extracts from World Press / 9-10 ’’ Orchestra & Slogan
Talk 9-25 ’’ Jallader Darbar : Script by
(d) News : Parvccn Hossain Kalyan Mitra
8-55 ’’ Khabar : Urdu 9-30 ’’ Samapti.
9-00 ’’ Kothika: 16 Sm,
Sm, 1971
9-15 ’’ Urdu Kothika & Sangeet: p( a :
Zahcd Siddique 7-00 P.M. (a) Udbodhani
9-20 ’’ Parjabekkhaker Drishtite (b) Quran Tillawat-O-Anubad
Lekha - Fayez Ahmed (c) Anusthan Parichiti
Paath - Kamal Lohani 7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
9-30 ’’ Samapti. 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
10 Sm, 1971 7-30 ’’ Sangeet
*6 a : 7-35 ’’ Kothika / Putul Nacher Khel:
7-00 P.M Udbodhani-O-Anushthan Punaprocher
Parichiti 7-42 ’’ Rabindra Sangeet
7-05 ’’ Agnishikha : 7-50 ’’ Kothika : aSE
(a) Sangbad Bulletin : 8-00 ’’ Gana Sangeet-O-Slogan
(b) Sangeet 8-15 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
(c) Kothika : Janatar 8-20 ’’ Kothika : PindirProlap : A.
Sangram : by Badrul Hasan Toab Khan
(d) Sangeet-O-Slogan 8-30 ’’ Samapti.
(e) Abrittt: Mustafa Anwar
(f) Sakkhatkar: Ranangane: d a %
Documentary 1-00 P. M. Udbodhani-O-Anushtha
(g) Amar Sonar Bangla Parichiti
7-45 ’’ Khabar : Bangla 1-05 ’’ (a) Khabar : Bangla
7-55 ’’ Sangbad Parjalochana: (b) Khabar : English
Lekha : AmirHassain 1-15 ’’ Sangeet
Paath : A. Rahman 1-23 ’’ Religious Prog. /Is tamer
8-00 ’’ Sangeet Drishtitie (!5iCut)-
8-08 ’’ Drishtipat : Zafar Sadeq Punaprachar
8-12 ’’ Sangeet (Folk Song) 1-30 ’’ Puthi-Mohammad Shah
8-17 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan Bangali
8-30 ’’ English Programme ; 1-40 ’’ Shahitya Anusthan :
Conducted by Aiy Zaker Chotagalpa-Musa Sadek
(a) Commentaries : by Ay 1-47 ’’ Jantrasangeet
Zaker 1-50 ’’ Kothika : Punaprachar-
(b) Patriotic Song BcimanerDalilByShawkat
(c) Extracts from World Press / Osman
Talk : Jamil Akhtar 2-00 ’’ Samapti.
(d) News
33
s d t n
*6 a : (a) Bajrakantha

7-00 P.M Udbodhani-O-Anushthan (b) Sangeet
Parichiti c) PratindidhirKantha: Abdul
7-05 ’’ Khabar: Bangla Malek Ukil MNA
7-15 ’’ Ganasangeet -O- Slogan d).....
7-30 ’’ Agnishikha : Parichalana - e) Kothika:
Ashfaqur Rahman Kathgarar Asami: Mustafizur
(a) Bajrakantha Rahman
(b) BiswaBibek-O-Bangladesh 0 Slogan & Sangeet
: Mohadev Shaha g) Janatar Sangram : Badrul
c) Sangeet Hasan
d) Abritti h) Juddher Khabar
e) IbliserMukhosh : Mesbah 8-25 ’’ Amar Sonar Bangla
Ahmed 8-30 ’’ English Programme :
f) Sangeet Conducted by Aiamgir Kabir
g) PindirProlap : Punaprochar 8-50 ’’ Khabar : English
h) Juddher Khabar 9-00 ’’ Palligeeti/ Puthipaath
8-25 ’’ Amar Sonar Bangla 8-10 ’’ Kothika :
5-30 ’’ English Programme Abdur Razzak Chowdhury
8-50 ’’ Khabar : English 9-20 ’’ Urdu Anushthan :
9-00 ’’ Puthi Path a) Kothika : Zahed Siddiqi
9-10 ’’ Kothika : Parjabekkhaker b) Khabar
Drishtite 9-35 ’’ Sanghad Parjalochana :
9-20 ’’ Urdu Anushthan : Script by Amir Hossain
a\ Kothika Readout by Ashfaqur Rahman
b) Khabar 9-40 ’’ Sangeet
9-35 ’’ Sanghad Parjalochana 9-45 ’’ Kothika : Islamer Drishtitie
9-40 ’’ Sangeet Shabe Kadar: Syed Ali Ahsan
9-45 ’’ Kothika: Islamer Drishtite 9-55 ’’ Sangeet
by Syed Ali Ahsan 10-00 ’’ Kothika : Drishtipat Dr.
9-55 ’’ Sangeet Mazharul Islam
10-00 ’’ Charampatra : M. R. Akhtar 10-10 ’’ Jeebantika: Zaiiader Darbar
10-10 ’’ Gram Bangla : Jeebantika " 10-15 ’’ Kothika
10-25 ’’ Khabar Shironam 10-25 ’’ Khabar Shironam
10-30 ’’ Samapti. 10-30 ’’ Samapti.
17 Sm, 1971 20 Sm
Sm,
m, 1971-
1971-
*6 a : p( a :
7-00 P. M. Udbodhani-O- 7-00 A.M. (a) Udbodhani
Mnushthan Parichiti (h) Quran Tillawat-O-Anubad
7-05 ’’ Khabar: Bangla (c) Anusthan Parichiti
7-15 ’’ Ganasangeet - O- Slogan 7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
7-30 ’’ Agnishikha : 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English :
34
s d t n
7-30 ’’ Musical Sketch: Specially c) Abriui:KrishakcrIdd by

composed for Idd-day-Scripl by Poet Nazrul Islam :To be
ShahiduL Islam &Ajit Roy.
7-45 ’’ Ramzaner-Oi-RojarShcshe: recited by MustafaAnwar
Script written by AbdulGaftar d) Kothika :BiswaBibek-0-
8-15 ’’ Chowdhury. Bangladesh
8-20 ’’ Sangcet Bajrakantha-O- e) Sangeet:
Slogan f) Pindir Prolap: Abu Toab
8-25 ’’ Samapti. Khan
d6 a :
g) Juddher Khabar
1-00 P.M M. Udbodhani-0 Anushthan
Parichiti 8-25 ’’ Amar Sonar Bangla
1-05 ’’ (a) Khabar: Bangla 8-30 ’’ English Programme :
(b) Khabar : English : Conducted by Alamgir Kabir
1-15 ’’ Sangeet 8-50 ’’ Khabar: English
1-23 ’’ Rakta Ranga Idd: Jibantika in 9-00 ’’ Palli Geeti
Banglai - Written by Badrul 9-10 ’’ SurjyaShapalh:TalkbyAbdur
Has an Razzak Chowdhury.
1-30 ’’ Puthi on Idd: Md. Shah 9-20 ’’ Urdu Anushthan :
Bangali,
a) Kothika :
1-40 ’’ Shahitya : Anusthan :
Chhotagalpa- b) Khabar
Bulban Osman 9-35 ’’ SanghadParjalochana:
1-47 ’’ Janlrasangeet & Slogan Script by Amir Hossain
1-50 ’’ Kothika : Idul Fittr : 9-40 ’’ Sangeet
2-00 ’’ TalkbySyedAli Ashan. 9-45 ’’ Kothika-.PatraPatrikar
2-05 ’’ Sangeet Mantabya-Script by Sadekm
Ramjanner-Oi-Rojar Sheshe 9-55 ’’ Chandar Talwar: Script by
(Re-broadcast): Script by MamunoorRashid, Produced
Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury
by Hasan Imam
2-30 ’’ Close Down.
*6 a 10-25 ’’ khabar Shironam
7-00 P.M Udbodhani-O-Anushthan 10-30 ’’ Samapti.
Parichiti 25 Sm,
Sm, 1971
7-05 ’’ Khabar : Bangla p( a :
7-15 ’’ Musical Sketches Specially 7-00 AM (a) Udbodhani
Composed on Idd: Script (b) Quran THawat-OAnubad
Written by Mustafizur (C) Anusthan Parichtti
Rahman Produced by 7-10 ’’ Khabar :Bangla
Ashraful Alam
7-20 ’’ Khabar : English :
7-30 ’’ Agnishikha : Ashfaqur
Rahman 7-30 ’’ Sangeet
(a) Bajrakantha 7-35 ’’ Kothika : Muktisangrame
(b) Sangeet : Idul 1'ittr Ei Dincy: Mayer Prerona
Talk in Bengali by Hafez 7-42 ’’ Rabindra Sangect/ Nazrul
Ali, Readout by Md. Faruq. Geeti
35
s d t n
7-50 ’’ Kothika : Drishtipath Script by 8-00 ’’ Ganasangcet with Narrations

8-00 ’’ Dr. M. Islam 8-15 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan
8-15 ’’ Gana Sangeet with mirations 8-20 ’’ Kothika : Pindir Prolap : By Abu
8-20 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan Toab Khan
Kothika : Pindir Prolap-Script
and Read out by Abu Toab 8-30 ’’ Samapti.
Khan d6 a
8-30 ’’ Samapti. 1-00 P. M.Udbodhani-O- Anushthan
d a : Parichiti
1-00 P. M.Udbodhani-O- Anushthan 1-05 ’’ (a) Khabar : Bangla-Rcad out by
Parichiti Kamal Lohani
1-05 ’’ (a) Khabar : Bangla (b) Khabar : English-Read out
(b) Khabar : English by Parveen Hossain
1-15 ’’ Sangeet 1.-15 ’’ Sangeet
1-23 ’’ Religious Prog. / Geeta Paath 1-23 ’’ Jibantika : Janatar Adalat
1-30 ’’ Palligeeti/Puthi/Jari
1-40 ’’ Shahitya Anusthan : 1-30 ’’ Pally Gccti/Puthi/Jari
Rakler Akhore Likhi by Jafar 1-40 ’’ Shahitya Anusthan :
Sadek, Read out by Ashraful Rakta Shakkhar : Chhotogalpa
Alarn 1-47 ’’ Jantrasangeet
1-47 ’’ Jantrasangect 1-50 ’’ Kothika : A talk from
1-50 ’’ Kothika : A suitable talk from Agnishikha to be re-b cast
"Agnishikha to be re-b'cast 2-00 ’’ Samapti
Kathgorar Asami: M. Rahman 10 m,
m, 1971
2-00 ’’ Samapti p( a :
4 m,
m, 1971 7-00 A.M. (a) Udbodhani
p( a :
(b) Quran Tilawat-O-Anubad
7-00 AM (a) Udbodhani
(b) Quran Tilawat-O-Anubad (c) Anuslhan Parichiti
(c) Anusthan Parichiti 7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla-Read out by 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
Babul Akthar 7-30 ’’ Sangeet-O-Slogan
7-20 ’’ Khabar : English Read out by 7-40 ’’ Kothika : Muku' Sangram-O-
7-30 ’’ Parveen Hossain BanglarNari:
7-35 ’’ Sangeet Subhra Chowdhury
Kothika : Parjabekkhaker 7-47 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan
Drishtite : Script by Faiz 7-50 ’’ Kothika : Swikritir Khabar
Ahmed
7-42 ’’ Rabindra Sangeet / Nazrul Peye (s* 6)
Geeti Shawkat Osman
7-50 ’’ Kothika я g- 7-58 ’’ Khabar Shironarn
Eяu 7 8-00 ’’ Kothika / Pindir Prolap : Abu
Toab Khan
8-10 ’’ Sangeet
36
s d t n
8-15 ’’ Kothika : Bangladesh-O- 7-25 ’’ Sangeet

Buddhijeebi Samprodai : 7-30 ’’ Agnishikha :
Dr. (a) Bajrakantha-O- Slogan
Ajoy Roy (b) Sangeet :
8-22 ’’ Nazrul Geeti (c) Pratinidhir Kantha :
8-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam Palligecti Zillur Rahman. M. N. A
8-30 ’’ d) Abritti : Blank Verse :
8-42 ’’ Bajrakanlha-O-Slogan Ashfaqur Rahman & Umme
8-42 ’’ JanIra Sangeet-O-Slogan Kulsum
8-45 ’’ Khabar: Urdu e) Jantra Sangect-OSlugan
8-50 ’’ Khabar : Bangla f) Kothika : Janatar Sangram
9-00 ’’ Samapti. : Gaziul Huq
d6 a g) Sangeet
1.00 P.M. Udbodhani-O- Anushthan h) Kothika / Ranangan
Parichiti Ghure
1-05 ’’ Khabar : Bangla Elam : Musa Sadek
1-15 ’’ Khabar : English j) Juddher Khabar
1-25 ’’ Saneet 8-10 ’’ AMAR SONAR BANGLA
1-30 ’’ g 8-15 ’’ Urdu Anusthan :
1-37 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan (a) Kothika
1-40 ’’ Sahitya Anushtahn : Rakta (b) Khabar
Swakkhar / Self Composed 8-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam
Poems by Asit Roy 8-30 ’’ English Programme
Chowdhury 8-50 ’’ Parjabekkhaker Drishtite :
& Sabuj Chakravarty Scripte-Faiz Ahmed Read
1-50 ’’ Sangeet out by Kamal Eohani
1-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam 8-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam
2-00 ’’ Kothika : 9-00 ’’ Kothika : я?7 7
2-07 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slpgan udM
2-10 ’’ Kothika : Ekti Samikkha : 9-10 ’’ Jeebantika : Gram Bangla
Script-Fafez Ali 9-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam
2-20 ’’ Sangeet 9-30 ’’ Sanghad Parjalochana :
2-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam Script by-Amir Hossain
2-30 ’’ Puthipath : Muhammad 9-40 ’’ Sangect-O-Slogan
Shah 9-50 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
Bangali 10-00 ’’ Samapti.
2-40 ’’ Kothika : Drishtipat : Dr. 12 m 1971
Mazharul Islam p( a :
2-50 ’’ Khabar Bangla 7-00 A.M. (a)Udbodhani
3-00 ’’ Samapti. (b) Quran Tilawat-O-
*6 a Anubad
7-00 P.M. Udbodhani-O-Anushthan (c) Anusthan Parichiti
Parichiti 7-10 ’’ Khabar: Bangla
7-05 ’’ Khabar : Bangla 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
7-15 ’’ Khabar : English 7-30 ’’ Sangeet-O-Slogan
37
s d t n
7-40 ’’ Kothika : e' <M-я 2-40 ’’ Kothika : Ranangan Ghure

я7 Elam : Musa Sadek
7-47 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan 2-50 ’’ Khabar Bangla
7-50 ’’ Kothika ei d P d : 3-00 ’’ Samapti.
16 m,
m, 1971
7-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam p( a :
8-00 ’’ Kothika 7-00 A.M. (a)Udbodhani
8-10 ’’ Sangeet (b) Quran Tilawat-O-
8-15 ’’ Kothika : _ o Anubad
: 7 7, ¦ : 7d (c) Anuslhan Parichiti
i 7-10 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
8-22 ’’ Nazrul Geeti Khabar 7-20 ’’ Khabar : English
8-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam 7-30 ’’ Sangcct-O-Slogan
8-30 ’’ 8 94 : /. я:
i 7-40 ’’ Kothika : Desh Gathane
8-40 ’’ Bajrakantha-O-Slogan Narir
8-42 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan Bhumika : Parveen Akhtar
8-45 ’’ Khabar : Urdu 7-47 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan
8-50 ’’ Khabar : Bangla 7-50 ’’ Kothika : Moder Garab Moder
9-00 ’’ Samapti. Asha : Asad Chowdhury
13 m, 1971 7 -58 ’’ Khabar Shironam
d6 a 8-00 ’’ Kothika : Drishtikon : Abu
1.00 P.M. Udbodhani-O- Anushthan Toab Khan
Parichiti 8-10 ’’ Sangeet
1-05 ’’ Khabar: Bangla 8-15 ’’ Kothika : Satyer Jhankar :
1-05 ’’ Khabar: English Pranab Chowdhury
1-25 ’’ Sangeet 8-22 ” Nazrul Geeti
1-30 ’’ Biswa Janamat: Script - 8-28 ” Khabar Shironam
Sadekin 8-30 ” Kothika : Surja Shapath :
1-37 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan Rezwanul Huq Chowdhury
1-40 ’’ Sahitya Anushtahn : Rakta 8-35 ” Jantra Sangeet-O-Abritti from
Swakkhar/Swarochita Kabita Shamsur Rahman or Sukanta
Nirmalendu Gun by Mustafa Anwar
1-50 ’’ Sangeet 8-40 ’’ Bajrakantha -O- Slogan
1-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam 8-42 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan
2-00 ’’ Kothika : 8-45 ’’ Khabar : Urdu
2-07 ’’ Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan 8-50 ’’ Khabar : Bangla
2-10 ’’ Kothika : Parjabekkhaker 9-00 ’’ Samapti.
Drishtite ( p") *6 a
2-20 ’’ Sangeet 7-00 P. M. Udbodhani-O-Anushthan
2-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam Parichiti
2-30 ’’ Pallygeeti Puthipath : 7-05 ’’ Khabar: Bangla
Muhammad Shah Bangali 7-15 ’’ Khabar: English
7-25 ’’ Sangeet
7-30 ’’ Agnishikha :
(a) Bajrakantha-O- Slogan 7-30 ’’ я6W P
(b) Kothika : 6 s m~h©- ? $
p 7 7-42 ’’ ei ei я P
c) Sangeet яn
38
s d t n
d) Abritti : Shahidul Mam " : ',ei" ।

e) Jaritra Sangeet-O-Slogan f) 7-52 ’’ () as6 pn o p nt
Kothika : SPK
cM : () я6 uQ; oi
Shamim Chowdhury P ?।
g) я6W E 8-00 ’’ ½E o E (s s ......)
h) Juddher Khahar
8-10 ’’ Orchestra
8-15 ’’ Urdu Anusthan : Conducted
8-05 ’’ p nt ( ‘ ’ t
by p k
Zaheed Siddique 8-10 ’’ ' я : nd
a) Kothika by Shahidur Rah ?
man 8-15 ’’ "t : e,<, <
b) Khabar 8-25 ’’ t E
8-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam 8-30 ’’ nt? o ½E
8-30 ’’ English Programme 8-35 ’’ '
8-50 ’’ Parjabekkhukcr Drishtitc : o
Faiz ' n 6E
Ahrned
m0 YPK।
8-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam
8-40 ’’ t E
9-00 ’’ Kothika : Charampatra : M. R.
Akhtar 8-45 ’’ : ud0
9-10 ’’ Jeebantika : Written by Kalyan 8-50 ’’ :
Mitra 9-00 ’’ p।
9-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam d6 a
9-30 ’’ Sanghad Parjalochana : 1-00 ud o a $ "
Amir Hossain 1-05 ’’
9-40 ’’ Sangeet-O-Slogan 1-15 ’’ iя
9-50 ’’ Khabar : Bangla 1-25 ’’ ?
10-00 ’’ Samapti. 1-30 ’’ : (-
17 m,
m, 1971
1-37 ’’ Sns p
p( a :
ac 6E m0

7-00 . ud YPK।
. o6 o a $ 1-42 ’’ 7M $ : s"
" <* 7m c o <
7-10 ’’ : nd
7-20 ’’ : iя
1-50 ’’ ? ( r 7

1-58 ’’ c) Sangeet: o < '
2-00 ’’ .......... d) Abritti
2-07 ’’ nt? o mE c) Jantra Sangeet-O-Slogan
39
s d t n
2-10 ’’ h i7 E (- Kothika : Mohadeb Sana

я6 t '......... g) Kothika
2-20 ’’ ? h) Sangeet
2-28 ’’ i) Juddher Khabar
2-30 ’’ lE/} (¦ 8-10 ’’ Orchestra
2-45 ’’ Sn s p 8-15 ’’ Urdu Anusthan :
ac 6E m0 a) Kothika / Jibantika
YPK b) Khabar
2-46 ’’ ? 8-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam
2-53 ’’ 8-30 ’’ English Programme
3-00 ’’ p 8-50 ’’ Parjabekkhaker Drishtite:
*6 a Script by Faiz Ahmed, Read
7-00 P.M. Udbodhani-O-Anushthan out by Kamal Lohani
Parichiti 8-58 ’’ Khabar Shironam
7-05 ’’ Khabar: Bangla 9-00 ’’ Kothika / Drishtikon : by Abu
7-15 ’’ Khabar: English Toab Khan
7-25 ’’ Sangeet 9-10 ’’ Patriotic Song
7-30 ’’ Agnishikha : Condt. by 9-28 ’’ Khabar Shironam
Ashraful Alam 9-30 ’’ Sanghad Parjalochana:
(a) Bajrakamha-O- Slogan Mustafizur Rahman
(b) 4 : ';
' 9-40 ’’ Sangeet-O-Slogan
9-50 ’’ Khabar: Bangla
10-00 ’’ Samapti.
40
s d t n
t

4। s nd ( s nd- 26 -5 я , 1971
p" o iя e t

26-
26-5-71
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41
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42
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iя
26-5-71
1. Syed Nazrul Islam, the acting President of people’s Republic of Bangladesh,

said: In the recognition of the freedom and sovereignty of Bangladesh, lies the key to
the restoration of normalcy this part of the world.
2. The Chairman of the war on want organization and a Labor M.P. had called on
the Prime Minister, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed.
43
s d t n
3. The Budapest Peace Conference condemned the Pakistani atrocities in

Bangladesh.
4. The 72nd birthday of Poet Nazrul Islam is being celebrated throughout
Bangladesh today.
5. The Liberation Forces captured a gunboat, shattered a culvert and burnt
Pakistani check posts.
6. The Chief of the Pakistan Bouddha Krishti Prachar Sangha has cabled U Thant
about the plight of the Buddhists in Bangladesh.
7. Mr. Justice Abu Sayeed Choudhury, a Bangladesh special envoy to the U. N.
O. has proceeded to New York.
8. Terrors talks every corner of East Bengal today, says the London Times.
9. The Soviet President Mr. Podgorny arrived in Cairo yesterday.
The acting President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Syed Nazrul Islam
has said that in the recognition of the independence and sovereignty of Bangladesh
lies the key to the restoration of normalcy in that part of the world. He has expressed
his hope that the United Nations will not fail to bring in pressure on the Pakistani
Government to pull Pakistani forces out of Bangladesh.
The acting President of Bangladesh was talking lo a special correspondent of
United Press International.
While commenting on the Secretary General U Thant's appeal seeking relief for
the Bengalee evacuees in India, Syed Nazrul Islam said that the appeal of U That is an
admission' that a large number of Bengalees had to leave their hearth and home under
a terrible situation perpetrated by the military junta of Pakistan. The unbearable
circumstances that warrants the people to leave their homeland is also evident in the
Secretary General's appeal itself.
Syed Nazrul Islam told the U. P. I. correspondent that he hoped the Secretary
General of the U. N. O. will take up the responsibility of creating such conditions
inside Bangladesh to enable the evacuees to return home. By this he meant that the U.
N. O. should bring pressure upon the Pakistani Government so that the Pakistani
Occupation Army is withdrawn from Bangladesh and the freedom and sovereignty of
Bangladesh is recognized. Only in that condition can normalcy be restored in
Bangladesh.
The Chairman of the War on Want organization of England, Mr. Donald

Chessworth and a Labor Party M. P., Mr. Michael Burns called on the Prime Minister
of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed yesterday. The British
leaders spent at least three hours with our Prime Minister and discussed points of
mutual interest. The Question of recognition of Bangladesh by the British
Government is believed to have
44
s d t n
figured prominently in the discussions. Our Prime Minister Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed
wanted to know from the British leaders what they understood by a political
settlement of Bangladesh issue. The British leaders told the Prime Minister that
fulfillment of the hopes and aspirations of the majority of people in Bangladesh is
considered to be the political settlement of the Bangladesh issue. They said that by
driving a considerable number of Bengalees out of their own country, a political
solution cannot be imposed on them in any case.
125 representatives of 55 participating countries in the World Peace Conference

in Budapest have jointly issued an appeal to the world governments to extend relief
and succour to the Bengalee evacuees in India. The conference also invoked the good
offices of the world governments to create a situation congenial for the evacuees to
return home. The signatories of the appeal consists of Ministers, Members of
Parliament, lawyers, doctors and leaders of Afro-Asian freedom fighters and neutral
powers. They held the Government of Pakistan responsible for the unprecedented
carnage and genocide in Bangladesh and condemned the action with all the emphasis
at their command. They have called upon the Pakistan military junta to be respectful
to the democratic hopes and aspirations of the people of Bangladesh. They have also
called upon the United States sponsored SEATO and CENTO Organizations to stop
helping Pakistan's ruling military Junta. Mr. M. A. Samad. M. N. A, has represented
Bangladesh in this peace conference in Budapest. He is now supposed to be on his
way to England.
An Awami League Working Committee Member, Mr. Molla Jalaluddin. M. N. A,

is presently touring Patna. He held talks with State Government leaders and will
continue to do so during his stay there.
The news is coming to you from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra.
Reports reaching here from the Southern sectors of the Liberation Army, suggests
that after a tense fighting the Liberation Army has captured an enemy gunboat which
was patrolling the coastal areas of Barisal. AM the Pakistani troops in the gunboats
were drowned in the water. The jawans of the Liberation Army made a severe attack
on a Police Station in the District of Barisal, captured it and vanquished the local
quislings.
In the Rangpur sector. Pakistani Force were taken to task when they were trying
to cross the River Dharla. Near Rajshahi a culvert has been blown away due to a mine
operation and an'enemy jeep was destroyed. In the Sylhet sector the Liberation Army
conducted a guerilla attack on an enemy convoy. Seven enemy trucks were destroyed
in the operation.
In the Kasba sector, the Mukti Fouj, attacked an enemy lorry full of ammunition
and food and set fire to it. The Ballabpur Pakistan outpost was suddenly attacked by
Mukti Fouj and two of its guards were killed. At Kathalbaria, a Pakistan army Captain
and a few of his followers were killed. At Sreebardi. the Mukti Fouj has successfully
blown a concrete bridge. In Jamkandi and Lalapunji, two Pakistani outposts were
burned by the Mukti Fouj. At Bibirbazar of Comilia sector, an enemy lorry was
destroyed by mine operation.
45
s d t n
The President of Pakistan Bouddha Krishti Prachar Sangha and Pakistan Region
Centre for the World Fellowship of Buddhists, Mr. Jyotipal Mohalhero, sent a cable to
Thant the Secretary General of the U. N. O. describing the plight of the Buddhists
Bangladesh. He invited protection for the Buddhists of Bangladesh immediately from
the world organization. The cable said : "Many Buddhists including Bhikkus of East
Bengal brutally killed by Pakistani troops : Temples demolished. Buddhist villages
burnt to ashes. Property looted by miscreants actively aided by Pakistani troops.
Please arrange for their protection."
Mr. Justice Abu Sayeed Choudhury, a special envoy of the People's Republic c
Bangladesh to the U. N. O. has gone to New York from London to take up his
assignment. He will present the case of Bangladesh to the Council of Nations. Mr.
Justice Choudhury will also present a pen-picture of the planned genocide and
preconceive) extermination of the youth and intellectuals in Bangladesh by the
belligerent Pakistani Army, to the press and people of the U. S. A.
All over Bangladesh the 72nd birthday of the Rebel Poet, Nazrul Islam is being
celebrated today. The cultural and social organizations of Bangladesh have drawn up
various programmes like seminars, cultural functions etc. in the occasion. The
Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra will broadcast a special programme on Nazrul Jayanti
in its evening transmission today.
The Times of London has carried an exhaustive on the grim social conditions
prevalent in Bangladesh today. Times correspondent Peter Hazelhurst writes : Terror
stalks every corner of East Bengal today. Millions of people have been left homeless,
famine is around the corner and there are not enough doctors left to combat an
expected epidemic.
The Soviet President Mr. Podgorny arrived in Cairo yesterday on a two day visit
for talks with President Anwar Sadat on the latest Middle East crisis.
More than £1 million donated by the British public for the victims of a cyclone
disaster in Bangladesh last November is still lying in Banks in London even after six
months after the catastrophe. Oxfam, one of the largest British relief agencies, says
that the money is lying idle because the Pakistan Government has refused to allow
relief workers into the area,
27-5-71
* * * *
The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has said : We wanted
to establish democratic rights of the people in Pakistan and to that end we tried our
best.
46
s d t n
When all our peaceful attempts were tailed and on the night of" the 25th of March
Yahya's army most shamelessly cracked down on the unarmed people of Bangladesh,
we had no alternative hut to proclaim independence of Bangladesh to safeguard the
very entity of 15 million democratic Bengalees of Bangladesh.
Our Prime Minister was talking to a correspondent of the Times of London. He

said What I cannot understand is how the democratic govt. of the world could afford
to continue supporting a dictatorial regime of a military junta in preference to a nation
involved to the last in a democratic struggle for survival with democratic values of life
and hopes of a statehood.
West Pakistan will be bankrupt by the end of the Summer and will be unable to
sustain its struggle against Bangladesh according to leading economist of Pakistan.
Dr. Robert Dorfman, the Harvard economist, said yesterday that West Pakistan cannot
continue without some kind of aid from outside which can be diverted towards
military efforts in Bangladesh. He said : It appeared that West Pakistan was
desperately seeking a moratorium on its dept installment which fall due this month.
Therefore the continued flow of American grants and loans is the most immediate
objective in West Pakistan strategy, more important by far than any military
operations. He said that the U. S. A should therefore refuse to finance any military
operations.
The Pakistani arrogance has at last been swallowed by them when they agreed to
accommodate representative of Secretary General U Thant, to coordinate relief work
in Bangladesh. This was made clear in a letter from the Pakistani representative in the
U. N. O. Mr. Agha Shahi. The letter was published in the U. N. O headquarters
yesterday. Previously no less a person than the President of the now defunct Pakistan,
himself declined to accommodate such representatives of the U. N. O.
The Soviet Communist Party Paper, Pravda, today highlighted the firing by the
Pakistani army into Assam on Monday, thus reflecting Soviet concern over growing
tension in that region. The report depicted the incident as an act of provocation on the
part of the Pakistani Army in occupation of East Bengal.
The U. N. O. Secretary General U Thant has expressed his final decision not to
contest for the office for another term.
The Indian Prime Minister. Mrs. Indira Gandhi, appealed to the world community
to intercede for restoration of peace and democracy in Bangladesh. She was replying
to a 8 hr. long debate in the Indian Lok Sobha yesterday. She emphasized that the
refugee influx and other developments caused by Pakistan's calculated genocide in
Bangladesh threatens the peace and security of India and indeed of South-East Asia.
The Soviet President Podgorny accompanied by his military, economic, and

political aids has started discussion with his Egyptian counterpart President An war
Sadat. Podgorny reached Cairo on Monday last and met the Egyptian President in the
night. The meeting continued yesterday.
47
s d t n
Yahya's occupation government could not clear the salaries of the government
officials for the month of May even today. Some lump sum were doled out to officials
in certain areas the dole did not reach.
The Awami League quarters has ruled out the possibility of any negotiated
settlement of the Bangladesh issue and said whoever tries to that end will be totally
rejected by the people of Bangladesh. The attention of this quarter was drawn to a U.
S. State Department spokesman claiming recently that an emissary of Yahya Khan
had suggested formula for a compromise solution. The Awami League circle
emphatically told. Bangladesh is a free and sovereign country today and there is no
fresh scope for talks.
The Bangladesh Government sources said that the chief of the Bangladesh
mission in Calcutta, Mr. Hossain Ali called on Poet Nazrul Islam yesterday to pay
respect on behalf of the 75 million people of Bangladesh on the occasion of his 72nd
birthday. Mr. Hossain All accompanied by his wife, went to visit the poet yesterday
morning and garlanded the poet on behalf of the people of Bangladesh.
In a brief statement in the poet's house, Mr. Hossain AM said : "A terrible
carnage is on in the beloved land of Poet Nazrul Islam today. The people of
Bangladesh have waged a war of independence against an occupation Army. Insha
Allah we shall be victorious."
2-6-71
This is Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra.
Here is the news read by Parveen Hossain.
1. The foreign banks in Pakistan have declined to underwrite letters of credits
from Pakistan.
2. The 3-member Bangladesh Parliamentary delegation has met the Indian
President and the Prime Minister in New Delhi.
3. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan has blamed the power hungry rich classes of West
Pakistan for the crisis in Bangladesh.
4. Four young freedom fighters killed three Pakistani agents at Jhikargacha on
Monday last.
5. Moulana Bhashani said : Freedom is the only goal of the people of
Bangladesh.
The foreign monetary institutions have raised an alarm with regard to Pakistan's
credibility abroad and have declined to underwrite letters of credit from Pakistan.
The foreign banks have also demanded 100% deposits for such purposes.
48
s d t n
The Pakistani businessmen have told by the bank officials that they have taken
this step due to the grave economic crisis of Pakistan.
A leading export-import businessman told Pakistani newsmen yesterday that an
American bank had first demanded 100% deposit as a condition for opening letters of
credits for imports from the U. S. A.
The Swiss and Japanese banks have also refused to issue letters of credit to
Pakistani businessmen.
Another businessman is reported to have complained that the Japanese banks

have gone to the extent of demanding a guarantee by banking establishments in
England because the Ministry of Trade in Japan has stopped exporting insurance
orders for Pakistan.
The refusal of foreign banks to issue letter of credit has created a scare among the
West Pakistani business community.
The three-member Bangladesh Parliamentary delegation, headed by Mr. Phani

Majumder has met the Indian President and the Prime Minister in New Delhi. The
legislators from Bangladesh, including Mrs. Noorjahan Morshed and Shah Moazzem
Hossain, also addressed the members of the Indian Parliament yesterday at the
Parliament House. A spokesman of the Foreign Office of the Government of
Bangladesh, told us: In the course of their 45 minutes talk with Mrs. Indira Gandhi,
the Indian Prime Minister, the members of the Bangladesh delegation discussed the
problems relating to the refugee problem created in India by the West Pakistani
atrocities in Bangladesh.
They also discussed the question of recognition of the Bangladesh Government.
The Indian President, Mr. V. V. Giri, gave them a hearing for about 20 minutes
and discussed various matters relating to Bangladesh.
The three legislators from Bangladesh, while addressing the Indian Parliament,
made an impassioned appeal for the recognition of Bangladesh by the Government of
India. They put before the Indian Parliamentarians the background of the Bangladesh
issue, its exploitation by the West Pakistani rulers, the discrimination meted out to the
majority people and finally the reign of terror let loose by the West Pakistani army on
the innocent people of Bangladesh,
Addressing the Indian M.P.s Mr. Phani Majumdar said: Bangladesh stands for
democracy, secularism and socialism. He called upon the Indian Government, to
recognize the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Mr. Majumdar
also urged the Indian M. P. s to take up the question of the release of Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, at every national and international forum.
49
s d t n
Mrs. Noorjahan Morshed, while referring to the talk of political settlement, said':
If, is to be a political settlement, it will have to be on our terms. And that is complete;
withdrawal of the West Pakistani Army and the Liberation of Bangladesh.
Mr. Shah Moazzem Hossain, in his speech before the Indain M, P.s described the
discrimination the people of Bangladesh, who constituted the majority, had suffered
since the creation of Pakistan. He said: It is the rulers of Pakistan who have
disintegrated Pakistan. They have killed Pakistan; we are only burying it. Mr.
Moazzem Hossain said: Pakistan, with its two wings separated, and having nothing in
common between the people of the two wings except religion, could not sustain
without the will of the people. Such a will could develop only when all were treated
an equals and not as slaves.
Mr. Moazzem Hossain gave a description of the killing unleashed by Yahya

Khan's Army. He said : about five lakhs of people have been killed in Bangladesh. In
his speech, Mr. Moazzem Hossain also appealed to the Indian Government to offer
diplomatic recognition to the Government of Bangladesh.
This is Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra giving you the news,
The Pakhtoon leader. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, has blamed the aggressive,
power-hungry, rich class of West Pakistan for the present crisis in Bangladesh.
Reporting this, the Kabul daily 'Caravan' says : The Frontier Gandhi Khan Abdul
Gaffar Khan, is prepared to leave for Bangladesh to mediate between the Awami
League and the West Pakistani leaders.
The Pakhtoon leader has also said : He has been asked by the Pakistan Council in
Jalalabad to visit Pakistan and have meeting with President Yahya Khan, Khan Abdul
Ghaffar Khan is reported to have rejected this Pakistani offer and has declined to meet
a military dictator of Pakistan.
Mr. M. Mansoor Ali, Minister for Finance. Govt. of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh, has today proceeded for a trip to the eastern part of Bangladesh. During
his stay there, he is expected to meet the Awami League M.P.A.s and M, N.A.s,
leaders and workers.
The freedom fighters of Bangladesh are reported to have intensified guerilla

activities m Rangpur, Comilla and Dacca sectors. A number of bridges on the railway
line between Lalmanirhat and Keknia, have been blown up, dislocating railway
communications for the Pakistani troops. In the Lalmonirhat-Kurigram area, freedom
fighters have continued to harass the Pakistani troops by frequent commando raids. It
is reported, in a recent encounter, the Liberation Forces killed 6 Pakistani soldiers and
destroyed an enemy jeep at Lalmonirhat.
In the Dacca sector, the freedom fighters are reported to have exchanged fire
recently with a Pakistani Army patrol, northeast of Mymemsingh. The Liberation
Forces have
50
s d t n
also successfully prevented (he Pakistani troops, from crossing the River Dharla. The
enemy troops retaliated by burning down villages and attacking the civilian
population.
In the Comilla sector, the Liberation Forces damaged two Railway bridges near
Akhaura to disrupt the movement of the Pakistani Army. In Comilla the Pakistani
troops are reported to have molested and abducted women after killing a number of
people. The Pakistani soldiers also shot dead about 300 people, south of Chandpur. In
Jessore, the local population killed two Pakistani soldiers recently.
Road and rail communication between Dacca and Chittagong have not yet been
restored. Our Mymensingh correspondent reports: The freedom fighters have
dislodged Pakistani troops from Mymensingh's Tawakucha border outpost.
Four young freedom fighters killed three Pakistani agents at Ganganandapur in

Jhikargacha Thana on Monday last. These agents included the local President of the
Anjuman-e-Muhajarian, A. Samad and two sub-inspectors of Jhikargacha Police
Station. It is reported these Pakistani agents, with the help of the local goondas, were
loading a jeep with articles looted from the civilians, when the four freedom fighters
launched a surprise attack and killed three of them. The freedom fighters seized a few
rifles and a light machine gun. The enemy jeep was captured and the dead body of a
killed agent was also brought by the freedom fighters.
This news broadcast comes to you from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra.
The National Awami Party leader, Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, has
ruled out the possibility of coming to a political settlement of the Bangladesh issue. In
clear cut terms the Moulana declared: Our fight against Pakistan will continue to the
last. Either we win or we die.
He said: Even if attempts are made for a political settlement either by someone in
Bangladesh or abroad, the 75 million people of Bangladesh will reject it outright. The
reason is that the people have lost their faith in the Pakistani Government, more so
after its recent atrocities perpetrated on the people of Bangladesh, which is something
unheard of in human history.
The Moulana said : He would not mind a referendum being held under the U.N.
auspices to ascertain the wishes of the people of Bangladesh. He said : He is sure that
not even 1% of the people will vote against independence,
The Moulana has also called upon such countries like the U.S.A., U.S.S.R.,
Britain and China, which are friendly to Pakistan, to send out their journalists to make
an independent study of the Pakistan Army's atrocities in Bangladesh. Declaring his
support to the Awami League leadership, Moulana Bhashani said : Nothing should be
done to provide an opportunity to the Pakistan Government to divide and rule the
people of Bangladesh.
51
s d t n
(This is Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra giving you the news.)
The Bangladesh emissary, Mr. Abdus Samad, now on a visit to Moscow, has said
that Yahya's appeal to the evacuees to return to Bangladesh from India has been made
only to mislead the people of the world. He said : While the West Pakistani troops
continue genocide and barbaric atrocities in Bangladesh, this appeal from Yahya
Khan is nothing but a cruel gesture.
Mr. Samad has been touring different countries of Europe for the last three weeks
to give a clear picture of the Bangladesh situation to European leaders.
And that is the end of the news.
5-6-71
This is Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra.
The news read by Parveen Hossain.
1. Widespread condemnation of Pakistani Army's inhuman atrocities upon the

innocent people of Bangladesh, has been reported from different corners of the world.
2. The Pakistani Government has at long last accepted the humiliating position of
standing defaulter to its creditor countries as a sequel of its war of Bangladesh.
3. The correspondent of the Dally Telegraph reports that the Pakistani army fears
a Vietnam type guerilla warfare in Bangladesh.
4. The Freedom Fighters of Bangladesh continue launching massive attacks upon

the Pakistani aggressors in all sectors.
5. Radio Australia reports : A Roman Catholic Archbishop of Calcutta, has

confirmed that at least three priests have been killed by the Pakistani Army in
Bangladesh in the past two months.
Widespread condemnation of the Pakistan Army's inhuman atrocities upon the

innocent people of Bangladesh has been reported from different corners of the world.
More and more people of the world are expressing their sympathy and support for the
The World Federation of the United Nations Associations has expressed grave
concern over the genocide committed in Bangladesh by the West Pakistani
mercenaries. The 23rd Plenary Assembly of the Federation held in Luxemburg, has
adopted a resolution condemning Pakistan for the massacre in Bangladesh. The
Pakistani Ambassador to Belgium, was also not permitted to attend the Assembly
session. The
52
s d t n
Assembly of the World Federation of the U.N. Associations was attended by

delegates from 52 countries of the world including U.S.A. U.S.S.R. Britain, Poland,
Italy, Yugoslavia, Australia and Ghana. A spokesman of the Federation has said : It is
significant that all delegates were very much vocal in condemning the unfortunate
killing f hundreds of thousands of people of Bangladesh.
The Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies have called upon the U.N.O. and other
international organizations in demanding that the military Government of Pakistan
aspect the human rights of the people of Bangladesh. They have also urged the world
bodies to put pressure upon Pakistan to facilitate the return of the Bengalee evacuees
who, as to flee from Bangladesh following the bloody repression by the Pakistani
Army. In a resolution unanimously passed by the 214 members of the Venezuelan
Chamber of Deputies have deplored such acts of violence as have occurred in
Bangladesh, and particularly acts of genocide against the Bengalee population.
Thailand has suspended the supply of aviation fuel to Pakistan as a mark of

protest against the mass killing in Bangladesh by the West Pakistani soldiers. The
Thai Foreign Ministry has announced his Government's inability to supply aviation
spirits to Pakistan "or military operation against the 75 million innocent people of
Bangladesh. The Thai leaders are also reported to be keeping themselves informed
about the situation in Bangladesh.
The Vatican daily, 'Observatory Romano' has expressed the view that the war
thrust upon Bangladesh by the army junta of Pakistan could have repercussions of
incalculable proportions. In a front page comment the paper said: In order to solve the
crisis, Pakistan should immediately stop the war and accept the right of freedom and
self-determination of the people of Bangladesh. Otherwise East Bengal will be torn by
guerilla war which will have economic repercussions on West Pakistan.
The Pakistan Government has at long last accepted the humiliating position of
standing defaulter to its creditor countries as a sequel of its war on Bangladesh.
Shamelessly the military rulers of Pakistan, have asked its representatives in the
countries concerned to beg debt relief. Reliable sources tell us that Pakistan is
currently incurring a loss of Rs. 120 to Rs. 150 million per month, due to what
Pakistan calls 'temporary interruptions of export earnings in East Bengal'. Most of the
Pakistani missions have been instructed to approach the Governments of their
accreditation for the grant of debt relief.
The correspondent of the Daily Telegraph reported on May 20th that Pakistan
Army in Bangladesh which claimed a month ago that it had the situation under
control. But now they have expressed fear that a Vietnam type guerilla warfare was
developing in Bangladesh. Every night, the correspondent says, the freedom fighters
carry out about 30 acts of demolitions to disrupt enemy movement and inflict heavy
casualties on them. Pakistani senior officers predicted that more intensive guerilla
warfare are likely in Bangladesh during the coming Monsoons, the correspondent
added.
53
s d t n
The freedom fighters of Bangladesh continue launching massive attacks upon the
West Pakistani aggressors in all sectors. In a determined bid to crush the enemy, the
Liberation Forces have been putting up stiff resistance on all fronts. The freedom
fighters are also harassing the Pakistani soldiers by cutting off strategic rail and road
points. In all the sectors the Pakistani troops have been confronted with the problem
of moving their men.
The liberation forces have blown up a bridge connecting Birol and Kanchan
Railway Stations in order to block the movement of Pakistani troops.
Our Rangpur correspondent reported that the freedom fighters launched a

surprise attack upon the Pakistani soldiers patrolling a place between Lalmonirhat and
Barbari. This operation took a toll of 16 enemy soldiers.
The freedom fighters have blown up the Swarmati Railway Bridge. It is reported
that the Liberation Forces also attacked a train carrying Pakistani soldiers and killed
ten of them.
The freedom fighters have destroyed two ferry boats on the Bhotmari Ghat of
Tista. These boats were being used by the Pakistani Army to move its troops. Due to
the disruption of rail and road communications throughout the northern pans of
Bangladesh, the Pakistani troops have been faced with a very difficult situation
regarding their movement.
Fierce fighting between the freedom fighters and the West Pakistani mercenaries
is reported from Amarkhana in the northern sector.
The Liberation Forces also exchanged heavy fire with the Pakistani troops last
Friday at Bhurungamari and inflicted casualties upon the enemy. A large number of
Pakistani soldiers are reported to have been killed in this engagement. At Dinajpur the
freedom fighters launched massive attacks upon Pakistan Army position in several
places.
Radio Australia reports: A Roman Catholic Archbishop of Calcutta has

confirmed that at least three priests have been killed by the Pakistan Army in
Bangladesh in the past two months. The Archbishop is reported to have said that the
latest death he has confirmed occurred on May 8 when the Pakistani troops passing in
a truck fired on a priest at a church close to the Pakistani border.
54
s d t n
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60
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я0 EKnt Knt ei i7 _ яV 7 rK
0K0 ; । } , ei i7 ( K(0 S "
E; M t <nя0 M K0 76; 6। ei i7
76;, ( Z s 7 7 pM7, я 7 7
яV k, <o6 E u ( Pj pM7, EK 0" p
7 k 7sn pS*।
iu o < tt o o-'S 7 p o p" Sn o
nM 76 E 25 "0 ( Z s L M 0 "6;
( <o k k ;Q 7 M 7।
E 1970 Sm YK0Q 76; a 18 ( 20
pK 76; e ei M pK7 Mo Z s pcn я ;।
Ms am YK0Q o яc *M 7 ( 95 я aM7
, Z s ( i676 ic i Ms g7K । e M
pK7 ' 0n " E;। i яE ' я ; g
t-t M e (। E 25 "0 ( i676
EK7M ", e o " E;। i676 я? 7 10
g o <g Q6 ;।
e o6( p m Sn tt ( ei (M ud* 76।
a g t-t6 e nM 76; , t i gn K0 (<) E
u p* d0E o 06 e; o e pK7 Y' । Z
s e 0n B ; d6 *nn i। e 7M pVE7 E
( e 0n o Y' ।
28 я , 1971
_Mf s < <(0 7M dn g7K ;। 0
pS L ‘o6' s’-e p e ul 76 , mp M
s 7M '06Sk 11' p e L¦ 0mk ei
dn g7K ;। '06Sk 7 p EK s ; , (
K0 sS as c < 0n s <(0 7M p¿i
u¦ । s e 0n Sn 06 ÈK 6; gi -< <6
7। L¦ <o dn g7K 76 , <(0 7M S P6' 0" я M
s n'i r , e M '06 < L¦ ।
62
s d t n
‘o6' s’-e Ms я 6; uk L¦ я6, o

*' e( S я 6 6; , s M EK7M, 'я o
Wj "6; rd я p < K ; e s
7M Y। ae я я uk s 7M
6 0 " 7E k <] m 6। -a(0
s 7M '06Sk 7 aS 7 i676 o я?
0n EK7M, ¦я, agE o 0 n , (
0n kSя 7g g'6 c e 0n K0
sS as c < < ui s e' Q 0n c ।
7Me o ei ei aS p ; । 7Me un6 7M kn nt я,
, u 7Es s i } ei dn я 6 6; । ; ,
7 s я P rd 0 7 6 6 k k
P 7 ; , 7 я P o a P aM"
"6 o 7 g Q6 6 k k P ;Q ; e 7 яi
я a(0 6'i '-6 ' <Y P 6;, i Ki
s 7M ( " 6 ।
u , s 7M '06Sk 7 dn ( a
76i ei dn 6; । , 7M o6 ( i0i 76;
e 0" 7c।...
4 яi,
i, 1971
... S' 7 M ( tr яY k' я u( e
*( n P Z s 7 rd 0 rd b p,
k < Y*K p ; । i676 e M EK7M
o aK0 6 06 p 76; a M ( i o6 ( rd
" ap" o S6 l7 ;Q6;। ei s "t o p"K я Mi
mp *' 0n e' p -a* e7 e k e
c e; । ei *' 0n p k kK o uS6
Mi ; । p *t ; pS M <(0 '।
<(0 ' ; *' o6( "। e 0n eя
pS M।
c E6 ' ; i676 mp
k*6 яV ( ; sc p t। i676 oi k*6
яV ps 76;। Q ' P ;Q c । o
ps P g7K ।
63
s d t n
' <o6 E o я 7 6 d6 (
i। *' 0n a M M ' я o n M < 0s po e
M ' ? e।
' я яV ( as jя । am e M
76, 7 S-s YP0 7 M। , s e e
b " Q d0E M 6;।
M W ; S6 dÃ* 6; s 7 (M 7
c}; *' 0n MEK i M as ; । } , я
( tr W S "t < e; ki S6
d Y' 76 । 7o6 mo 6।...
*' 0n a M pk *' " я M
7 ; S। , я EK p$
m i। s ei jя o d0P7 ( <o a
M6 K(0 S p " । e c K(0 M <o gr
< । < e S67 s *n 7। s k <
e rK K <Y। <Y 7M k s i।
*' 0n p Mi s <я e' ub u"
s 0 e b " Q d0E 6 ";। } , o
я? "6 e 7 7 , 7 । <(0 ' 7 ,
*( k ki Q ' k-" P 6 m 6। ...
9 яi,
i, 1971
E _я a $ 0 6 ‘ uяui’-e p Y'
m0 e' 0s0 '0 aP < ul ;। ‘M ' b ( a 'k
’’ ‘‘'k S ks ’’ ei '0 ‘ uяui’ ' kc'
0 e' < "t ; । '0 0n
Y' ( ; m0 nM < t a' ;।
' kc' } '0 ; 0 S sk < pMk ; o
-7 L" 7P0 7 < t ; < t e(i
76; 6 7я ii o 6 7я Y' 76 E;। < <я
< n7 i pVE7 E ( e 0n e 0 o Y' 76 ।
p* d0E e e E d' _do e 06 o Y' । < 76,
0 7 7я 7я ii < ; P e 6-
<o a ii, <o a a"i Y' 7 c।
' kc' ei -t < MkE pk6 76; 76
7 < - < 7, sb 76 E;। < ; t ; S6f e <f
sb 76
64
s d t n
o6 ;Q < u6 i। < 7 76 E;- s6 a 76 c- ei
6 7Me < ei pVE7 06 eя P " ( m?
' kc' } '0 -7 7M, 0 o MS" K0
E6 e' 07 e 0n 7 ; ।
c o я <} E B e' ;}Q À <'- ’;
i < < e S6f <f pc kM ;। <
K(0 a e' 7। <7 SQ epn }Q6 ;।
7 d' Sr " 6 " 6 6 ;। <7 < (i
kM । 7 K0 < e' ei 6' o K 7
? ei ;p 6' i676 7 ; e K 76 }Q6;
я M eS <Y ;? eя s L M 6 ' 6 YQ <Y ;।
_ ' 6;। E Meя o e' 7 }Q6 ;। < eE6
E। 6' < i < < h i <। n66 <
;। d’ <E n66 o6 76; i < Y <E
i 7 < S S 6 b t । 7c 7c o6 <Ei
a g L M < Y Q;। < Y i <
g । < -e ;। < o o
aM" "6 e P 0n 6 ' 6 } "6 c। eя L M c 6 e
< <Y । 6 ' 6 < E6 <Y ? ? < Q i e
* S । L M " E eя 6 < a" as6
6 <। ei (g ? ? 76 Q;। i S *M
" S u¦;। 7M 7¦ E < ; (। <
। < o60 k E < । k <6 я , e
< Sd kk as6 e 6 <। e 7 <7 K(0 SQ
¦ < i 7c ¦ i 6 i < я ; e }Q6।
d" K6 я ' ;। } } ¦}' 6 <6 яj e
< ? я < }" ;, < Si ;, - ;। n
< YQ ;। <я < u i, ; i। <я < e। , < (6
? < 7? < , < S6 i। e " e;, e
S6 ; i। ' e 0 < nt (g - nt i
< 7? 7 <o 7я 7я i <?
' kc' } '0 ul , < uя0 g M 06
EMY <6 ; , 7 0 ak < p( ;
e p* M "i6 я Mi < K(0 g 0 E6; nt <
; aK0 6। EMY d6 _d 0 7 eя M ac
; । ; d6 _ 7 6 Àn Ws eg < ;- 0n
MSgo < ;, nt < e ' o । e S, e 0
76 ।
65
s d t n
' kc' , E Z 7 6 06 p 76;
e' <я aMn sn 76 E; s S? d' snt 76 c। ' ¦
7c 'i t p¿, 7c ' <я < p¿ 6। s 0S] <я e'
s Y' ।
10 яi,
i, 1971
( 6। t 6 <E EKpяnt p nt я яud
<7 Z s E m0 p? dM(07 YPK ; -
‘‘ 7 6 s 76 E;।’’ p nt я яud
ei uk ’ i e pS L -e p A DEATH OF A
NATION e' 0s0 '0 0 7P0 K 6 ei
ei nM 76। e <E я L ‘< ’ t6 p ARTIFICIALLLY
CREATED PAKISTAN IS UNFIT TO CONTINUE '0o ei ei nM
76। E p6 p pS 0 6 NEWSWEEK- e p THE
TERRIBLE BLOOD BATH OF TIKKA KHAN '0 Z
s S 7Mj, MS", 0 o W K 6 nM 76 ,
s 76 E;। s SB d ' 76 c। e S? яQ 6 6।
s 0S] <я e' s Y' । " p7 uяui ; , Z s
L M ¦6; i i s *M 76;।
mp 6 0n я pS M ( S'' ;Q o6
07 K(0 as e 0 я M K(0 g
0 E6; ।
K(0 g 0 E6 e m } ; ‘0 s ’- ei
i-i ast < i। <я e' s M।
m я6 P MEK e ( я 6 , < e' EKn
0" p । 0" o EKnt u < K0 <s <;। < ei <s i
< EK 0" p 7 k 7sn i M
et (। 6 0n p , k '0
яя0 "} я 7 s я 6 a M6 ;
। , a P Mi i-e ;n 7o6 ; ।
e' EKnt a। ae ei EKnt a я M u a EKM
u" 6।
K(0 g 0 6 p EK e' e Ã
s *0k lS e' я W "6; । } , e'
ei b " fя aM6। t я K 6, _ P
o6( 7 P ; K6 <; < aMi ।
66
s d t n
} , s , S o i o6( M। o6( e'
Mi 6 o B я Zh i 7M 6
।
6 P ei я M 7 k '0 яя0 "}, e
ui o 7( ।
mp S я6 ( p *n6 _ pS L ‘M я6 ’
t6 76 s 7 6 06 p 76; t*n
яo S6 u u¦ ।
7 ei L" ¦ " ‘M я6 ’ t6 m6
76 Y' Y6 M " "n
_ dяi "Qn a ;। st ei M e' <nя0 M e
p e' e' ' "Mя।
14 яi,
i, 1971
... E 12i яi6 p 0 6 uяiu-e 76 s
aS " я M L M ¦6 i i s *M 76;।
uяui’ t6 76 i676 aS " я M
L M o m ¦ я Ms ; ¦ i 6 s Y-i (i
яV u¦;। i676 pst rd p u¦;।
u¦;- s f' jя aS m 6। M
яV 7। 0 < EK 0" p 7 k
7sn Mi 7 6;। '-6 ' s яV '
m 6। nt i676 o "k Y-i ei uk s EK 0"
p ps L¦ o aS "।.....
uяui ul E p7 6 6я ' nM ; , <P
<" < (i i । i676 E}60 я M <" ( rd 76
E। <" e < m 6। s E; e i676 o "ki
s W ;।
15 яi,
i, 1971
... s un6 7M 6 <] as 6; я n
я M _ Mf e' P p c e; । o Z
s c c E6 } e' '0 p ; ।
ei '0 76; o Z s c e _ Mf p
} '0 ei et dn ; , s 0p <nя0 7M 6 n

67
s d t n
7। K, e s <nя0 7Mi 6 7 mK0 a(07 76
}Q।
'0 ; 0 s <nя0 7M 6 । e
7 Ws я M <nя0 7M ¦ 76 7 i676
i 7M Z s 6 । P ; 7Mi
E6 ]}; । d " E6 s a(0 Z s a(0 rKS
0s 76;। s a(0V re S? c। e as6 s
<nя0 7M i676 Z s i " । ae s
<nя0 7M 6 । o s c _ Mf p
Mr. I. P. M. CARGILL ei '0 pst ; । Mr. I. P. M. CARGILL _ Mf
kK-0 e6 SE k।
Mr. CARGILL } '0 ; , s aS M e
76; M-KяM o a(0V я e n 76 E;।
P я e e S67 <f o a Z6 ;Q < ;i an i।
Mr. CARGILL } '0 ; s 7 7 7я
P rd e o aS aM7 ;, K P rd }
e o " s Ms c, 7M, o MS" e o 6;
P6 n7 ( । K P rdi 7 a( P MkE0 rdi
7, ES <f o a Z6। kd ";। k 7 p"e
c , < i p g7K ; K P o।
k, ps e rK udEя । sS -En i।
s sS s ; Mr. CARGILL } '0
¦ " n , L M pM7 o p
p$ 7o6 0n sS as c < ।
18 яi,
i, 1971
;' m 7o m0 _я <я e 6 p7 7 tr ;।
Q ' P rd 0 7 6 6 M 7M, o
L" 0 "6 Z s } я s(0nP 7 o i676 "k 0t (M o
ap" ;Q6 n }6 ;Q6; _ o _ aSM6
<c'6 dr ' c। _ <я i676 0 7 EK7M, Wj
o a P 0 ]}; E;। 7 EK7M o 0 ;
dSn o яV udM я ; _ P ; <я a sn 76 u¦;।
p* Y' i sn 76 u¦;, _ P i < k p ;, <
e }Qc। _ h <я < pMS (0 я c। , Z я0 ,
i , sMe S6 7 e <o 6' kn p¿' яY
я M
68
s d t n
uME 76;। s 7 7 EK7M o 0 p¿' яY
ut pst p6 mK0 76 E;। 7 7 0 o EK7M a
m0 s kM ( 6 76;। _ Sn
, я, ' , 0' o _s7 p c
E; '0 o pKM (M ( e' <я aMn sn , 7
EK7M o 0 a a। яY p? u¦ s EK7M
a a 7 "h 7 e i ? o _ s (0 e s*
S ।
S6' iu 6 o Àn e ( dM(07 S YPK ; , o a(0V 7M
6 asi s 7E । a(0, Àn o
S6' iu 6 i676 < a( a(0V 7M ।....._
Mf p ' E 3 я ( 21 я 0n u c
E; p* Y' c} 6; । ; s <] sS
6। 0ti W "h ;Q6 <;, 7 L M e o o 7M,
W o 0 "6 c। et 0 ki ;Q ei '06Sk i
s 7M n k p ;। c E6 _Mf p
} a M M M ? e 76 e( sni YPK ; , s
7M 6 a(07 7 e s e 7Mi 6 7, i676 я?
p6я M7 ।
0 ki _я uk , i676 яl 7 m o a(0
7M 6 EK7M pMkS 7E o < я EK, t,
-'S o h я 6 p* Y' p я EK ?
et YPK ;। 0 t7 Si p¿ 0
¦ " ;। ‘ ui60 'i’, ‘o6' s’, ‘iS s’ pS* pS L
tg 0 ¦ " 76; , 0 ki o a M M
ÈK ig u" s 0p 7M n 6। S k pk 0
i Mr. Chester Bowles s 0 7M pK ¦ " ; ,
0 e S 76 । 0 e' t S 6, e' e' k7
a- i7 e a i k ।
20 яi,
i, 1971
... ( p ‘<i 'i’ t e m6 76 i676
SPK яV 0 яV ps ; яY M। i676
6 '-uM 7 6 <' ud k* ;
El6 । ( -rP-t-*d 7 aM" ;Q
M 76; ui e ps c < । k 7sn d (
i676 YPK ; dSn। k B 0" 7M E' '
j6-Q6 W 6 i676 ; a o (( ; M,
nt ei
69
s d t n
E6 K 7c et i я । K, P
iM s YPK ; e a 6 7 EQ u¦;।
<E s 7 B L ; i <я k7 E 6 i676
L M rd d "c । 0t i e E d ";- tt i 6, i676
7 o EeE tr 76;।
‘<i 'i’ t6 <o 76 , 0 (
; 6 d "c। 0 ei rK f'K0 s K(0 c ।
i676 7 o <яo 7M, o 0 "6 c
K(0 c o6 p¿i u¦ । e o p 7я 7я P ;Q
S " c। S eS K(0 ¦ 6 i676 p*k S
a(0 d0 "i;। t6 76 M p* 7o6 0n
S o s M m0 k a i e K 7 S67।
s7 ( p i L , DOGENS NYHETER-e e m6 n
s n я EK 7 k ;Q
76।
‘E 7’ t ei m6 n' i676 aS ¦
" 76 7 7 0 0 " ]};;। e o
( K(0 L M Q 6 ;Q " c।
t6 76 0 ; ;Q6 E;। o S
n E6 ; 6 }Qi i676 sS s a 7яi Q-
6 i676 (M p"K 7।
23 яi,
i, 1971
... 6 o À'u ( p ‘i’ t p( *$ яQ e Y0 '0
6;। k k K(0 m0 E6 À'u L Mr.
SOM SHORT p¿ ; Y'; "6 ; Y' ?
; S6f e' ; Y'; e e o Y';, я M
_ я M e "6 pK p6я <; < 76 । Y'
s"k À'u L i-e Mr. SOM SHORT , s
o 0 Z e' SPK PQnt S67 e' ; <; < ;।
; , Z s 0 k Qi ";, d Y0s6 7
W o *M Q । *( Pi e e Y' als
я ; nt < < я я s o " *n M
; ?- ei ks P i?
70
s d t n
29 яi,
i, 1971
aSMnK as m0 _ *n n a"ni s
"k r, nt M " 6 m 6। _ t-t6 6i
Y' p 7c।
< h p" p7 ‘ uяui’ o e pS L ‘ 'i’-e
s 0 L M 6 k 7 cMя aS "
p 76;। s pn mp s mK0r
7 6ntK e (( dÃ* o a p 0 76;
; , p? ‘The Bengalis Strike Back’ P0 e' n ‘ uяui’ t
‘i676 я M d 76, ; p* Y' mK0 ।’ t6
76 , g k 7 p aS ki я 7c। e aS EQ
(i " 7c e un jя6 jя s 7 "S Y6 7c।
‘ uяui’ h W 76;, i' 6 p p
bя7 uQ6 6 76;, i 6 h Q k 76;।
t6 76, 7 a* 7o 6 Eg ";। s
7 0" 0 rd яg k g aS 0ti
aM7 6;।
mp 0 c uяui я e
k7 7 d’я ‘B "¦’ pp e Q 7 (o
" 6 *M я ।
e 'i '0 i 7 0 я , s 7 a77
k 7 E d <kn o kgs 7c। k 7 E s, o6 bя,
i e dM 7 Ms k s p a$
;।
e 'i я , 7 P 7 E
7 o k ;।
7 0 я , E 7 <kK kgs 76 p76K 7 <
e n o uQ (।
st 7 a* e6 e p a"si я ;। k
7 E <kK e -o M k6k m 7c। i
7 7 S? Q;।
ei s M E a"ni s я? r, _ "
Qi। < eS 0 k P k EQ u¦ _я ।
71
s d t n
1 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... 0 k S unt i676 L M a P aM" o ' i
Q; e < kd i я 7c i _ < p
7 S 76 u¦; । s 0S] 0 я EK k i EQ u¦;
_я ।
iM я?7 a t to h , p$ p o
я dk c ; ।
<nя0 k i' p 0 <M0 mp c } c
aSj K0 p? ; , s L M 0 6À
0n Y' o ;Q6 E;। * e6 7 L M S 7Me o
aM" "6 c я i। o6 k eя p S K(0
g 0 ; , 0 K(0 M ( _ i7 a M Y'
6 ।
e' s L M 0 "6 E 80 P Y-Q
o -mt c ME 76 i EM।
e7 as6 P я t i- , k, s* o
SM 0s, kt " o 0 ki d' *7 k e EQ s
7 ast o <(0 7M EK7M us c।
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} a (0 я o pn k я?7 ast 7M a" 6; ।
0 ' h pS M Ã SP6 k ei a 6 " ; ।
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6 i 7c EK7M6 a g7K । ;Q d c kt 'o
P " MS m 76; kt i676 M o ast 7M 6
d।
e o6' s' '0n <e k' я <ui ' e -'
L¦ ; , rK dS0k } 6; । a(" s
0 dS0k "n "c । e e ( Ã 6 , ( 80
P Q6 e 10-12 P 7M o e i *k e 6
' ।
e 0n as6 яY < o S n 0k 6E }6
;। a(" E " яY i676 EK7M 0 S
;। s я? o -M' S-s 7
a"n "6 c।
72
s d t n
я E pt * int n <7 я?7 e
0jя a] s ‘n k’ <M6 ; ।
int n <7 7 S * n <P0K ; ,
kd 7 " 6 s aK0 я? 00 <я яY
S o i M "6 *0 " M(0 "n ;।
int ; , s 0S] i। яi M' 7c s o
। e Ï '' 7 i Q ' P MK tn 7-
Q P c < n o <s S।
_ Sn t-t, o 'S so Q ' B я t
я M M <t u я 6; । e M i e ,
p* EKp i n o * c6 < e K(0
0Ð s c6 < Z6 p ।
15 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... E 25 "0 ( i676 0 "k ; s _ i
7 76;। яY k' я u( K0 i7 i 0 fя
aM6 " e 0 ' eo60 K0 i7 *7t 06 *n
i676 0 7 0 B 6 K я 7 (M aSE
e < " p7 tr ;। ei " p7 ; Z s
"k Y*KM udM o dSn 6; n7 a i।
"k 0 o S *nn e'i 76 , i676 o 6 7
e7 ; i।
p nt q s я? pn я i676 ; e 06
я 7 " p7 ES udE p ; । ; , e K aMn
gr 7। 0 ki, *' o a M M t-t, o 'S o Z
s < я 7 E " rK <f p 76;।
e pS tg nM 76; , S я 7 "
p7 tr 76; "k o <] S 6 । e ‘'is’
‘i606 s’ o a M M t ei (( " ¦ " 76;। *'
<nя0 Mmn <i яEK e 6' <nя0 <i я so я "
p7 я M i676 0 "k ¦ " ; ।
‘'is’ t6 pM *' <i я bl, ', ui6 e' "¦ p 76;।
ei "¦ ui6 ; S < я E " p7 tr
76; o _ mn P ESS udg। , S ei
(( " "; ki я 7 M6 " < ।
, et pK } o h k6k } ;Q B ]ti я
7 k (0 । ui6 , <i6 < p '0 6 Ó
я
73
s d t n
7 " tr ;। S6f i676 "k i ei 76 0
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7 e 6 7 K 7 aMn S67।
E tk ‘o6' s’ t e m6 76 (M aSE
я 7 " p7 tr s k яn e t S ;।
s яn ei (( " я 7 pKe 6 7 'i
7 " t S < i S ( ( ।
16 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... *( n P KM я , dя я, , 'S o
t s Y s rd kS c' Q;।....
яY яV t E tk ; , s < я
7 E " p7 M k' я u( 'V EE aM7
; e e M <" "c ।
E tk ‘o6' s’ t e m6 76 я 7 "
p7 tr s ^ "k e p"e S ;। i676 < ??
e( u" 7 ?n я 7 0 p¿।
‘kZ6 6n '’ t e m6 n 76 я 7
Q ' P pKp6 । <яo 6 K। Q '
B h6 <яo M ps' kd। s я? "k " p7 d
; , 7 s ( " 6 7 6
s 'i "K0 76 ।
E½S L “g ” t m6 n 76, я 7
" p7 E6 i676 я M (i rd ;। e
an ( ' ;Q < d6 ( i।
я S ‘o6l0 un a ""0’-e c ( i e' 0
¦ 76;। ei 06 ?n я 7 E " b p я
76;।
‘я0 'i’-e 76 я 7 7 я p6 । "
p7 " E6 i676 s 0s 6 } 6;। i676 < ??
S YQ6 я ;।
18 <Es,
<Es, 1971
_ яQ p, Y*K o ' k uk "k ?n я
7 " p7 aM7 ;।....
74
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19 <Es,
<Es, 1971
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n ; । ei " p7 ¦ " s "k ei
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75
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aMn।
20 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... Z s M <o6 '0 p <d o6 s (
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cc "} s k kb bя6 m? s <(0
o я' e o o PS S0, я6S (
"no 6 ।
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i6 n 7 , " pK 76 E। 0 i6 n S
e 7k " Y' E। < ; B p
<n grt e i।
76
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21 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... 7 E я n p' l <я tr7 d0 Qi ";। <
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s "k e cn <}'। kd S-s M
"h я 7 "6;। S; < ei kd
S-s "h 7 Q ' P
kg p <я _ я E¦ 76; n e <я d0 Qi
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e n e S-s n us tr । nt _ "
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p6я 7 YP0 e' 6 6 я 7 dSn ; Sn
76 E;।
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dSn ( я EK7M, Wj o 0 6 s
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? d s k <t7M 7।
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e я 7 " p7 < e ag 7o6 я M u 6; ।
77
s d t n
27 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... mp *' , , 0 ki o SP0 я M *s 6 Mk
?n я 7 pKk я M am k6 o 0 Ms g7K _
p <h я 6; । _ ; ¦ e 06 }
0 s o < ?n " p7 ES udE p
<я Y'; e Y' c, _n <я rK e h m । s
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s я? ¦ " 76;। ei t e m6 n 76
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e' p7 ;Q < ;i 6। ei " p7 ; s яn E
dSn 6; S। t6 76 mp s я?7 YPK ; , ?n
я 7 k eя ]} k 76;। nt я 7 k
]} ( < -i ( e' sc e' p o p7 ;Q < ;i 6। K i676 <
я? i0i я 7 rd _Y aSE e ;। kt
я 7 <ESi P YPK ; ei " sc e' p7 ;Q
< 7 ?
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pM < я 6 Mbi <i я
s < k (0 a 6 76 7 я 7
} ic <nя0 Mmn <i я ( 0 Ms
76।
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E6; । Z s E6 я i676 <i un " 06 ?
" S "; m0 rK udE o 6 p ; ।
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m0 ul ; ।
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(0 E 6 76 7 " EKM 7 ।
78
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21 <Es,
<Es, 1971
... <я M e' gr <nя0 M 76 6;। s
"k p"no Y' * s " E 6 6
। _ "n, dя, 'V o яV *E0 ;o ei (M'
<я aя 6। < ¦ ei Ki 0 ' <o eя pS M
"0 0 nM s *M 76;। < asi de s
яQ E m 6।
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as я " E; । n0 Z ? udst g
k k K(0 as pMk ; । S6 *E0 ? <"
; । s я? 7Q-"Q ?o ( ; e
t i ; e < i 7, e( l o 6 s < }"
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B S ei । B ; s 7 ;Q < ;i 6।
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' o 7 l। < < s я?7 6 e' ub e i
ub ui }"- S0 ;।
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6; , ?n " p7 < e ag 76 7 K 7 aMn
S67। (( " ?n я 7 pKe 6 7 *( u-i
k ।
22 pm,
pm, 1971
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ei udE p 6; яY k' я u(n mp e' *।
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; Y' 0 S я' 76 Q; s 0 S
dr a EQ6 "; e e c p 6 S я' ( я' M
ud Y'; <nя0 E$ k rK udE (n K <;।...
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7 t 06 e s M
( । <nя0 E$ k e' rK e udE M।
M <nя0 E$ am eE6 < 7।
k' я u(n E 1970 Sm 0 YK0Q k
k pK7 Y';। tr 76; s 7 aS e o
k
79
s d t n
k P я 7 o M W Y' 76;। , <яo (
p 6 k k K(0 n 6 S " c। s "k
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e tto sS as c <; , p i я? i Eя r
EK e o "6 c।
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s aS ci ei dS0ks *n 76; ul ।
a* e7 P <я rK e " 6 as Q;। am
Q tK Ms " ;Q d6 ( i।
30 pm,
pm, 1971
E 28 pm яY K P a s 6 Y0
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e 0n K 6 *( Sn p EK s я?7 ¦ "
।
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P яV 0 P St <n 6। ; Q
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P kM eE6 c। Z s 6 s(0 o-cM
rd EKnt <n i tr ;। E 1970 K 0" P
aS0 я6 S ; s 7 । ;
P et a 7 0" rd Z s 6 s(0
s(0 <Y E я Mi aS "6;।
яY K P a i , Àn o S6' p EK ES <
p , am ' 7 e 7p
;Q6 Q e K 7 aMn S67।
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"c i (0 6 । * ( s 7 7'6
я M P <я l <Y 7 ;। a* e 0ti
d0 Qi "; e e Qi6 K _n o t k rK jя । k'
SM ei <f p , n p$ M e P 0
t M am _ **n "n 7 e ' h EQ।
80
s d t n
c int MM , Q ' P ic 6
' 7, 7 ' <o s S ।
2 ak,
ak, 1971
P u s 7 a P aM" o 0 0n
*M 7M 6 _Mf p 'iEM ME ; ।
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; । K 0" a $ E m E E6; ।
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E e p' я p' 7-n g-Eя < Y;। Y; e 6,
। яg6 e 0n Y; 18 ।
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pst 76 ( । n " aM W । '0
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s L Mi ; ;। n E o6-< ; s
L M S я7 ;। <ie s in M e6in
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6 6;। я6E6 я6E6 s d 6 6 "s 76;। 7
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81
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5 ak,
ak, 1971
...*' nS aMn pS M ÀS iSn ; <я e'
s 0S] i। яES s* »7M e SP o я (
mK0 s , 0S] e' i- mK0 Sn e' я। Q ' P ei
snt ast o }" a p$ я Mi B <я 7 s 7 rd
ast 6;। <я Qi ; 7 e k Qi- trk Qi।
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d। < ei a p*k P яnE a।
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k K(0 n o S <6 6; as я " я M
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я я M *' nS n M À iSn e ( Z 6 E6; ।
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i 7।
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k। f' tr _ EKnt P e Q ' B
<o e'i < ; nt s k m E}6 g}Q6
6;।
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;, p6я 6 cMs rdo d < pst।...
82
s d t n
29 ak,
ak, 1971
...E i ak ( }" ak M 6l S o S6' iu 6 M
<" 76 ei u7 s e s S n ge o s*t
7Q 6 utя K0 s *n ; m0 uS6k <o VM p$ 76। uS6
M " M <" p e * 76 s S n
M L M e dpst o 6 p 76 ei u7
utя *n ; e a n Ð 7 rK <f 6;। e M S
Ms g7K ; S6' iu 6 K0 (0 6; * ul 76।
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<kK a(0 7 s <t7M, S <kK E E' s 'i 76
।
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M p* яV я 76।
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яV < 7 я EK <i m a o s(0 mK0 k
e S <6 g7K K(0 K0 <s6 o 06 c < । 6
S6' p nt <k E <' M cP ei i7 p"
76।
1 Sm 1971
... E½S6 0Si E$ k e' n _ ; "।
} я o яnt uS6 bi ei m0 d i। _ i ;i
я' k E½S6 S *।
E$ k E½S6 pn ''o <я s 0 rd
M 76; ।
pn '' ; Z s 7 ; e <яo
"; *( i7 *nn i। s L M M
EK7M o Wj "6; e -t-*d 0P K P o
aK0 6 aM" o 0 "6; ci ( bi k K(0
YQ 76-m ;Q S <6 M 76;।
a(" s pn i6767 E' p"nt e p" e;
Q ' B n6 aB o <kK "6;, < i
( E6 7 Ms g7K 76;। s 0S] YPK
я EKnt s E¦ P <я ( 7 Zh
d0 aS "6; dÃ* o S6 a " 0 i676
p" e;।
83
s d t n
s (' E}6 pn i676 < я? ap" '
e' "'Y яo6 E E$ k E½S6 pn dM(07 ।
p¿' S-s p¿ 6। e' S o s M P6
6। e' s <SMnK Mo 6।
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e k pn '' aMn sn SP6 _ ei M' я 6 6; ।...
6 Sm,
Sm, 1971
mp ‘ ui60 'i’ t6 s ( 0 Y' o p*
as m0 e '0 p 76;। ei '0 7 7 a* E7
Sn a* e e' "t 76;।
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aS tr ' E; nt e o (o sS as c < ।
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( 40 SE h 6;। ei 30 ( 40 P ; a 7 g pK
76;, ; }я 76; e k7 E 6 Qi ;।
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<6s 7 6' Mnn।
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p p$ 76;। c, , 6 7, ' o я sK0 e6 s
0S] EKpяnt p p$ 76;।
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o W d s L M SP o t ; e h 6;।
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84
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<;। ei udM s -S n M L M ;। c
7-n s L M 0, nt o ]tM E;।...
12 Sm,
Sm , 1971
... mp S6' iu 6 p S6' <nя0 m0 P6 6 '
K m S, 6SS ei d я6 kd aS7
; । ; - <я Qi "; }' я6 kd। s я?
( 0 6 EK7M, W < "nt d B
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p 7 S c E6 e p¿ ut 6SS
kg m0 ei nM ।
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KM *E0 <я s 0S] <я e aMm M। e M
as eQ6 ( i, no i। Àn pn яя0 }d яi
; ' 7c яV , ae я EK ic 6 e f'
7। 7 g u7 06 Q < e K S
rK ¦ M। 0 s 7 7 M EK7M, 'я o L" ci
( 96 k a76 -t *d QY-76 m 76 S <6
M 76;। s 7 7 e' MS K ;।
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h}6 76; bi k K(0 76-m YQ e
s ;Q S <6 M 76;, K0 0 o t ? s c
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M *n ; e e M <я e я' <nя0 M6 76;। s
(E я?"k k0 я0 6 i *n M я M E}6 S YQ P
" "n ;।
24 Sm,
Sm , 1971
... E ’ e P ' Sn s o ¦
'0 ud* 6 76 k 7 p"e <kK E 48 Y6 s '
Y}' 76;। k7 d Z e ' i' n "] M e'
;।
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d e "]E; ( n o p"e <kK "6;। k7
85
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tr7 ";। 0ti "; k7 apM я6t।
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M aS "6;।
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<kK "6; ? et E YK0Qi ।
e p? < ul E p7 NEWSWEEK-e 6 e' "gS
} An unwinnable Guerilla war P0 '0 s m0 E6
nM ; s 7 7 e e e dя06 E d c} Q;
( k m i।
26 Sm, 1971
... E 22 Sm ui60 'i’ t6 p e Y0 '0
kd e r p 76;।
ui60 'i-e "s E p7 sK0 e c God
is not with the big battalions e Y0 '0 kd m0 nM
E6 ; E d ] m0 o B e e' M uk S6 (
g in" , <À o M' < k rK pK 6 ";। uk' 7
;
86
s d t n
d aE я M aMn scn "K , k o S
я d scn "K 7।
Mr. Malcom Browne } ei '0 k o <я
я d ; i } 6 Qc।
ui60 'i E p7 sK0 e c < e
ad aSj 76;। s 7 a* Sn e e k7 6nt
e c < aSj 76; < l o । e sl 6
M e' g я EK k 76 u¦ e( So 6 । nt S -"n 6
E6 < s"k pMk 76;। <я 0'
o < i s6 g 7 ।
s 7 7 0t " 6S 0 s 7 < t
e' (i 76; S6 d ( ei 7SEM s L M o 6
;i । Sn a* e6 < s ac ?
( ;, яj ; io 76; e e' <s uя ।
s (' 6 Q Q яn o M'6 k ;
B k g ¦6 я M nt God is not with the big battalions -a(0
<l7 76 । EKE 7 "QnS c। s
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16 я 1971
pK cя 7 Z s s(0"k t
e _Y <M 6;। ; Mr. Fazlul Hoq is self-confessed traitor
1954
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26 я , 1971
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27 я , 1971
27 я , 1971
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9 яi,
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10 яi,
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16 яi,
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19 яi,
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20 яi,
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2 Sm,
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Sm, 1971
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102
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1 m.m,
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104
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21 яi,
i, 1971
e!8 " । !s яq <! e !" $। p.
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V ! .$ $। !>8 . . .i .я -g"
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28 яi,
i, 1971
e!8 > p $" , a!V e!$ aF.-
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106
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a.mp$! я$ !o !u я ! % ! ।
30 яi,
i, 1971
e!8 > p я $ , e !s .! !V>k
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tr! u! ! a - s !nd, .,
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!"। ( ei pc ! я asi s!V o$ $।
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.t p! $ p!V 58 ! @ ! , k .% p!
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p! $, st .t $- яq p 8 t। i .g !u ! , #
। я p F og 3% !।
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107
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u! " X! e ul ! । u! .!J p@ % .%8! % !
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u! u। ( .i !@i !u (я u! a " । .%
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1(<s,
(<s, 1971
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r` +q $ <"। ! 8, , # . .s ! F @я% n।
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108
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17 (<s,
(<s,1971
8 । 8 u^.s 3-3n 8 я$<-!, $l, o$8 ।
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109
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22 (<c,
(<c, 1971
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110
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26 (<s,
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27 (<c,
(<c, 1971
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22
22 ‘.pm’
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я $"। .m qn я k ! $", !я$ !
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r !s . .% > <@%j >! я.5
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114
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29 .pm, 1971
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115
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1 ak,
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8 +m,
+m, 1971
a!V e!$ яq u > p. .m>! (o я e."।
tr! u! F я <" , a!V e! 788 я$ 6 (.
(o$ < $ ..% я ! u > c 558i pdnd$ !s
i.- > $ <"। e "# p! 6 1938 (. 858
я > 56 $"-+8+8 ! $ । e! mo !s я $"
i$$ ’ .q Vd 58 3r ( . 5> ( -dX! $"। >
p я $", i$$ 3r ( ! p nt e +! m8 p nt $<
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i $ <X $" qn Vt s .!। i a!V
e!$ >n ei ! яl u > a e!8 s (+%n@ %
ski $-i$$ e! .%! <o 8। ( ei u > .m!> i$$ . !
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..% pdnd$ > o$! ‘.%я !’ n% !"। t! ", e8
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}!%я8 . > p > $ t p% ! $"। ( ! $", я
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ei 68 (. ! я % . 8> p > 22 k 8! 56 $"। (!8
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$"। ei u > FF я <@! e S.! > d, k o .%
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$", m.mi > я >n я$p $ <$"।’ ( ( !
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117
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16i
16i +m,
+m, 1971
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m g u! #। . 12 ! 35 " $s u !
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rd-(o$ <! e!8$ +8 $ h я я! p !" +<%
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23
23 +m,
+m, 1971
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118
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kd ! , +#8$ . d!
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u#" s !। ( i яq 3#n >$ 3> +. $
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26
26 +m,
+m, 1971
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119
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(k@ .m i। +o pst $ (" l я я %।
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я % ! +$ , яя%n u@ c .mp + (!. 5 ! 48
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29 +m,
+m , 1971
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120
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11 m.m,
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22 %pm,
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30 %pm,
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15 ak,
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3 'm,
'm, 1971
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211
s d t n
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4 'm,
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%i . । %?, ! ?’’ ‘‘ai ? iя Di.? !# ?i# i।
k! +og # +o ? +o# (= # Cя ?’’ e., #<
p ' 7 . uk। Nt 7 $ . D.। s !
ei ak g? ! яs, k! + p a.Nt । e., is
. яj% ., ‘‘c ', . % +?” oC ' e.t
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#। d, !+, s $ D.। i + ' .+।
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213
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e. C .। DD .+। . 8. , ‘‘ + , я.
, #+।’’ я , %Di k. !+।
' C%% .+ %, .nt я ? o .+ ak .+। i
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k! !.=. #+ '। . яj% . ,
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!? + .D # ! । - #<i !। e .. k! # +।
e % + Z< ;M । i . яj% . '.।
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d, )(, .+। d, $i 81 я .% . +।
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diя t!? . =+। i o (=+। я , o dя .+ я #l
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214
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$ !। ' = D. ,% ,% . я $+।

‘‘ .( ', ì C। . ।’’ '. %n
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ai । . . d o # #$ in +। o я
! .$ i +। .।’’ = я + C ' !% ।
% +$ $+ e., s#< p।.............
( яn! i' =)
k%g o M M
5 'm,
'm, 1971
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p; + k + яk ।
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215
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Z?o k%g a% Z? sk।
( Zя! ! =)

216
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22 'm,
'm , 1971
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# । e %i + .s ->% ? = яn 103
bg8 e., .m %M p=6 e. $i । ei $i trk 143 я !
!+। k e.я N? ; .+ e я ! !+ ।
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217
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218
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a?n # e. .N. + + । - % +, -
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k .,। e., #i #r +। k $ % . k = ।
d k 7 ,#+ % e. ; e..t ) । e., (
a' .।
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#( D. d’i Z > % . e., : ( .
!।
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219
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aD< ( я + o a . - )< e. + , .-# 25 =< 'L% ।
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iCC, # , ,< o ,?| #g 7 ($ =
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is %($ d’! = + i।
(%. =)
aD< . #<k

........8%m
........8%m,
8%m, 1971
s i!% e. #n. ), । e ,'Z + k k
k o я .r; #D। a ? ? #;nt. È k !sn p=
a s o #;pяnt %. pR ! । a? . ;st
%jя N% o < .->% ? rd e. %st p ? e s
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a% %m !+। - <p astst a', pя %. pk; a' p'N।
ei %s .; s d pD s # d d =+। ei #
d d = ud? ! tr. 'n . я! .। Z .g ³ 'k
. tr. .;k% . # d Z । ei ³g ! aD< ., %.,
stt. p'N। i n a c o k %tto tr. .;k% . я ? #
'n , o, bя, .'<,, p p %$. p'N 3%% . !। tr aD< .
?s ) ! я ? k! # a . l. o O . !।
trk . D s aя< = !Z < k! o t! %m k;
` я < !< .->% ? ic.N' ag#. h + +
220
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% ic.N' u 3%t. .я p ! e %<. aD< . M
. । i я я p .<? o t ! #<k % -
p; # .।
k%g D. k o d3s #<k .k o .k । e , t
s #;pяnt %. e %.o e ? Z;< pr o pjd। `
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t%<; . ? !। я !Z < l # ;#я .-. g
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l o .N p di, aD< . kt u t. ) $ aD< .
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% 12 k. . ! !, 1 ., . ' W e k k .
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.я, .,<.= p'N %.+ n as +।
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C% ? a ?। e d, ?% N, %!# a?n pя । e e
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%m a' i। %. , o | я %D< +। i !
ei %s %%? a=i Z ! । %#k . .< = R,
n., ?# o %! d . #$ ।
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я ? d., '?L r us !+ . sD< . s D.
, ( я nt. . a% . , . . % =k. #$
uk ! । %. e, ''i ub .+ , %#k o #<k я ? +
, %,
221
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%. ag# pn. %mp. g. d . + , .
%mp. я D. । %mp. } . ! ।
kd .o e ? e# % !। n o NÊ я
'Z. %<g#;?।
` .s k' !< a%? dя. !? .+। j ,
%., =.L%., a?., я . .<, %!?. p'N : dяi #<k
a. %!. ! я i i! , + + e !? .। .яi .
%. a% !। a? i D.. . , e =
t?# ? #k o t # . । %g ? ;Z?
s aя< .+- ei s . k я ? e D<. #<k я ?o
p; ; .। e ?o s %NO . %k !।
( % =j =)
? uL Nd u

......... 8%m,
8%m, 1971
d e. !। 3%sZ ? D. #$ ! я ,%'?। d = ।
= n। d = %+ ast . D.। d =i । d =
%+ u। % 22 . ! %<t t%<;
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#$ .я t # .। %; я D. d-d. Z ., %g
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900 я u। я u я %? = e । p e pD. %%?
ei , я %? an # ।
, 35.3 e.। e ? я ; ! 22.5
e.। e ? L% e.. . ! e я ; ! 3 e.। i
! , C% uL я ; ! 38.8 e.।
e., .N uL Nd . d’'
(1) я. .<; u# .; e
(2) я C% uL t $।
222
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< = . ! .nt =O . .<; u# . e я ;
p 1 e.। uk ?s g!; ., . M ?! . ei 'Z. .<;
u# . %m। # .. + a . un # ? uL t dr $+।
a %n . %m !+ p я .। .nt #?
a я ; । i C% $ p u !% e g!; . !
< я + i a. C% C u ud .- un .Np;
p# ),।
C% C t i .। #$ C ;
e.p 900-1000 u6 % я e.p C !c 2000 u6 u।
C -t . e., $ .; я DD' % o ?s i।
k . #+, я .t i¥я ), % p . C%
! a . $ o । e. p 40 un i¥я ), % #+
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#?% ?! tn . !।
я . . . 60 '# . D.। e p .;
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#$ $ i । . я%= ?s . i h я C% C %m।
ei' %? uL Nd . ? %%? h' % . =। .s
%. !% D. , 1966-67 % 1.5 e. я
я%= ?s +। aD<L , я t . 5 '# я я%= ?s +। uk
.l g!; . dr a . я %=-?s %m।
e. , %%? ?। ? p+ DO , ! .
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7 . ? !, p 9 e. я яg !। 1957 %
D. ? nt; %m.< a %n e <n = !+। D. , ? nt;
. ! ' %!# e.n pя । .s я . .;, ' %D e
? nt; ? . %!# %m ! । .nt ei %!# pn. e Z !+।
e., D<. WNd я ? < # È. .l pя .D e
,, % aD '< u, %i .l . s .Í.< . ' ! ?s D.
R o %? u। . nt %!? %яnt. aD< %m । e я ?
pя ! uk #;%#k । %яnt pR . !, kd $i
. . tr.
223
s d t n
D. k ., p o .<k. aD< . #<k .я # !। e
%!? g .N aD< dr , < %m।
(8. e # % =)
ag# k!
10 8%m,
8%m, 1971
.s < % u e. -%k =$ D ) $ uk। # =<
D. я <n % j ., . g ! j, %Nd я
Î ; ., k. .+ ', D D . -#N e
a©!% ' + .। .nt )n g# an
. я# uk+, a . aZ< < ! । =. . . D.
# u $ %k =$।
a n ! ! . uk। t D. $ ! %;
!я। #;nt я# , %<'jt p¬ , .s t aя! .s
n . ! . !я !। n ., d n .।
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Dg n ! #+। d, p n =©g e = %mZ;< ard। ! %!?
. % uo i। .l d’ e .s (=< +, o .
я# ( я c । . % я g . . k(i i।
k! ( я ( я o ) .+, .+। % e ! uk+
N? C(।
aD< . %%m p। e < C ( !+
% .s % яl , я o ': r .+। я
%g g (= C o =$L . ': c। я !p'Z я D<
ast я .s % ! a .i। t%<;. % я n e.D
sO' p; ! #+।
e g; %. яn e ==6 od, '©, .i , r
, ! p। я , % i C%, i C% r .+। .
я p .+। oi .D p3 я 7 =O .+। .nt
a ' ' 7 'kn ! uk+।
k! ,< ) e # g %=. .
я
( +? ) p.m . # я . < я uc . aO
+? ,
224
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i। d#< , d#< ard !o , %, я, e -
s;< a k !o . '+ sD<, : = tr .!
e a =?
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( + я s . ! %i .।
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(sCя ! =)
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22 8%m,
8%m, 1071
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226
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(!Cя =)
227
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%Zt

8। s .nd ‘‘b% .’’ %pm-8%m 1971
p= o .D. Cbr 1972
я . D?

14 #s,
#s, 1971
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e.,
228
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i я d!। s k. = я !+ ., .,
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229
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p3
12 %pm,
%pm, 1971
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230
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17i %pm s;
17 %pm,
%pm , 1971
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k-n ! p Wdя .+।
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231
s d t n
ul#? ag# ! । k' %# kto di a ic.N' >? %NO
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% 17i %pm %i n kk % !% i!% s +।
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। 1958 % ak i e. .t % p< . , 17i %pm
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232
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aD= <= i. . # я ? я Ô d .+
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p= '# s. +, .-Election in the world’s third largest
democracy- ‘‘d N N!t #;nt. я? <= ’’ e . я %Ci
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233
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, ‘‘The Election results underlined the political maturity, sound
commonsense and practicality of the average voter......Parties preching
regionalism, tribalism, racialism and religious Bigorty have been short shrift.
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234
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237
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D. я ?, ast я ?। ! k;. ast k;s, d %.,
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4 'm,
'm, 1971
%( я<#; .D, я %Zt- . %!?, %sN o %я p#
uk uc। %( NOnsr % + h = io
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я d.Z.p я %NO .+, . я я %( k; =h .
=i। ei я#; a'?t .i %( %( k; =i ei .; , %(
? #k <, e e., a= 'M .< b- 'M #$ -
s'i % to ! dr! e pя ! kd i =t o %.l p
e. R। < %g dя< k o %. = : +- k
я . aM. . p % D.i яg।
:=t ei я p# ` % a p; .<. %% k; °;
.i 7 %( %Z= . s'. e a?m।
s яi e., я я a p;sr ! e я#; %Z= .
। .nt .s pR % . %C ! । N!t я %O '-%!?- %sN
rd $nt e %я., я . o aD< . я . M . =kn ?
я#; %m .-%.l' O . )N;? a=O ok %mя? я =kn।
.nt s'.'i e C !+ । яs #p!i % . ak
. %m#- : я NÖo . $nt . g!? . rd
k. %! .+। %( tg. %k e' p. . ।
1। я a ]!? D. % !; e Z
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2। %sk u я ।
3। a я NÖ।
, % Nk! % ! . %я , ]!?o e., я я
%я %। .s %.=k pDi ) ! : # # % ]!? %m o।
!n-% %NO !я + %!?-%sN o .r. !n #$
aя! . o !। %!? p;r nd D. as. . !, яr
238
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k i। ' я ? p; । ! i!%। : % < p a #
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= e D. k %। % ]!? -s.N ? : я o
%( %Zt !+ e ); . = d<।
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% kd aD= ujj aD<Z;< p% C ' ' яo a?i k। !L я
n - % ?i !.- ei'i #k !। % ( n <
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);, 'n я ? .Nt %NO d e.-я ;. O .
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dя d я . s aя< । .nt %g я k? e. я h %i
h D %D<. ki D : я %<. я#; %(।
(%. !$ =)

239
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;M;
8 'm,
'm, 1971
t я .k u% .+ e ;M pps %
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я !?. u% a R । e +$ . .? % . я % a?
.; i।
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%n . trk . %<k;. d я, %<s я %;
p?k o k' e d ag!; D я я .<? .+ । t я .k
% % %M %M e d !+ - ?# o k .Nc% ।
#;pяnt %. p nt t я uk ( ; + , #
+ я % u.Z a e. p| p.N. d<# .
.+, p.N < 6 % e %), !+ e. ?., 3%j, %?.
.s. N? । e я % % # %Z= e. .s. k;
rd ! l k; = .+, k; o e%+ e. p.N
%. яn .+ D. e.ni a.<। p nt + , я # %
p.N. d<# kk ., uk+, s'. C e + я '% o
k, tsя ! )-%%। e я я D o :
ast k # . trk . d.। e., s o s
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p= ?, Ù;k o %sd ss?k я ?i pя । .nt e a ? .।
#N! e %< % o .k .k .Nc% k। al O %ki я
g!; .+ D- g!; .+ я sD< .;i।
я. d. s %Z . %llh i!% % %i %! !%
ki p?!. я kt pя?- !+, e. , us
я ? e. ps .$ e e. D g(я W ) + +, % .:
। я D. u= Z;< Np। Np। я %?. % % ' !Z <
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240
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я + я ei kd.। e d =Z$n я i ! uk+ % `।
( # um .% % C =)

17 'm,
'm , 1971
% ', '। % % । %i %, .
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k। .C k #$ !% c +-st। . ! . <
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241
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242
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D g!; .+। 7 я ? % . < ak .+।
(d jя. =j =)
o Mn
15 8%m,
8%m, 1971
,., .-%-k-pn. e . e $ .
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p! я k %NO .+ M, % я я %
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243
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, %= a''Z ! , %!r %g . h .+ (.$
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s %g।’’ kd !o, %g : ! .s ! .. g.
$ D g!; . D.- h я. ( я , h aя
k !, k d< %!% p! ! я %< яg + । я
k p.- +$ Z D. , + % ,
% e.n .,। 6 . я !. d . e., < tNp
' . ; .nt kd p., я я . я.
. k %? i d ., . k %? i (. Z % । d
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.,+ ! я। . '% я %< .
< . e . N? . <n D pst, %i %= %n я e.,
: + । %. D. %n? <n + %i ! я g
, s; .o я p?.,
244
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: h p!%, )N; o k %.= ! ok। .gr '- l!. p¬
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я e., a ? .<? i я ? . ei ! '#? e <?
(8k !r i% =)
#k 'Z.
18 8%m,
8%m, 1971
я p %. e.i trk। ei s#< #% яn'Z, . '%
a ,, ,, ,<, # , k k p; a% ),+। !+ .я s,
%n -। tя ' % %% %<s!। = я . '% .я !
!+ D- %r ',, +$।
я trk a C %+ %i- .nt % #$ e . N'Z . =
%я, %C, %?? pr e. k ! я Z ?, %?Z ?, #N!Z ? g !!.
e. = a' <s ! #+। < i! a =#< a ?# pk a R
!?j aOr + g #N!, d? 'g, sя %mt !, .<, 'k o M
e. , a D .-.।is kp N! '# + ,
.. . $i। Z ? ',, 'g#N! . . j+ -, n #
- s-%n % %% ! .u .(+ 'Z !, . '! ।
< ! aM! , =k! , M я '? an%s d`n a< N । p
# , %n %m ! . as'. ajk.o - e .
%nt 'o i। .nt < so pя pk ei Ú .o ! .
!। a?= .k я< । ei яn o я = %nk;
` ., d, a = . Z % e., n o NÊd %я %#k %k !
u? (= o (= !। ei 'g!, g'Z ei .<, < M 7i
.<kt + !। t # . ! n, <s, n ei я %я
.?;Z. %#k t।
)< %s a' k ss?k ?s ' <s। d я a?s
o × uk ?s a' + Nd i? # p.
।
245
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d k >% ? pk %), !?.6 ! ?k #
N! %% u# +। k ! я u?# e %s
pя ss?k %%? %t % ag; !o u=। l a 'g, a<' g .Z
, pя .Z = . ? .<k. a! ., < i? %s
я # !o- % я< C ? %.. %.< .,
я C, .- ss?k pя ei %s tg я NOn a.o
%.< . । - < я; . p#, ) ) ,.-i я. ?s
tn . i? < s a .Z DO %!?-%!# . ।
<s 3s p l o !g !-$ =.L% o r?s tn
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%. %m t % ! ।
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k .< a ., e# ।
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%!? , .?;Z. .+ .я s %!# %D<? u '< . m .
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246
s d t n
s s.
20 8%m,
8%m , 1971
.s N? ! R .' e %i %D ! % e ;
e., ..я . a?। !я i Z D. u$ e% я$ % e. ! Ô .,
'i %n #l %i a%!? >?, )$ o
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p= .।
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Nk, e O% n %! #+ e. '$, dя-
% ? .+ ' я ., d i? %я< ` p' p,
< ak ak .+ ! .. । %mp.' , яi
я ? e % . )N;? .j W +- e . : %sN. %Z .
$nt p !o e . । ei p=O =+, ud< !C p= , ei
C + nd D я< , ei !+ : =-a R rd। %<s
ei uL., ?,. +$ я ? %g ? #$ + e , .s .un
i? #я i pR । ei .N . = .+ i!%, e . %.
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247
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(a% =j =)

248
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pst
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24 8%m,
8%m, 1971
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249
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%i p я Z;< Wd। pst %g %g я । я ।
(#яu !. =)
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24 8%m,
8%m, 1971
< p '%. я#. D я . .я # !+ i
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% p; । я s pp e., я È %$ % ., %
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%!# = । ! ! == D d#< . я ? e. , .',<
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., . %? an#< W . #<k .я d< a
%; e# %। e ': , i <; . । aD< %# .< R
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250
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3s #<k %<pD ei ': $ ## ?s. Ù %m
pR . !। ) o >' bя, !8<я bя $ $ %g
<; .я %. i?i .я r . + । e N!L tg ì %.
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$ s, .m $ %я,, .+ #
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%. p=O. .я # । я. aD< .o %я. я ` p'N
! t %. % e% ($+ %'i %i t e# %
!।
)< tr. l uL a%m . h% o e ! %#
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p, #. %!?, %! 'Z o %W t?# a!<। e t %. - ei
<% > . o %. t %.। ! ! p= %s
a . ' a %mt, $) o as я +- %.
!sk Z<i %.+ C .<? ! <% .я. tn .। a'
a %m '#- . p=O rd я #$ =O . !।
$ i я ',, +$ s ! )< % a ` я я
) ) C - d, sD< ?) %.+ ' # u= ! C %
;D< . nt . !.i p% .। 'i, n o %L p%' %m.< pR
p, s %!#, pdnd । я %; ? ei 'd p%
), !। pdnd )N; , p . , ! s.।
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a . k , a . ?# ? i %i k. я .+। %i ?#
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k .r., 3%st ? D.i %. !. k .r.। 3%st ?
D.i .k % s !।
( <n g; =)
251
s d t n
.s
.s
s D.
.....1971
.s # i + i!% %= ul#? . ! .s .
я #; p?k ', ? <= p d % ! ।
pD p nt я . я #; <= p + । =kn
я s + e ( D.i .s я iM-.< %mя? o
l!. p#Z. k dnd o =kn я s .। =j
!m , # !m, i%.n я<, e %i N, %mя? a # 'N? +
e =kn o $nt я gp D .s Èk .+ ।
.< %mя? %% #t k % g$ !m । k
% %M %M Z<.l n 'n %. =k %m . .s . .<
%mя? я$ ; . ।
я . Cя Z .= i, i, =nd#$ o %i e.i =kn %($
k !; . । i + N, %. ! e.я >% ?।
k e%+ %. a'?t ?- e., %. ‘яn %!। i
a = . , , % eo .u p?k <= ? # % ! ।
.s %< p%8n i! o k e%+ %. ! j,
$nt я an. D । i . D. i! - .s
# i + i!% !c g,.. kp, . sD<, L%d, %np',
, %mя? !, %. o я . sD<. p% $nt i!%।
! =kn, o $nt | ? ei %.#R яn, - o N?
%! oi , pk pi s + । я #; .D ( ' , .m '
a% । я #; . k ( . । я #; -.k, ( =o-
o -o p % % e. r; }N! = e%+ ei %.=k।
i ei #; %.=k ! $ .s %; e. d%! % a!
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%.=k я 'Zs, я , я -L%d o я %. ‘яn’ di
' nt !, %! .s . =, p, Z< , =s , %n o %n
p %; ei %.=k ! , #N! o !+। %=
!+ Z< o Z< । .s я %? . +pn '# a?
Z< ei %. =k ! %= uk !+। o .s -. >.
d a. % Z< D., Z< . %. '#o '# . o
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.nd . %. . %t '# % Z< D., o k `
.s я ?
252
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? . ! D+ = ,. + i, Z< я ? D+ t e. i
lkt ` .s я ? D+ e.t ,. = i, Z< я ?
D+ t (= ,. (= i। %я un kt ` .s я ? D+
,. di % i, Z< я ? D+ t + i।
>? e i । . ?. + t %t k ,. %!? !+
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я ? ? . !+ t e. k bi !я ,.। %i e.i + ` .s 8o
s g я ? ? . !+ k !я ,.। .nd %. %<s k
Z< a% ! !c . t =я । ` .s a% !
. + bi я ।
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` .s a% ! !c . (= biя ।
k '#? . 91.9 '# ` .s a%, . 8.1 '# Z<
:। . r; >?! . '! ;! Z< %яg i %)d' ei
; a% .। st% oя । o # я
! + C ? st% .Di !+, .+ ।
Z< %; %M ` .s %; . + , e o
i। .s . a o . . a?= rd Z<
я #; %% %c !+। Z< я #; t я s. =i kn D. ,
.s %. '' a s. +। ` .s d<
pg o %.=k я . e. iu , я = +, Z<
я #; p 7$ +। ` .s kd pg я #; %M . o
e. iu , % +।
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a%? . k? . # g =+, Z< p !+-
ei #;!? . i = .+।
.s %.=k %% Z< o ` .s %; ? %NO .
=O .+ e %i ) я <á %( ., (= D. =+। .nt 1969 %
% p=O ?D< !। % .s e.%M i 8k, % rd
n r . । Z< , %n, %n p, =s я e. %M #я< uk।
i D. ,. C p, a я #;, +t, W., .N., ?t, dя, p,
s #;nt . ! i >s= % o ; rd a'ZZ<
n яn ।
253
s d t n
.s i!% ei pD % .s -, <-;< < ].?d !
#; %.=k. uL $i। 1969- e ].?d n .s %.=k '
$ e 7 я ei e. C, e.=,
; #; % ?s. )< (= %m ! । я ? ': o
%NO %= %!я n !c %mp. .! яn -!n-% , :-a:
, я-k , k dnd + i #=? ! %m p., ! uk+,
i . e., %mp. d am . %; . n D =,
t.! # я % .k .+ ।
1969- e ].?d n C, =O .o %.=k ?D< !, e.,
)< .l a !% i % # i! ! k ।
я i! =kn .l D e# D. । #
p?k ', ? <= p ! k !sn . । % ( .l
+ %mZ;< 'n।
+,-$ %. я . %M ND.-ND.' ! # - .
p.?, . # । ud? + s rd s. # । %. %M
% =+ । я. %-%jя !% us .+ % .+।
<= ) % #। e % 1970 % 'm % r '! e.
p.N. d<# . ! Z< । %< 7$ %d. яc% k
t .. ) ? p; !। k %!- %m! ! $। ND e
$ p.N. d<# ! । ei d<# % !я !я >% ? , %.
%!?. ' # Z< 7$ udr a। .nt .s %.=k e.,
.o e ei a%! g. e., %n я я ?। % a . .D
#। p¬ uk ! D.। t; .я . >% ? .
,? >% ? % % .+ .? e $ d<# ), # .nt p%8n
%MM i% % .+ .? D. !.p ! .nt
!.pg # .D? gя +$ # dr। я . %. я ,
я ? d !। k . 7$ !+। .n d +
.। a . p; ! Ùi। %. ei uk D.i
= , %= , %n! e яl .l яn + Z< । a . i %n!
я#+, . . я +. ? $ +?
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%?#R aя< .+। d, !- o # ? o ,<।
p , !- Z< , =s ut-` %n p। . d, p
%n o я я ! яC. '© % ,<। % ,< <= is!o
e.=, a% o %яnt. pr !+।
254
s d t n
<= CC p. ! #, %s o #R )< .s
%mp. я +$ e%+, .s 'n '' я t nt; a.
as. . e%+ e %; . ; d =+- %i %s
k;n g. .s я #; <= ? %%' я< .+।
Z< <= CC #;nt i!% e. as; ), । я 169,
% ? 167, % . я ! o ( o #। я
| %?#R aя< . (। o # ei я + %.
%mp . %D< + p; !, . - !m, ,
>% o Ô p'N a: a? ao o # pD< ',.?
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, e %i .! %# . k . %।
.nt CC ul ! # =kn p ! $nt я .-
!. .s %.=k। %i ' я r . । e
ei %#? %!# !% '© .iu dя i + ei $nt.
#t'k।
d .iu ! %i !s < я ut-` %n p
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D.. +-C p¬ я ! . cn ? + । i
%'% D. $ ! %!% %яnt .= D. । я e.я =
pk, k', N!L 'Zs।
'© .iu . , я k . %.=k। ( Z<
s. p¬ %= %c। . = !
=s , %n %n p я #; s. n .o = . - e.
= %k ! (।
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>k. + !, i D. .= <n k#M i ।
я , я
255
s d t n
%' % # я ! o ( . '?L % nt o k
%m.< ( %M e., %7 u ! !। . <n я
>k. 8. ! ।
ei e., ajk. o a ? #;nt i!% !o e,i +
%.=k =kn % =!- # >k. o = s . %<%m %dn। i!
ei %dn a ? + p; o # '© h. %M %M я
3 =< !Z %' . .; i a <O. я ? ); .
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e% я !+ । e ? .iu o '© +$ a ? % %%? + ।
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j । %.=k =kn .D 7 . i ।
o # я ! я #;. nZ;< a!% a%!# n
? p я h я । я #; a!% a%!# n r .। i!
% ! ei a!% я o p= g<; .। %!% . ! .Cu
я . e. ( < >% ? p d-!я p.. .। .nt ei p=
o я ! я #;. n D. h я । я #; n i। %.=k
'$, Z< : o a: ? e., M p; =O .
#। e % я ! d?D<! . ); . - Z< %%. p,
!n-% , jd-NO , :-a: %i % a. , %i s 'i।
%.=k M ,k . Z< %. p% p o #' < !% # .
. k !।
я ,k !c %i я - =s ! я #; Ô я
a o я ? .n ! ($+ , ( o D. #<; . o
# = ..’ =. !? . । %i ,k . Z< k i a?n
L<Z;<।
,k e e .+ i! o e .। 16i =<
я %M = % । = ;। e = ? %. %%?
% iM a ?. .=k an e. , %. a' pst D.
i! %. ‘яn’ p ।
я e D !я !я >% ? . ( Z< ,। %.
%g. o %N . । . >% ? o = a%? 3%
. % !। # % ! $ +। e.. =
p!% = a ?. = dr %. pst।
25 =<, 1971
e %i , - , я ? .s %.=k 1969 % 25 =< D. ak
.+ an.. W . D? s i! == . D. #
e # < % ! . # ! st
j।
256
s d t n
i!% e. '. #;!? r !। ,?|, # , ,<, r ?h
! st . я ?।
k k . <' !? . ।
.N., W., ?t, , r, dg? , +t, . , dя- .u #
ei N% < ! D.। i! !s ? % a%uiя o8
!?.6.o m . ।
N? '. ? a%! ! dя< %!%
7( $ ;; p d। is M яn, i--, %
! - ijя k я ? ast !। a ?., i! <
% g g j ,. Î ; . #।
!% ei unt ? я #; яs %. #k +$ a ? . D
i । я -p i я # % ! s %<'j #;pяnt
%. pR .D ); . ।
.s e .+ N।
.s ei aN? я ? !। .s %.=k,
.s %. '' a s. p¬. k k =
=+। .s ei N? я ? я ! o ( o । .
D. r . # !m, =j !m , isn я<, я !d ,
d .iu , i , , % , i! , ,k яC.
'© p'N g,.. kp . sD< -L%d, %np', ,
%mя? ! я . sD<. - # =b + .s .
?k# я !% ?! . e%+।
e p, : p;।
.s i!% Nt ! ।
% #$ e. ;! %я?s। % p; ' !% , %-
n D. ।
%$ % ., я ].?d' $+।
$+ %< . astst %jя e. ! %M। $+ N? . c . я .
aя< . я ?।
eik $i ` .s $ a ! .o
;k ! p; #।
(я! ! =)
257
s d t n
%Zt

9। s s .nd- %pm-8%m 1971
.nd p= ;M %m.< e t
.., .D.
.N e. ) e

22 %pm, 1971
e.
я # e%+ p d’% #। i e d’% i + .N
e. .D। + ` .s яl ! #;!?, < a?=, ,я o
ag%# !<. .! । i, '+ e. $ । s=k %
o as। o. e., po %। % ‘ k
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j(+ k! .?m। -яM o #+ ) e., +© g। i ? e., $
$ ei .?m। $, =. e. i ? i . $)। e., e
я ! % % + । % . )< 24 + ; Î ; .+,
i o >% ? # ep % %g e.,. uя$ . +। h
.. o g . +, p %s $) o g $ +। i e% o
(= + %n ak . ' # W +।
.?m .+ i . e.я ‘!l’ =(= uk। 8 . iC !
e.я ;। %m .. % # % . .я $। .+ e%i яj% ., .
e . я ? o #+। , .?6 %! %D ., ?k# pя
+।
>% . . ($ .я . 8. #, .. . #। ?-%
d ., .+ e% a %D я =i = e .?6 %!
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p; c . d .+ i <। % % % % tr
258
s d t n
#। s,я k. . kd k e?. , 7 7 яo e?.
, '< . e?. grt u।
! =! . ei .?p .?6। . # .D + + +
$ #। .nt s; . । . i C । ,
! .? , 23 =< <n я । я k % %
! . +। .+ я । %D %D $ e .?p . . 8.?
.я !s +। +t# . । + p, n , p, +
'#। +$, . + %t ,< ,। .я +t %%
,< .+।
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. D. e% d +।’.......
=<-ep я kd $ d । я
¥ pp। я # = , ,< = e g 8 o 8 i, ?!
. । pя ast ! D. e я an e.-d tr% . ) .
।
.?p o ..я %D . o '<, N? . o я
. । N? %D o я я $ pst। .D, .?p яo . e. <
+ । + , ‘o . a%o $ ! a .। ) %
#n kp ! ok, oo . s trk us kp ! ok। tr
.+ . ast + o .+ . + += o . = ।’
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'i, я 'i . (= + ? o . . C ?’’
e p¬ t .+ + । e p¬ %m ! ! p a%?। .
, #+ , !. o я я .<? . i। %
< % o% = . =+ % . t # .i . W ?’
, ‘ k.। i .+ e . । pя p; । .nt я
'i. +$ asti =n . ! я , o di 'i. ).
!? .+। (= +। .nt я 'i. ! (= ।’
di
...... %pm,
%pm, 1971
.?m .+ % ., .?p ( C %। . e.я %
я !o . ‘o %D .D , . c।’
259
s d t n
% я 38 D. 40 + % e.я .। .. + # : #j M
яn .+ e.я >% . !%। 25 =< <n + .?nn। D.
D-pn, -яM d . $c . >% ? ! rd। я
, ( . я (= + . (= i। .D p%M ‘‘ я
!% : (= D.i ' .? ` ' я !% a .+,
%< .+- p i !। % .D % .D . tr.k .i
!। -'i-e a' ! ।’’
a. ! ' ei k ., .D। . a% N! . #' tp? я
.+ 7! s : a pi я .+ $। я
p;p st-t (= D. D. p¬, я .+ #j;।
e 7 . . .?n n t di .m M яn
an 5/7 g; tr% ? d O !o d . . D . + ।
% я-a.< . < Ô .+। $nt . %n? % ast# =
o !+। e : яtr h. . t%<; . । a ? ? :
aC% Nt d .+। e.я p; 10 я p; .?n n D.
e%+।
% я .+ .?p -. o .! । , ‘e.,
#i e%+ 40-50 я % e% s #$+। # o . o +।
я o. . !। s ,o e D. Z। i .?p я
kd. e i o ! c ।’
, ‘40-50 я %k tr% ? . o kd o
.।’
!% , ‘ , , ,i । 15 я i o 50 я .
я ? DO। i l!, ] 15 я !i o an 30 я ! e a ? ..
p; (= =O .।’
.D p%M .+ я =i u' k !! Z. !। e.,
.8< . !! ! !c 1:50- aD<L #$ e.я kd 50 я
` .s >% ? !! !+।
, ‘e , . . %m? d d’k !! e a .D
. ।’
я ‘o # । .nt e я = +। % ?, .
я ? e.t k? o .। o e.t k? ! ($+ p; (=।
i, p; (= # o e %D di . + , . o
।’’.........
260
s d t n
% я %D .D % % e% !я ! e.я r; Z
< %-e%-
aC%। .. % #o + . e. !. p%.।
M, # e., !C,<, e.я$ %; %?6। яj% ., e
as . ? я я , ‘e = #$ .o %m । d, %! kd
e.-.$, e.-я .,c % . k . % ' ?’
'd. = # % я .+ % । %. !. p%. я
e.я k% !% .я .+ । я D. , - o %' D. ,
।
e% ' a ? s ! । % я .+k; e .
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e., !. 66 .< + t % o। d ., %. .
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%! = p!% ! яo я । .nt e? e + .s
%. %<k a #!N .<=। я + e я ? d। e ic . kd
D. Z % D. । .nt e я ' ' । '+ я
e.я !%। i я t !% 7( $+ k%g। %? ., ei
t <i < k%g %= Z? D।

27 %pm,
%pm , 1971
k! .?m D. ! $ #n?s ud?। %$ 12,। D +
22 i। aD= %яD # e Zt a<. h% . %m +।
t % % я . % . + % . e. %m.<।
. ] e. k! o trk %k +। %D e.я #i8o
+ . a% !।
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. яM яM +$ .+i । t , . % ? ।
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dя =+। r; = # #, + + । r;. яj% .
я , % я! ? a %< +t। e k! .я .+। я
$। h #i #+ । $ + 'i । # ep % .s
>% ? .я $ . । +,'i . g . !? .।
a? +, ,.o N as o , $ D. Z। ei % $
#+
261
s d t n
.! . . + i %n !%, ! ei )N;? a
#? p i । , ek ! $- - a p . i !।
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k! ¥ tr rd d . =+। +, 'i !? p % +।
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k !, !-n-g u$ s я ., % i
! %?. p o।
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aя : r; . , ijя O .+, o
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e%+। + я % । i k% #? k
o я ? ak .+।
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। a # $। , o + + $। %
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i . ($ #। % Wd D ! e। : %, s
я ., . %।
i . e# #। = % < .s % . =h।
=. 3% + # +। %.+ 6'6, g j+ g g 6'6 .+ .
% %%। % +। n e. Nd. e# #। , $
। Nd % 70/75 !। e., +. d .D r . । Nd
яj% . .D D. e%+। я # D.। $ ।
‘$ ’ e .D, i Nd (L. uk , - $ , я C,
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262
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я ' + ? % (= D. e i।
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a. ! e ', e Nd + % + >% . !i ।
e # %, p; o # e я %%? я
u ! <= e.। =. DD '। .Do . # । ei
я Z ? D = = !kL s u e., . %D । 27/28 + .,
$। я। s'.'i ! ., %m яn .u ! । d’я
=+, . . .D i। .+, D e# # n .jZ! o ud#
i яj% ., ‘c 'i, u ! %! .?’ p¬ .i я i .
! . я . !। .nt p¬ ., . e Z s . i .
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263
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=
3 ak,
ak, 1971
m %! %D .D a . ! #। D.D i%-
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k! # .я 7 . D. । .D e s; d . O
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!। ' я # %!7 .+ я$, u$ +।
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я # # e., #$%! i u$ +। #$ !
..я я. p; !+।
%. p 8,। m %! $ +$ я D ! $ k. e %
] D. i =. Z r ! ,< o # # <;। # <; =+ =+i।
D . k; # । i ?, я <n m %! . ) i
. । i?% e., %!% r;. k ! ?, я %। ) d’e.
r; e% я !c p? . . . -7 i! s e. я#
s . u$ #+। s я. .?n n # . D.
i . Z e% as e % D. a #<; r .। .
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264
s d t n
!+ .Do ! k! . +- e 'i я >% ? ), s
i Z D. #<; r .।
!., %. 8, D. 11, <n a #<; . .l tr ud। s
d’ o % #g +($ +$( e# e ), s। e p o 1 ) %।
., o %#j ($ D. . . k # #i+। .nt d%
я >% ? n n . (яя .o . k% . яn N ( я । .nt o
.?n n # я t .! . я .+ k !- i ..я
! g%. e g . !? .।
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%. ji । .nt p¬, + ! я ,.
. ! aD a ? .+ D. . ` .s %. яn e ' #g
a= . ?
яo я .+ D. +। ì e , ।
' +, ` .s 'n %. яn e <n D. p
!я ., ,. å; .+। D. . d # ll g,
!। % ! < яn k D. - i i '© =k। .nt `
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?i +। d % akn ! !i %. яn. %s яjя D
å; .s ? я a# .D ); . !+। å; я ?
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d s ! k я %#j u ); . +$ #?n D. ।...
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kd . D
4 ak,
ak, 1971
k%g +% Z< !+ # 25 %pm । ei +%

kd ., e#+ # ! ! .+ i।
<;k . i kdo e. %C o p%n p' . e#
c। D d#<। tDo %|। o ei t s o k % ¹
я ? ak .+, ei N% я . ' uk+। # 7i =< ]!%.
я %' Mn
265
s d t n
я + , ‘‘k +, -.nt . k . +$
i l!।’’ Mn '?d; D? ! । %i % =< % D. k r,
e я s o k я ? k =+। .nt ei k o p; e e.C
। : ! e ast। k e k! rn। ! я
!c ! % । i #' p? . ( я o - ‘‘k
+, । i l! #, . .s ! .k ! +$।’’
# +’% kd , ³ sN !+। d e e., ³ %d
। ei , ³ !c- e., ;M %md e .N e. k< # L।
di. aD< . ³ p?k a%!#। . ? я %NO e i% яM C?%s
=k u k# я . o aD< . = Nd।
! %M k! d %C? .D # pDi ! %pm %
d .D। ei d 119 я % ! !+। . ! aZ
i+ !+ =.p d। .., # %st ! >% ?.
ak =O .+, u' D. k! # %!? k; =।
%M # g%। C h ! >% ? ! !। (=я ! >% ?.
g% , C। aO g dr .। d o i+ e <n
! >% ? 7i e., o a ? ? ! 3%, kgs . !+। . !
a'?n; aso ! >% ? я ? 'p। ! p?., grtZ;< s ( o !
86 8 b. . ?s !+। # == я ?i ei ?s।
.nt # %? %?i a ! , ' M %
. s D. । ?. # W । a: я. ? . ! ei
8b. ! ।
e, # %md o # L .D। e aD< . ³ d ।
. : ` .s ;? . + । C !!. uk+ i o a: ?%
!। = , + , +- C . : я uL =c । C
. ($+, i e., !% + ‘i. . ,i%’ t. %=< ?। sO '
+ , ‘‘.s aD< 'M $ c। lL , .N uL , >. d o
d D k %|;< !o .s e. r; aD< . %|, $+।
D. , p . 80 '# . #+। .s %g d . (l '#i
% , p .। e+$ n. ;я? 250 ., ,.o k
!+। e.. ei' aD< . k a ?. d = # i!
C?%s=k % = !c (l ., ,.। 1970 % яi % .s
>. d ! + 22 ., 60 8, 1971 % яi % ($+
13 ., 70 8। # d’% ei ! Z ? !+। a ?. p 6-
i '% o o'-i '% e r; .s Z = c। N,
o ³n .s p %d . +। o. p= !c, ?| . %,
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. %!? %m ।
266
s d t n
я %NO o я . = kt i!-=k as । ' o
%', iu k is! ei pD ‘Z< .s ’ b, . !+ e
Z< ‘a !;’ a. k N%.l .D ); . !+। %',
iu n .,, ¥8 iu , ³-e .,, %. % e..?
C?%s яM=k < n .+ e %$ % .,
Mn я am k .+ ‘p'’ o ‘iя's’ t. .s
! ! . < s ; p. . !+। я? . p
%. #;pяnt %. p nt .+ e. < . p ntr
ul . .< %.. s. . +। %! k% p'
<n %%? g;< Mn я k %! <n %%? ? %i
%g! a' r .+। e+$ я%) %; %; .<. '
%%? я . % .+, p %', iu , ³n, %i8 , i.8 o
o я %D< я +। u#6, яm, я<n , ?n% e =o
%%? dr % .+।
.s ! pk a . e < %# + ।
+ , . яC 8 . oC l. Nt a%. %. %
!+, я p t . #? i। ..я a? o a= . ei
( %. #k . !+। .=, , ) s $+
‘яM! .’। ! !, in.n n D. %m.< .., grtZ;<
!%?я .' uo ! #+। C i!-=k % ! $+ । =. as
N%, e '8 i। i %!% . ( я
-
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k >% ., я a <,
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(d #CC =j =)
kCjя .?m
..........ak
..........ak,
ak , 1971
% e., kCjя-e .?m #+ ,< %g! я ?। .nt ?

e., ic %p +। %, ! %i %s . , .D , ( -
t-я % n +n ., s k d< D 7(
$+ tr o। %? . e, . %+। i ,< %g!
+ . %i %#, a.sL e% # e. ! Z < . .?m я
m .।
267
s d t n
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8 s . u$+। .?m e. я# .g + ast ×
.+। .u .u я . C c, e. я# ..я я
t. $+। % = e., 'i %c, % p; e.i N o p?।
! e %i e i я ;< aN uL% a#! . uk+। !kL
e., , D. e., . = !; = e। o . .
= я$ #। o #' a =g ! - . !Z < %g j uk
< ! । +,. e ' # . ' %m; .
। e# # яj% . ‘‘ , .?’’ pD . ut . । = s<
. ( , ( , i। ! o . t 'n
7 . e. k? ( я +। i $ c b। .+k; e., ts !
- ‘ ?’ e., D ‘‘ я ? % я ।
% i e.- :’’ =. uk o .D । %mL C o .D। o
, ‘‘ ,<।’’ , ‘‘!?(। k! t я # $i
` .s >% ? +। e o ? e.я +। ic !,
D.o % ? я ।’’ `< ! #, e $ %!%. %o e.я '#
( . . i। eg e .+ cc ?। ) !
)% u %। % i # я e% .s
! .. ?, $i я >% ? k aZ a.N
e. )(, #$+। e.D %i . я ? uk ($।
.nt я я . + > ! । #n '# .
+ ! ! %D e-e-я, ei=-e-я p'N +$o i ,< +।
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!। я#, e., u(= = o ,h। .+, Z . e. $ e. k; p!। h Z
c tr .?m p' o .m । я , %. = $ k e
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7 %m , яnt !? . e no +। .nt % a< .6
p . !। k. ! %$ e#, . k; =। .6
d’я . tr .?m я#, < . # ।
p ) C e% я s i a . Z e
k; = !, A.B.C ei d। %$ ,,। ), 180 ,,
. %!s %.6! uC 'o a%!? #। e % .' .,, ] g
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.6 । e.=o e.-o. . я i। % i Z . . .। %?
C e?% ,?, =(, 7 7 ) ) ' . # c,
!। e.N O .+। . '% %+ aZ 7 D. . C #n। !kL
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#?+।
268
s d t n
C uk। яnt . % ! #+। astst t m .-
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e., Z <O s e% A.B.C d '# ! ($। A o B di L-
M-G, H-M-G, S-M-G %; iC ($ di , $। e D. tr .?m
t = #я Zt। C diя ., ul . tr.?m.
u' ? pst ! i। k. %$ e#, я % %
ast #я< . uk। !kL-k; tr% ?g .+ 7 .?m 'i = . %
i। i .я .?m #8< я ? +, , % + o N? nt;
$c। .?m ' >% ?g . %$-b o 7 .+
e., Cn . =O =c। =. । astgo । .;
u .$ < aD g O . । !kL o. % + ., #я<
. uk o e.%M h <n. < %i ' . . , %M %M
trko gst b #। 7 pD !kL k; %
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b .?m + . ast я i = o % D.
Zl ., o ,< %!? `h . । .nt 7
. + C % k; =O .+ % i dя .,
% +। i %i dя ., я e% $ a
k ., #я< . uk। %M %M e#я +t'M o ..<?Z
tr% ? u e$ g +$ .+k; ?i .;k% . । alk;
i .6 tr% ? ast C t%<; .। g; =lя ।
N %? 210 я ! . g e., !% . .। .nt k .
%i !% . e. n +, e., 'я 'я। e., D , ‘‘
g; 'i .+। .; N %? e., i +। dя no . ! !+।
++ = d, = 'я %। =. #Z DD ! uk+।
. %nt pя . । . pD %Z< % ! 7( $
. ;M । я)% ti ! ., p, %Z<, p, %Z< s। ei %,.
n % t°; % pя #?D = ' % n
.!
( . я )
dя<
12 'm, 1971
=dя<-= d%!% Zn %n । # 7+ k k,
- . d%! .n .n। k k , arя + )=
Zn d я dO। ..D ! t Wn! kn! b। D
# ut . 3 -p3 -
269
s d t n
d < r;

Wn! kn! %., a,
%Z< % <#
k. яr +n'M
* * * *
%# Z+ < ! '# #$। .; .k s kk %g
D k D. j!N k! । k! dя< %!% ;.j %!?
.-! , ! .. я. '%nts। %Z ut pn D. k;
pn k! %C? ksk ।
.+ #i я! bя, u$ kCjя . t = -
+ a% %!%. o ;.j =। ,! o я. ag% %
ast , #o a. kp %D . . bя, u$ #
d %k ! । ..я . gCo .+ , %i %D .+ Z? nt,
aststo !+ !s#। ‘e ! .! e ! s ’। %=t ;i p;।
!$-t jd ! 'Z- D. e. jd< a!% nt3 ut !।
!я !я D<t, <, c D., i!% D?' k.-+t =; .+
%s, %g! .+ D?- %i !я !я + p= jdst ; !+ 3%st
!% a j+ . ! a!% ,। <d %i . я
!+ k! !।
я #%i #я, . i ! я. # a?D<
k?st ! .+ N? ;। + = s। %,, %! ;M D.o %+
k! %C? । .l n # k%g ;7 7 7.N।
g!% a. . e% #+ i!. ?# .
+$t। ND -% '# a. = я ? !। . .’я
.% '#? ),+ e.i ;।
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b s M я. । . #, -# g, ,< '. b i
. k! r; # ! g 8 %b s;, eeя’ ) )
ag?#, Z < .% я. a%! < , я %C?o un dn
r; ul%3 .(c ##n। ei p=6 %b % tr. %NO .+
h.m । i .-%. % ! . c .। h<h g 8 s;
s ` .s <; . я। я , a;?,
!$, g #я n я ? ak .+ N? +। ! a,,. iCi D.
# D.- e. . я i !.- p!% #я< '. %< C
($ + %kL #। D.D ‘.C ’ я! я я =,
an!<। i t%= ts
270
s d t n
` .s kk- 25 =< ! . pя +? =-k -%n #
! '+ . ? =+ s.। =+ '#
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)। e. = D я o + ,k a?=। 48
% ut-` %n Ô я .-! C+ । k! %C?i )-i
.! я ? N? e%+। dя< dя< p; я a?m।
(r !% =)
k ) e

6 8%m,
8%m, 1971
kd ei !Z < e., ujj a? ? p .+। p p!
kd ' e. я 3 . +। яNp =;
k e . ;. =n e !n . +। tr !,+, +
!,+, kd e# =+, % =+। . tr .-! N? tD
pn e% k.+, : ! k; d e% #+। kd '
=+, % =+, =+ k !%M uL%। . ! +,
+, + )N; e g an.। o N? %!я, %m- i %?। at ?t,
%?t i a। o %g . =। n %g %'?
%n?। %'? o . Np। %i %'? st e.t k।
%'? rd )< % d % n +, ! ! % d.
+$ + N!t ND। .s %g k s ! =i+। =i+ ND
я$ < N? , !?j <= r .।
e D !। e D !। e ast. 3% . !। e .
!। %'?. k . !। . (= !।
я . (= $i। s k an i ! p=O =+। o
%.+ %, $ j + !,+- kd ' . (=
W я$ !c । i? h a k ! #+। .nt %g a . s i e
j+। ` + !, pk a %; .+ $, । j + g g,
% %।
k; ) e। .. # ei a .-! %D p=6'
$i k! k; p 600 #% .
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271
s d t n
% #o +t k% % , я . i > $i
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(= ।
e., `< p e %!% 'd.. я e d< . + an e.,
)- k! %! .< ., । ! k. ! ,
.nt .?p я! % k.? ` '?L я ।
я! s %! . # C g। g, i '। a. s
k? . g e., $o i। =.i k;!Z < я ? % .
+ । . . $ ) D. o Nd Nd ( uk । g ast,i
!; .+ . e. ; । .?p я! %! !?(-ei g e# !я
. %#? #N! +। .nt e + - e.,o i। s %!
. .। )< i ) b %)< .-! + !, % %
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e । Nd .+ e । = ( ar। k(,
d, e., $। . b uc ! । C # । s %! я , Nd
+ d k .। =, #i #ri + %m। e % %D। я! %!
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e % D.। , .?p %! $ #+। . C
= ।
'M # .?p я! .D । =. uk। o,
e. +t Nd a= . o ) $ + ? .,i
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%i j c। e., C gi -e h C o p >
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= = # $ e., ', o, ) =.; =, $ C,
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% g। %i % e - k., +t, g .N.-W.।
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! e., 'M %i.। .?p %!. я . C . , ek; .
ag< )(, . !c। +, e%+ . o N; .n
я<। o a?n s! +t +। e o e.я k >% .। o %!% d। e.
!, D o e# я kd 100 я .! . + !, +। 18 я .
!? .+। N; . ! $ । %D = !। 8 !
?nя (। , e . ? c'i я d N; .. # di !
! b
272
s d t n
#+। o .+ , tr . a kn ! । N яn bg
s e
o( .+ D. = # %i. =। ! $ .?p
я! %! ‘ %D %g ’-। ! $ я ।
(% %. =)
) e k

8 8%m,
8%m, 1971
a . 7$7p o- )<s d 3s !o %to %!я s'. %я ? %<t
akÇ। =. %я %я। g %i =n N?i + d’ = ',
e# =+ % .। D +, e., $। e, ! !।
, 'M $ + i e., ( %(. > . !+। !
! g p . # g% , 'M +। e i . %(.
> .+।
o # D. ($। % 3s e., $। , . 7$ 6 o,
3s ! । i!% .| i! unt я g $,. j +। e# #
$, '। . i, + = = k। ( uk e. pn e., ..
N! $ +। o, g =h , g !s .+ .. ,o !i
।
!?(, + я e., k .D। oi ³n k! e., +,
a . n । # #+ o .?m। D = c s
..я a%। ? e.я , ‘ $, o, s !is p
k. $। g . e di t. !? .+ e e.t .
#+।’ %= <n. !, s %! e. + t, e.,
я %n ( uk %я k . , D,. =j= . C+।
e., я .s . e.6 ( D # , D ' (
>=. n ‘.s яn’ =L. . uk+।
e яl 6 .D us ! s я। %
s . . u$+। я . %# !+। . .,
7 !c . . e. k !, ., я ! i? !. . .D।
p, N % a. ! #+। p% я e. a'ZZ<
%я।
273
s d t n
я D. al Zi k! .?m। % # .?m i,
;M । e.я d ! ! .?m + । .+ # %, =.
D. a #g b !c। e.-e., p=6 b %D ! r;, = ! uk+ ।
. d . , % ? ) я ? . D. !c। ek; ;M D.
ì % .., ! я । 8k . W +। .nt % W
= । ic .i % d । .nt + ) gr। . . 3/4
. W !। %?, Mn %#? a % я e.-e., agsM ;
!+। ei g dя< k s< tr %. p ! 'M $+। N?
.+ я t। ! d, ujj = . . Wd D ! #।
.?m D. e.я r; %D e# # ;M .। . %+ b
b। D g% .u = .+ , .u + + , .+ ..
3s )$ .। o =- ' . =h ।
k! u a# % d > n .я . c । i!%
)N;? яl i! 8.t ! k; t-я !, я я )$ +$
a ?t = ? !+ e. e. C %+ । . 7 #$ uk+
я %।
g pn # us !। % . '
k! ..я яo > ! + - . . . я ?। o .
. я #< p?. #<। s t . o - =
ud%। я ! $ !o k e. k ' u $+।
e N %D % t .+ । o %!d p=6 k; .=., .
=+ я?' 8.t। ei k; ! '$, ! я
'. |gs ! + !,+। Mn < .! ei d<< d #n
+$ c я <। =Z$n ) ! ! ,. . dя< %.l a,
Md< ei ! %$ % ., :. я c- %mZ;< k %#।
($ .+ di i 'i p=6 d =+। .яi
% o । e C !। C e .?m। e., #i C
e%+। + o .?m,। .nt o . . ?6я (। d
. % o !kL g #। .nt o .u. d = c। .nt !
+ !, #+, kd e# o dя %!d. + o.
% я ?। .nt o. .?m C e%+। . o
($ +। M- #я, .( s # = ujj p। o = # o ag<
)(,।
.+ d । oi i o , D trk !+, o яi
4, ! . .+। ` e k; = tk L। .яi
% a.i $। 8o s a R !c। ‘j.’
a R Mn ; i .k ! uk। '' k? . o
= e. .k D +। ‘j.’ ! i . , Mn я tr !
n। .nt %%
274
s d t n
! %Di + , < =+ % e# , я NÊ =
.। i Z D. i D. . , <i p; c N? '.
!; . % e# । e a . .D utя ! uk+। !kL
g g . p=6 d, b ! e. .+i। . s . o , iC,
o uk ($ $। .nt k;i nt; .. uk। k; o.
C+। i o %m C । . , + !। oi b
.+i я. k. । o. i ।
( '©=< =)
;M ) e

10 8%m, 1971
s e a %C? D t .+। p, ;M e `
! ! k! .+ !d c e + !,+। a=i k? .
.+ !, ; M%# .Z e% ($+, D. C % e C
o d, si n। % . '. t .. i !$-% , ।
kd e e#, e# =+। tr e k .;k% ! $+। ,
, , я, , , %!, =©g k! .я ? p e%
#+। e% a a. e. e !Z < k! e e% e. .. .,
e s #;pяnt. %. p?k nt; n я r
.+। p, ;M e k! ul%-3 - ‘я ’ p.m। ,
e , d kCjя 'i %D . e ei% ;M %C .
!+- e . %i 3s , я - Cbr .? ei +
pD . %g . .-% # n 3 .( .( uk-
;M g я3 %D . `<' e.t , , #!,, %k
;M sN a я$ ‘я ’ ‘ я яn’ 3 -,
;M kd %D D.o । % ;M : я e., % ;M
3 я e., % ;M =t я e.। k! %<t я+, я+। ;M e %i
%D p?n l e. я o я 3 , । % ;M i e.i
t .- t .- e# =- e# =। #!, ;M e% ! %i
i!% g.! яt +
275
s d t n
% । ! .я6 g.! яt Np 3 %C?. ak

.+ e %i ! i . r। e t %C iM.i = । я
t.i s. .। e.., ! e.., e. D. e% e., D t .+।
tr %D o .u ! ) 7+, .u )। % я+- tr.-
!+, . %m .+। %i e% !+। ek; o $+। .nt .u
W = । i o t r। a.sL e., . % ! uk। o
t .+ .D? o 3 o я = =, . =। .<, ':, ': tr,
! ! । e )< % ) ` ! $+। a k! p=6
k; +n'n ! #। g . k! %D %k %!# . e#
e । e o o । e o я । ;3s #!, ag<
)(, ! %k .6 я я %D। r; ?s। D e.,
%я .?, ,, e. ! e., Z e a ? ! e., s.। . s. uk
я । ( .+ #। яj% . tr kk . ;? +©
я h। ! s. ! . Z < . । e.,
, я 3s as $ +। ? , kk p; ! , e.я D,
+ . i 7 s- !i .6 я %! s., ., 8i %
NO C ] | o .k , $ +। e., % 8i
% # ! %i d'<? | ? D. o ( rc-
k! >% . e% |, d$ =$ g($ । %k .6 я
%! . яj% . e kk। .6 %! e .., gr.
% ag< )(, . t . я ? . , e tr
. C i । dr %m !। o . C ! ।
% ei k! ei ap? #. D % = #. dr
. । !% . =, я ।
. ! ¥ e# c % , ` u$+ Z, .6
#$ e# #। k! ` . %Z< : . ! $+- =
#- Z, a . Z- e.% = o- e o tr | D. .
( uk+, =. tr N! $, $ 3s %. , o =-=,
! p; !। o ! ! e., ( 's, o o `
%? e., 'g. , d, k ¥., ¥. o o $ ( uk+। e
! +। e !,+ । = o e. Nd e g ..g r-
; . C #। e% k! 'n .< %!# .+। e
%i %s ‘я ’ 3 g . C+। e# #। %i g
. C+, .nt e. Nd, % e.D =, ` ($ k;। Nd NO o %i
Dpn- . k! ' e# #+। Nd o = $i
, ( = ar। яj% . . , ($ + . ? Nd, .
.i ‘ ; #+ d। . o ! C।’ ( .s

276
s d t n
- aD= k? . , ( k(, d, o $+। ! Nd ;
k(, Ô < !я ; D < !c, ; k(, Ô %dn
< !c।
(% %. =)
k
12 8%m,
8%m, 1971
! ! я s.N %?! я p,
h <, я %. h6 b ! я। p?!. .я,
=n, sp, я#; % p aW 3 !c। '%, : p
!Z < ud#, =n-a #, ND $ %! 'Z я# uk+।
.nt tr e +। tr t%<; .+, a . t%<;<
. # +- N? я ? <। e a?= я %! !o .,
ast . u? !+, i!% ei a) । i tr% ? я e dr, e
.r;। .nt . =h c a ? +,-$ . !,
60 !я g . sk c? tk %! k! e. e. g o
! . e# =+ e i c c 3%, 3% 3%।
%'? tr =M ( я o g, L% ! a?= k . g
! o D =- e. a= я# D, . 7é! g o ।
== g, я n r% , . = Ci Z Z . !o। =
%i +, +, ) я h s я m;। k! t ! # %M
%M я #; . ul%! %i ! k C c। d! $
я c % %m;। . D. e., , D 7 # + k s।
% D D 3% + C uk+। tr a?= .! । jя k' p.
. . s я #; ' ! c। p. . # a . .n '% c
., sя я ! ?D, %m ! d, #N!! a%! .n- .nt k
% , , d= + # #i+- %$ % ., $ я।
.Do D o = $+ # e., । я #
.+ #o % + e.я %. aC% as =.। tr% ? -
%.. !? .+ e % ! #+ #। k! D. я =i , .nt !,
Z< %i % d sN s; i। k! p, %%? = d’ C(,
ar $, t ! яo %! ' Z я । e# =। ! a .
.я। b .я %mZ;< . ! D%m . % ?। + p% t
%+
277
s d t n
.<? %. .। я #; %%?, d । d p. .
a%. p% .<=Nn e %i .я,i %= grtZ;<। p, i я
trk !o %M %M dr a%. % C , я #; Z< % C
e % %n t i, %M %!# . %; । %.
я #; %! %?. %-%Nd ; !।
.+Z e., +,, d ! tr %M, tr->% ? , t%<;
. h। .+Z # = $ e.я ! । ! e., s # ,
NOd e % я। e.я kd я 8., яj% .
k. , । rt %i я-я r;,। k! ? .u .u .
я. %n! ., a . a . . n? .। .u .u .$ o ast,
%). uk %я !+, D . C , ( . ( . r.। .nt a .i
я =i p.N ), ,। %!% .?p e, ! D, . g% D.
., я - ! , яj% . k. । ! я , s s-
?h %Z< g% .+ . . )। %.n '©=< . %
.D
k. =+ n-
k. %n ,
яo o ? d . a' ?
* * *
n, я. ) o
o k
k. (я .
%Z< D।
* * *
!% я D
nn D.
) #+ .+Z #
k D (.।
* * *
n, я. !
+ uk !o 7$,
k. i,
e k si .।
e k si . ।।
278
s d t n
! a >% . +< ! $। %. p¬ я#- .
ei aя ! ! % e. e. tr. + . D. k; .+®, !
k! .+ t%<; . =+ %। . % e.я # ! %%?।
. $$ %. 8k tt D = r। . k!
.?p $ # e $ $ Nt . #
!% я D

nn D.
) #+ .+Z #
k D (.।
* * *
(p $ =)
279
s d t n
%Zt

10। s .nd ‘b% .’ Cbr 1972 #s, 1971
p= ud< a R D.
e., ud< .D.

14 #s,
#s, 1971
я 14i #s- N .s яn । ei N b, =. uk . .; i। #
25 =< ' i!, ,k e я %' .s . !? .+। 25 +
' j .s N? ),। яn D. N? <n ei . .nd . ei
e. a . ;-a?=-=kn = !+ s ;< %m ।
%k +।
# 24 + i!% a?= e < i!%। C?%я e., яn =t। ei =b
+ e %. e . #R #;nt %s e . }O .+।
?t e .. .N . =O .+। M %?#R- . ei ' '
! #;nt. pR ! । #;nt pR ' . e %s %C M я ,
.?; 8. । i #;nt pR ! =kn = #। e < o
%! #;nt D. rd . !। .#R ; + M <'r। < !i
sD<%d . । i% aD< . ; e . ' o %sN u
!sk r .। ei ; D. =s e . %n.o k ! । %n я #;
. я. .rd .।
%n p я #; . C# . я < =। u! p;
я . d #CC . .<. N'Z D.
$ .। e . < = j. g. %?L . я ? Ô я
a .' <; . !+।
%mp. e., '| =kn .D ul .+। pk , ? 60% '#
e t 40% '# ` .s । < %.=k %sO ' я
s ! #+। i d g p=6' j .s >% ?.
`h . =i+ '? (= D. ei% >% ? ?' ! .
!। e. ' , 'j#. =, я
> n я a'?s % 15 i Z D. e% ei N. % 'Z .
- e.t a%! N? +$?
,?. i! ei kk ,. .l a . Z<i .+। ei ,. %=
)N; o '| =t ,k (’ . % e. p¬ .+, ‘‘, 72 ) ?
s %g. t . ?’’
280
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. nt; । - M k pя ।
ei ut %ntO ! ,?. ). i! !m. s#< i% = । + $
D. %i kk ,. ।
25 =< %i ' ). ,k %st < ! 7( $ st, !
u। . ., #я< %M %M ‘я’ 3 o p=6 r
+$ $ .-%। ,k e !'m ! +t, W., .N., dя, l,
e. <= !? . । ` .s < ,
%g я$ = !?, , <;। g g $ । , k
k। e.. ei% a?= a ?. s %g k o $i
=। я e. ! e., is ! #। k ! я e
%n , e %n '| ) %D , p=6 7$ %D я $ e N?
= u = !%।
# 25 =< ,k ( 24 )- ) D. , D. % ak .। e
s %g 5 %। aD<L tr. D. p?! p=; =c as s'.
। aD<L p %s ## ?s cn, >d?. ?s <s, aC% я я
, k pR g n, . =. sb, k! p k; < >% ?
D я( +, %tя %. s aC% p;' . D $ я+। ei%
aC% .D $ яi, % %; >% ? u। . i %
? . N? k i %.#R ud?। %. s . aC% d
# N! .k > .C ' k !। .nt %; >% ? # .
, ,= % .я %। e,i i% Nt।
D? %m, i! i # +, !n ', o # <= я !+।
=L.! D? %m, =L.। oRdi =o$ , D? я' jt?o
a%। я )N; .<.. . C я ? . D? ? e! (, .
, s e e, r яn %?। D.D .s N।
# !. %t .s ., i = ! d#<n % k . ।
t. я; +$ % %। i %i N o + Mn
я ! . s । %$ % ., h sn sn . s
. .? я e.я ?k , ?kt %s M я ? e.,
.sm, D < . e., ;! я pR . я ?। я ,
M . e , D. `h .। -
i!% %Z= !, .-%. nd- яr %M . ।
i!% Cu , r, iя, =M%, !. %D e., .| ! D.।
% । ). ! i!, % ।
(ud< Z = : я! %d.। a : C )

281
s d t n
%Zt

11। s .nd s .nd ........1971
p= < = t
a R .., .D.
i% NO
....я
....яi,
i, 1971
asi D.. . aD s'i !. . , l! .g

D. . . . । e.я a% ! , s. .C ! ,
aD l! rd tr . , .nt o !% .g a. i%
s.N। %% a. D. . . k .i i। e a.g !c-
a., % a., a. e Nt. a.। aD<L . D.
., % D. ., D. . e Nt. D. . a.
. i।
l! = .o e %s a. D. !r . । %
l! r .g a. %# . k + % ND . p=
ki a. i %i .?; D. . .। R ! l! C
! e%s a. D. .u. . =, % i% NO DD<
=h !।
'n a < N% a ? =+ %g Z;' <
i% e l! ?= n। 'n a
)%%, .Nя e %я. %m.< я .+- % %s .
%s a. D. . D .+ %mZ;' < i%। kd
e. , o ) %% .+, uL%- n p %M .
%m.< <p !c %% . %. p. %m D. cn . . =
a ? i , e, я) ? = e i% <Z p=6 )। . C 'n
я# l! C Nk %k? c , e %d %k? c , % e
Nt. %k? c । eg d e,i p; ! , l! . ei =, %m
? p. = ।
aD<L . ? a' .O , a' %< D. , %

a' % rd ! e Nt. a' #N!! ! । %, %s .
o a?= =c, e !?.6 %. . .+, i%
uc; .o ND i e.t i%। % l! L o e.
e. $i।
282
s d t n
}, - (= a. .D ); . =c ( я e.
!i। % a?n #Z' <% e l! p p;। e %s
rd a ?' ; ast ; .+, i% rd a'
); .+।
я !i, я a!< ।।
(>% !% =)
i% NO я!

8 ak,
ak, 1971
।। d a ।।
l! b . C % o C. %m.< hя (+) . <
. +
. !‫" ا‬#‫ وﺏ‬.‫ ا ا ه ار وا وا
ووه ﺏ‬
.‫ا‬$ ‫ ﺏ‬$‫ ا*) وه‬+‫ ا وآ وا ﺏ‬- ‫ا آ‬$% ‫ و‬.‫ا‬$% &‫ن ﺏ‬$ (
aD<L, ! , a% o C. rd я! ); .r e . .r ।
e %s !+ । e a?n .NO k. । ] %s C.#; .D .Di l!
.+ , kn #!< .D< o % !o %tto .C .я . e
.%m ] %s ic p. . g %D an . i। aD<L, .
(. . я . !% . я ? ] %s a. o 't! .D<
$, g p.Nk %mZ;< D?। p.Nk o !c % Ô । eя ? ]
%s Ô .D .;< . o rd d ); . o '(oя uk
яo o я ? l! % u < я .+ ।
l! % +- +
‫ا‬$ / ‫ت‬$2‫ ا‬.* ‫ن‬$ / ‫ آ وا‬0‫ وا‬. &‫ ا‬.* ‫ن‬$ / $‫ ا‬0‫ا‬
.‫ن‬23‫اوء ا‬
aD<L, ( % o %L ( l! s a ? rd d ., ( a%
e a%L D? <. D an o NÊ %NO я ? d .। i !
% o %L
283
s d t n
.#;, n- aD<L an %NO., Ô , C. o %). rd
d .। rd ast; . # ( , ( ! o a ! D. e
. a% % a. ! । . C +
‫ ون‬+3/ 5 ‫ اﺡء و‬.‫ات ﺏ‬$‫ ا& ا‬.* .7 ‫ا‬$$/ 5‫و‬
aD<L, l! s я! . ( N? ! ; ! , (. N?k
a'! . , p.Nk я। .; ! ! e !. . N
a'! . k. ।
l! b o + , < я! N ag!;
. ut;< ! . , k . я ? . # # 'n
я! %m ! ? . e .OD =i . , < j! !
e %s agk .,. ut;< ! । ? ( e %s .k
agk >< o t %D ut;< ! , e.t ( я ?i + a% %
!s ' %। . l! . ul .+
3‫ وﺏ‬.‫ ات‬8‫ﻥ" وا‬5‫ال وا‬$5‫ع وﻥ; ا‬$‫ف وا‬$>‫? ا‬3‫ﻥ ﺏ‬$ ‫و‬
.‫ن‬$+‫ اﻥ & واﻥ ا@ را‬$% -! 7‫ اذا اﺹﺏ‬0‫ ا‬- ‫ا!ﺏ‬
aD<L, .g я % d . k .। %g ! ei
(1) . e e. C ' p< ., =<. D. '
o | . g% . =i।
(2) a ! C k j .O .nt . я % D. ,
aD<L . d? ( я ।
(3) %mt O . ; aD<L a?= j , . o
O . , aD p.N. d<# O ! ।
(4) st-t. t-sя e a?n я . .+ D. %
, aD<L C।
(5) C %%jя Nk e %?-%g ' k C% p.N. d< #-D 7$-
C , ? i? ? O . ।
. ] %s C k . - ' o |gs
!, k j яя< !, -%mt p=< ! !, st-t o t-sя ! !,
C %%jя Nk o %C я C% D. ! u D. '% +$
e.i !-h $ e ? D D. % ($o। ] %s >< ; .
s; . N o >< e %LD D. ] %s =?я rd я! . o,
aD<L ?
284
s d t n
' s. %!# ? ., ok =O .। ,
%LD o ? ' D. >< %!. ] %s . . e e %s d<#
. a?= . d %#k ! D., o %!# rd
p;; r ($ o l! s я!।
a l! + %s . ] %s >< ; . l! ei
% u %ntO p. . e . a ? .я p ! %L o ? ' D.
я! ? ] %s . ., ] .D - l!i %dn u
я + e (i .+ . C !, . !s ' %
я o।
. C ei . °; . , # 25 =< D.
). яl i! #;!? o . =+ e e ? e
я #; u '! o d<! e%+, ego u l! ,
k। ei .k agk a?i . ut;< ! !। e %я ? pя !c a%
%! o >< %D я! . o। ei a?i . ?-
= ! e s. %!# ? ., ok я ? %=O ! !।
ak, 1971
।। N o a ।।
` .s яM %.#R # 24 L% L я #;.
?? o D.i . i, unt e я #; %s -.k o ??
a. = Z%L . o ! $nt uk # 25 =< D. . %st
%jя ! u d = +। !s ? k k .
!? .+, )-$, - j, . -, , .+ o j c, k k - ijя
O .+, p e. ., .. D. $ .+ o ., .. я ',-
, +$ .+ e Z.< e . D? W o #? s. ?
. ?D< =O .+। o %D d p !+, !c ? rd
a ?. pR . d। . NO o n e । ae l! <
a o rd d = o < t o .<?।
l! o + 0 @‫اﺉ‬D ‫ا‬+7 E .7 ‫و‬

aD<L, % .l' . % a ? % . !? . e e.t
!c । e . . a% .o a ?' !? . ! я ?o e.i
s .D !% C ul +। %!? .o .я ? #;?।
l! + , n $ # ! a ?i .r. . , % a ? я ?
a p ! .+ k pD< . я< . । .nt .u .u.
!? ., a ?' a ? a. O ., a ? a. я. pR ., a
.O o a< . % e n#i .r. . ki =.
. , . k . . a. i। . e.t k %-i . , %M %
e! =; .। %Zl!
285
s d t n
(+) + , e =; . i! ?# ., % %= ms !'#? ?k।
i% NO e . ! i p; Z. o .. =o .NO।
l! . . + .F‫ ه ا‬.‫م ﺏ‬+‫ﻥ‬5‫ آ‬H‫ﺉ‬5‫او‬
%, =n .r o i% 'M ' a ? a. O .я p
+, i% NO . $ a! u L. . i% .k '
+। hя (+) + -
E $‫ﻥ وه‬D ‫ﻥ ﺡ‬D5 ‫ﻥ‬D‫ا‬
aD<L, . ?k % D. as . %D я a' . %
=D< ! । % . ! ' <; =c,
. i% %! 3я % । !
% Ô o C.। ae, e rd ast; . o %<. a%!#
p . o Ô %= я o p?. i%. t o .<?।
ei t p a! p< ., i% NO o o %-
a #;? !। .;, i% a ? rd .k ' g!; . p, .
< + ।
i% NO я! aD< ast; . я!i - a ? rd > . %!?
p , a ?. o %!# %D %<.' a%!# ., e rd
ast;. ' %!? p ., e rd . 7 #;%D< #$ ,
a ? rd я я u N% o ; . e >< %!. %L
o ? ? D. ., ujj o s;< '?L #$ =O a?!
o i% NO я! an'<k।
ae, ! : 'i , % a ?. ` ! o e !
.. rd %<.' я! = > . o < t
%=O !i। я % `।
.I % J7‫ﻥ! ا& و‬
( ! ! ! =)
i k o =

..... 'm
..... 'm,
'm, 1971
я = . vO N? %m.<। pDi t i st D. ., a
k . i।
.....‘‘p' !i p я. o . p= #< %. . . t (!
k nt; .; (!. ( i # ?k ., %<; .।’’
286
s d t n
‘‘ . i .$ p! .i । % .(, ., #(D (!
s. e (!. g .$ i, ...... ! # o .#.
.! , , i!. .+ ! , я , i!
. i i+ । .... . i p я. o . =(=i ,
u!. k o, u!. k o। ... !#. .! , я. . k ?
p я. ut ., >.% +$ a ? я i। . ! !s
%<; . , (!. k o !।’’
e.D ' ! , я# vO '< + Ô- r। я#
e%+ . an. D. ;? .-%; j(+ । e%+
. D. t; я ?- k D я ?। + , . i
D, %? o я - i t; । + %L !o, t я .; .;
s#<s Ô t। h я + , ‘ ! Wn 'kn .%.,
., e%, n ।’ ( %s k? + ' d .+। я '
a' k %D d .+ । i %я. p't k' я.-! o #($
rd %. sD<। ei я . , =kn st ' ?? .,
Ô o ? я. ?s ?kr % %k !+। C .
%% Ô =; я. %<; . । % ]% я. .+।
.nt vO e% . p.N %?.। .;, p ( + a%
%<। . '% i s#< +$ , e%+ a .+। e C
! %mp 'n %. .+ !i ok - %. h ( я ?
!+ Wd % । %.i ( < u '%। %.i (. p.N <gr !%
g!; .+।
.nt !-nt % e ? %ntO ! । %<i rd
ap= .+। ( =O .+, (. я %я-as . %=O !+। .nt
%s =O ?D< ! #। !% unt ! p; )N;? $nt
uk। яo %, %). a' i, % o a' ! । я
? e.я e% ei $nt- t aD< p' ।
ei %). ? %!? =kn. .=k $ an. #L

# D. . n .। ' a. #, Ô .+ pD< . я ?
'N я< s ? us !+ % D. (. !я . !+
=. .+। ( rd a'# !- e ?k Ô- n., .; e я. Ô t
.। o a'# . !, e ?k яd!, .; e я. !Z ib
я ); .+। h?, % % %g ?si -%mя? a +।
!., rd %s a'# !+ я ? !-nt !я .+ h D?
%k.। %m, p + ?k । % = e. = p!% । o
7 я. !% rd D? a'# +। 7 , < rd
e + яd!
287
s d t n
a'#- . aj . k %m । % # !nt p' o k + sN।
. ' , = . %m, p.N n ।
я ' । =i rd %m, .+ .
। i = p!% ($ #। %k?-p; +$i = = , ! #।
p. . ! - ] ?k. = 6 o !। , C(% - o <, N% o
N? 6-k N? । !, . #(D k.k 7 . !? . !- +
, ×|, } ?k। e%+ < 6 =, C
। e%+ . D. ud . a n, aN я %n ।
e p¬ !, ( N? i . % ! #? . ! # pk
!-nt .+? ( N? . ( %D =c ), ? । e ut a%.=
, । an. % - e, .< .nt p.N. %?। p;
. N? % rt । N? . D. a) N? . я .
rt ! । ( rt p % . D. t; । .
, . % .। ' i +, k । %s a ?
rd d ., %s a' k rd d .- я ! । я !।
%D d .- a?i . я . । .;, t; .<-
k। N? .o я ., N? я !- Ô я?, a n
я j(+ । a %i - N? , i।
. '
‘ ) .u .% ',
$ %Z< !%।’
( 8'8 % =)

288
s d t n
%Zt

12। Ôd C uk s s .nd 20 'm, 1971
.nd p= a R t
[aCn n ? Ô % dpn। я eo e%+ Ô-
u-C। .nt e Ô %i n ?।
.s яM %. N% !?.6 , . я k:। e
Ô i я . agD . = . । e# = ! Z <। e
‘я oi я ’’- e., sN ?। -s .nd );।]
я oi я

1st Voice (Male)
. o =( u। aÙ; . #n e. C 6 =(
. n p?! .nt %i n я e ' ' # . ? .
=( , =( .,। Ô ! =( # 7+ = = k। . я
, , я । !n # # । n . % pD %!#
n ! %я kt। o =(, e%+ N? ;<
.। n % Z । e%+ kk !। e%+ !
+ . #(D-
2nd Voice (Femal)
‘‘o % .(d ,

e + eя . ! =(।
e%+ .% e%+ % % ! ! p
я Ô, я ., inl......яu ।
o % .(d,
e + eя e ! =(।’’
1st Voice (Male)
o =( , ! =(। , . . !? я . ! o?
1st Voice (Female)
o। .nt . e я !। o =( D ' #+।
eя ', < ' M%# u(. e% % %

289
s d t n
n Z r । e s , . !+ eя a'?। %
% )+ D D। , .+ ijя, !? .+ я :.। eя
e. < # t . ( n .+ % , e #
eя i!o i% . !i n . =i+ % .।
% # eя + % । e # i!o % । eя . !? .+ !я
% .। i! !? .+ .. % .।
1st Voice (Male)
k.। k.। eя +, % . CL । =i %mя? pR
.। i! +, % . #;nt o s. । =i ,
C?%я .। । = eя n .C %). % !
; i !% . D ' #+ .। %< st, t, . e.
C(, <n । e # i! = ; Mn. n
.+। я .D .u я । .u я ।
[ D? % .]

я
p; # =я
я, я।।
2nd Voice (Female)
Mn + %$ % ., : .। i! ,k %? i ei
, : . D. + ।
1st Voice (Male)
; i !% %M %). .+ .C% %). ..я

% । ; Mn k%g %Mo %). .+ ..я
.? %). % । r , !d !. =j, C !, .%, % ,
я d, # , ! #!। e = s я %#। .
D. ei g at ast + !।
2nd Voice (Female)
e d’- d’+ ! =( e . o =( <। # + k.
я Ô # i 'm .-t : `h !+ p=6 7$। % o
i! 6 d% % !%+। . (=, n t;
% ei ?! я #R।
1st Voice (Male)
# Ôo % .(+। .u # p;'- o я oi я e
Ô- #+ ! %<, Ô я !+- я я я।
290
s d t n
2nd Voice (Female)
. + i < k'-

‘‘(= =i (= e .D i
p; ! !
o . я. i
#+ e.
(= #i (= e .D i।।
p', ei ;? % ?,

7$ '+ k p; h
%# 8+ sp-
? e
+, p; -
! ;?% . ?
.C я$ =( #

d % e )<%
# . C(, C
N? k(, = k' .।’’
1st Voice (Male)
# p.N ! $+ । %i N? ;< . )
! d . k# i!। e + + । 1 ., . ! !+
+$। ) ) я !я % %। .% ' #+
pn। o =( +d . uk+ ! =(।
2nd Voice (Female)
% + u? !+ ., =©g, , я! .। t я
% .Cu я . !+ . !। ) ) =+, %=<, !?, , <;। o =(,
.। я ! ` ! t .). %k
, я ! . e, я .D? .| st, .%
+$- n, .r?
[ D? # ]
o я oi я e Ô
i . я % #।।
291
s d t n
1st Voice (Male)
.r , %.l। e o =( (. я ! . D
+। uk. ! =( .। .( । ar C । r;
! я ast। Ô =( (. (. । tr %.l я ].?d k
: r;। oi ?, % = я '। eя = ) я |।
[ # ]
я oi я ..............
2nd Voice (Female)
я я e Ô Ô , %|l Ô। %|ld !o Ô।
tr Ô। o N'Z я ? я. o Ô। tL%#< Ô।
! я o Ô। #я !o- я !o n Ô।
[ # ]
я oi я ........

st
1 Voice (Male)
!n d< . =( . %я - k r ($o।
. j o d? . #' . . - , j.k k ) ! । Ô
я ! ! u3< я я ?, % ! NO ; .
) ! ! %? u। % D. ! %< + o, .
D. ! =(. o। %. ;? я Ô, o =(। =Z$n я =(
n +$. trk .। я я, ?#, .Nc, kk %g
%$ % ., я %? %? %. p.N Ô। # # 7|N
!. ., : h, %i N p? . ( - . ! Ô, Ô .।
[# - я oi я ......।।
(= d #CC =j। pя %! !)
k : Ô
C- +% ] ': $, o , $ #+, D +( Ô =( uk+-
e.C %r =(!
292
s d t n
.- !?(, a%? ! . (я !$ =( ! C, uk+ . #। $% -
яr ‘.N. Ô’?
C- ì $+। s я #; <.D. яr p;s< ' +n p.
.+ -
я !я я
k %
k %i .N. )
e%+ . я Ô?
.- o p¬ i - k k . % #s - <

, , Nd .n kn%, я C % 'kn
Ô. Ô . я c ।
C- p.N ?k ! । яi %Z< uk+ '. t . D.
+ । % %Z< as , %n? % +'r k-
.- .nt . # - %i '. k% 25 ’ Z<, . %.
%Z< uk- , . e ? %n? #n +$ । e., 'Z $
%NO . ] an. # .i . ! k; .+- яo
.+- - %%i N? - %m ।
C- я ., i # #.' Ô. . я , я
, . u # '% । .nt i Ô-u C
C d D.।
.- , Co - ' Ô. s# я । ( D? #
b) ] - g b- %)< =+ ! %D k! - (e., !%) .
Ô =( +, + ð. C, ul%- я. ,. ] g oя,
oя।
C- я. Ô. %m< я n. g +$, D .% -
. trk . Ô p.N L< ? i ) )।
я Ô. = m . ) ) g j+, ijя
+ !s. =Z;< .i . ‘ÔL%’।
- !?( C, . . #l .? e., .+ ? iC .+%
d’,. r, -
C- - e. % % =t e + N, h + , a 'Z .
.+ k, h + $i-e k-
293
s d t n
.- %i k. # . tr$ %g।
#<%- 'i +, . . я) ? p= =c!
C- .?
#<%- o + Ô k! Ô я k; ., M!M -
.- o p=to +$+ . !, rd D? .L% ,।
#<%- . я) ?! i% < tr -ei .D,i p= . = , aD= ijя
O . i% . .?
C- tr, i% %. < tr ।
.- +$ %я u #<; . ': = .+ )! . я
%l !? . k '%+ %я t aM ? . ! ?
C- я %.i я o ] < < i!%- D? ';
i।
.- % . я %! 48 % %n e. Ô я <; .
.iu-# %. !я !я k !? .+- 58 % ei
k% ,k =s Ô я C+- e e.i
>=. Nt . = o।
#<%- i . = = p. я #; u।
C- .n o % .l %C ! । я. : a . =k;- l! ei a
k . । L % o D।
C- !-i-Ô#! я '- d. '+ ! t k,
% t #j, tr p = )N;। k : Ô =( trk ;k
. +$ ।
(r !% = яn.)
294
s d t n
k: Ôd C

1। ! я - ?# o k e. aZ< p.। % =t я ? e % e.
, । .nt я , j uk+ o e я e Ôd
C + aD<। e i . ujj ! uk+ । kk ।
?# ! !n। D 's e Ôd C। n , %g p? N i
।
я , . ';
k k я dn' D
я. p; !C я
rd jd ; ।।
%$ % ., .

! я
k ! !
dя< d<
u? k . D
k % ।।
я. l

я !#
я %g %$ % .,
я я ! ।
k : .
and p!
я# '<. >% .
i ', ' i
я яg oi
e%+ k ।।
(2) dя< %!%, N p .+ tr !। p ei e.
%m ! uk+ ujя। aZ< ei !я#;। ,, я ?। Z; <
e.
295
s d t n
я %n я + s । %Z< 8.+ o !+ । e. #n D.

a ? . #n я i =+ p; ul%।
e# =
#n D. #n я
e# = ।। e# = ।। e# = ।।
!s oi !

+ C
: ,
. я ।।
'i k

'я #+ ei ,
p; =o p i
e , a . (, ।।
e , . . a =

%i .u %i
! ! '< p;
j o % ।।
(3) я !% . , я n uL% - я %g, )-i

d%! r; %g। .r ! . i ! `n। я ei
i D i- ! %< kn aя< . s ,
s я = ! ।
я D

я я D
. .i k
tr ( ':i ':i
я . <।।
.N. W. = k k

+t я = k k
296
s d t n
%$ % ., ei я ic

k я ? ! !. N? ।।
. j

я k , k
! ag d%! pn
d $ я !. +i।।
! # = k k

g = k k
t% .( # tr k
. o e. k।।
(sCя ! = %M?)

297
s d t n
%Zt

13। s .nd D. p= s .nd .....1971
%!? R D. t
n
...ak
...ak,
ak, 1971
ei an., , +d an., an! !.- % pD< . । %i

%b an. . %D a%$ ! o = C % b, e я. %
× . .= ' я, e. pn। e. # я ? D .= =
.k; . + яi i। , u, = + % C,C, +,- .u
(= i, > b h-h Z% ,'Z ei % e e । +, +, + aD я .
k# a N a +( +( c। e., b a 'Z , % k. я .,
%s ok .+। s . .= % % D e e., ! яnt
' NO . =। .+i = $+ । an., = e N?
an.।
e uk, % ' e ak ($ =O .। ! kn e 'M
$+, k %kp e e।
я k, -я-.(k # । , . `<, ( #+
+ u(. N? ? ;< m =(। d’e. e# ei pD sO 7 k
+ , ek .+ % ! । %.< = . =., .
%#N! = $ - . . : asO . । e #( ! .u (=
i। k . i . %.< p!। % ' e h$ $ Cn
k . । `< kp .., 'M e., .$ %।
e % e., e., = =+। k % # e. ., # k

rc, %. i। % +$ 6g ( al O aD=
D< ', ' uk+। e . , . %i %, я %।
! k i, % ' e = n .। D 7 7 .+, %s a%!?
kn e k ' ! % = % Z< ! ok aяs N?। , ) %
e - .; %i 'L% N?, e = a <;। )% u , +$ i sN
C e dr , p - . '% a %i < !
Z < , > .,?।
я , я %- $। $ ., я u %.,

= + C,C, .। # %. o (= +, %s +, p;n +। aD=, .
`<, o e i। !% я g st } g . +। , ¹ t
298
s d t n
+ k, ak . , +- u. ). ! +$ e%+ я
!Z? p;, (=- e.D ' = я 7% ! e % N?।
e , ei Ç , $ .. # e., a ` t.।
: $ ' !c। anM ? % + .।
' !i .D। o ! D. t 7i % o !kL .i n
!+ .. # D.i। % '% '% a . - . -. gя +$ $+
k; %Z sM ei g,o। e., p=6 $i r !+ . ` .s D.
% , ! #я % . g ?। .;, ., o %k. я
.u- . g e.t .я $ + C. .D< D. e., (, ub
pn% j(++ o। ! ,. i, k C% C , a NO ? a !, dsp a
+ R d? o uk % o - e %.+i . ` .s .<
$nt C। $nt ! u<, <Ö я - C ! ok яn a <
r'Zo। + + a?=, a = ; a% ), ei я n d। e
d %g яi- C. . R p? 7 .।
: ò ' !c। % Nt .।
' .%? %. , я.i %nt =+ я । ! .

.6 !c। k? .. ! #+ ,। i g। . += i।
% # ud# sO ! ok।
: ! i !. #( .? e d !c । я %nt
=+।
: .nt !?
: #! ei aя$#( , % ? . %M d . e ?
% |. я . % l e. p? p¬. u . +$ + я ।
= . #+ %।
# '| %. .D $ e । D %Z< uk+, D. e
!o uk e% g #+, $), g. +( c। %i pn %. .
a . %; ) = $+ e sO + я , $ #+ D.
D 8.8. + ) D. uki।
-! , d’k n , я. C. $ !я !+। ei
%, p e., a'?% ; ! $+ .+ D.i- .< ! #6# r !
D.i। . я , g a .i C. $ '$ . 8o ।
C. $ j(+ я 8o s .nd !c

e = +,, e., uL%. я । % c। k# я =+
k! ,
299
s d t n
e. ;M D. a ? ;M । ## trk !, C. Np ); ' .
e. O sp я ।
e., $ Z D. a e. nt. oя sO ! ok। b aD
. s। p? ?g g% '। a .g яj% . d . ! #
? ! #+ % ? %i ' ); . %+ я k% ?
d . e e 7( $ ) D. a%! g, o।
# , D. Zl . b я# uki #nt. = # D. । g% pD
!d ! $+। e . e., '! %m .D o .l o a s +। e , ei
< d, a.sL . ! uk NO | e #$ #$
g e. pn D. a ? pn।
# , . b i j$ $ C+ я । o (= !- Nd ,
st %n .। ei e.,t =n % e.g e ।
o % =L. . .(+, % N C?.%, +© a. !
= +- $ % N?,, + ei .।
-=, !। ,।

.D , .(+ я ।
- , .++ ! । ! =। ##।
-u- +. dr ) +$ $+ я । e , ei a' %.,.,

N? e., o +( . ($, e., `n '< W $ pя ।
aD= %i `n W o я, । s $ >% ? . N? o
ak o(L % +। Zg ! < =L. . uk+ , # +$ .(
uk+ %, %i %D o ! # g %k ! uk+। = % ,
$+ , % । aD=, . `<, я = +( e. 7(. g e %i
%D s #+ '< ? 7( $ % a%? kp। dr ) 7
$ я. . C #: , ' ' , oя, я '
'L% ul%3 , %!% . . < ucg uk ! b। g b D
e , oя k a%N !, !g$ i e%+ я । s
= % e я , я, e.t %n , o #+-
ei < %?, ub o = я e ।
a .k; .+.+ # g oя e <=L.। я
. । 7 ? #-. $ $ +। ei N? D., ei
..6 D. =i, pp = e.,t %dn।
300
s d t n
Z #( ei ?k я % . D.+ %, e %s %n?। .;,
# , oя !+ . Z, . o .+। iC, # oя
'% e%+ a . ।
e , ei ;< )% o + ,, я , я e.

an! aD<! nt; u? ;। % !o e. an. яnt $c,
! o d я . (= e . e. !%?. p!% ,e '
)C %।
ei !Z <, я o p=6 )N; ! ., s .- яn anM N? '
a.sL a%। e . ' i, ' i %i % !s ).
($। p =i, % =i %n -!? k, e., a)
pj k o. я$ + $ .। ae, C । e., `< %dn яi
a. ! я ।
e , ' + an. # , e., t . . !kL åя ! % ,-
ast =i, e., a) ; ast, R ) ! %<s .$ o
!< o।
!kL я sN C % $, e., ++ N? ! '% ok। ),
n), uk । # = e% D. ($ .? =। oi sO =
$+- k ast,., . %Z< . a pC।
C % $, e. d< .<; 8.+ я .। =m. .<; .+ # =
., . !kL am %i =.=. C <,।
e $ । !. an. ? !(, !(, $ - $ $ .
я. я । % sO - e., = + .= + . .+
C% C% . +, ?
uk ($ я । %।
% N? p।
(a% =j =)
я.
16 ak,
ak, 1971
), D. C e #я । . c, .$- =$ । uk
%g e., ( o % k? .- .d C
%яg
301
s d t n
я c। я ts e# $ %& । ' o a$ $ c
* +,# *&। o# -# ei /0 1 я e %। # o
e#& 23 4# r& o *, *& #*i , । o
e#t я %i 2 #* । 7 1n я #i % + h
: # r&& i*। e , o u-i я ei 2# k= #d
$ % *, я o ? #? । n 2i o s ud u--
‘2iя C яo # i#:।’

‘#: , # ai*, $ ,u i, o #* i, eE o i, / 2*?
ei 2iя i ai i, :& o ?’
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‘/i #i #i:*, $& : i:, #i: u-*, / #, diG
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i , 2 *&&i 3 o i#: # /। /, #i* , G
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2c ?u#, 2 i :।’
я ud # #? #& #d a: /+3g
k u: s ।
/ e i 7 я #। & ? / # e#&
& k k # C*, 3$ 3 *, & #*
s mt। % % $ ijя * *। s$& a # 71
kk r= a? aP, : / 3 ?# । / p& 1 % 2*
R/। e#& %: , #& n o ?& ' ' # ?#। / я 0 :। k,U-#,U
# 3 3 a? 23 3&o e#-2я r ,/ #। /
# * g। ?, d’e#& # #d e o *, /
# g , o e & k: 3* g। / s a:,
,*, e :# / ,c g। /-U e #? % % #d %7= /
। / e#& яi / u- o। 2 # # । / 7 i i
,, e#-2я 2*, o 2W oo *3i * p, # &-/&я
%s%0-Y-p, 2 e: # /* /+3 ,।
2 i ,# /+& / s3 C o #? ,n #i
kn / an / 3। # # e ? e#& я3 3 # /+&? #nt,
an #* , 3 #i # #? /-U ei /0 1 %7= /
&
302
s d t n
u। :i, # a : & &# o e# * # । e n я /,
7я , 3 3, #? / । ### % e 3 /&, e
R /। #?o p= # #* i। ?$& ## && # c 7
a1 /g।
e #? % % 2,m 3 я #?, 2я
# $& &। 2+U# u- । aяni kp k /+& 4r # 3 #।
я 2я an :++ s3 && m ?i &# 2*- #
1n # R_ 3 - ek= # ` ,* # я ! 2c,
& # я # *? i /- , 3 *&, # #*?
# e# +, #.... , 2 % # c& #?।
%-utя /+& ?#, 2 u-* & ?#। kn %c 3
s *& ,, $3 / C '& । e# / 2
3 # % i, ek= 7। e 3 R: , ,
। /: # ।
, i 2 o#। # ? #। u#3
,d 3 * #, # %i। # 3& *, i&-
# e#& & Yst # / /d k: / я 2*। e $& $&
# 3 * । + * + : / # *& 2i-e k 3
### o 4 я:n *। 2 i#......# , e #? % # %।
# #? 2* я । '& $3 # , #।
e-# #* 2 #d# , di C& ,o3 g& G। #&1 /
i d’# s # e / G## , 3 ,h o e#& #
#gC#, iя Sector Headquarter-B Prohibited Area- #। e
a: 3 , e#? я o a # & ?#। ei %% oi
s # # '& ,*, a: ' c । s d’ s 3$,
g я 0 :i, , d’ 3g # ,i ,i 2 /+# /+#
#d s e 2*। e d+* #gC# । o /
я % # , * & *u & s, яc $। e#& & h
# 2*। 2 #* & +,# & p/- #u +3, #u । & C#
+ * 2
// #*।
o i #d e#& m-,o3 -# , # я e । jя
। &g। o i i , e :& o
4 ci , o c। e#я & o# # u-- ‘2 %g, i/
/` # ?- ‘a/ i i:* , ai*, *: i।’ #d
? *& $ *। &g a# s o %/ k: #*। $& *
7 / #d o &# / # e# :#& s &। :, Cs #
&& j :#&& 2 :,& &# :। e# + *3 &# :
/ # e#& #। -kp я & *3 & #।
303
s d t n
# kp e#& &o # /l / g *+3- a:?1 k:-
d& &i #d hU` % # *। & 3* s। *&C& #* ,
2 # # # k s * e+# c।
2 o# g G #& b *& / h : u: ast / e,
, p/ +,я &# *ncn / e#-# *3 2*। & '
e#& & 1, o , + u3*, #3 2 3 #& n % /
u-*।
&g # e - , /& 2# # # 3
2*। e#& pn Rp / ud nt= ,ho i।
(2 r 2 ,)
01 o- sp
2 %m,
%m, 1971
1971
p= 2 h p, h p# un un। ei p= я p=
ei 2 $ $ я 2+ C+# C+# &# 2 । a # a # 2।
я # {|1 n 2 %d # as : ,i। {|1
ni p= uU।
p= h# s1 #*, h a 1=- # ei /#
e# utp # । , /:+ p, #/ #3 e#& 7 /0 1 d/
$7= #। h p# pk / o-। 2 p= i। 2 j, 2
% । ? '3 o-। *&। #+ я । # Rd, # %W। i
# % p= 2। an# - s=1jj %7:U? ,
#s #o ।
p= 2 an j*। я * p= uU #?। 4 i C&#। #nt 4 *
# #, ‘‘ o e C /o * ,# # ।’’
‘# 2 r _ =। / # 2 я । uto। a?,
o e#& я1 ।
, e / । i /। 2 & :1 #*। 2 0 ।
t a /। % /। G#। 2 я +3 p%01 p=% u%
#। /-U ,# u-, e# n: , e a#!
304
s d t n
- /:+, 2, ,# u- 3! ei o, & ।

n: ,- d_ /। / #। : ?# o- n: ? h_: R#
# aяni # h?: 2। a : s / ,। #nt 4i ##& / 0 1। a : s ,t
2 , / o- e#& #?- e # 2# * #? 2# # , ।
o i ! 2# 2# # , # /। 2 R_ / p। 2#।
&। s। %।
n: 2# %। % i 2 R_? R_ # e#& ।
2 / 3 & । 7 R_ 23 n:।
‘#’ o n:’। ei d& : # 0 ast m#1 : । ‘#’-‘n:’ /
‘’-n: / । #nt n: e । e # । p%01 /0 1।
e#& #o я /U p=।
e /U p= uU + я 3। s n: p%c я
a: , #। 2 , я#। ub # ।
n:, ei /0 1 2 sR,= #*। 2 3*। +,
,1 ## 2 *, % # $# । e# *o । e $#
2 % - #? jя *। e jя 2 o '
*, #nt #* -# i /0 1 я& s# # । #- я
*- ' #? n:। /u#u #, * $ s# o
।
r я # # sb # * / #nt ## 2 C+# ।
k=i %r h 2 #, /*। n:, я e * %
%t 2 E % #! #nt 2я? я # # 2 я * *
2 । 2 e * %3। *n0 7 '। c # #
*n0 p= я я #। # # / p k: d+* g o
'+ 3। / o ek= s u '+ 3*।
я , # %& ' ' # #। 3 e#& aя
2# #+ u-। я #? # # 2*! a: 2 e#& ko aя1 #
C*। 2tnt k। 2 p/ # # %c 3। #i, e
2 / । #? * ei nt । ei k। 2 / #
я , e * p= 2*। %i ei p= uU।
n:, 2 a # 2। / e# t# ast jя। $ i। '3 #&
o e# n e#& $ 7 /। n: /।
2 /। e# 0 /। /। n я । : 2 #? 2
2 + я i। 2 o e #? । s=1 pn pn 2
ast + я। = 2 an# я я s, # # /3
i, and
305
s d t n
я , / tr h # a : 0=1 %nя - : % i
#?। % /। 01 o- sp #:m C, 4 a/ *n0 7
#n b % 2। я d’e#& '&। 2 $ $ |
4 i। a 0% #। o ' ek=o # o #:m C*।
01 o- e o । # &# 2 3 /। я&+ an# :#G
h u3 C 2 p%c 4 । я +3 p%01# a%:?1
я । 2 # / sg /।
(h 2/ ,)
= e#& p:k,t

16 %m,
%m , 1971
*& #1kp e #1& 2 p? я 3। a?, o 2# - e
e#n,t / dstg 3*। #* e# #? 4 4
- * *& # / 3* k: # /:+, o *&
2। o / s 2 *& n। ei g pi s /Gs *
। o 2 e# %i *। e #u i। o e#।
2 2 i 4 *, k= ei g& o / #/ яo d
/ #। e 7 e g #+,3g *& 2g । a: k
% 4o 2 #* e #* ?#। / a:, ,& я
я 2 $1 e - i #+, s /+& n: d+* i। g
kd % 2 , я #* । 2#
я 2 # #u& a% / । ?#-o :s # c। g
Y,t - p 2 g i# #3 GCn /c। 2+
g , G, , 2 kd %i e#-e#& я W- i ast
/ and p/।
# ? Ys g 3 3, %c $, 0 : u- & #
u-। a?, ei g e# n , * ### *।
a # 2я / / /*। a # , * a :t t n । e#&
21 я1 # g&# 7 $ *। , - 2*, e
%& *3 / %1 # 2*- i я1 # я я
। # p#0 o a# k / p: 3 *
%, i।
306
s d t n
g # $ p 3 & ? k n g
aC C। & *u e#& *& $, d& k7, e#& &, e#& ,- ei
o aC। $ +3 #? 4 *। #1 C *& # ?#
, # # #nt o e# # ? o e#& #_ *
। e# *& # e# я m # /:+, o e#।
o %i k i 3। 2 k/ p? gr ? । *
21 /। # p? e g 3 /я/ 3 2g । 2g
% 3 । # / o-। 2 k ?
2 ,i। #nt o o# # я3 1। #nt e & {&# * % : 2*, #
? 7 # s g , e#pn o ? 2
Ci& ,*, a :# g / -r7 uY1| p=% *& :s। / s
st, / s o 2 is d3 pk a#sU e# & # 3 ।
#/ # / s C n st# я # # ।
o / a / s# g # C। 2 % t --
# ,U# # #+ ?#- : #& $ $ b # 2 я% ,
aR: / । g #+, 3g u u # j ?#।
e ? ।
2 l ?
nd h#_ 2g 2 %- #nt 2 * e3 g t
& *- 3 k /*।
2 2 # #। 2 { 2- e 2
#*- 2 k । ? d ।
al ? 2 /* o# C i। g # #* o ?#-
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я #। ?# 2 2 ? oi p= o। o g *3 , । #nt
o e# * 4। o# 2| * 2 #* i o g ,। k
% &/ # p:# ast 2 яm я । e
ast ? 2 । p:#& iC-s , #, । o /
astg = ,# ,# # o-। n: oi 2i 2 p:# / яn
astg - ei o #я। ei #яo e & | #i । 2 # ,
C dя i। 2 21 e#g o #1। e#'+#3 # , ?- e#& #,
C1 , G G d& ,- d& / # %7= :s 2। 2 # ?
/ o , o - #nt 2я #u i। e am e#& dsp
{&# 2 я $&* % 3 7ò # #_ ।
2 #* ।
307
s d t n
_ # ' 2? s C ag 2c
#я e# & -#-# b *& # /:+ G /
s & / e#& 303 iC e#n , %c &1g #3
# ।
2 l - #u i '?
2 e#& #я ?। o # g # *। G / e#&
*3 ? #* +& iC :& # # 2
#* e#& я : - #nt #* ।
2 g # 2t i? 2 2 # #। 2 ei
,,, m, e #u? 2 #, & e # : a : /। 2
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? iC : : ?# *3& # 2,
: *d 0 2# , 2 ? 3। ?1: ic । 2
#, & o , 3i 2 / : *d 2 0, a #
0, , tr/ /g ' c, tr я ?g ,h #*-
pst c। pst c / s, %i R: । pst c
: ?# # * 2 pj k।
(# я )
s#k
7 Gm 1971
* & / ' e 2# e#। e a 2 # * * ।
2 d& * / / ,n /, a: & #। * #я #
%& 3 , 2я 2 2 ।
e# 3 u- e# + , d& st * । e#& G, e#&
£:&G। e# / / $, & aC ,। / / p +t
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'+#, i ,# al 0 я 3 # * ei :।
: p? # /c । i #1 i , 7 #
*& : # # , / e : 3 # e# 7j / o- e e
#*
308
s d t n
e-# # #o a # #* । 3 C / * e 3-
3n as। +,я # t 4r /*, e +tя &*।
t# # ic *, i # *- e h #। nn = /
।
/ / %7= , k। o o e #я
2 #o *3 । c : # e i । ¤#o। 3 '3 3 * u
i p%, #nt ' ' e e#-e#& '3 2 $#o /i । ,1
'3 e । ,1 ?# #* n ? / / * o
a, /। ?# / G# 2n 4r / #1 ' ' e
$ , % i 3 , -# #।
/ / #1 &-e ।
, 2 e # я /* 2 я ।
я , i я , i i ,।
/ / ,, 2 я # ,i ,i, я 2 *3 #?
#i । 2я 1 * ?# 2 2 C u i। e :
2o : s# # /। , #я /# 2 /# i 2# g=i /।
2 2# e#& /: #r , e &# , , 2 ,-
G# 2 , 2 # &# d’ : #s # । p 2 #
2 i я ।
¤# p # ei :s ।
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#3g *3 ।
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? :, &#- #? ,n /i # #*& # # o- , ? $ ।
## / / * , # ,- e*, : pg
h#।
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, # %i, aC * , h 2c।
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309
s d t n
# G# / /।

d’,& #? / h_ , । 2 / / / %
e# 2 o ei / -2 , 3 # 2, 2
2я? ei / ui %1 #* e 3 #g я -=।
p #& *। * a,। p #я я /c।
4 , ¦# / o 3i /c। ,gp - ? iksi
* d& t# ,*, e#я / ?# 2 e#я / , - C&-
/:ò ,*।
d’ % / k: # / / * 2- 2 G &o
,*। % , e # #я। # #яo i।
я# / / aC , '' * R_, %я $ $ %i।
, / ?# ?# # , я3 *। e#
aC& # 3 / *, , , aC& , i &i #mя
/c। h # t# ‘h # ’, # я 7 , # #= ,
m# / 2/।
ei %7= $$ b nd %c । e#& & я + # ।
$3 #U # / / я& / ? । я ?#
/, # , 2c 3 e#i # ।
я& C :# # * e +3 । C st d’я
।
e#я , / 2/ # ?
2 । # # । % / / # # #я я 3 # * ।
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( o , l)
310
s d t n
0t
14। s #nd ........... я -Gm, 1971

?# p, ##& #
8 я , 1971
b :
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7 e a#1
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p #+# k ;
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;
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k -b я।
311
s d t n
: -, 2c

h,# b, 1
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2 R? я3 b b b 4;
#яi, e 2 b#, % i,
2o яi e# a:1
b *।
(‘b h #’-Cbr 1972 ?# #)

312
s d t n
9 я 1971
2 *
2 ?-$&
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k # 2 -
d ut ¦u '3 - d# ।
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2। 2 - 2 ,,।
r #।
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313
s d t n
.....я
.....яi,
i, 1971
2 p b
h 2 2/
(1)
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314
s d t n
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2 aя b-
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315
s d t n
(4)
% ?# un ud:/
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ar / c,
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316
s d t n
19 pm,
pm, 1971
a4% k ,:я 2

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k 2

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% - -sp
#& я я
d #n b c /।
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#,k k0/
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pst =c=-
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k a : 4k
1 s c
s/ я tr# 2h #
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b uUCl u/ 2
p 3।
sя / k% &# h
2я p= ut।
1$ 2# a? $%1#
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/ ,:я я : pst
ag01 e# 2 t।
(‘bP #- Cbr, 1972 ?# #)
317
s d t n
30 pm,
pm , 1971
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2 я* ?।
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# p,` 3 я o- k
318
s d t n
# p j o- ,
# a·b я1 # o- p& ast

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tr 21।
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d #3 я, l-&
2 я* ?
e aG1
o aG1
#`।
#`
e # / ?
e # R_ $3 #+&?
319
s d t n
uU#=1 / $ p& /?

t # #
#R7=
%-, #m -t?
t g/= # Rdt g/=i n 4।

i / pя #
$3 2 2+ ?
я 2 2 ,r C
#nt 2 #: ।
2 ,i RÁ -# '

% я।
2 t / /-U 2,m

3।
7 u 3 g j 2*
,# *+ 3 g ,
/ я 2 & kk
2 j a#
4 2 , ।
#`
{ & ? я3 op ?#
*+ 3 C 7k $R=
% o 1_
, e# ? '+ 3
trg o
h #
2 / ucRÁ।
k / 3 ?#
- R? ।
320
s d t n
(s #nd t ?# #)
5 ak,
ak, 1971
&1 1971
2 ,d
p,: #/, #m, ,

& sg,
2 #? , ।
e- /: = r7 #s 4
Rk 23 ’ -
3 C+# я n
Rp a? pn %я
4 & /।
p? jя a n /’
#+, % a я /R #+, 2, , ,-
01 #o 1 # e- =।
a?, / * 1 #
#Rj m&।
c b ,m + ? :*-
2 #- k s ।
, 4 я a' #
,d/ ?/
я 7 -'
# n + я*,
as& -# h я /’
# # 2 ।
n s # +#-+# t /C
/’ , : m& k,
s/1 / ¦# 4 ।
7 3 c ,-, 3 2
#+* / o।
e | 2* #
321
s d t n
an 2
ei ’ #& / ,# #।

я ÅG,
e # o p# 2 /я , ,=।
я ÅG, /
##, p#, Rc j % :*।
#& p 3 '’ :*
%k #1 я1 $3,
l я 2 ?
k & an 2я s /*।
d k 01 %+ 3
%:,# 3 2*, +
? o
e# Gя 4# ht h #’
/ u-* #+।
:+, u` ,
-& -& я:1
: # ?# ,’ :।
#, g %c : *t।
R? ,n # я ,o dr 3 :,
r n : gn :`я n।
я u ?n,
я$ % a 1 2я।
2# , gr, #’ -#?
| #r k i&
R? 1 m / e#t 2
, 4 , o o 4 k 2l
pя, 2# #nk ।
k R/ ?#
d 1 n d1: я &1 *- 3, - #।
#3 k 2/ 21 ?#
$R=# я *-3, - #।
322
s d t n
,l /я 71 #*

я # *-3, - #।
d sR G 2 k =?1
* $1| #&# k ?#।
## # #
‘2 яn /?’
a /0 # Ë:= s p /’
kn/ , ¤/ 2 *& i n %
# l, s, n , :
я #=1 2 + я e#я ,
p # 3 я % я #*-
R? i/ ?# #W Rgg
,’ 2 #: G * ।
7 я /#, 3 я = я /# an ।
a: a : я /# | #,
# n C 2 2/ $ $।
(bP #’-Cbr 1971 ?# #)

323
s d t n
# e# #
&,
&, ei,,
ei,, #
,
# * 2 2 o a #
* ? %3, e#
#n *।
e # # -я
%1& #1 2, -
& G# s0#R
j d।
,
# * 2 2 o a #
c , # # я%
/:k я3 +o * /,
k ' # %।
, %я1

# , 0*1
b *3;
%r 2+# d-#я
R_ 0 / c ।
,,
2я# # 2 * 2-
kk , , #l, ¦#,
, & 2 #_ 7³ k;-
324
s d t n
2/ 2t , &:#

%-, я1 ,
pn C uU 1 ।
# 21! e
a :%, a : ic
, #& k t
/s Y я, , &1 s0
ak-G a 1= %%;
e # , 1,
2 / a : e# p=।।
(‘ ’-,1 1972 ?# #। #& p, я )

325
s d t n
C#
a i
/ / s=
ps C# n ।
2 /+&* 25 ,1 ?#

2 /+&* #- e
я ?# ' s
1n।
e n
s / # :
# # ¦# *
sR +? 2 # 1।
я e 2 , ?#

2 C :*।
: 2 , d& # #
¦# *
я aя ।
2 o 3

(4 k 3)
7 h & &
k k 7 ।
(o 7 )

#,
kd
e
e#& ,t!
2 # ,
k '=-
'=
4 4 k -
326
s d t n

C#
kd।
(‘bP #’-Cbr 1972 ?# #। #& p, я )
5 %m,
%m, 1971
/ s / 2

/m C#
/ -#R=

$1 o u: Ìя

-r-¤=
+3 * di ;
$1 pk ,
% o /
#m я
d’ -+&, 2я# to
ug ak
rd /= 3
, # G '&
¦u o- % ;
t#
p #
2, 3# p 0#= ?,
, = я 3 #
я* ` ` $
& 2#
/ R_ e#& ,
,+ ,+
3* ? ?
o ,
tr h : &
327
s d t n
p=

u° k
'*
- - я &;

#’я ,* 2
3#, ei
e#& # --
u+, ¥ Rp
2 ,* ei
n ''
p Ì=
k Ì=
k # ;
4 2 /o ,+

01 #=

#& d 1n 2*,
kn ¤n an
#, #, d
$ %я *+3 я
* /’
7 *& 2;
/ ?

e d 1 n
2 %7:U
я#
/ *+ 3 #*;
4 -

я
#`
1 ,
328
s d t n
ei R_%я
# + +
,t
#g
*& *& яr ,
u° я
h ? p 2*।
%³ &
iC / ,
* p
/я /я я=1 an 71 o

r7 ?
tr nt g & 3я
# # e3 2
/+& ,* ?#
Rp
# 2s= *+3

%¥3
p? 01 k=
2
#m m #!
h
a # 7
2+ 2s= %¥
1 01
яя=1
C& &
Rk ,
2
C& 3
h pk
i 2 n k=
329
s d t n
/
$
ujj h-,
d’e#& C+&
k
2*,
#
3
p
2 #’я
a, p:
p Ì=
k-Ì=
/s /s #&
/ ,U#
i e#
h,# an#
, *
k
#।
(s #nd t ?# #)
330
s d t n
15 %m,
%m , 1971
2 s 1
/r i
(e#)
#? a %0 # e# 7n ud
/# / 2, k%cn , ud 2
- $& / n g g
k' /0 1 -*
%s 2 d1 kn $1|
2 # 4 m / 2।
(di)
* n R/
# %* -
* n k k
/k s p/
я * a Î
an#
'* 1 3
# d/ -p/।
i/ #?

k 01 p% pk я 01 ,।
( )
,# 4 g 2 d
/ / , / я t
g pn $& p kb
01 #& a%-t।
a R: , a # k / g/

e* 2я# ag? s
331
s d t n
# # я / a% p d/

я k m p%।
(,)
2, s 2, 2
r r, , s 1 2 |
я & 2# , a 7
я : R: o R: R:।
| 2 s 1

яg 2 i s 1
p -, un7
i a /g।।
(s #nd t ?# #)
332
s d t n
15 %m,
%m , 1971

я / ,d
gr,
2я
/ *।
Cg 2
# n 2я 2 i
r n %* Cg ।
a - &
2я utp।
: 2$
: r 1s।
, &1 2 2$
2# % *।
/ nd ?
2я
/ *।
/ d/
o #& g
#3 ,।
o & 2$ ¥#
h # ,।
oi 2#
3 7 kn
oi a:, 3 #R=
k / *।
e n i

2 e# d я
333
s d t n
/ ।

?-pn k 0=1
e n 2я k
o h # i।
я n
* r
r /।
3 , *-
& ।
%+&C #m G
+3 &
C 2 ,*
ei ।
#nt n
r r 2я =1
/ 1
- $& //# Y
p 2я / n
71 r= n #n
2я #+ *।
21 # n
p R_ ag
tr j 3 *i / ।
#n
я# #* ac# # *
e |# 4 : #
#nt h,#
a: 4 2я a# /।
%k
я a/ kn
Î 7 m
334
s d t n
% яj +3 2*।

e 2я & jn ag#` /,
i #- r ।
e ei g '
2 nt ।
-# * n
in , %, #mG
2я, #, %
s/ , $
ei ।।
(s #nd t ?# #)

335
s d t n
24 %m,
%m , 1971
aP : 1
#
/ : ,#`
e ?# di # 01

t 1 e 2i /i я
|#, | Yя u+,
2 2 + , #*
2 7 s *
|-`-p= k a# #3*
p:#i e p:#i =:
e t 2i / a%
t di # : 2 a%k।
i/ #u# k # - di # m
2 #- 3 2 +3
e# p= 1= # an।
|# / :kt#

2 t e %: /n /
,h #* , я : 2 r=
e |: # % $& a,i 4r /।
/ : 2
2 a: #& #& 7 d1 e d%1 : я #
C pc us #*
2 a:i C & #? %*
7& k ih / /t 2i: o ul #*।
2 a:i #0& # / /, p, , я
p%R =:t o us #*
+# 2 aP 2i t a = #
1 /i 3 t , ` * ।
336
s d t n
ei /p= : -1 -p/ : `

g | %: a0= k 2 #*
2я / /, 2я , /
/ %: # / a% 1 /।
/ : 1 ,`

| a #r= :, :, 1 e ,
a7 pg / ,*- #- 3 +3*
aP : 1 2
: 1 2 ut0 2я , 2 ।
%U k k /:j / /t ,G1 k
k# 7 /: : я # =:t e/
e a: ii- {/: =:t।
2я# / : 2 /n ,#`।
2я# , / aP : 1 ,#
2я# , / %U d a /,
2я# , / a я।।
(‘bP #’ -Cbr 1972 ?# #)
337
s d t n
1 Gm,
Gm, 1971
d 2 s
C# o
n / k 2 ¥

s я # ei i u3 ।
# *- / /я

/s | k я #+ 3 R: 2 ।
$ # # RÁ d 1 2я ?
o k G# я k ? ।
dkn n 2, $o /- k -

k ? tr# 2я /* , ।
=-tr #я *+3 7 # %i-
2 % k Ì= 4 / 27 i।
7= / # $ я 3
=-d k-C e d7।
e 2, #& я - g7

#R°,03 d 2 s - / s।
(s #nd t ?# #)

338
s d t n
6 Gm, 1971
an_ я: 2
p= ,d
2 * + я e# s# я:।

e я: #?o 1 # # i
#3 , +,n %।
e 1# / ,C,
’ # o R n $,
2+, ? '#
+ s /
t ... ...
e я: , 3 #?, 0,

e , ?$&, pn, я
*n an# ## ¦#* %/ яc।
a e# e я: 2Rd / % p,
e# e# 2+ 7= /3,
% яc #& % $ ,3
4 2я %r /=;
a 7 s/ 3 01
e 01 2 G #
G 2 p:/# #
? # C ,
e я: i ?# an# i, p 0/
0 1 01,
01 2 G p:/
4 ‘2 % %’ ‘2 s *
/я pя’।।*
(s #nd t ?# #)

339
s d t n
17 Gm,
Gm , 1971
e
2 # nd
t 7- 7- 01 n

n 4 я1 2 d ut
dsp $ #& *- # 7
Y s0 /= я - яn ud।
я1 -% # # dя1 g।
2я , Y - я Y
# 7 / - t 7- n 2я ।
, 7= , я # 7

d #+ %-#। r /: ।
d 1 d %¥* o #- #- pj-
2 2я d1 - dя1 /
dsp $ #& - # /* 7।
e 2я я - ul-Y ।

#? = /
, =- # я =
ut - я h 01।
, , ud 2 R: я।
[‘bP #’- Cbr 1972 ?# #]

340
s d t n
0t

15। s #nd ?# s #nd ...Gm 1971
kd я : p, a g t
‘ag’ ?# #
e/ #:
3 Gm,
Gm, 1971

#/ t # # ,?
#% *, t =c
e/ ,? %0 i/
Rc #m r ? j$?
r7
/ # ? + R
# a:?1-, dr
; t
trd 1
,0=1 ,0=1 / # /।
? p%я u3

,d#, #-, i =
/ #R k ?।
hW, 7 $ :? #
i, i t ,d#।
/7 k t
$, $ ard h :
3я ' ? k=p= ।
1 ast #я3
я %k #0।
/ d 1 я #
c k u3 d।
341
s d t n

/ d 1 /* ?
#/ t 2 2 =c
#% '* t akd/ ?
r7
& #l & i
я /%, 2n #,
$ я %7=
,* t ¦# a%
p $ #m #? ?।
ag 2# 3* #/
? %0#m , $ j
u 3 2g ags
?! 2W tr u-* #+
#+* # %7 p=%
?? ` ? #+ / ।
a$: t akd/
3* /। k / e ।
' ? 2
e# e# #- #&, 7
Rk; /? t akd/
d1 # e/
n। am 0 0
1
/i #। k #%
, 2#; k
2 я । c #c
R nd # *n%n #
p=, R ,
_ # / kn {
p%я -
t $ = e/ ।
342
s d t n

1- 1 *,
1 # k। 1 #%
k $ a1। /n
| % p=%k।
r7
R? ¹я *t
k ,/, j$ /
k /। # я
t я , a
2 R: ` ।
a1 я я ।

я : я, я 1 я
u% #n
я k/ я я я
я я я, я я।
...Gm
...Gm,
Gm, 1971
r7
dt t /
/ * ck g 2$
#r7 । rk /
#+* я । /s /
pt ul C 2+
p яh p ।
dg7: 4 s0 R/,
71 / %
я /* ।
#s #+ /
343
s d t n
i +,i #*

e/।

i # +, /?
/:# яl
/ 1 #% % # p=?
r7
1 #/ #% Ö 4/
# 2$। 1 #% #/ i
/ 4 # ।
1 #% #/ i k =
ast / `` #
k / 1 ।
#/ ast$ 4/: #
#/ t k
/ #
/* a 1 a n #=।

i/ # %i
ËRk / * 2$
k #* k/
#।
r7
R
,* k k/ k
j # /
# 4 । kp #
%0 p#m p,` я1 4/
*n%n # pk #
344
s d t n
R° =, t #

? - R
p/ 2g # p
dn k k
k ast p/ яя1 #
# , p h #
1=। trk # s
%i* p/ pj ,।
kd / k 2
% |
c i p=% *&*
2tk । # # Y *
# я,

я : я, я 1 я-
u% #n
я k/ я, я я
я я я, я я।
10 Gm,
Gm, 1971

я$ = 7 '
# ,* #/ ,
r7
t 7 , 2#
s s?1 an / ##1 s
я। s=1 c dt e/
# # # { ?
`%` # s /।
s p,` k
j* e я ।
345
s d t n
s kd s?1 7= #*

dt । % 2g #/
kd $R=: 73nt
u-* , 2 * 7
p % ps kn /o, kn /o
/ %! ast # =।

a # # / ?
r7
я1 u- p
01 R $ я1
# d:U
/, g Ë*
я1 o- ,
/ j g k: #
p я1
/ j p,` 2$। %&
#/ a s, #s
#& # #* я /R /,
k 7 k /
/ #* e/।
R /i / #* 2$
% n # 2k=।
#? * , 2#
яl / /s /
*n%n #* /?
#? * , 2#
яl / k
2h * % k k ?
я1 2* e
4 # kn ,
346
s d t n
k #? #nt / ic

/ । #
*3 &
st e/ ,/
k % , ast
#7d # % #।

%& % / /i*
## яя1 #? / 2।
/ , 1 ac
я$ = 7 ,
: я %k। jя /
k #। 1jя /*
, p % #। e
=nt =nt %U
k k # /: # 2#
=nt /: a g
# 73nt । я1
, : p#*
, 2 k 0 a%7
% d7। *
2 / s?1 0
k # i / e/?
r7
R? k *t ?#
e/ u k /
k / । # i ?#
d 1 #m r%0 '
k / , k /
#% e/ ,। / я *,
я * t &
,* %
347
s d t n
# / я ¦# a ,

0:/ %c e/ ,
es% | ? / #
n1 nd # p=%
uY1| # । 0#
1
k / hg /, Y *
#, я-

я : я, я 1 я
u% #
я t/ я, я я
я ¥ я, я : я।
(, яu /#। 2Rt um # o 2C# / ।)

348
s d t n
0t

16। s #nd s #nd ...1971
?# p, e#& r# t
a g - ‘яl ’ (a)
яl
11 яi,
i, 1971
# (,U# # /+#*) я -0#
, -e-#, : /m #l C
/d-
C / && , d #?
/ d 7। 2 e #:m n r& c। 2 $ c।
d1 я #

, s# । 2 d1 । ' ' a : #?
# am # j ।
C # k:, C d1 ।
d1 2 / 3 /o & я i 2*। u ei t 2
# d 7 # e #:n n n r& c 2 $ c।
C # ,o?
d1 hя 2, 2 /’ /&1 2 ? $ : 2 ‘#
c’’ । / # e# ‘‘’’ /
, oi d_ cn k/ p 2 :
# e: &# &#c , i 2 n r&
/ G c। o $ c -#i- $ /я %¥
। u # hя- e# 3 *।
C #! k/ -k/ -k/ ! 2# *3

*।
d1 sC C я । % *, o k/ , । { d_
cn।
C d1 e#? # : && ?
/ я , /- ei&i 2 d#d।

349
s d t n
C / oi d/ / 2 e o c।
d1 c ? e e /я # s। e# k # c। 2/!
C d1 , ei #? 4 2 ?& 2 $ u-। ।
/ я , 2 , / । 2 / я o k #।
d1 k - e & k :s।
C ? # d1 ।
d1 ' я ? 2 # a% । ,
/ 7 g# /: #*, ?1s &я #*, :W &*। ei
& &# 2 e#-e#я k3 ।
C e 2 n 7। ।
d1 #nt n 2 % я । 2,# e# 2 +, &# &g#
# я # 2 oi k3 2 e# ? ।
*, #l C 2 ? ।
C /, e #? # :? ei ?& 2-
/ 2# : я । & &# h : : an7 * # я
। i o GCn &1C#& i o
3i d *।
C # 2 # /। d :, /: n, : a,। ei
#7 p 0 :। u ?& # -
/ % я । 2 i o k d , ।
d1 /:+-/:+, #* o / /:। +7· d 2 s : #
n * , 2 $ +, / /я * d ,
। % : d ?*।
/ / #* d1 !
d1 e / /। s 2 j-`। e# । e :i

c, 2 #* # 2 / 7 # я ।
C oC! ?& ,k u-!
/ , / я । e n #* #?- #? ।

350
s d t n
d1 ◌ 2 Rd / 2я# # + p& an % an7=
# e #? * ? 2 , d/ / u-*। #
e *, #C /: 1 2 o /*। #nt e *, 2
#* / 7, , 2 %i।
C ◌ oC-?& 2-
/ ◌ я , 2 ?&# a $ । 2 p 2 3 । 2 o
| 2 2s । -# # ।
C ◌ # # 2s && ! i01 2 2# * s%# / *।
2o |# # -# *, |, 2 cn h #
s%# # C*। #nt ##g 7 e e 2 я-
я C+ # । 2 / ।
d1 ◌ 4 / , , я # % । 2c я , d& n # /
?
C ◌ # ?
d1 ◌ e#& % , 2 яno a7 d k:n 2tя
* 2 , #* । 2 o / #* isC # 2
/ # я & 2-2 #& । # # e '&
'!
C ◌ d1 , ei Ùd: s1 2 s /c। #। ei /0 1
2 # / # ।
d1 ◌ я । #= 2 2 h % #। ?# 2# 3
# # #।
/ ◌ я 2 / e ,।
C ◌ 2 । /:+, s= 3 #& 7# ,% s # 1n
¤ 2 /।
/ ◌ 2 2 *। 2 ?# । 2 #’ o 2 C+ u3
я ।
d1 ◌ (/) , 3 #& 7 | 2 7 u3 !
я 3 k # ।
/ ◌ e : ? $o ,। 2 , я । /Cя।
C ◌ /Cя।

351
s d t n
d1 ◌ я , 2 / % *। o# a ।

C ◌ 2o i %*।
# ◌ я 2, # я 2 1 p?1 ।
C ◌ u #& 2 ' # 2*।
d1 ◌ # я , я 2 : s। i s# e s # #=?
C ◌ pя * s #*।
d1 ◌ 2 e pя 7 * s *+ 3 C c ei!
C ◌ ei&i 2 । o, я# - o।
# ◌ я h# я ।
d1 ◌ 2 # , я ?
C ◌ - -?#। ' d1 +, e# e# # /: # :, 2
ast# as#o # । 2 , я, 2 g/= #r । # ?
◌ 2 k 2 p#: ,C d: + /। # # * ? +,
,*।
C ◌ # ?
◌ 2 : 2я# # 4r #*। *, 2 e #C
# : /, 2 e 1n k uя /o 0 #?, i & 1n
।
C ◌ (/) я 1 s 3i $&।
d1 ◌ я & я hя, #= o+ / i $ ¦* ।
C ◌ d1 !
d1 ◌ sC C # ।
◌ + /, 2 2 #* o #* cn -` #i k 2
/ a1= # ।
d1 ◌ %l , , ।
C ◌ я, 2 o 01 2 2 #* o #* ,
2 # e# я : # । 2 o k #* ?
352
s d t n
◌ & n 2 :k :।

C ◌ 2 e&o 2 #*& :k : h #! #=-
d1 ◌ #=, ei hя - # /o & # e#*t # u ।
C ◌ sb /o d1 ।
◌ 2 e* ei я : , 2 2 #* ?# pr + /।
C ◌ pk ?#-:s /।
◌ '। #nt #!
d1 ◌ -#i । e #? * !
C ◌ d1 -
d1 ◌ sC # /# я ।
C ◌ 2 , ak #r я। d1 #& u- , R? ,t
e я: ast ?#- / 2 a:i 2 m0=1 # ।
d1 ◌ hя - c- e# #? #। - я ?# o # ।
C ◌ i।
d1 ◌ a: /U # 3 d’, : / я # #? # /*
R? g&: o #i ?# ।
C ◌ d1, # 2 # #। c।
d1 ◌ hя 2 -। i :।
◌ 2 ,। 2 2। /Cя।
d1 ◌ # n e#& ,& * ।
C ◌ #* o /। ei , 2 ?& $ u-। o- oo।
16 яi,
i, 1971
/ ◌ # : d1 ? e## ?
d1 ◌ e* e#, i e#। /# 2।
/ ◌ #: #o я #?
d1 ◌ #* *। i : -% h e#& #: /*
/ ।
353
s d t n
/ ◌ # %?

d1 ◌ a # # % я । &, 2#, '
d p= sn я ।
/ ◌ #i 2 # sn я !
d1 ◌ /, я 2 # /* ?
/ ◌ ।
d1 ◌ # #+* ?
/ ◌ ।
d1 ◌ # # 2 h sn я ? 2 R kt । h&# /:
#* 2 ।
/ ◌ । 2 ul 2# # a4% 1 i। i 2 *
# u o-।
d1 ◌ 2 / /, h, h# 2 #o s/-% । i
2 h ?# s/, % 4# *। an d/ #*। 2c
/, 2 n p 2 e&# s/-% i?
/ ◌ pя # ।
d1 ◌ я st#o # # e#& %-
/ ◌ d1 ! 2 *n # । %! s/! ! o /c :#,
%+3। 2 $R= # o#। oi / 2cn #।
d1 ◌ 2c 2 / # % , /?
/ ◌ 7 # 2 %। k! --- k / 2 2 n i-
2 # я3 R° = /- h я - sn , /= я ।
d1 ◌ (/) i/ e# ,t! | s!
/ ◌ я d1, d 7 # # g=/ / । я 2 #U 2#
#? ,*।
d1 ◌ я/n я ।
/ ◌ # d1 ?
d1 ◌ , i * #, я a # /*, i я/n &1
। hя, /s । o 2 n । #=
/t :k : g। o :# 2
#- / ,#। ,i 2 я / । 2
354
s d t n
a # , , ,,, kU । 2 e# я gя /। #
я/ ? 2 ?# я ¦#| Ci #C #3 2 /
। 2o e#& #1: 2*।
/ ◌ ##!
d1 ◌ ei 2 ,& c । 3 /c i яя && /c। 4/:
/: # 2 # #* - яя 3
a$ ।
/ ◌ 2# : #o i।
d1 ◌ 2* я -2*- oi ? o 2* 2 #&- o
-# । i d ।
/ ◌ 2 #u# # d1।
d1 ◌ 2 # ?
/ ◌ # # ।
d1 ◌ / i k я : # k c i # ?
/ ◌ k ki 2 e#t ud:।
d1 ◌ o! ‘‘i n- i k c Cя’’ i: j / Ö?
2-,, 2 p= +,।
/ ◌ +, * #i?
d1 ◌ # !
/ ◌ - #i #* ! #, o я ? $o । o ' ।
d1 ◌ 23 * e '*। , *। 01 2 $ #& *।
/ ◌ 3 ,# d1 । d p e# e# - #, , я+/
nt= #k o #।
d1 ◌ # я , 2# 2 /: # a?, 2# :я +
я+/ /я / , ? :& -# ' u- * /!
/ ◌ , ?# # C+# C+# ।
d1 ◌ #, / e 2 ast&# # s# # । :i 2 #
2 n / , ei /0 1 2 R: / e 2 n / /
।
/ ◌ d1 ! - я-
355
s d t n
d1 ◌ k: ## & / /। , d ?# ei 2я1 g#
o। i Î, 3 7 # a% । 2 #+ u-।
e: o , / /। / #- /, Ö cn p
/ #। o :, : 0я। oi R_ 1। 3 #&
7 ant a:, 1, # !
◌ d1 -
d1 ◌ ei 2 я।
◌ я/ #??
d1 ◌ nt= #k।
◌ #u # nt= #k *?
d1 ◌ я /:+। tt e# t eit an , e 2 i t:/s1।
◌ # 1 /c #?
d1 ◌ (/) 2я i * i ei nt= #k # ,kn я яn
- 2 %¥- 2 3। #3 ei я * *।
i я я я C+ e 2 ? c ।
◌ 3 я ।
d1 ◌ ' ' e#& , : #? & # ।
◌ 2 / k 2 2 # e#& ntt । d i
।
d1 ◌ я- ! * #+- +C । 2 я & +, я।
◌ 2 a : h d1 ।
d1 ◌ o * / я। :i, 2 as #? ,n # 2
#n #+ ic #।
◌ # ? # ? #+ # 2*!
d1 ◌ #+ ! я+/ 2 3 G G я । 1# 2
я 3 , , G я , । %c ? / #
1# / я+/ # । я+/ ,# / #&
- 2 2 e u# ** - 2 e# &# # я :
я+/ # C: C: # #c । e# # 2 * #- +,
я &*- 2 2 + ,c । ei =!
◌ । #- # 2-
356
s d t n
d1 ◌ 2/- 2 e:#/ ,/ / । # я। e#& -·
# t।
◌ i # ei nt= #k dk?
d1 ◌ я , 2 h dk! h n я 2 *।
◌ un! un-
d1 ◌ яo nt= #k , । 2 un! #nt - #? яl।
i ei яl i/ e# #W a:। (Change over)
।। nt= #k।।
#k।।
C ◌ 4 / && , 4 # я, ` 2я
an#cn / ,*। d/ 2 k: # e# e#
*+3*। d/ C r= a?1#& * 2 я:। 4 ast
d / - d я : a?1 pя । i a?1 a% * 2
#7 । 2 i , e kt #= #?
d1 ◌ (s ) 2/ Rp : 2 3 #* k ,i*। / ।
/ ◌ 2 2/m , ,&я # u c ?
C ◌ o :& ? #* 2* #! + c 2 ? #+- %c e
я ,&*।
d1 ◌ я । o +C-3 e #+- 2- я3 *। i e $ #=
#+- 2- *3c।
◌ a #& :। oi я : я: a?1 $1 %c 3*।
C ◌ /, я -# 2 # /c?
/ ◌ 2 ?: ,_ ,c я ।
d1 ◌ #nt # i C /c । #= * /-aC
u3 c।# : я : я 2 # !
/ ◌ d1 , an #? я+/ # as # ।
d1 ◌ # # я+/ s, p#Rs ?# /!
C ◌ d1 । e& nt= #k।
d1 ◌ ei nt= i 2 nt=।
C ◌ /, # c ?# & k # :s # ?
357
s d t n
d1 ◌ & & я ।

C ◌ ?
d1 ◌ я , oi d/ #3g 2 & gg 3 *i # c-
#=, 2 h# d aя1 # ast # । *3
k a & # k # p #* । oi &
i 2 & # :s /c।
C ◌ d1 ! u ?& 2 $ u-।
/ ◌ d1 #? as / 3 -я । e # c & #
/*।
C ◌ - i /। 2 ,# 2।
d1 ◌ 2U। e# *p C# । 2 ,
o ।
C ◌ u +, G% h : o 2 cn h # ।
/! a?, я && o 2 ?_ 2s *।
d1 ◌ я, я #i - - # i G я । #= 2l/
#* ¥। i p 2я :।
C ◌ oÜ- --। / # 2 3& # । R/
% 3 = #r # #। ## - ¥ g
*+ 3 C ।
d1 ◌ ,U#।
/ ◌ a7 i # 2 । 2 && - 2 7 %s%0 /।
3 &, j k । &# 2 n: #
।
d1 ◌ 2 ? o # u3* /!
/ ◌ d1 !
◌ d1 -#i * /। d/ 4 7 : - d/
* 2 h : :।
C ◌ 2 2 h : % o # я!।
◌ i। ,-# 2 я । + / / я , i: 2
‘:# / ’ |$# #*। o kd % c- 2t1=
#*- 2 ?: C+ # c।
358
s d t n
C ◌ - я?

◌ 4 i , 2 , h : : d/ *। e # 2
h : #* a # 2 rd / 73nt p। / #*
:i st p : 2 ?# cn / । # as
+3 e# % * + /।
d1 ◌ 2 я : #t #t 4r #। 2 i * ## ##
। i * 2 , 2 ? o # u3 3c। ? !
C ◌ e# % 2 & /r/। d h# o C /’ । ei
яtr# # -
d1 ◌ % ast = 2 s я я : 2*। 2 -#i-
*।
C ◌ a/:- a/:! /, am % n h : #r । d
я । d-d ,i। / ut - / । / i/ ,t 2 &#
?#- / * । e *3 a : u i।
/ ◌ #nt я+/ -
C ◌ e : # #nt i। +, #m , d& e#& * । # c#
#я 2 /, % 2k= *3 a : u 2 i /। e #
2 & a *i , a 4# -4# c # ! ,
*& *l/ ag / । 2 я, 2 o g/= #r ।
/ ◌ /Cя।
C ◌ /Cя।
d1 ◌ uC! di h /। 2 , 2 e#& a_ d + । %
2 # $ *-
C ◌ d1! o :# 2 % * । k я= # 1
2 #%& # # c। 3 k c । e#& /, '
d1, # e#& / 1 3 *। j - 2 1 j ।
d1 ◌ # / я ? 4/:, /: g=/। o a% / 2 # g
#*। e # oi i я । e / ?# /i i।
C ◌ 4/:- /:। /:+- 7 cg# 2 #*- ijя &*- /:
#*। 2 -2 яl- 2 । o o- o |। 2
/ c h ks #*- ¥ o 2
#*। 2 | s=- 2 /t- 2 яl। /:+ /:+ 2 яl-
359
s d t n
2 - 2 #i। /-/-/-2o k ,i- 2o k ,i- 2 kя- 2 k-/-/-
/-....
d1 ◌ &# я u-*। # 2 i। 4r।
1 2 s,
s, 1971
।। #l C /* ।।

/* ।।
d1 ◌ 2 , # ?# 2 4 /* । e e# 21 1 ।
C ◌ # /* d1 ?
d1 ◌ a # # / 2* я । 2 n /, d /, /-
C ◌ 2 / 4 # /c ?
d1 ◌ i? # # e a # a·/: 4 i। , ,
,c, /& # # e%i / ।
C ◌ я- e%i / 01।
d1 ◌ #nt я+/ , # # / * ? # 4 /
# % ? # # s oi uc *& sg / * ?
* # g- #R7# p= /? , । #= i /
2 #3 * ।
C ◌ -# c। d1 , 7 / ,i #
я 2 #*-
d1 ◌ я я , & 2 #* ?, 2 ¥ #* o
। i # # # 2 o #* ?# #3 ?
C ◌ d1, #l C ? , ?# - # C
2 ।2 s 2 / ?# , / &
&# 2 j 3 %sst = #। ei 2 #।
d1 ◌ я , 4 # Yst :i %t , /। 21 / oi
*g-e o / # 33 c।
C ◌ oi d/ 2# ag # *। 2 / #*। #nt ##
я #l C яn , ? # #+&# #& -
d’ *।
d1 ◌ я , 4 # ? #+& ,i # । i / e #
3* я+/ ।
360
s d t n
C ◌ a?1?

d1 ◌ 2 , $1 , a/ / ,, 2 яs я
s # *g-` # । e# oi cn 2o
k, d171 /c। 2 h # # ? e c?- #nt k=
я %c *u C*। #u 2 3%+ 3 e ,c। 2/ , 2
,+ / kk / - (#n #)
C ◌ #+ -#+ d1 । 2 ? $*। e:i- oi # 2o।
d1 ◌ a oi я । e i % #* - 2 $ $ oi &
3, e# k я ।
C ◌ ##! я- #!
d1 ◌ 3 d я । 2 #& d я я।
C ◌ , / d1 । d C: o 2 %1 i। 2 k
я 2 /।
d1 ◌ / # n# e#& -
C ◌ d1 - , r, , 2 я ,’ ,я। ` ei
k u 2# *3 । u t 2g C& 3। i
я jn % 2*3 3 ` । # %c e
c cn।
d1 ◌ я я । e c c ,: / 2 1-2b hя я
# ।
C ◌ ut c /G c ei k u। 2 / । * 2 _
#? ast p # ag:U n #। #nt 2 % , oi cn
7& : e 2g 2*। 2 я , / 1, p/ #
-
d1 ◌ я # ,3 / ।
C ◌ 2 cn# p% - * # ,_ #; #nt :?1 /।
2я 1n 7&# ,: # । i ,+ я C ,3 я
, #nt-
d1 ◌ #nt i я C e 2 3 # 2 %* я !
C ◌ d1 ।
d1 ◌ sC C # я । 2c 2 , e 2 ei # k #
:s #* ?
361
s d t n
C ◌ , 2 яi e#& 2i h #*। 2 i 2i # 2i / ei
k u e#ct a।
d1 ◌ e#i яя3 ?!
C ◌ 2o , 2 oi 7 ## ei&# я : я ¤g 1,
/ - 2 C #। | , 2 *tc
=p i я:% g/= #*।
d1 ◌ /b- /b, я ! 2 # %1 = #* , :i |
s!
C ◌ # #l ?
d1 ◌ ad! я - ad! 2 4 %*, e d 2яo 2 +, 2* #
#।
C ◌ (/) :i # r7 d1 ।
d1 ◌ e#& *· l я । - e# 01 :k s # e# e#t
# :# #, |4-43# /: # 33 3# /। #nt d%1 :, ei
1 # # i *n # । a7 ei 01 -d 3 # -
, 2 2 2 i: i r ।
C ◌ (uPcs / ) /-/-/-/-/-[2,# / n # k] e:+। # ,
d1 ! h я, # - # o- [ я1 u- ’ u ?& 2-
।। #k।।
#k।।
◌ n + /।

C ◌ 2 # я। # ?
◌ 2 #* k: 2* + /।
C ◌ 2o #* ,i я। 4 *, i 2 # 2 #1 ,
#* ?
◌ 2 s?1-
C ◌ uÜ - s?1-s?1! 4 я, 2 e *n # ।
◌ + / # 2 p kb /* ?
C ◌ я। # o kb /? 2 2 %i- a 2 я । 2
, :#-
362
s d t n
d1 ◌ я я # %%i , । 2 2 : 4, / :
- i 2 #।
C ◌ я- ei , ei gr% 2 i * । 2 R/t s?1 ei
я` 2 / *। 2 ei 2 / a1=
#-
d1 ◌ я 2 / C ।
C ◌ , 2 k C ।
d1 ◌ (s ) ei i # *।
◌ #nt 2 1, p 2 h1 * + /।
C ◌ + ic o 2 я#1 %1 # ।
◌ + d/ #?
C ◌ / 7 #яg *+3 2 /।
d1 ◌ (s ) e#i ## ##i ।
◌ я+/ , k 2: 2 % ? ,* ।
C ◌ (/) я 2 # / n । ` d/ /
/ 2 - - - 2 2 # | #। 2 p 2 0=1 2s, %
2* я। #=-
d1 ◌ #= ## i ## c 7 / #-# # G#।
◌ я+/ , 2 e# # #? & 2g / , n 2#
d1 $ $&, я я%0 as& p Y - r= a?1#&,
:, =я:, #-# n। eg :-
C ◌ u :- :-:। eg : 2 e# , : /
+3*।
d1 ◌ % я । ? o 2 2* , d1 #& । #
3 - i %। я e ?#i ‘‘, -#1 ’’ %i %i
,+,c ।
C ◌ # %। 2 e # 2 #1 n# 01 n ¹$ h :
# ps #, #nt 2 tr %-mj a #-%
#।
d1 ◌ я , 2 #, e CnC# # e# ,-# + я l/
%2k= # C ।
363
s d t n
◌ 2 c e# d1 ।

/ ◌ n я+/ । 2o e# e c।
C ◌ #nt / #? +3, # %, # d # ? я ,
7 oi /я /я cn 2 tr । e# #7 0 :, ,
d p, ast, h : 2 /*। i % , $ tr +3,
% , / % : k c d p /o ।
d1 ◌ ??1 * я । $1 , 2 ##g G &
* c d # я -# * । 2-
/ ◌ / я+/ , 2 2 %# e#& #3 h# । d& C /।
e#. d/ %7: #* я #, / 2 |# я
% 2 %0` я # #*। 2 d %-mj । 2
: /r7 hW a:i % /।
d1 ◌ (/) %-mj я , C+# # 2oя ।
C ◌ । -# 2* && , 2 k i %# e#& h# ।
i c e& , e d 2 e# i। h+।
d1 ◌ 2 h# %-mj e#& ,# / я । | я 2 %
*।
C ◌ d1 ! / d ।
/ ◌ 2 h : d/ r` %c * я 2।
d1 ◌ --#। ' ' ## ¥ *-*# ¦# # d:U /
#nd, :$+& u3 c। /-g i , s$&, # *u g3-
C& / c। я %+ 3 h :, 7:t ' ' я #*।
e #*i । s%# / *।
C ◌ uC! ?& 2 $*।
d1 ◌ $3 я+/ । 2 , : #* h # d/ #o-
-`, s%# / * я ।
C ◌ :i # s%# && ?
/ ◌ 2 p | 2 । :-=я: , # i-
C ◌ # ? o : # * ?
d1 ◌ % - я ।
364
s d t n
/ ◌ 2 e я #* я । e# p/ : #u #
/ i # 2 я # ।
◌ я # ?
d1 ◌ я oi яя n - 2 # я #
2 /।
◌ # % / && /?
/ ◌ %-n , e । +, #? % /। oi d/ s
# 1n-
C ◌ /:+, d/ h #i /। %* cn# n # d/ 2g
% । #nt 2g 2o j। e c n# # /।
я |#- cn , # /। pя / +# C+ 3
я /।
d1 ◌ я , sC C # । cn# # p 0 : / ।
2я $ $ p& k# 7 cn- p& kd e#- e#я
/। #& cn # я ? e#& ?# 2 e#&
j u-*। /я / u: = ` k: # *& 2*।
# rd # ?
C ◌ sb /o- sb /o d1 । e #! e an# # ? # 21
4 c। # e# e 2*। {, {- я s, % e#
*& 2*। 2g , 2g ! n #- /d n #। 2, 2- 2o 2
j o। u-
◌ я+/ 0*1 * । ` , o e# k# я g+3
/ । /#, i/- 4 k ?#।
14 %m,
%m , 1971
◌ ` , ak #- 2 2*। #W я / a । 2
e pk i 4% । a 2# p= - :
/। # % /# # /# # 2 ,i।
◌ (i#) /-/-/- /-/-/-
◌ #? #?
◌ n #c-#я+/ # я, / e#R_ ,
# sp *?
365
s d t n
◌ #! # aR: r7?

◌ (i#) 2 । 2# , । #= , s। 2
:, 2 :, n। 2 - 2 #- 2 ! # 2#
, ,_ #* #?
◌ । o 1p ?# 2 i। 2 2 #? *3-
◌ (i#) ! /-/-/-! n , 7 # # ri । !
я : # #* 2 #* e# % * #! s?1 я3
। # я я e *। 7# +# *। 2 ,
#s # яn e ug / । & :k:& яP #
%3& # ।
◌ । 2 =nt |- 2 =nt ,i।
◌ (i#) ?: #?। =nt | o। o& # #?। i *,
#s h` /c я o n। я # g। :i
=nt | /- / #s p= я =। 2 i я =
: g a । ae i /c #s h`।
◌ 2 s# # ।
◌ (i#) я । s# # U/ i। # e# a4% g, я
/3। 2 ?#i &1 яn ?#i # яn
k a +। 2 2я ` , 2*- i
o # яn %R: t। 2 я , ei # g ast /
яP # 2# '3 G# 2 - c k я : `
# / #।
◌ - - e ?:! 2 # i। 2 #* #*- 2
s?1 я :। 7 Ùd 2 s # # - #o ।
◌ (i#) kp, an । $1 a/ /, k s # '
। # ci c। # %*, ` ei #l C
g/ / ?
◌ / o #* ।
◌ (i#) o। | $ o! ,U#। i ' `
/ # d3*?
◌ a #& i। #= | # R/Uk ?1 k / ।
366
s d t n
◌ #nt # ? , &1 sm / * i? ,
# 4t d’,& u m7= я । :?1 /।
e # ` p / % ? i ।
◌ i a # , ?#। ei 2 / 2। 2i
/ e % p uя।
◌ an# ' +3 2* # я। :i я #
#, / # %* h, # g я ## #? am।
# %*, #l C # g p #? :
#?
◌ s-ic o #l C : # / 2 p/
2g & # я/ 3 ।
◌ j %7 p # os # । #* 2 i c
b ?1#: 4r /। p#: a% #- ‘я = 7’ 2h #
# h+ # - 2 i 7 #t # d3।
◌ e /: 2*। ,t- | s। 23 * я i/
Rgg k %я। 7k | % an। i #s я
p c c, e я , W& m - e
я ?Ë_। i # , # pя # /: # ।
0#। e# a4% :k।
◌ ! 2# i an# k # ,i*। #nt - ।
2 e 2-#l # %c ।’
◌ (i#) c-я #, e '- +# 3*। ।
+, ,o- / ci / ।
◌ 2# p% o ।
◌ (i#) #, p% я :i 3 #& 7 s#,
=nt# # u3 *- k c i*-
7 я # s?1 я 4r #*। =nt hs,, +#я
я =o 2 /: # । o p 2g j u-। s?1
%s%0 /।
◌ 2# 1_ ? n ?
◌ (i#) e#&i ?। & /c :-n ?। n-/-dËRt ? ag
/ 7 an % я# pg #। & | #:= я#-
367
s d t n
uU 1 #। 1- 3 7 / an# ?# 2 e।
? : 1 m 2 pg #। i i/
c p# я# ,h # । nk /o- e# ,।
◌ #nt # # 1 + k / 2! 2 2 & t&# n# *! 2
k / ,io- # яn 2# k ।
d1 ◌ 2 я, # %* ? o- я-
◌ #! o! d1 !
d1 ◌ /- ! 2я# ?# ?# a : я , c #!
◌ 2c d1 , ,k= :k। 2c d1 , 2 #* #* o
#* i # s s?1 я :?
d1 ◌ d_ # a: i । o 2 i # sc $ #* । 2
a # - 2 # # 2 । % , %c-3 / `
# 2 # # 2 / #* & * । #-e c
#s s n 2 + * । 2 # # # 1
& яn # ? । #nt 2 %* я, 2
# # 2 - #nt 2 # 2 # #?
◌ o # 2# dr #* d1 ?
d1 ◌ -! 2 # dr-eo # m!
◌ k-dr 2# ag # *। ?&#o * c ?i 2#
k C c। я , a 2# pg #, 2#-
d1 ◌ i/ 2я1 st k #। sC # , 7 &# 2i
। e #, #? , я?
◌ e 2 | n / 2*। e#& i ?# 2।
(Change over-Music)
।।
।।।।
।।
C ◌ e# e# i 2# : #*। i 2# h+ # c। 1k
2g 2 j* # c, i 2g `
c। #nt # # 2? aR: /s i 2# R? ,t e# a
#l u 2g j /*। 2 d1 / 3*। u %
* 2। ei-#i /:?
d1 ◌ n /я я 2। Ci-
368
s d t n
C ◌ d1 ! !

d1 ◌ 2i /я / я । 2 h# # я : #u# ।
C ◌ ## 2 3 #।
d1 ◌ e # # h# # я । , / # , #
/-# e#& pcn 2W-
C ◌ 2W! /! ei 2W-/# 2 & /: #। # 4
2 / =, я& 2 *+3 ।
d1 ◌ 2 an o # / i я ?
C ◌ i। 2 - # c।
d1 ◌ ei hW 2 - । : g ?1 / j 2
h# g #*। 2# #R# 1 ast /: n, , l , # c
/ / , k/ k 2 #, /-h :
an# k #*।
C ◌ n/ 2 #*& d1 /* :- # ,, h# m / 2
, /* :- 2 a = h : R: 2# :? #* :-#nt i
? , # | , / 2 я i। e я 2
2t/: ।
d1 ◌ #nt я , e o # %* # 2 я # ?
C ◌ /:+ । pя / p& $# 2 %ss0 = #-
7 o # % । – я 2 *3 ।
d1 ◌ / - ni / । 2 # 2 *3 - o *3 ।
C ◌ d1 ।
d1 ◌ /:+ я । ` #&# e# ! 2 h :
' e# +3 । 2 , % ।
C ◌ 2 pя # ।
d1 ◌ d% : 2 / । 25 ,1 ‘/ -,’
я , e* ?
C ◌ d1 ! я- #। /i ।
d1 ◌ i %। #= # s '-' oi c। #? i
2*, $-$ #? 3* । ei - p#, 2 %
# e#& # k/ $ #*। an #&
369
s d t n
##я ,ò 2,# & *। t- 2 я&
o d/ # # c ।
C ◌ r#- o o। o s 2 e#& # 2 #_ /
।
d1 ◌ 2o 2*। ,+ ast 'i e#& #1 я/я d-#` G
*। u 7C+3।
C ◌ ei #?g /c 2 # ¦ c। #g
a?1 o c # t *।
d1 ◌ h : 2 a #? 3*-*। 2 2/ h # ,#U a% p=
c। ei r , / 2 h : u d/ # ?#
2k= ,*। 2 h : # # ? i +,
p= k #। 2o ,#p 2* я । 2 7:t я
e#& я : k * ।
◌ n + /।
d1 ◌ 2 я, я+/ # e#& nt ।
◌ 2 2 # nt - # % d1? e#& a %7: an#
2 jя। #1 ast /: n #। Ån, %, # G #i
: яP # #*।
C ◌ ! # ! #o # -# 2b 2 s # । 2 я
2 n/ -2 c। #nt e 7 2 ,i।
◌ + /, 2 , n-
C ◌ ? ? । , n! # 2| e 2 , s #* ?#? h я:-
#* u 2 #* nt *3 , s # * 2 #?
d1 ◌ , * : e#& n0=1 # । 2 , я
# #-3, 3, #-я+/ % nt / 2| , ast
2 2 । , / h # я я : e&# #r=-
◌ sb /o d1 । +-/, , e% 2 # % ।
d1 ◌ # 2g - 7 2g i j ?#।
C ◌ /:+ -#i * d1 ! a?, k я : # яh &#
g # я : :s।
◌ 2 ei uk # p +-/?
370
s d t n
C ◌ 2 p я। % я : e## k # яn,
a :# 2 , 2 , r 2 , d , # p%R।
◌ , C 01 2 2 #& # o #* 2 # % ।
C ◌ - -% i - । 2 01 &# &# # 2
: % -& # । 2 7 2 ' ।
d1 ◌ # i d1 2 я ?
C ◌ я । ' я, 3 2 #* 2 -i 2я 2 ei
=। 3 2 #* &&, я, n % 1# -3 2 #*
2 d1 e#t s , an n/ 2 k ?1 я । :?1-
2 :?1 я!
◌ e ?# 2 a : #o o % # Î !
C ◌ , p 2 R| * i 2 3 # *-
d1 ◌ e% %+ / # я ? , я p , *t k%
a #। k%, p1 , * я : # a ,
ei k% p1 # ?1 o a i /*।
C ◌ , o 7 # s p a, #?
◌ + /, e ?# ¹g mn uk #i Î ।
2 n/ / 3*- n /c।
C ◌ 2 r` я # +3 ,i। n/ , a/, k 2। 2 =-
* । e *3 # u, # ? i я। , as m 2।
d1 ◌ an#-* a /। i/ o-/# o- :
4 #% = h । | p:k #, # % :
ag ?: R: $&।
।।я
(, #:= t। ag/= я 2/, = $7 (), я h -, p я ,
a% , яhr /#, iCr 2, / , #r= p।)
371
s d t n
0t

17। s #nd s #nd ......1971
p, яn# a g t
яC я ,

1 %m, 1971
%g ◌ (kn ¤ #) - -
◌ # ? #?
%g ◌ я । 2 %g /+d।
◌ ,U# # - 2* +3। (я b)
%g ◌ - (kn )
◌ o# #* # ? ei , #+* # &?
%g ◌ , #।
◌ ! & ## ?
%g ◌ ।
◌ k/ # я## ?
%g ◌ * ।
◌ ( ) # gg ` ,&#?
%g ◌ ।
◌ # ## #?
%g ◌ e#я ¥ я# 2 e#я я## 2 , # g
# 3 C ।
◌ ei /% , 2 & ?# яC я ,& 2 & 2।
%g ◌ ei o।
◌ e ।
%g ◌ 2 oi 3 o # , c। 2 & e#я ¥ 2
e#я я# : #?1 ,*।
372
s d t n
◌ # #?1 /c # *!

%g ◌ ? ?& a% # p& # ?#, e# a% o
# ,- 2o , o # # 3 # *।
◌ o /+d, # # * -i G# #? । i/
2яя #? '3 u3 # । 2 # $& i ?
%g ◌ ? *3 //। & ¥# ## $ । ¥&
k * я iC& / i # gr # g ,। я#
2l # 3 - । -
◌ & ei? e#& 2 *।
%g ◌ #nt , g& 2 # ?
◌ - 2 % #? e# $& я# : 2#* $&*। &
, n = kk। i/ e e# j। o# - #-
# h ¥ я# k/ #* astst , 2t1=
#*। я# # kd a # ? c।
%g ◌ i # ?
◌ d # i ? 4 % +i ?
%g ◌ $3 # ,n #? 2c e g/
# / # #??
◌ #? e:+? /-/-/- , ei / # # ?:,
2 p, p #* # CU - i। k a ?# e
p, # / |।
%g ◌ e:+, # ।
◌ #? C+ # % # ?
%g ◌ я - #? r । -/:+।
◌ %g।
%g ◌ / # pi e## C* ।
◌ 2* #? & /+d। # e # #s G&1no C*
i:। #s# # 4l c।
373
s d t n
%g ◌ e #? 4 , : * #& G #। 2c 4 ,
# # 2 d/ 3* ?
◌ 3* ? ei d/ ,& + #* #-h : я : astst
/ # d& я/я G *। e#& #s я/я ‘ ’ 2 e#& g।
‘e%’।
%g ◌ 2 n 2 , ic #* ।
◌ ei *।
%g ◌ 2c 4 , i/ # % 2k= # я : c '3 % # &+
#, % c 3 я : ‘‘i 2 G h-# * 2 #
,3c?
◌ /:+। 7 c / :c& ‘‘i i’’ - / :#
d3 /। ' /+d, # o- । g` i/
я*।
%g ◌ /-/-/-??1 * । 2c 3i # # я i/ ?
◌ am। i/ e ‘‘## *&-# 3’’ #* ।
%g ◌ 2 #?
◌ ' ? я
+ । g · /3i % c। o * я m
c i/#। #= 2я s-jn :। :
¥ / : *-/3 3 %c 3 3 2*।
%g ◌ i/ я я / ?# *।
◌ 4 # i, / &:+# 0 :। :. =я:, 2 , p i।
¹g e# e# d% / * ?# #& 3*। #u 2 /#
&#, ast ,& я ।
%g ◌ *3 я/я, , +-+ # ,# 7 u3 c। &
& / c। , g-
◌ , p # *3 e 2 # /c। i/# %G / ?# +, я :
я &:+& , %0 2, G #1 %·, #t
# &, g` я, &# r ,, # ##-# #Ui # । #nt
# C /’?
%g ◌ &i । 2o $ /’।
◌ i i/ e +, я : 7 ,_ #*। i/ *, 2 i / %
# я : 2o #u# । i# i । i % :
я 4r #* । i +, i % 2k= # ,i*।
374
s d t n
%g ◌ 2c , i/ % 2k= # #% +, ? ?
◌ ei :& ' /+d। i/ e * ? +, ,।
i/ & %* % c ,# $ # d i, ¹â
# + + #+ # u% ' e +3 - ‘‘? -#
# ।’’ я C। ¹â #-% я : ? :? 4r
/। 2 : : , 3। :- !
%g ◌ i p! ? e d!
◌ d / , i os :k। #nt e d & # ।
%g ◌ /-/-/- e# &i&m । 7 2я % 2Wgs। #nt
-# 2*।
◌ -# ?# # *+3? 2o # -io # ? 2 #
,n? pя ast । я : / я -2 -,ddr7
=: C।
(#:= t ,)
#??
e : r #
25 %m,
%m, 1971
(e#& ' 23 % 2+ = я 2*। 0 &1 o
k b c। e#& #* : e#& b /-c c
,:я # u-)
= ◌ /l। h # ?
i# ◌ Å`।
= ◌ s oG1!
i# ◌ & & &1, & & &1।
= ◌ o. #.
i# ◌ e## # =?
= ◌ ,* a?1U ,c। я i , - e /o g *3, 2
*3 / e#&, 2 o *3 e# ।
375
s d t n
i# ◌ ud:?
= ◌ ud: a, , 2 2 #*i i। / # 4 * #
/ /+& #+ 2 e3 2# # g *+3?
i# ◌ , a01 ,я ei я #:= o e я /। #
#?, ¤ 3 # C*?
= ◌ #, n? e o C । #? * Gk d?1 3 #* ?# #* Ù7
я g / %i c #। ?# dя i C
#?। e# e# h /i 2*, e# $3 &
ak।
i# ◌ e :s / । / %i e i e 3 । 2 # e#& яr :i
# # G# - /*।
= ◌ 2o i 4 *। 2 / , 2$ / -/l, h #m ?
/ o n Å`।
= ◌ s oG1।
/ o n ◌ & & &, & & &1।
= ◌ o. #.
i# ◌ #, / %i? 2 :s /c। o ,, e*
e i / 2$ / /। & +,# C& C& #* e#i
/ ।
/ ◌ i#, e 2 +,- : , e /я : 4r /*।
= ◌ a?1U?
/ ◌ a?1U , /
0 1 e *।
i# ◌ /:+, , /
0 1। $ $ d 1 3 #я 2 7 # e *। e 4tr
o / 2 , 2$। ( ?: k= k g b i c d
#: c c я #s p:# $ $ d 1 3 , #*
2* i ..... i:)
= o i# ◌ ,o #s Gc ! ei ,i।
/ ◌ /:+ e #s Gc i ,। e 7 tr, %: tr я #& #&
,। e я a : d, a:, d :#, :#, # /:
# । n!
n ◌ / %i।
376
s d t n
/ ◌ o 2 e* ' *?

n ◌ /:+, / %i।
/ ◌ pst?
n ◌ m0=1 pst / %i.../l o # ?
яP # ◌ (#+ ) Å`।
n ◌ s oG1।
яP # ◌ & & &1, & & G1। (c c n / s я1 o-,
e#& 21 ,U#। i *& e ।)
i# ◌ # #& / %i?
/ ◌ я# *। #& o # яi k। nя # e*।
n ◌ 2/, , ## oG1 m # e* #, o / я
: p/ яg।
/ ◌ : n, C*। k *। , / 0 1 e
*। e 2 # d d #*। s$&
a#я # *, bя u3*, i Y #*। e i tr#
2$ #*। 2 e#t ud: * e& o / 4r
#o 2 #r7, a#1 2k= h / ?1 i, 2
e# h /i। 2 tr s ? n # *, ic #i -* -
Gi -+ 33 । 1t 2 $+&, 2 d 1।
/ e , , &, #l, ¦#, ,·g 2 / 2*,
n / 2*। #? #? e# я ?# a : я 2 / ;
e# +3i / : #% a: o я% #।
= ◌ / e 2 #1: #?
/ ◌ e i ?#। 2 2$æ :i 2 k/ e i , e
। я g, a?1U /G#&1 ?# 2# /* e ?#i
k/ c /। ei 2 ,# ?# / 2k=
#। 2 & dя1 $+&।
= ◌ / %i, 2я 2 3* ¦# i %/ +, ,1, i //#,
i 21 । 2 e o 4 i - & ¦ 3 2
i 7 2 # i p , p , ।
( ?: ¦# //#, 21 o 7 2 0 ?# % 2)
377
s d t n
i# ◌ 2o % = 2 //#। 2 e o 4 i 2
- n , , k ,U#। R: 2 1n
* p ,i, p ,i। 2 c- +, ?#, p
। p। ( ?: / ,U# o k=% % 2)
n ◌ :i # 2 +, 2* i#? :i # 2 7 ic 0= #
*? :i # 2 Rd 2 2 # k /*? 2
, 2l/ $ я, n, % d 0 1 g+ 3 ,
2 ,i , & /: # +#। 2 '
23 ?# # # # k *।
#u# $R= # i, #r p / # i। #nt, #nt 7 ,
4o a, 7i tr #o # $R= # ? ( ?- ¦
¥#)
/ ◌ 2 $R= # #? g *, Î /*, 4 2g
3 * # яj # $R= # u, # । 7, rd
2 # d i-#nt a 7, 7 tr # 2 Y #i।
n ◌ -#i * / %i। 2c / %i, ,·g 2 d% :1 3*
, #nt #*i #?।
/ ◌ 2я 2 :k # i n। 2 яj: e#&
# 2*। 2 :k o _ я e#t /c । 2
я :i i я #? , # d /3 # :
p / #*।
= ◌ ei я : , i 2। ,03n я /o 1n i
2। 2я ei /0 1 i #? 2 3 s=
e h ,0=1 / । i я 3 ic 2 #?, :k
#?।
/ ◌ (#r= #) #G, 2 я = n। 2
i। #_ * 2। ei /% : 2 2 2 i / *
a n। /- + 2i $ 3 2g 4। ( ?:
k= b +,o-+,o)
i ◌ 2/!
(0 ?# k= ,1 b % 2)
/ ◌ { , k/ e 2*। n =, p:# я я e#& , dn
2। # s o , k 2# o d$- e
378
s d t n
# e#& * /। # / m ,, am ,? я o
R: ' +3i # dn /। 2 i , as e d+**।
2 *b ,1i dn *- p= , #nt s ,i। i dn 2я
2 ,03n% #1# # #я p। #я 7 / 2 я 2
2 a #i +, ?# । #nt 2 2t: R? , 2
s / +, ?#, +, ?# 2 np 7। 2 i
ud:i d #*, p= c।
n ◌ 2 d #* 7= rd। e#я 7 2#я 7# 7= #
, я :i 2 p= c।
(,1 b 2 #* , 2)
i# ◌ cn яo i * । * i a# , #u #u#
7= # , # a# u pg e#& яnt#
¹:si # # /।
= ◌ 2 = 7o i ,। , #u 2 -#
, ,b * 7= 2 /। #u 2
7, ।
/ ◌ n =! cn i / $7= #? * =pяnt
# p nt я яud 2/। o a : : R 1 d:?1/ %7
я * e m i % % # /। 7#
p#R -Rd p я : яnt-%t# e#& 7=/ я:s #
# #?i + * । 2 k/ i / k aя1
? ,*। # # a : a:, k ।
(,1 2 #* , e*)
n ◌ 2 : h #, i 2 aя। & 2 n, 7
2 /। 2 i C: # e , 7 i 2
/: #; e# i '+ 3 tr u। e% ,
?# tr# 2 $ -7 #।
(,1 b #*)
/ n =, 2 я p , я a, я n। 2 : ?#,
2# ?#, p#। : pg, 7 :: a# pg 2
p= , я 2 /i। R? k k 7 яn, , 2 яn,
2 - я p/ e%i , 2*, , 2* 2# ?#।
=% e#я я 2 e#я я , # 0: ?
379
s d t n
, । #nt я 7 c я : я1 /, я : я :

я1 /, я k i। я a: ak a। 2я 2 7
c я :, : я : я c, d # c। 2я 2
+3 an# c। # 2 я# -#? # 2 ? #? #
i/#? :#? :#?
(/m 2 яC ,)
---------------
# 2 r?
r?
4 Gm, 1971
(k/ । / 2k= # 01 / 0 1 pst। a #
я + k: #* )।
я ◌ n = 3i 2 #i /। s p#0 e pn# 0 #
e /। 2я 2 s d-#_ -2# = #
trY я : я# я # /। 2 e# ud:, e# k:-
& k '*, # 2g j*, #
#*, k i। 2 m0=% 1 1 s #, & k #
# ?#। 2 e i k 2 %7: #u 2
& я । n = pst!
s ◌ pst #G।
я ◌ e o- %1, %1#। %# '+ 3 #r7 /
u। o 7 # । p% 2 / m। e
o।.... #, s # G# e।
# ◌ я %i 2 ?
я ◌ e #, s #?? o e*, u e#& #я % ,
e C o %1 #* 2 1 2k=। i #i /# e #я
#i /।
s ◌ p= ?# * 2 я %i। / C:, / R: ।
я ◌ । ei /c n , kd #?। ei ,i।
# ◌ 2 * e , ?-,i 2 , ,i 2 я ।
380
s d t n
я ◌ /:+, ,i 2 я ।
(я n# /l, h # ) (/ # Å`)
e *। o । /। # o,
u 2 | 2*।
◌ я R: %R: ,t % / । #? 4 2 2 n , o-।
/ , #/ я E - # #G। 2 ,i R: ' я
i।
s ◌ 2 kc %1# я ।
# ◌ djj g я ।
я ◌ %1 W , ? * #* # i । ds d d1â:
/3 #*i ? # ।
(s= b 0 ?#)
4 , C/ bя u3 । / ? 2я ?# rd / ।
◌ e 2 # ?&# o n # । 2я o g-g d
я / ,c। $-3 2g 3c। 7# s +3
# g , /: #*।
я ◌ 2 - c। g 100& n #*।
2 /я /я 7# n # a#?: 1 #*। - ijя
* #*। e 1 n #, 1 # R/ st /
/ g # я।
# ◌ я %i, 2 # #я % * ?
я ◌ o /:+, , d e#& k $+& 2*। e $+&& 2 _ #
/। e $+&& _ / 2 ? e 3# u%i nt= # । /
2$ / ko /।
s ◌ e 2k= 2 Rt я %i, 2# 4 +,& * । 2
$+& u3 2।
◌ Rt o k i, #nt e% e al * # C /
% *?
s ◌ e e % i। e я 4 tr u '+ 3।
я ◌ , s । 7 pst i e । 2 t 2k= ,।
& ?#, e#& Rt ।
# ◌ 2 #я # я %i?
381
s d t n
я ◌ o #я 2*। ?# k=% । 2k= 4r /, / ?#
/: 2 । ei /: 2 ? R_ #। # %i
/: 2 ।
◌ 2 2? 2 # #?
я ◌ 2 o7 :`я ?#। pя / । e#& s,
। # # #, , , #, s ?#। #
/ 2 C#, я , e 2 # d # । o pst /
o, astst o। g я - g a/# , #
।
(k= )
pst, e o, #nt #u a/# utя / u- ।
s, n ? #я # -i # /। o, e o।
( o iC g)
# ◌ # %i, Gi , , +# & n # /।
(g ,i ?#)
s ◌ C#-я + +3 u- o, # & sb # o।
/ %i ?, e , ?........
# ◌ , # %i #??
(&1 b o g)
я ◌ & 5& # #, Gi , 2 e#& Gi । -# /*, * #&
e# *। &1 ?o।
s ◌ C# ,я1।
(g G s=)
# ◌ ,я1 (g G s=) e я '+ 3।
(s-я )
/:` 2। { e#& c, (g b) # *। s %i /*, o
%i astst rg o।
(# b)
s ◌ # #c!...я %i। ...2 e # # %i...# %i-
(21 # o-)
# ◌ 2# я %i #* ,।
# ◌ , # o-। , ,।
382
s d t n
s ◌ 2 ks & + ।

я ◌ #, # /* s ?
s ◌ # %i g *।
я ◌ #।
# ◌ # %i!
# ◌ #+ %i। #ui +, ?# я : 2 । e# # i /। 2 d
i, 2 2 яn%0 я : p= *। e R: 2 a # d। d #
।
(sCя / ,)
383
s d t n
0t

18। s #nd s #nd t ak-Gm, 1971
g= ¤ я : p,
a g

29 ak, 1971
i ◌ 2 2#।

*& ◌ o# 2।
rs ◌ # я %i %* #? 2 *& , *&। 2C# %i #
2# , ‘, 3 2।’
я ◌ # / *& o *? %i /*।
#я ◌ # я %i, 2C# %i 2я 2 ?
*& ◌ 2C %i 2я 2 2 । u k/ - : :s 2* , i
# 2# , ‘ %i 2 ’।
#я ◌ %i /*।
*& ◌ я %i, e -& । e я3 d
я*। e## g , udd 3 #& 7, 2 a :#
i/ яl / ।
rs ◌ o# 2 я&* ‘, k +&#&’।
#я ◌ , # * rs!
я %i ◌ rs 2я# 2 % #? * /c। # #? * rs!
rs ◌ o, * 4 4 2# # %, e d /* # ।
я %i ◌ d /* c। # #? * 2 & ।
*& ◌ , rs। #? ? o % । #? # u,।
rs ◌ ? oi я# #? *। h : ,+,, ,
C я#।
я %i ◌ ,c, я 7 g=।
384
s d t n
#я ◌ -#i * я %i, rs #nt -#i *।

*& ◌ rso : -= 2*। 2я p& 7 , , p:# я
# tr #k # я : d#। p= s#, s ,i-i।
я %i ◌ 2 / # 3i। p& g- я * c,
k/ %1 /c।
rs ◌ 2 c, d 7+ %ci /। e k я 2
# -
#я ◌ ? # , ।
*& ◌ rs ,c, d 2 # /, o
2 । i rs?
rs ◌ -# * *&। k #? e#& 2&# । *। i
*&?
*& ◌ -#i, 7 -# -#i ।
я %i ◌ ei я# *। k/ / e i c d
#? / c।
#я ◌ , a : # ?# । d / 7# #_ , i
/।
*& ◌ -#i, a : ?# । e# # 0 /i /। : pg
/i।
я %i ◌ ei , 2 ud , я я#
e*, k/ #* 2t1= #*।
rs ◌ # , 3 3 C? / iC +- /+& &
* & я # o /c, # & ?
#я ◌ & ? k/ я 2* -e i , :я ,+-,+
d3।
rs ◌ k/ % $ 2 / / *।
я %i ◌ #?& e# : * rs। 2 я :i o я #?o
o 2 я# - । /, e ।
rs ◌ #? 2* , i।
*& ◌ #?& -#i, #nt e# #o #/ # k /c । o %*
% nt R_ # 7 ic#, g 2n # sb # । #nt
385
s d t n
7 ici 7# я *। 2я 7 $-i

g। e## 3i #* d/ k/ , a :# / #*
= 7।
я %i ◌ 2 %i я# as /* ‘ я * ’ c।
#я ◌ я :i u k/ / c। ' *&, o #
# g #& /। # #_i 7# c।
rs ◌ o # 7# #_ *, # o
u,।
*& ◌ o& % =। я e , u a:, #& %। o
7:t a /। 2 *3 я# i e#& #* ।
# я %i।
rs ◌ я %i #?&, i e#& ' *&।
#я ◌ i % *&।
*& ◌ 2c я %i, %-n i 7- #nt 7i # ? । 2я
я# : a #i p= я#
*। a # / # % 3 я# /*। #nt
' * i 2*। 2 s % /।
7i % #, i ? # я %i?
я %i ◌ -#i * *&। d1 u 2 i, #nt h :
a:, я 2 ।
*& ◌ -#i, d : яi 2 । s k 2 m 2
7 ,0=1 #।
#я ◌ e я :i $ $ * 2я c। - h /c।
*& ◌ i # e g 2i s g।
rs ◌ *&, * e n n #? / e e#& / / ?
я %i ◌ -#i *&, e#& o।
*& ◌ , / , e#& t# ।
(t# )
*& ◌ 4 , %i , # ?
rs ◌ e# 4 k& e# & # C& ?#।
я %i ◌ -#i
#я ◌ i /। *&, / o i।
386
s d t n
*& ◌ /:+, / 2я# 2 2 i, , 2я# u-।
rs ◌ ,।
1 %m, 1971
я %i ◌ 2 2#।

i ◌ o# 2।
*& ◌ e я %i। % ?
rs ◌ я %i e*। 2я 2 2 ‘ &’-e e * ?
я %i ◌ я я # 2। 2я i -· /c, ?
#я ◌ -· # я %i। rs : *। e#& 2 *&# * я
%i &*।
*& ◌ % #?। я %i 4 # , o &।
#я ◌ я #? # я *&? a : u % #?।
rs ◌ # । e#& #я #, 2 3 / #? #я #
/i। 7 #я #* 2 2 e# ?# #?
я %i ◌ # * rs। #я # e#? * #?
*& ◌ o& #ui , rs n/ #*, / i %* rs #я
# । i rs?
rs ◌ -#i *&।
*& ◌ #u % rs। #я # 0: a:i । 2я#
2 i# & /। 1 i/ h : 2 $3 3*,
C _ #*, 2 m & # *। e as
,, ?# #i i।
#я ◌ e я :i । - g- я $*। ei g 2 - o
t 2*-#1: 2*, & 'c। я я g*
o я : /: #*।
я %i ◌ e# / e& & t। 2 i p t 2*।
-#i #*।
*& ◌ 2я# ei 2 - #ui i। #я # c ।
e * an #я :s, 2я g o G#
3*।
387
s d t n
2я o e* i। 2я # pµi o- # #, # #।
rs ◌ *&। ei 3i 4r / # 7 $3 2t-sя *3
e*। # %i %i# /*।
я %i ◌ o #? #i %, i *&?
#я ◌ 2 i #?& # ,i*। #? ' 3 o-
*& ◌ ?, /*। # я %i# e # # / ? # rs
# ,i* ?
rs ◌ # 2 , &i / ।
#я ◌ o , e&# #? 4 i & / , # # rs।
h #, 3i #?
я %i ◌ 2 o% #?& *&। 2 %*, rs / #? 3
2 #?i , , i *। # rs ।
*& ◌ 2c e rs। e 2 a% # i rs। 2 o&
яo । 2я 2 3 #& 7 p:k g p। #?o
# # ,i i 2। e я #? , я #я #।
a? d # #& % 2*? , # / , ,-
# 3i , ।
rs ◌ /# #? e# #?। -#i * *&। i * 2। 2я %
- # c। /-U s # ?। oi
# -яrd &।
#я ◌ яrd 2 # /! % #-#* /* #?
я %i ◌ h#, 2 4 #* /* #?
rs ◌ #* / । 2 #?& 4 i , 3 3 #। + n
/ i 3।
*& ◌ ? rs। #?& / c । ।
rs ◌ /:+, # 73, & e&# / *। яj # # /*
। e 4# # ? # я g i c =
3 + 7g# # c।
*& ◌ #r7 k p # / u। e я :i 2 2я r +3*,
== # 3i # c।
388
s d t n
rs ◌ 2o i । d #*, #, #nt я * , # s
#। i s /o 1n d 2 #i।
я %i ◌ -# * rs। g g 2я e я :i 2 p :s 3 *।
i d # o, -i+d #।
#я ◌ e я :i ?# / % c। # # # 3
-# 2*।
*& ◌ R: C+ * । 2 c / #* g
7। p& 3 / u-* d 1। p& 7 / u-* h #।
rs ◌ i/ ' , 'i %r ,# ¦ *। e %r
#3 ,& ,- an#।
#я ◌ e as *3 , #+ +,।
*& ◌ %r #r7 a:, #*, 2 7 / e k i
3 c। ## ' * ‘ j , ।
3 #& 7 e# *-2 # /i। 1
3i 2।
я %i ◌ /, 2l u | /, e 3i # /। i
?
#я ◌ 2o #? i я %i।
*& ◌ 2я# g я = /:-/ e k , pя
e # a&& , 2 /-2
я, я, яi। 2 2-2#k 0= /i।
rs ◌ ## '-*&। # # 3 । # , -#
* rs 3i #*, 2 % , d # 3 2
#। # 2 2C# %i #* ।
я %i ◌ k/ , ?
#я ◌ -#i #*। co я /3 G¥। 2 2 i 2*।
rs ◌ # : я %i, #? #? i i।
я %i ◌ # / 2?
rs ◌ 4 ? *& e#& o।
*& ◌ o/, 2o i। 2c e / e#& , t# ।
(t# )
389
s d t n
*& ◌ /, / o i 2-, 2я# u-।
#я ◌ ,, я %i, rs , i।
i ◌ ,, ,।
(sCя / ,)
я 2
13 %m,
%m , 1971
##
+ 3: ◌ 4 2 % #: ': :*, 2 d7 2i s
#i /। e#& 2 :, :& я# %1 /
j #*- -#। 2iя#: oi &&i #i* , 2 : #*
2*।
◌ 2 # 2 2 я । * / `, o ?
* 2 # s %i। i
#o i, e# e 2 * Gg 3 , # o #
aC e*, । #?, & mt *। #
2 *& яj #*, i #, ei
# i ।
##
+ 3: ◌ G :*। 2 e# я : * : : :*। 2 *:
, / 2 я : : : । 2o k k 2*, 2
e# : /।
◌ 2 4 C #3 #?i * । o j 2я# - &i #
$&-$& o я 2*। 2 3 &# 2
, -, 2 - /:+ /, e# 3 *-
, 2 # । /я #? # i ,
- 4r # / 3 o %c i।
##
+ 3: ◌ 2o 4 :* 2 /i ,i /:* : # / 2 # : *-
# , # : :। 4 #?, /c #? 2 /:
/ ,: *, 3 %i 2#, o i 2*, 2яi o# G#:
2 : 2i o , #। i 3 %i# :। 2iяi :
e#& :s #।
3 ◌ # :, ##
+ 3:# e#& utя /c । #* $&* #?
390
s d t n
+ 3: %i, e#& g* ।

◌ ei 3 %i e*। ##
##
+ 3: ◌ 2 : *, 2 я: , ।
3 ◌ # /* ?
◌ # /* ’ 2 2 я ? # я ?#i u,
* 3 %i। ?# । ei * /, g``
я# & g&# e# * * # c, e
# / :s #, 2# - + *3 , /।
3 ◌ # ,o, 2 e # , # ,_ #* । я
# s-/& G# # * eo a:, n /
я# ?# #& : /i k/ s o
/।
##
+ 3: ◌ d :s /, d # 2 /: # %:* 3 %i। e
:c o 2iя# # $+& d-& /+&, n / /:*। #u
#* i % । 2iя# #& *& n# :i :3i।
◌ /:+, #* ?# n# * , g-r / i। 2 7 /
d1, # * , 1 / , Y / ।
##
+ 3: ◌ :o o #?, 3 %i। 2 e i : G#: 2 * o#। /
e o , #i: / #nt /: 2 7
i: , /:+।
3 ◌ 2, ##
+ 3: %i, ? # , ...
##
+ 3: ◌ 4 4 #* i। ? 2 -ì 2*। 2 #* i , i
, 2 G#: 2 *, i':-2 , ।
(e#& )
3 ◌ e#& , 2 2 d’,& rb# G# 2 , /я /o g:
:, i ?# u,। 2, ei ,, e *, ,,
, * oi an# # # 2*। 2 %i #-2 /, * # ,
e , e /:+-/:+, o i , 2 Gk /# 23
# , e#& g* ।
◌ 2c 3 %i # e#& G# / , * #1# m#1
%io #* я %। 2 , 2i a :i #*।
3 ◌ e * , , 7 1n , * , oi
# o& # 2* %i , jя ek= #? '। o
ei d1 # * tr ? я e я$ : #я p
/, s%i jя n / ।
391
s d t n
◌ 2c 3 %i, ei #s & a 7# a:,, &, g
3 , 2 ijя * #- 2 i #* # o #
/ o# / #, e # # :s i? #* e#& - e#
2 # # u,?
3 ◌ /:+, 2 i# e m#1 #* ,i, - #s
2 tr। 4 7= # я : 2# я # o #
,। o 7 # # s # t * 2
k/ । d /c e 4 a# /, / 2* i,
я i #s h : c 2 * /&*। 2 #я /- #
#s ? a/ # e e #* #, 2
#s , ।
◌ # # m? o 2 * ?i? ic /c i #*।
3 ◌ m। o e %c *, , 2я# # я 2 я
e c । 2i %i-* h # я# 2- / # -
c। 2 * o #я #, # k R_ /।
-o :s, ki /#, e# cn # /।
# asi 2 #s =: k # , । 2
a/ / 3 2*, e%i kg# e , #
d 2 %i #я e ।
##
+ 3: ◌ ei 3 %i। 2। i# : 2:*। ।
3 ◌ ei /, , # %i, , ।
◌ e 2 # 2 /c। o %d# : :?
3 ◌ ? । a # #u# i। 7 ?k g= ?k, o 2i +
*। 2i %i-%i। 2 7 #я , # , #я#
$R= # - 7# ।
##
+ 3: ◌ oi :/i o a 2s :*। h+◌ #? 2*-*:# ?,
:# , %i- #: #:...
3 ◌ ? ##
+ 3: %i। /, o %i। я# /*
% #?, o 2 &#i s # u, । a : : s я# 4
i я#, #я #*। 2 #*i , ul
a:, + # -n 7 / *। rd a # ।
e # #я i # । 2 ei % s -
? /। #=, g a:, яя1।
, # 0=1 a# 2*।
(s ##я )
392
s d t n
s ◌ 2 o ,i । o g ?# # /#। o : s
/#।
##
+ 3: ◌ i i। o 2 a # j*, 2 : ।
3 ◌ * /, 7 7 # utя। /#, %Ën 7i /।
e #? o 2 # o a : # 2 us #*
k ,o.....
##
+ 3: ◌ o ' :। ei & - я । # % । ei
s # i। (- b)
(u h-h-, 2 o )
3 ◌ ? ## + 3: %i। e o# k # /। я ,
k/ # 2*, o o 0=1
R_ *। / %7: 3 ।
##
+ 3: ◌ /:+- 33 #i: i:।
(2 r 2 ,)
g
16 %m,
%m , 1971
s %i ◌ i e *? ’ e e ? / c, *3 :
#я # k= 2&# o । o * ?
◌ /:, % # *, #я #? 2*, #я 2, +' i
i s , e।
s %i ◌ / o 2। # e 2 #?1 4r #। i # b
o c।
◌ %i /*, e *। e e।
◌ 2+ , 2 e#& #_ / । /# j 2 ।
s %i ◌ % # 2*? %# я # , /।
◌ % , , ‘ i।’ яl / ,g #? #
#% 2 #u я ?
393
s d t n
s %i ◌ ’ #?& -#i ‘ i।’ g -#
, i /। *3 7:t o i #*i। o e#t ud: /c
¥ , k# 7 # o।
◌ 2o #nt # #*, oi я g# 3 , 2o 2
# । , - #я #, k/ ? d #
i।
◌ e& 2 #i /। trk /, lgя h/-/l
-·- # , # ?
◌ 2 #?&o i। 2 я d 2 7 #i।
s %i ◌ 2я# ei ? * 3 #& 7, p& s 7 2я
'+ 3* g।
◌ #nt e#& #я % /* s %i, #? 2* , я 2 tr
7 i। k/ e#? #nt ak ak #*- tr ,
ei g# 7 #*।
◌ #s gi ? , 2* { яl / #, o ##
, ? o e 7, , #u# , ? i #я #
, c, c।
◌ e я :i 2o e#& e#& # 7 #*। 2 g rd
e&# #я #, # 2 #*i /i । 2o ,
, k/ / ।
s %i ◌ /:+, ei t# s e n i
, ? ,3 u-*, 7 / 7#
j #*, # 2 # /। *3 2o e#& #= 2*-
ei 7 # / 2s o ?# ।
ae 2 g t я :, C: я : 2 $ d ,h
। ei /c я ##, e -+i i &।
◌ o# 2 k/ 3i %। ,·g, , -d& ni
я/я 2 ,c ।
◌ # ?
◌ 2 #3 / :o / я/я Gi 2*। astst 'i
я/я ei : a #& G *। *3 ## 2 e#& / я/яo
G *। e #3 / :o e d$1& $& #/ ,
/#,# *।
394
s d t n
◌ 4 я/яi , , d# #*i । d# # g c,
k/ g # G c। o e *, G¥o %,
o %।
◌ я # 2 i e#? % u, *। a : # pC i /।
2i &# g # 2i #, e / । e я :i
## 2 d& я/я ?# & e*, o-d&o
G*।
s %i ◌ cn l * 2 % , 2 ’। 2я
#?& # :। a?1P # %¥ 3*। e
## / / *&*। ?# /:o n / *। m
kt 2я яя %¥ *।
◌ e 7 & %¥ C *, я : &
uU o # * a #।
s % ◌ 4 &i -, # ego # uU i। , g e
k/ #bя, я : яl h : % : 2 , я&* , e 7d
?1 , oo 7d / * яl/ । a : #*
# 2।
◌ e#& #? яj #* s %i, , #g
/*?
s %i ◌ e# / 2470 я яl , 2 aC /* e
я# /* 2200 я । 24& # 3 Ys /*,
5& & s _ /*।
◌ % /*-‘ #1 C।’ # *, 7 # *।
7o pя ast / 3i # , я p# #
, e '*।
◌ 3i -& s %i।
s %i ◌ 2 k/ e#& grt0=1 3# a# s i # *,
3#& /c я-C3 :। ei 3# |1 d я#
*, e g k/ , k/ #я *। e 3i
45 я # e я 2/ /*। *3 p& ki 3i
,*।
◌ 3i 2 я /*। d * / 4r #*। &ci ki /
* s %i।
◌ 2s 2s i k / । h1 /, /। i s
%i?
395
s d t n
s %i ◌ -#i। 3i b ?# b / u-*। k/ 2k= ,&
яl/ * /& : /c। 2 3i #* ss0%1 , я
# ud # я :, 2 o h : % h :-d&
: CU a #। я : 2* k oi %3& h :
, g= ।
◌ e& e# +& : #?। # % я : я : я o
# # #? s %i? e ?# 3 d 2 # 2*? #nt ei g
' #?। i *o ।
◌ ‘% , R: ’।
◌ -# *- , % c। i/# -: +3 /,
ud , +, e# e# ।
s %i ◌ C я 2 * i, -# e#& я я :
, |$# i। # , e#& #? , i
# 2 : C# # c- ,i,
/ k/ #। g g # o, k e #я&
# a # /я, an/ C । g d+* o।
◌ 2c s %i। s %i * #, a # /, 2 u-।
◌ e#i , 2o ।
s %i ◌ /:+ ,, #? #? a # / *, , 2o i।
◌ # # e# 2 ? #, #? 2*।
s %i ◌ ,, i।
i ◌ ,।
30 %m, 1971
s %i ◌ d s e t#। k/ d # # e c 2
#s g p= % * /& c। , 2 2 я
2 #1 / /।
◌ 2 #1 2* s %i। 7 k # 3 * 4 *।
k/ i e c 7 i k aя1 #*।
s %i ◌ e& i s%# । 7 2 2¤s,
2 e k/ -# 7 %s।
396
s d t n
◌ 4 # я *। k/ & ,3। # 2 &
‘я ’ Y 3 e /я, 2 2
# !...# ? #?
%i ◌ 2 । #, #?...2 s %i *। 2 2#।
s %i ◌ o# 2। e %i। #? c?
%i ◌ #* c। # #* #3-,3 я 3 #*,
k -d# o я :, og 2।
◌ 2o #* я 3 #*, / go , 2 2 a :
#я 2&# 3 *, c ।
%i ◌ -# 2* । # l #* ।
◌ l , %i। : $& ।
s %i ◌ 4 # я * l #*।
%i ◌ #o 4 । 2o e# !
◌ *, s %i, $& & %3, # # । e : e#
3 7 /-U u- ‘, 2я & 2 *&
2* я :। 2 d 2 oi c 2,
di 3 + # # #? , / ।
C& # । g , 3, # , # +,, s
*।
s %i ◌ 7 % e nt R_ я : e k/ 2k= ?# я
+, я : e3 g ,, = 7 R: #* -
2 - #nt 2я ' *, 7 , $R=
#। k/ # 2 G# , #nt яl $R=
।
%i ◌ #?& #nt -#। a:, # 7 k ic# &
g '*।
s %i ◌ 2 2я яg i ‘3 & ’ am #*।
a *3 * /& c a& m0=1 j-3 7 # c।
-, && # c, 3$ m0=1 Y # c।
◌ i # 7# # ?
s %i ◌ , &i । e я :i 2 p cn * , ‘2 2
।
%i ◌ s %i, , /+& /+& l # # i, o ।
397
s d t n
◌ #?& -#i * %i। , s %i o i i, #я
#?o /, e#& l #o ।
◌ ....o ।
◌ #? #- 2 %i, #я #*।
%i ◌ 2o e * ,
◌ e e, s %io *, ।
s %i ◌ #3-,3 a # я 3 /* * । %i #*। a#R
a 7 я %7= #_ : #&*, k /o 7
ss | C*। a#R a 7 я #&* e#& %7#
$ :। ss i, n i, $ i, 2 i। e# g 2
я#- / я g 7 $ ?# 7 m&#
1n & # *। я -= я : : an #* #i
/। 2 #* я , Ù7t 2 #3-,3 я 3 # ।
◌ 2 7 # । i ei %& 2 /
*।
s %i ◌ 2я - e%i #*, # я : e
e* । 2я ss0% 1 7 #я # , i
#। # #я di kg# /: # । k/ я :
, +3, tr as e a? k/ g k
, o kg , o kg# /: #*।
◌ d -& #* s %i।
◌ / 2i - #:n n #* 3i ,*। #:n n
u , 2$ / *। e# 2 яl/ я я o я :
o # *। & %0 /c 2 2# 3*।
%i ◌ #? 4 *? k/ # e C #
e ,*। ? * i # *। * i C ?# t
, i 0।
◌ e# 2 4 , +, 3 k/ 2 & # я :
# Cdя i ,_ ,c।
%i ◌ ,_ #i, #nt /। k/ êk #*, $+& k
#*।
◌ ¦# / / s= /c। ##& ê 2g
g , k /*।
s %i ◌ k/ e p& k U। s-- ? :s
1s। pя я t -a#R a ?# e# % 1n
3 *।
398
s d t n
s / ,# +3 /*। # & n: 2 i n /
। ¦# я gя d’/я k pst, # /0 1 '+
3 ।
%i ◌ k/ e# ' i/ +,? 3 # k $+& 3
*।
◌ e# 2 d’, :i я/- я /o uk।
k/ 17 я я#, я # n # e *। 2 h
iC 2 g ud # e*।
◌ e я :i g e ? +я*।
s %i ◌ 2 #?? e o i 2¤ ,c #:n ng। 2
k/ ? rd # c। e g *3 -*&
as ?-$& k/ / ## g *।
#s 60& &:# : 17&i 3*। / 18&
: +,& i। -2#? 2 3# #?o s i
।
◌ $d k# 7 k # p,` p= c e ।
◌ 2 , #nt 2 0 ।
%i ◌ # , #?1 /, e #3-,3g o, 2 2
/ c, , ।
◌ ei c %i।- o, # 2 #* , 4 e ।
%i ◌ 2c।
s %i ◌ ,, 2 / i। ,।
6 Gm,
Gm, 1971
s %i ◌ e 2 d1 an# 7 / 2*। e 2
k/ d1 e ,*। tr e# e# k/
/c। k sR $&* । a:, яя1 7
e C* ss |। k * я 2|। 2я
2 я /* d& #=। e#& /- 2 k/ # #%
2 /: # i #l / e d& /- :
k 1s я 2 2 s%# e n # 3
। e #я n/ i grt0=1। a: я : ,n 2 # ,
# kg я p& :k 2 2 t e #1:
g , ,_ e un। 2 %% 2 #1k |।...#
: %i #* #?
%i ◌ #s яlg я $+& *3 2 g-3$
j-3 7 # c। e я : 2 # #? 2 #% /:
# , 2 ।
399
s d t n
◌ /:+ s %i, %i -#i *। p:#& я e#i # a :
#* o। 2 d o #% /: # 2।
s %i ◌ % /: # 2। p? a o e a:,
#*, #* + & & 2 k = я /।
sc# / a:, 7# 24 /: # /। as-
2/ # ,#U я : o7t /।
◌ 2 #nt 2 #* o7t , #3-,3 я 3 # *। 2#
i 2 #я , ।
s %i ◌ / i pst। p& 7# । *& *& % #
#я % /*, _ RRn p/0 1 pst ?#।
%i ◌ #? * s %i। i :i ##& /:# , *।
o7t, #3-,3o - o /*। 2 #* я # *।
s %i ◌ % #*। 3i % b /c, я 2 0
। яl/ 7+g e# e# %¥ 2 k # ।
◌ e# k/ , #_, я я 2 ##& ?
# *।
%i ◌ 4 i #? 2k= / #Cdя / ?#
#/ C g3 / : /*।
◌ k/ 2k= #Cdя e ,+,c ‘o, o’। e o
2я e / # o / , 7 2 ?
?# # #?
◌ c -d-$ - -|-/ n-2ti 2 %1
i+d G । 2 / e ' 'i c,
k/ #* ।
◌ /: sgi n / *। ?, 3# 2 ?
n, e# 2 ?o n / uk।
/& n cn # *।
s %i ◌ s :sg cn / g e 2 a :
# ? ?# , / / R: , 2t1=। e $&i /,
/ :। i/ 1n#% o я *,
/ 7 /o *3 u i।
◌ e# 4 * / | ? & # /&
n& $ C* , e ?# / я : ,,
/: # /:d: - e# n-
400
s d t n
%i ◌ k/ & $+&& # * ।
u k # / 2$ / я :
k= e c।
s %i ◌ k/ k / m0=1 ard # C* e C
# p,` 2k= , k/ d я ,
' i#` e я e# ?# h : 3 #*।
◌ k/ я я ? # *। , 3 ?# t
## i 0 ei ? । e k/ b -# + #
e # *। e# 2 $ e#& /
/ / ?# m0=1 k / *।
◌ k/ e 2$ / * ?#i * /&*।
/ *, * o-o % e ‘i C, i C’ 4r #*।
%i ◌ , e#& n 2, /c। : 4r #* Cя, # #
/*, e { /# #?1 ।
s %i ◌ # dя i ?, k/ #l я & grt0=1 e#
# *। i m0=1 cn # C*। ei
e#g / e я#&।
%i ◌ k k/ p,` 2k= # % -k G& ?# #
яl/ *। k / ?# i 0 %-
k G / k/ я 3i ,*।
◌ #_ я #?o /। я k/ ; e#
2 я ? ut-01 2n3 e k/ । ,Gc
: k/ -p,` 3i ,*।
s %i ◌ 2 3। #?& -#i। g3 я k/ 2#n ? 22
я # :# #*। 2 +,* dя , 2
k/ #* 2t1= #*।
◌ # я g *, i 2k= , =
/ 7 *, 3$ _ # C*।
s %i ◌ #nt i # 7 %¥ ? । #
o k / । 7 2 , 2 #- / u-*।
d #_o 7 %¥ 3 ।
401
s d t n
◌ e k u ! "я $r "&; ( "&, *

"+&, * & ,।
s /i ◌ e" 1" $ &? 3" 4 4"nd, "s p /8 e"
n !: 4;&। 4;! 1k= 4 >n o "Aso sb !:
4;&।
/i ◌ o ! /C, /C, ; so n !: 1 । !i !।
s /i ◌ ", d 1( !, 1 4 $ , e 1 1
a E 1( : 1 ।
: ◌ s /i। 1o "я "F $ ।
s /i ◌ : 4 , 4: "я p( 1&। 4 d-"I яя> "
nt 4। " 4;s g&: c, !E "। "
nt 4o: /C ;N 4 "я 4 !E "
(: 4। e "я /+ 4i !। &N : 4:
1! d 1! 4 " :to 4 !। 1 "
e "я+ /i 4, i ?
: ◌ !EP, s /i। // । 1 1 : ei "яi "&,
" ! 1 ":"я " : ।
s /i ◌ /i, -4 "я ! 1! a s 1Q: :
1 , ,N 4 E !E " e E e 1Q:!
я E E e 1Q: Es "।
/i ◌ , ! 1 ut N: c, o i "я ", 1 4
4& : S>N: ( o।
◌ !EP, 1 S>N: F", s /i 1 4? 1 T T
d- d , "/ "я " ! e"+ 4: $ : ।
s /i ◌ U: 1 я:;: , 1 : 4 ; ; F", 1
4 , " 1 e : e , "g > 1&, 4 g я : 4।
1 e"+ "я ", a++ я E ; ;lgя
", d > s : 1-1( "। 1 !EP, :
,P+ , o (* g "nt aEi 4я;N "।
◌ X" 1&, ! 1 i। : ( i, 4" N 4YP& :
1 ।
: ◌ ( uX, s /i ! 4;।
s /i ◌ 1c।
/i ◌ ! s /i, ( 1o i।
s /i ◌ (।
(( o ( s*я ! )

402
s d t n
tS
19। s 4 4"nd --- ...1971
p( ;
(e")
я: я:।।
! ! !, ! U:
4"+ p= e" F 4я;& an
S > uX ei 4 :।।
p, /

(i 4 an।
1 k +"" d&
k k r=E।।
4 i--/:
!: !u" k pE k:
1 " " " /:।
a" &: 4 P
!: 4;& e" sb।
(" $ 1я r= !!"
1 b "n b।।
( 4=
"
X nt।
j h" g /
g я and।
1-- :
ei я:
1 " " " /:।
я: я:।।
("F-;я я!r 1 :)

403
s d t n
(di)
4 e"+ *" P( d "
4 e"+ ! я E ast ।।
4 + ( 1 aj

я * * 4 sp 1P"
4 am 4 4&
+ я 4 + ; ast ।।
e"+ " d "-

4 e"+ ; я E d "
4 e" / & я E d "
4 m n P( 1я" N।।
4 4p 1 k 4

4 $ : ! 1 m /
4 ;g!" s;> d:
4 i n P( F "।।
4 e"+ *" P( d "

4 e"+ ! я E 1я ast ।।
("F-4;n !)
( )
1 e" k 4

gE F (
"/ " /: " ।
gE : ( ! ।
d ! я h k
p= 4 S > k
jF 4 & d
j я: ! U:
(& e dя>: k F।
404
s d t n
1 P & e

4 i j !!" 4 i h ।
k C 1я p
k 4 i ;=d
j S> nt
e 1
(& 4 tr" : ।
("F-4 o:я 4! )
(()
( 4 ( "

1я 4я;& ei я , ei я ।।
4 g, 4 *P ,
4 "; 4= 4
o я ei я ei я ।।
4 /: 1 ,
*P "X T ।
4 я !я,
"яN ; (।
X" 4 ei я ।।
p p= 4:&, p= 4:&।

k k /я p= 4:&।।
я: ks p= 4:&।
*P "X я :
p= 4:& p= 4:&।।
g ,: "я &PN p= 4:&,
p= 4:& ei я ।
s >! 4 (।
4 i N я ;= : ।।
k 4: (i !
: F 4! ।
405
s d t n
k : 4 !

: F 4! ।
X" 4 ei я ।।
( 4 ( "

1я 4я;& ei я , ei я ।।
("F- 4(Y)
(P()
4 4 4
4" 4
4 : P+
P+
4(: P+ +
1 яn/S +।।
я d :
!: " " F।
" "
" j g= " !я ।
e & 1: S > e
1P F 4
1 ... ... ... ।।
ei + ,:& a

*", *", " "
" , " u
:& я , 4: 4 ।
k E : e

,:& + 4
1 +
1 яn/S +।
("F-1d *)
406
s d t n
(&:)
4&+ N "

; s *"
1 e 4, , ।।
4 i 4// 4!F ( 1 (,

4 i 4// 4!F " 1 "।
!n, , 4Yd, gI 4 e" "
j F 1я (" , e"
e" !: 4;& 1 4 4 4" p=
я, n, ;я> 1!
= $ e"i ।।
( я *"

*" s ;
1 e 4, , ।
N 4&+ "
4&+ N "
1 e ... ।।
("F o l-Fnd F :)
( )
я g (i,

1 g (i
я g (i।।
! a :, m

P( a" "N
>" "N
a;= p== d
(i (i,
я g (i
1 g (i।।
407
s d t n
p= p/ p

4!" 1P &d
1 : F
"+ d।
:& n 1o 4 ss

:& m 1 4 as
p:я ! 4 e" k
4!" F ps k

a t ( ,>
e" 4 !N +i
(i (i
я g (i
1 g (i।।
! Fy 1o zs

"g : (t
1: s kE t
( 1;i gp।
1 F ds d;>

F a;= j
4 4"+ 4"+ a
1 4( 4( 4! ag
" z ।
ei " t " X a;>

4" 1 4 /Ci
k p= N 1 i।
1 F pp sk

S ag яi
(i (i
я g (i
1 g (i।
("F- "n 1 я*)
408
s d t n
(1+)
k e"i F g

a ( a( 4= rd
d!-k/-T"-h"
1= ,, p(8 ud
g- g- g!]
k m 4/ :

я a" " >
, , ;N& dя>: p d;>
1я p! "i "।
k 4(,

T 1 E
gF " ",
4"N 4 : -4 m
e kF 1я 1, 1,
" -
P( я E /: : 4

pj "& 1я 4 N
"+: я d T t
e" gF ;Ni ;N।
("F-!d i )
( :)
! ei 43u: ;

1 "’я T
! & k " 4।।
я "+ d "
p= : j "
я ! i।
409
s d t n
,-N X" i
-t я i
( X" X" i।।
я $ ( !

e i !
1 4 ; T 4।।
я C " +

* b ;n 4" я
4яEs gE 4( N
o 4 / "/ " ।।
i 4Yd TN

1" 4/C N
4&PN 1o &PN :।।
!& 4: dE 1:

!X 4" 4 n 4
4 b 4/ ;:।।
i !

4: !
i TN uX" ;।
! ei 43u:
; 4।।
(l 1 ! o j)
()
a" gF 4
r rd S> 1я।।
4 ( :/ 4 i "

4 я E E "
4 i 4 1я !:& k я।।
410
s d t n
4 4 & 4 * /

4 4 & / 4,
1, 1, 4 i + 4(Y( ! 1я।।
4 :"я e" & "я /

4 !я e" & 4s! p : 4,
4 h: nt 1я ;я uX& я।।
("F S 1 d")
(e;)
ki 4*+
я *
*+"
, *+"
, *+"
।।
1,i я

p/
я" , я" , я" ।।
; ; ; 4я& ag ;
S E
4"+ p= я>
g ,("
, ,("
।।
e" e" e"

!:& i e"
1 " d>"
kb & (i (
p:-T uX" , uX" ।।
("F :
!")
411
s d t n
()
4 C 4 : 4 4! 4!

!o: " 4 Y" e
4я: / : o
k X P j P: o
e gI 4 4& "F 4/
S ;n S > F
gI 4& s
я 1 sp 1я
: "& /N
h: 4 k 1
1 d: 4।
("F u ;o!)
(4)
a " k :& 1

4 4 1, e я =
1" 4я;& "P
1: C "& =।।
, , j& ag

! k 4
1, 1, 4/j& !N
4/j& o n;=।।
" " 4 1: >!,

k F 4/j& n "।।
4/j& 4/j& F P

o o j 4 4 ।।
a " k :& 1

4 4 1 e я =।
("F +, ei(, ")

412
s d t n
(4(Yd)
S> ;n S > uX&

k , k , k
4я: e &
k , k , k ।।
P 4&PN !:& ",
!:& ", !:& "।।
4= 4 !: 1

aE( "P 1я t
k 1g p ;N
: : , : ।
1 4 : uNo
k я" p: =
dE ; !u" a/ ।
&PN 4* trя, trя।।
("F-4;n !, - : )
( )
e" ; k :

s 1
1 4 / ।।
d ! e 4 "" F 4:

4= ; &PN
1 4 / ।
; n !

k e 1
1 4 / ।।
413
s d t n
"= "= ; ;

d-4, "
u e"
1 n T"
4 T"g !।
s ;N F
4 (
1 4 / ।।
("F-4;n !, o l-sp :)
(4)
!я

" ! s=,
1 h: 4 4 (i
sg (=।।
: /: "F

s 1: F(
! : 4; p=
4 i sg : 4;: i ;
я: =।।
/i: " k 1я"

k j " "
g 1я ! я
"A
! /i: s=।।
C

я: 4 : ( k 3
1 4: , , j
,(: 1P "-
! sg =।।
("F-*я-e 4)
414
s d t n
( )
4 : 4N 4

"& 4"?
gF 4: 1
я !।।
E = 4 *
& 4 4 /
T> ’4: 4
S> ag
ag! 4 sp
g "& 4"?
1 4(:& k an
e"+ 4s! N
; o ! "
& 4/ /N।।\
4 + 1 *

* "P( 4
( : 4"N
!: un
ei C " k
E ! 4"?
gF 4: 1
я !।।
("F, o l-" 1 Pi )
(1X)
4"+ 1я p! p
, j&,
n; e !:& :,
F 4 4: "&।।
415
s d t n
n; 1я 4(: &,

1я" " , &,
+, g=,
4i "F &।।
n a " 4 :&,

a " !:& ",
n /& 4 e
h: "& F।।
k (i " 1

1я" 4" m 1,
p=, ;
1g j&।।
("F- o: я! )
(u )
E" 4: + 4Nя
" " N: "
/: : t
a": aя; g
"я
4&PN 4N :
: ।।
, : ei P+ kn

/C /i 4: kn
!
4: " !:।।
d> E 4NяN

" ei C 4/
: 4X 4!i ei
4 4 !।।
416
s d t n
"N ! 1& "

!: " :
g E
" 4: " ":।।
(1 " d")
("N)
4 , e"+ я 4F"

k я "As z , pz
1" uX =।
, 1 ।।
4 i я " 4( 4X F,

1 e * 1
! " 1 4 * ।
l "E 4"F: 1& !:
e 4 4।।
m " 4 , яr ,

я n r
r 4 4 i" 4, ।
‘я: ’ 1 e 4" /,
1 ! " 1 4 * ,
an" " uX 1 =।
("F-4;Yp n я, o l-a$ :)
(e")
aE( = " j: o।

/E oi E/S j: o।
tr! (& " "
" ; N k 4F"
417
s d t n
1! g
4 "F+ я : o
a S !N"X
4 : STN
o g",
g" /:-
4

4 1я
k 4/ Pя 4/j
! "я &P N
1g j: o।
("F-1 я!)
(i)
1 4 4 я,

4 4 4 я,
4 4 4 я,
4 4 я,
1! ’ 4" "i& uя।
o 1 1l: P "i " * 4
1 1 "& T,
o E 1 1 "& T।।
1 4 4 я,

4 4 я,
; 4 4 я,
4 4 я,
1я 4 4 !i& 4 E+
o E+ " +, 4 я X+ 4
(" E E+,
e (" E E+।।
418
s d t n
!i n 4 я,

яi n 4 я,
" n 4 я,
3 n 4 я,
1! e n 1 i।
o я p= i: " E /i 4,
1i /i P " PNi
o e 1i /i P " PNi।।
("F o -!*я ! )
(4i)
o ;,
4" 1 & 1 :।।
o ;, ............।
: "n, "t "n, "n i:!: !:।।

d i "n, / N :, "n!।
o ;,.........।
1 *Pn 1 n +k 4(Y , b 4।।\

1n 4 i 4(+ &i n" ।।\
;,.............।
яE + X" / "।

1 ":
! я!, o i ! я!।
o *g &N
4 + " &N
X gP:
я P( 1
o 4 я P( 1।
419
s d t n
"o:

4" 4 b।।
n" &N , u , o i।।
u: 1; 4"
;i 4(+ 4"N /; / N ;:
! Ni: "n e /-i:!:, +k-i:!:
o ;,
4" 1 & 1 :।
("F-! :, l-Fnd F :)
((b)
o 1 4 " 4 ।।

4 ! : я &
4 я я ।।
4 4" 1 1&,

4 &।।
4 d( z "
!: 1& b ।।
" " :

uN: 4 я ।।
4 4 " d
g" /: "i ।।
: 1& 4,

4 ,
": я
P ,
e"+o ।
4 "& i ,

4 " o ।।
e !i& , ! !
p= /: 1 P( ।।
("F, o l-h 1 ")

420
s d t n
(P()
4 * 4"N ,

я-",
4 /i 4 " ।।
Xi: 4 4,
b ,।।
4 i: !i,

i , 4P( i।।
e T: 4 /i "
4" : 4 ।।
! я;
/ :
e T" j
! k=।।
4 я:z "...j

4я& " g ।।
4 4 я: !:&
ei / ।।
("F, o l-! 1 ")
(&b)
o o j,
d , 4 i ।।
4 i: 4
k "i ।।
, i:!:-
$ 4;& !i:।।
/i /i !i:
" 1я e ,+ ।।
421
s d t n
" 1 ,o ,:

(i: 4 1я !,
o a : 4 ।।
o j-
r/S , ,
e i i।।
(o g d 4я
e"+o p= i ।।
("F, o l-! 1 ")
[ 1-4 ; h 4(Y m :" ‘a " k e"+ я’, 5-16 ; ‘4 m 1979’, 17-23 ;
h 4(Y ( gn ‘e"t =j ’ e 24-26 ; s 4 4"nd t 4F" "।’]
422
s d t n
tS
20। s 4 4"nd 4F" p( s 4 я -4 pm, 1971
iя a uя " 4"nd t
NEWS COMMENTARY
19 я , 1971
With the postponement of the forthcoming meeting of the Aid-to-Pakistan

Consortium of World Bank begins a new phase in the international response to the
genocidal war in Bangladesh-formerly the majority wing of Pakistan. The
postponement is particularly significant because this is for the first time in the 86-day
old war between the people of Bangladesh and the Pakistani military junta that the big
aid-giving powers including USA and Britain have spoken in silent but real terms
about their dislike of what is happening in the East. After all, the Consortium is not a
charitable organisation. It grants interest-carrying loans only when it feels that the
recipient country can guarantee the safety of both principal and interest. It does not
require an expert to see that the genocidal war has made Pakistan totally bankrupt.
Although the Newsweek has quoted a very low price for Pakistani rupees at the
international money market, the reality is that Pakistani rupees is not saleable at all.
Eye-witness reports from such open money markets as Beirut, Hong Kong and
Bangkok indicate that buyers would not even touch Pakistani rupee let alone naming a
price however low. Pakistan is trying to find a temporary relief by borrowing from
rich Arab sheikhdoms. But they, too, are business men and are not likely to prove too
eager to throw large amounts of gold down the one-way drains of Pakistan's
dwindling economy.
The World Bank team that visited Bangladesh last week quickly saw through the
carefully fabricated veil of deception put up for them by Yahya's henchmen.
According to its report, widespread famine is just round the corner in Bangladesh.
Peter Cargil, Chairman of the World Bank Aid-Pakistan Consortium, has talked only
about possible increased food, aid prior to his departure from Karachi. Through the
diplomatic euphemisms of his comments it has become clear that the World Bank
wants Pakistan to find a political solution of the problem in the East before further
economic aid can be considered with seriousness, Almost simultaneously comes a
similar statement from William Rogers, US Secretary of State, He, too, has stressed
upon a political settlement of the war in Bangladesh for what he termed as lasting
peace in the sub-continent. France, Canada and Japan- three other members of the Aid
Pakistan club are presumably thinking on the same line,
iя /Eg ‘1! 4(Y’ &d 1; " (।
423
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Thus two clear-cut world opinions are polarizing fast on Bangladesh issue. The
public opinion around the world, greatly molded by extensive press reporting, is
clearly in favor of recognizing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his party as the sole legal
and moral spokesman for the people of Bangladesh. They are convinced that after the
genocidal war of the Army junta over the people of Bangladesh the very basis of
Pakistan has now vanished and that the people of Bangladesh must be granted
independence forthwith. They are genuinely worried about a serious threat to
international peace in the area.
The second opinion is that of Western governments. It has been rather slow in
crystallizing, but is clearly bringing pressure now upon Yahya regime to seek political
solution of the problem. If the lunatic generals are in a listening mood they are likely
to be tempted by the proposal because it offers them sufficient room for political
maneuvering without conceding anything. A Hurry of proposals and counter
proposals would buy them sufficient time during which to make a yet another frantic
effort to find money for footing the bill of the mad adventure-an adventure that aims
at a total colonization of Bangladesh, at least for a few decades. It would be foolish to
expect that a fascist army that undertakes and executes a mass extermination
programme without any armed provocation whatsoever would agree willingly to a
political settlement.
If, as a repercussion, thousands of Muslims die in the communally vulnerable
area; of India, Pakistani junta could not care less. All they want is a political
advantage over India. Those Muslims of India who have been showing their
allegiance to the Pakistan Junta and are finding it difficult even to sympathise with
great misery perpetrated by the junta on the people of Bangladesh should note this
point. They should also note the treatment that is being meted out to the refugees from
India in various West Pakistan provinces, particularly in West Punjab. However, the
Indian Prime Minister has more than once expressed her determination to counter the
vicious Pakistani plot and ha: already taken measures against communal violence in
India.
The world must act now—not only in the interest of the captives and displaced o
Bangladesh but also in its own interest. It must recognize the legitimate, popularly
elected government of Bangladesh and arrange for the total withdrawal of the
invading army of, Yahya. Only this can ensure a political stability in the region.
...я
...я , 1971
Western governments, although still inadequately, are showing signs of
awakening l the gigantic refugee problem that Pakistani Army junta has inflicted with
deliberation upon India. According to reports, Relief goods are pouring in daily in
Calcutta. These are being distributed speedily among the suffering millions in the
camps. The quantum of aid is expected to rise over the coming weeks. But this should
not encourage too much hop in the sufferers inside and outside Bangladesh. The
sympathy for the refugees m N international community may continue indefinitely,
but, the aid pipeline is most certain to
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dry up gradually before the end of the year. Naturally, one could not possibly expect
the donor countries to go on bearing such a heavy burden indefinitely. So what
happens in the end? The load again passes on to the hard-pressed economy of India.
But can India absorb such a shock? No.
Thus a permanent solution must be found immediately before the sub-continent
develops into another bloody trouble spot of the world. The Pakistani junta seems to
have been fairly successful in the propaganda field in its effort of diverting the world
attention from the cause to the effect, from the criminal to the crime. The world seems
to be more keen on arranging temporary relief for refugees who have crossed the
border than on containing hordes of Yahya who were not only responsible for the
crisis but are bent upon delaying the inevitable solution, namely, a free political
climate, honorable and suitable for the refugees to go back eagerly to their homes.
They cannot go back as long as the occupation army that murdered their dear ones
and uprooted them with senseless brutality remain on the soil. The world must equally
wake up to fate of the millions of captives who for various reasons failed to leave
their country and are now desperately marking time in a state of terror. Deliberate
destruction of food grains and food crops all over the occupied area has made an
unprecedented famine a sure possibility. Because of the almost total disruption of the
communication system, distribution of food-stocks that escaped destruction has
become impossible. Already famine looms large over the districts like, Barisal,
Patuakhali and Faridpur. Since Pak Army's carnage people have been subsisting on
summer fruits before they could even ripen. By the end of May, all green mangoes,
jack-fruits, bananas and whatever was humanly edible were exhausted. Price of rice
shot up from Rupees forty a maund i.e. 80 pounds to Rs. 90 a maund. A match box
costs 50 paisa. There is no salt, no sugar or tea. Nobody, rich and poor alike, has the
money to buy anything. Pakistan Army soldiers and officers not only destroyed
market places and food grain stocks but also robbed every household of cash money
and gold. Overnight thousands of families were reduced to beggary. But there is none
left rich enough to give them alms.
This is the state of affairs that these lunatic generals of Pakistan are bent upon of
continuing unless there is a superior power either to eliminate them or to force them
to call off the mad adventure. The heavy casualty among the young officers has given
rise to some dissension within Pakistan army. A coup d'etat cannot be ruled out. But
the world cannot go on waiting silently for that to happen, nobody knows when……
20 яi,
i, 1971
A frightened Yahya has threatened war. The desperate man has now brought out
his last card in the game of international deception and blackmail that he has been
playing ever since he let loose his primitive hordes to massacre innocent human
beings in Bangladesh. In an interview with a correspondent of the Financial Times of
London he has threatened India with war if, as he liked to put it, India captured any
part of East Pakistan. He even hinted that if he declares War on India he will not be
alone-meaning
425
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he will be backed by some other stale in his aggression. This is, indeed, yet another of
the series of political blunders that he and his accomplices have been committing ever
since March i, the day he dealt a lethal blow to the re-emergence of democracy in
Pakistan and paved the way toward total disintegration 25 days later. Yahya's threat is
an expression of extreme frustration that usually makes appearance prior to a nervous
breakdown. This is, in reality, a public admission of the precarious War position in
Bangladesh. He has now admitted that Pak Army, has lost positional control over vast
areas of Bangladesh.
According to reports from various fronts, Pakistan Army has been retreating in all
sectors following massive inspired attacks by the Liberation Forces. In the western
sector, Pak Army suffered particularly heavy casualties and almost whole of Kushtia
district has been recaptured by Mukti Bahini.
Observers believe that the significant setbacks suffered by the Pakistan Army in
this sector has been mainly responsible for Yahya's threat of war on India. Naturally
he is accusing India for territories that his occupation army lost to Mukti Bahini. How
could he admit that his 'invincible' army has been putting up a pathetic show against
the ill-equipped but superbly inspired youths of Bangladesh Liberation Forces? The
pretending that his men were losing to mighty India is a desperate attempt at an
artificial resuscitation of, at least, his own moral. But the world knows better. Scores
of foreign journalists have toured the liberated areas of Bangladesh. They have also
visited the camps of Mukli Bahini miles inside Bangladesh territory and talked with
the commanders and commandos.
Foreign Television networks shot films of Mukti Bahini operations from war
fronts. Their reports would easily testify that Indians have nothing to do with the
liberation war. As a matter of principle the war is being fought only by the dedicated
citizens of Bangladesh. The cause of their spectacular success has been, not a grand-
scale fire power, but a supreme sense of dedication. They are fighting for the
liberation of their motherland. Pakistan invaders, even though they bristle with
armoury, will never match their spirit and moral armament. But Yahya and his
accomplices are too drunk with their narcissistic madness to be able to recognize this.
After all the war does not threaten the clique or their families. As thousands of dumb
soldiers die thousands of miles away in the muddy, rain-soaked jungles of Bangladesh
these officers enjoy the cool comforts of officers mess and company of international
call-girls. Swiss banks are looking after the safety of their private fortunes-fortunes
that they accumulated robbing Bangladesh and Pakistan for the coming rainy day.
When the army rank and file discover their vicious motives and make things too hot-
they will have chartered Boeings to fly them with their families to the safety of Swiss
villas.
The darkly hint that Yahya will not be alone when he commits aggression against
India shows that he has still remained the schoolboy bully he always was. Obviously
he has forgotten that China never ventured outside her borders since Korea. Even the
US-backed invasion of Laos could not stir her up. Whether she will come in direct
military confrontation with India just to please Yahya's fascist junta is a question that
is not too difficult to answer. On the other hand, India is no......to be frightened by the
426
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desperate muscle-flexing of a militarily sterile-and deeply frightened gang leader such

as Yahya. Moreover, Yahya's self-deceiving presumption that India is friendless once
again points out his total back of political understanding.
8 1;s,
1;s, 1971
With Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko's significant visit to New Delhi
probably begins the decisive stage of the Bangladesh Liberation Struggle. The Soviet
Government has reportedly given clear indications about its support for India if
Islamabad military junta with American and Chinese approval chooses to declare war
against India in its frantic and clearly suicidal effort to avert military defeat in '
Bangladesh in the hands of the Bangladesh Liberation Forces. This resolute stand of
Soviet Government may well mean an end to Yahya's war cries as both Nixon and Lin
Piao are not likely to risk a world war with unthinkable consequences just to save the
ugly faces of Yahya and his accomplices. In other words, the possibility of Indo-
Islamabad military conflict has now become a great deal remoter than it seemed even
a few days ago. And that means the failure of Yahya junta to internationalize the
Bangladesh issue with a view to crushing the liberation struggle.
Political observers believe that the Chinese, even the American stand on the issue
might experience qualitative changes during the coining weeks-the weeks that are
sure to 3ve crucial for the future of Bangladesh, West Pakistan and South East Asia.
The Indian protest against American military and economic aid to Islamabad junta is
certain have discernible effect on Nixon Administration. India has informed
Washington that e considers such aid as hostile acts against India as Yahya's war
threats were direct consequences of American support. The Indian denouncement is
likely to have telling effects on American domestic politics. Nixon, by what now
gradually appears to be a short-sighted policy, has alienated the largest democracy in
the world but has gained-thing tangible yet from the Chinese front in return. While
India is definitely moving .t of the sphere of American influence, China is still
sounding no less belligerent so far U. S. Imperialism is concerned. Nixon is yet to not
any concrete gain to prove to the voters that Peking has been floored and the threat of
revolutionary communism has been eliminated to justify the sacrifice of U. S.
influence over India that was cultivated with so much sweat after Indo-Chinese border
clash in 1962, China in her own interest may not concede an ideological sell-out to
USA just to gain an entry at the United Nations without which she has been doing not
so badly so far. Finally, comes the cruel treatment of the people of Bangladesh by
President Nixon. Despite comparatively poor publicity of the genocidal crimes of
Yahya junta in the United States politically conscious people in general were shocked
by the way Nixon lined up with the murderers. This proved an added burden over a
conscience already badly bruised over Vietnam. In his desperate attempt at getting a
hold over the Chinese plum Nixon did not have the time even to use- publicity media
to create opinion in favor of the Pakistani fascists, Now if Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is
murdered as has been threatened by Yahya regime when Nixon could easily secure
his personal safety and release, that would mean really the point of no return '' him.
With such a poor record Nixon would surely prove a very bad runner at the 1972
presidential elections.
427
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It is not that Nixon does not realize the mess he has got himself in during last few
weeks. What then could be his strategy to avert his impending political disaster for the
Republicans. His first move is likely to be to find a 'political solution' short of
impendence for Bangladesh and get Sheikh Mujib to consent to it. As Yahya junta has
made the scene too messy to make them presentable at a conference table one should
not surprised to see the good old CIA back at its favorite game and pull off a coup
d'etat by a group of so-called moderate generals.
Field reports by American officials still staying in Bangladesh must have
convinced him that, let alone victory a military defeat is imminent for the Pakistani
army caught in Bangladesh. If Nixon succeeds in saving the surviving army personnel
here Pakistan would still remain tied to US apron strings out of sheer gratitude.
On the other hand, the Chinese stand on the issue no longer appears rigid. Peking
radio has remained quiet over the issue for an unusually long time. The latest all-out
American support for the Pakistani junta must have brought home to them the reality
of Sino-Pak friendship based on nothing else but a common hatred against India.
Despite all those arms and interest-free economic aid etc. Pakistan has always
remained very much a baby of the White House. This is a reality that must taste rather
unpalatable to the foreign Relation experts in Peking. Recently, discernible
indications are there of a charged Chinese attitude toward India. Now with Indian
disenchantment with American friendship may begin a newer phase in Indo-Chinese
relationship because, until now, the major Chinese objection was against Indo-
American understanding. On this side, Indian political leaders of almost all the major
parties including the ruling Congress Party are increasingly expressing opinions in
favor of a serious review of the Indo-Chinese cold confrontation. All these new
developments certainly encourage prediction of an international atmosphere favorable
to the future of Bangladesh. With the series of spectacular successes of the Mukti
Bahini on the battle field and their increasing might and capability to go soon for a
positional warfare to liberate and hold the occupied areas of Bangladesh comes the
possibility of the recognition of the Government of Bangladesh by more than one
country. The month of August is sure to prove the most significant for the liberation
struggle of Bangladesh.
12 1;s,
1;s, 1971
I can't help repeating my fear once again. The question of the moment-Is Sheikh
still .alive? Has he not been done away with by the maniacs before Yahya's sudden
declaration of the date of trial with shortest possible notice-a notice of precisely 48
hours? Why they hurry? Sheikh was not running away ! He was in their hands and far
away from the; battlefield where defeat is engulfing the Pak army not too slowly and,
quite steadily. There must be a greater reason behind the timing of the trial than a
mere wish to show the .florid their kind of justice.
Sheikh had been kept incommunicado since his arrest. Nobody other than his vile
captors has seen him. Of course, Begum Sulaiman, daughter of late Shahid
Suhrawardy and presently a quisling of the military junta, claimed in Dacca late lust
May that she has
428
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met Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at the military jail in Attock in her bid to make the lead
agree to a so-called compromise formula devised by the killer generals. Apparent
Sheikh has told her to mind her own business. Even if this story is true, it is more th
seven weeks now that no one has visited Sheikh to be able to tell the world about the
stat" of his physical and mental health. Only Yahya himself conceded to a foreign
journalist sometime ago that Sheikh was keeping bad health because the food supplied
by the army was proving disagreeable.
There were also rumours that the leader was being subjected to inhuman torture r
would not be surprised if it is true. It is a public fact that Yahya hated his guts. For a
man almost totally devoid of civilized sensibilities fully trained by the British in
colonial arrogance unarmed Sheikh's refusal to be browbeaten or to give in to army
threat had consumed Yahya's brittle patience in no time.
Let me refer to his speeches since the day he declared the postponement of the
national assembly session after consulting Bhutto and ignoring totally the majority
party leader. He accused Sheikh of his failing to come to a so-called "consensus" with
Bhutto but forgot his manners totally in the anger. While he referred to the villain as
Mr. Bhutto, Sheikh was being referred to as Mujib. For a man raised in British-style
army mess such lapse of courtesy could not have been an oversight. It easily betrayed
his total dislike of the personality. In his next speech on 6th of March in which he
grudgingly agreed to call the national assembly session on March 25 he again insulted
Sheikh in the same manner, in fact added a crude venom every time he pronounced
the name. In his speech of March 26 we noticed the repetition of the bad manner once
again. It was clear that nothing would please Yahya more than to see Sheikh dead.
A deliberately leaked-out information alleging that Sheikh......had refused a
defense counsel provided an added ground to the suspicion about a foul-play. Outside
world did not have any contact with Sheikh. How could the refusal-to-defend story
reach the world press unless with Yahya's collaboration? Doesn't this "refusal story'"
come very handy if the so-called trial is meant to be cover-up for an already
committed crime? Particularly when everybody knows that Sheikh would never have
agreed to be tried by a foreign military court. The mystery has been further hardened
by the reported transfer of Mrs. Mujibur Rahman to Karachi from Dacca where she
was kept under house-arrest since last April along with her children. Is the family
being liquidated as well? The fact is that no crime is impossible for these men from
the pages of medieval tales of horror.
That the junta has proceeded with the illegal trial despite worldwide
condemnation including repeated concerns expressed by its mentor, the U. S. State
Department gives more credence to the fear. If it turns out to be a fact, it would be
proved that Yahya was taking the foreign press for a ride while his hangmen were
putting the noose round Sheikh Mu jib's neck. It would be interesting to note Nixon's
response to the crime. The pretext he has been putting forward so far to justify
continuance of arms and economic aid to the junta was that the U. S. government
could gain a leverage this way for what….a political accommodation over
Bangladesh. As long as Sheikh lives and remains in captivity the pretext comes very
handy as a cover-up device. But without him
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Nixon would be in a quandary. He has miserably lost in the international power

game as ' has only a ping pong ball to show to his voters in exchange of world's
largest democracy. Sheikh's death is certain to spell disaster for Nixon and,
consequently, for his protégés in Islamabad.
As for the people of Bangladesh-they will not rest until the murder has been
avenged to their satisfaction.
If by one chance in a thousand, Sheikh is still alive it would be for the world
powers to stop this farce of a trial before it is too late.
17 1;s,
1;s, 1971
Reports from Islamabad suggest that Yahya has lost control of Tikka Khan. The
maniacal murderer in Dacca has stopped just short of publicly declaring himself the
supreme ruler of what Islamabad likes to believe its Eastern colony. Now Yahya is
afraid of visiting Dacca. On the other side Tikka is scared of touring Islamabad for
fear of sadden arrest. Yahya has for the second time put off his much-publicized tour
of Occupied areas of Bangladesh-a place he did not dare to visit since he betrayed
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the people of Bangladesh and fled from Dacca like a
thief in the darkness of night. Two weeks ago he pompously asked a number of
foreign journalists to f hang around if they wanted to accompany him in his tour of
Dacca. Some of them must F still be hanging around but with tongues in their cheeks.
Meanwhile, Tikka Khan was conspicuously absent from the meeting of so-called
National Economic Council held in Islamabad sometime ago.
It is also interesting to note that on August 14 Yahya, as a matter of routine,
decorated Tikka with Hilal-e-Quaid-e-Azam. Yet, if the relations were good, he
would: most certainly have been decorated with the highest award Hilal-e-Pakistan
for [completing the historic task of destroying Pakistan. Of course, it is possible, that
Yahya has kept the medal for himself.
The rift between the gangsters apparently resulted over Tikka's total lack of
(understanding of the world reaction to his crimes. He led Yahya into believing that
the; situation was really normal in the East and that he could send any number of
foreign journalists to see it for themselves. Perhaps he thought that the journalists
could be ' bought over just like those hacks from West Pakistan by drinks and dinners
in the army mess. Perhaps like those silly West Pakistanis (with the notable exception
of Anthony Mascarenhas) they, too, would parrot his hand-cuts. Like an honest fool
Yahya believed in him and sent the journalists who in due time exploded the lies of
Tikka. This apparently annoyed Yahya who would have preferred to keep the
journalists' out Particularly when the naked aggression against the people of
Bangladesh could not be hidden with mere repairs of some badly damaged buildings
of Dacca.
He was hoping to get Tikka in Islamabad in order to punish him for the costly
folly. But, then, Tikka got the smell of it through his personal friends in the junta and
stayed
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out. Now he could not euro less if Yahya's international position is made doubly
ludicrous by his repeated failures to keep the schedule of Dacca tour.
One thing is certain that the twin can no longer co-exist. Either Tikka goes or
Yahya goes. Apparently, President Nixon would like to see both go leaving the power
in the hands of other pro-American generals who might not find it so difficult to
swallow some kind of an agreement with Sheikh Mujib. The President is clearly
against Bangladesh independence but would be very happy to see a political solution
within the framework of Pakistan-something that is, of course, totally unacceptable to
the people of Bangladesh now.
18 1;s,
1;s, 1971
1971
According to latest reports Pakistani ambassadors to USA and UK have been
called back. It is not known whether they have been sacked or are going to be put in
the secretarial godown of Islamabad with some inconsequential assignments in
corridors of the foreign office. Whatever happens to their fate-it is now clear that the
gang must have been going nuts over the national and international mess they
succeeded in creating out of almost nothing over last few months.
The faults of Aga Hilaly-Yahya's man in Washington and Salman All, his
henchman in Britain to warrant this hit in the stomach have been their failure to get
even a single story published in the US and the British press in support of Yahya's
crimes in Bangladesh. But, by Jove, didn't they try? It was indeed a difficult task for
Salman Ali, or any other diplomat for that matter except the Americans, to get
anything published in the British press with which the editors didn't agree. Poor
Salman knew this and gave up futile efforts after some initial failures. But Hilaly, by
nature, is a different kettle offish, He is such .a pest that the simple mono-syllables
like "no" are rather insufficient to dampen his spirit. Moreover, he happened to be an
East Pakistani domicile. Although he could not speak a word of the Bengali he
bagged his ambassadorship from the Bengali quota. Being originally a refugee from
Madras he could never be one of the family with the Punjabi coterie in the foreign
office. He would have been set aside long long ago had it not been for that Bengali
quota business. At a time when Yahya was busy committing genocide for sheer self-
survival he had indulged in frequenter and louder yap-yap in favor of the crimes even
if it was only to prove that he wasn't a Bengali after all. He got himself TV spots and
whined like a school-boy before the American viewers complaining that the American
press never listens to him-never publishes his handouts. These were such pathetic
shows that even the rustic tin-gods of Islamabad felt embarrassed. And the Punjabi
coterie was just waiting for the chance to get rid of him.
But would it be possible for their successors to score better marks? How could mi
anyone defend such a revolting case anyway? After all, a measure of civilization still
exists outside the borders of Pakistan and Lin Piao's China. There it is impossible to
present a linen soaked in the blood of at least a million innocent lives as something
snow white....
431
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20 1;s,
1;s, 1971
The fate and real whereabouts of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who voluntarily
allowed himself to be arrested on March 25 still remains shrouded in mystery.
Although some questionable characters like Begum Akhtar Suleiman claimed to have
visited him in prison, there has been not a single conclusive proof to date to suggest
that he is still alive surviving the wrath of the psychopathic murderer Tikka Khan on
the night of his arrest.
Contradictory reports deliberately leaked out by the sources close to the trigger-
happy junta kept the world guessing helplessly until this day. The lone and
intrinsically negative response that came from the junta's secretariat was a crude
attempt at criticizing United Nations' Secretary General for his publicly expressed
concern for the safety of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. U Thant and other world
personalities considered the trial, whose verdict had been already pronounced by the
prosecutor-cum-judge-cum-;executioner Yahya in so many of his interviews with
foreign press, as yet another disgrace to civilized norms and sensibilities. Despite
American and Chinese hacking of the junta U Thant failed to remain quiet this lime
contrasting with his shocking silence [during the first week of Pakistani genocide in
Bangladesh-a silence that encouraged the-bloodthirsty generals to go for Sheikh's life
so blatantly. The reply from Pakistani foreign office had the audacity to point out to
the Secretary General that he had remained silent over British massacres in Northern
Ireland. By this the Pakistanis tried to convey that they too are entitled to all the
United Nations inaction over their crimes in Bangladesh. Its sounds like a murderer
defending himself citing another murderer who got away with his crimes. The attitude
thus revealed shows the level of shamelessness to which these criminals in general's
uniform capable of stooping.
Even greater an outrage is the fact that these children of Hitler and Marquis de
Sade have so far been getting away with their criminal lunacies. Is the world so
powerless to rid this planet of these ugly growths and make it a better place for human
beings to live? Can the world powers, including China and USA, be so devoid of
conscience, so blinded by petty national interests that they could go on playing either
collaborators or silent onlookers of the crimes? Hasn't the Soviet Union a greater
responsibility toward the people of Bangladesh and their undisputed leader than mere
signing of treaties with third, fourth and fifth parties forgetting first party of the
confrontation?
Let us assume that the murderers have still kept Sheikh Mujib just alive. I say just
because according to another report Sheikh has been tortured-a fact that was
responsible for his collapse in the courtroom of the so-called trial. Now, defying
world condemnation, if Yahya proceeds to execute the leader what do the world
powers propose J do? Will they do anything more meaningful than just words? This is
the question that has been dominating the thoughts of the observers of the gruesome
tragedy.
If the world thinks, just like the killers of Islamabad, that Sheikh's murder would
cow the Bengali nation and solve the problem-it is indeed living in fool's paradise.
Bangladesh is not Biafra or Congo-let us remind the great powers once again. The
entire nation has been hit by an unjust and un-called for war by a vicious fanatical,
feudalist and
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fascistic military junta. We have paid a record price for our freedom. Now we are
convinced that our only condition for survival is nothing short of total independence.
And independence we shall win-by our own might. We do not ask the big powers to
help Us or give us arms. AM we want is that these murderers do not get economic and
arms aid. History has doomed them.
21 4 pm,
pm, 1971
Keeping neatly quiet for 10 days the Pakistani Radio has come up with yet
another blatant lie concerning the shame trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It has
claimed in its news broadcast of yesterday that Sheikh who, according to the same
source, had earlier refused to defend himself in a court with no right to try him, has
named a pane! of three lawyers to defend his case. The radio has also claimed that A.
K. Brohi, one of the three lawyers allegedly chosen by Sheikh, has refused to take the
brief for what the radio claims as his prior commitments. Unconsciously, the radio has
forgotten to mention the names of other two lawyers. Or was it consciously?
The news, which is the most despicable lie of the Pakistani junta since its
handouts on its genocidal crimes in Bangladesh, has been tailored to suit the needs of
the conspiracy to hoodwink world opinion that has been outraged by farce of the trial.
This latest bit of fiction has been designed to counteract the earlier 'expose' that
Sheikh has refused to defend himself. We are well aware of the attitude our leader is
likely to take if confronted with the proposition of such a trial. Some in the junta
know this as well and, hence, tried that way to convince the world that Sheikh was
actually alive. That he has not been tortured or maimed by his sub-human captors to
respond the way he would have responded in a normal state of affair.
But the junta played one card too many. The world immediately doubted the
move. It was seriously suspected that Sheikh has probably been murdered and this
story about his refusal has been cooked to make the lie an all-military affair. The
suspicion most probably pushed the army professional liars on duty off the track.
Quickly they have come up with this new story a-bout Sheikh Mujib's defense choice.
The story of Brohi's refusal to defend Sheikh also looks quite convincing. Brohi
or, for that matter any other, would have to have it least three heads on shoulder to
take up brief for Sheikh Mujib. Because he would most certainly be in dire trouble if
he ventures to display professional honesty in his role of the counsel for defense. He
might even be bumped off to mysterious death. Brohi would be the last man to come
to Sheikh's rescue. Of course, he had also refused to be the counsel for the prosecution
when the Ayub regime framed the so-called Agartala Conspiracy Case against Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman. This shows that he is much too clever a jockey to ride Yahya's lame
horse. Assuming that Sheikh is still alive and the trial would be pushed through
whether the world-frorn White House to Kremlin, from Secretary General U Thant to
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan-like it or not, Yahya junta will have to appoint a defense
counsel at least to keep the books right. According to legal procedures, any case
carrying the penalty of death the defendant
433
s d t n
must be provided with a counsel-if necessary at slate's cost. Thus defense counsels
there ' will be whether the defendant likes it or not.
Political observers still find nothing tangible to suggest that Sheikh has not
already been murdered. Even this latest lie about Sheikh's alleged choice of a defense
panel does not prove that he is alive. The Pakistani Radio has mentioned other two
lawyers who have presumably agreed to collaborate with the junta in this farce of a
trial. The army W0uid use them to sign the papers suggesting a fair trial before the
execution of Sheikh Muiibur Rahman. It is most likely that the army would not risk
exposure by keeping them alive for long. That is the contradiction of politics by
murder. You never can stop killing.
The world must force the Pakistani junta to reveal the truth. If Sheikh is alive the
world must force the junta to set him free.
434
s d t n
tS
21। s 4 4"nd s 4 4"nd я i- m, 1971
p( iя a o:> t
4p /u a
25 яi,
i, 1971
The policy of murder and violence that the military rulers of Islamabad adopted
to subdue the people of East Bengal has begun to boomerang. Abandoning the path of
peaceful negotiation, the trigger-happy West Pakistani generals cracked down on the
mild-mannered, cultured, and peace-loving East Bengalis. Why? Because the people
had asserted their democratic right to run their province according to their wishes and
end the decades-long colonial exploitation at the hands of West Pakistani military and
bureaucratic rulers. The Military Governor of East Bengal, General Tikka Khan, had
boasted that he would crush the people of Bangladesh in six days. Three months after
the expiry of that date, the people are still far from being crushed. The war that the
'valiant1 generals of Islamabad launched was not merely against armed rebels but the
entire people of East Bengal. The atrocities committed against unarmed civilians—
men, women and children, are now known all over the world and the smoke screen
raised by the military junta has been completely blown off. How millions of refugees
have been driven away from their homes is also now a matter of common knowledge.
However, repeated claims of normalcy in Bangladesh by Pakistani publicity media
show that Islamabad still wants the world and especially the people of West Pakistan
to be kept in the dark about the strong fight being put up by the Mukti Fauj. A West
German State Minister Dr. Earnest Hcinsen and a British Labor M. P. Mr. John
Storehouse, have been to some of the liberated areas. They say they were impressed
by the activities of the freedom fighters there. For some time past, the freedom
fighters have changed their tactics completely, The nature of engagements shows that
they have become adept in the advanced techniques of guerilla warfare. They ambush
the enemy and make raids at places of their choice. Bridges, culverts, railway lines
and other strategic installations have been blown up on a large scale. The commanders
are using artillery and mortars. The activities of the freedom fighters are by no means
confined to the countryside. In recent days, there have been grenade attacks inside
Dacca city. At least twenty raids on army camps and positions are being made daily in
the city and its suburbs. Production in the Ghazipur Ordnance Factory near Dacca has
again been suspended following damage caused by guerilla attacks. Water supply in
Dacca has remained suspended for two days. The main power plant in Dacca was
knocked out by insurgents a few days ago. There have been reports about the
reimposition of curfew in the city.
In Chittagong city and other areas of the district, flags of Bangladesh are again
fluttering on housetops. There have been attacks in many other towns also.
The expelled correspondent of the New York Times, Sydney Schonberg has
reported that guerilla resistance appears to be widening and growing more effective.
Mark Tally of
435
s d t n
the B.B.C. recently reported that the Pakistan army was not in a position to post its
personnel at all the would be strong-holds of freedom fighters and strategic bridges.
In short, the army is feeling the punch strongly. Recent history has shown that an
army, however powerful, cannot crush a whole people. The flame of freedom has
been lighted in Bangladesh. The atrocities committed by the West Pakistani army
have embittered the hearts of the East Bengal people. The freedom fighters are
gaining in experience and strength and time is on their side. Well, violence was
Islamabad's own choice.
28 яi,
i, 1971
Much is now known about the genocide carried out in East Bengal by the West
Pakistan military rulers. They have made such a thorough job of it that if Hitler were
to come to life, he would not find anything lacking in the methods of his modern
disciples. The most conservative estimates put the number of those killed at a quarter
million. Seven million East Bengalis have had to flee to India to save their lives and
honor. Before the world today, the name of the military junta of Islamabad is mud.
Yet, to hoodwink public opinion, the Pakistani militarists are issuing appeals to the
refugees to return to East Bengal, claiming complete normalcy in the region. They
have even opened reception centers for returning refugees.
A correspondent of the British newspaper, The Sunday Times, recently visited
one of 5: these camps and reported that its entire population was five stray dogs.
During the past few weeks, Parliamentary delegations from Britain, Canada and
Ireland have toured East Bengal. They all got the impression that an atmosphere of
terror prevailed there. The Islamabad rulers seem to have learnt even more than mass
murder "techniques from the book of the Nazis. Information trickling though, despite
censorship, shows that East, Bengal has been turned into a police state. It is today a
valley of fear, where a Gestapo type inquisition is going on. To such government
employees as are still attending offices, a questionnaire has been issued by the martial
law authorities. One of the questions to be answered specifically is: Did you vole for
the Awami League? 'Another, are you a Bengali? What great crimes!
A graphic account of conditions in East Bengal has been given by a
correspondent of the Los Angeles Time's Jack Foisie. Dacca, he says, is a city in
which fear is the dominant emotion. There is ghostly emptiness in the streets at night.
At dusk, the workers hurry to their homes or to the homes of kinsfolk if their walls are
thicker and doors stronger. Says Foisie: "After a quickly eaten monotonous meal of
rice and greens, and may be a bit of curried fish, the oil lamp is extinguished and the
door is barred. There is the belief that a darkened house is less likely to receive a visit
from the authorities." The cause of the fear, the correspondent says, is what several
people, in furtive conversations, have described as the 'inquisition'. He adds, "In all
nocturnal poundings of the door, the object appears to the same. Information about the
whereabouts of rebels; the recruiting of informers, who do so to save their own skins;
or the ravishing of their women; or just a visit for the pleasure of intimidating; or to
collect payment to be left alone." He narrates
436
s d t n
the story of an Bengali banker, who had to buy his safety and that of his family from
military officers with a large sum. "Sometimes men are marched at gun point." Foisie
writes, "leaving the women to wail. Some men don not return or are returned beaten."
The so-called Peace Committees set up by the army authorities and the local
militia raised by them are but another tool for terrorizing the people. Mark Tally of
the B.B.C London Times says the local militia are mostly thugs, and glad of the
opportunity to settle old scores.
30 яi,
i, 1971
Army repression in East Bengal resulting in the postponement of a return to
democracy in Pakistan has finally started to have reverberations in West Pakistan
itself, : no less a person than Mr. Bhutto. who has been considered the collaborator
par excellence with the army. It should not be forgotten that the army and Mr. Bhutto
acted in concert earlier this year to thwart effectively Pakistan's return to a democratic
set up following the elections of December 1970… At that stage it was clear that the
interests of the army and those represented by Mr. Bhutto had converged. Their joint
aim was to deny the transfer of effective political power to the duly elected majority
in Pakistan's National Assembly, namely the Awami League. The basic reasons
behind this move were many, including the fear that with the Awami League in power
the equation between East and West Pakistan will be radically altered. the army will
lose its financial autonomy and the hate-India campaign on which Pakistan's ruling
elite has thrived so far will collapse like a house of cards. Moreover, Mr. Bhutto with
his well-known love for power, was not able to tolerate a situation in which he would
be personally deprived of any significant share in the power structure of Pakistan. Mr
Bhutto had probably pinned his hopes on the fact that with the Awami League out of
the way one of two things would happen. Either, power would be transferred to his
People's Party, the second largest party in the National Assembly, at the Centre, or, in
the event of East Bengal continuing under martial low at least the four provinces in
West Pakistan would have representative government restored to them. In this case
his party would come to power in the two most populous provinces of the western
wing, Punjab and Sind, As it turned out, all these calculations went away. General
Yahya Khan refused to transfer power to the elected representatives in the western
wing as long as, what he called, "normalcy' had not returned to East Bengal. Since
there was no indications of return to such normalcy Mr. Bhutto felt his designs
frustrated. Moreover, there were indications of increasing restiveness within his party
as a result of this delay in the transfer of power. As a result of all this. Mr. Bhutto in
his frustration tended to become more and more vocal in his demand for transfer of
power, this becoming a source of embarrassment to the military regime. The
honeymoon period apparently had come to an end. It was probably with this in mind
that the regime sent him on a jaunt abroad, ostensibly to present Pakistan's case on
Bangladesh.
It is now reported that in an interview with an Iranian paper in Tahran. Mr.
Bhutto has stated that there must be a political settlement in Pakistan and the Awami
League, the
437
s d t n
majority party, just play its party in this settlement. He has also demanded a speedy
return to civilian rule. Mr. Bhutto. whose tour was organized by the military junta,
was immediately called back to West Pakistan. His later meeting with Yahya indicate
they are no longer seeing eye to eye.
6 /m,
/m, 1971
The Asian', an international news weekly published from Hongkong covered the
increased activities of the Liberation armed forces in the occupied areas of
Bangladesh.
The report captioned "Bangladesh fighters harass Pak army in renewal resistance"
begins with a description of "Razakars:, the mercenaries raised by the invaders. It
reads. "in the occupied areas of Bangladesh today, the chief operators in this murky
field are the Razakars. Their name has lofty historic associations; it means, literally,
"Servants of the king." In fact, the Razakar are paid agents of the Pakistani army.
Their special operations are haphazard personal assaults.
These hired hands of the Pakistani security forces have also set a standard fee for
"aiding" the enemy are paid to repress. The charge for guiding Bengalis on their war
to safety is three rupees (about 40 US cents)
In such a field of twilight operations, where "protection" is an ambidextrous business,
it is often unclear whose interest are really being served. It is, for example quite
possible that Pakistan Army officers are content to ignore the devious aid that the
Razakars give to fleeing refugees, reckoning that it can only add to the tide of
confusion and panic.
But two things can be said with certainty about these hirelings. First, money talks
eloquently to them. Secondly, they can be very hasty and brutal.
As the onslaught by our valiant armed forces mount into organized frontal offensive,
these band of Razakars, when the occupation army has left to our mercy, willingly
and/or unwilling come forward to our help. The Asian comments, the Razakars have
been recruited from among the Biharis, these immigrants to Bangladesh whose arrival
dates from the partition of India. As guerilla raids have increased, so have their
activates. In addition to assisting refuges, some of them have been known to act as
guides to the Mukti Bahini, the Liberation Army, during their forays against isolated
outposts.
There are signs now that the Pakistani army may be losing faith in the efficacy of the
Razakars, who are evidently not living up to their unofficial designation of a "Home
Guard." Some Bengalis among them have defected with their weapons, to the
Bangladesh guerillas. It is known that training courses which were conducted for
Razakar recruits on the playing fields of Dacca University have now been abandoned.
The same mark the surrounds the movements of the Razakars envelopes large areas of
the whole field of spasmodic conflict in Bangladesh. But some clear pointers are
beginning to emerge now and they suggest that the Bangladesh forces are now more
"battle-hardened" and rare ready to launch attacks on a far more impressive scale that
hitherto.
438
s d t n
"The Asian" commenting on the casualty rate of the Pakistan army, efficiency of
the Mukti Bahini and fast organisation of our armed forces, says, "To judge from
known casualty rates, the Mukti Bahini are already engaging in more than hit-and-run
skirmishes. Between 20 and 30 wounded Pakistani soldiers are being brought in daily
to Dacca Cantonment Hospital.
Guerilla casualties, on the other hand, appear to be relatively light, possible
because of the advantage they have in surprise.
The Guerilla are meeting increased support in the villages they pass through. In
some places, where the inhabitants previously asked the Mukti Bahini fighters to keep
away, for fear of reprisals, the inhabitants now freely offer food and shelter.
This, and reliable reports of better supplies of arms and ammunition, must lend
weight to the forecasts that the Bangladesh forces are about to launch attacks over
wider fronts in a much expanded scale of operations.
8 /m,
/m, 1971
The Newspapers throughout the world are-still continuing to report about the
atrocities of Yahya Khan's troops in Bangladesh. These atrocities are compelling more
innocent civilians to cross the border and take shelter in India. The U. N. relief
Commissioner accepts the figure of 9.5 million refugees but Yahya Khan for last 4
months maintaining the figure of 2 million only. However, again, the General at the
same time claims that huge number of refugees are returning every day, If that is so
how does the figure remain static for 4 months?
The Time Magazine of the United States writes on Oct. 25 "although Islamabad
has ordered the military command to ease 'off on its repressive tactics, refugees are
still trekking into India at the rate of about 30,000 a day, telling of villages burned,
residents shot and prominent figures carried off and never heard from again". This
means that approximately one million refugees are crossing the border every month
and while Yahya Khan may maintain figure of 2 million for next 4 months also in
reality there would be 4 more million refugees crossing the border before the end of
February.
On the atrocities of the occupation army the Financial Times writes on October
26 "instead of the military regime's persistent denials, the Pakistan army and police
continue to take reprisals against unarmed civilians living where the Bengali rebels
operate, even within sight of residence of the new civilian Governor in the middle of
Dacca, Martin Woollacott writes in the Guardian on Nov. 1, "the Pakistani regime in
East Bengal, inspite of Islamabad's unholy and contemptible attempts to bring about a
return to normalcy still rests on a foundation of violations and raw coercions.
The success of Mukti Bahini also continues to dominate the world newspapers
and magazines, The Newsweek magazine of the United States writes on Nov. 1 "since
Yahya Khan launched extermination campaign last March against the insurgent
Bangladesh State and forcing more than 9 million refugees to flee into India-the
Bengali guerillas
439
s d t n
have built up a force of 50 thousand men." Naturally, the Newsweek correspondent

has been extremely conservative about the number of guerillas. It goes on to say: the
guerillas have been highly successful in harassing Government troops, and many
western analysts feel that the rebels success is likely to continue. Yahya does not have
enough troops there now to curb the guerillas."
The Guardian of London writes "recently the Mukti Bahini have struck several
times in the very centre of Dacca-usually with bombs and on several occasions
mounting conventional attacks". It further writes "in the Gopalganj area, south of
Faridpur, where the Mukti Bahini are well established, they appeal to have a special
political cadre which although armed, spends most of its time explaining to the
peasantry what is happening in Dacca."
15 /m,
/m, 1971
"Bengal guerillas step up number of assassinations and bombings" was the
headline of the London Times of Nov. 9. It writes "the guerillas are trying to close
down all higher educational institutions in East Bengal on the ground that they are
controlled by Pakistan army". It further says, "the number of political assassinations
have increased sharply in the last few days. Yesterday a rightwing politician
appointed by the Pakistan Govt. to serve in the future provincial assembly was killed
by sub-machinegun fire." That the Mukti Bahini are serving notices on the people
who are collaborating with the occupation army and giving them enough time to
rectify themselves are also evident in the report of the Times. It says, "the guerillas
have threatened to kill all members of the peace committees, all officials appointed by
the martial law authorities and anyone else actively cooperating with the occupation
army." It further reports "the Bengali civil servants who have stayed at their jobs have
generally been warned that they are under close observation by the guerillas and that
more than token cooperation with the government will be punishable by
assassination.11 About the heavy casualties that the occupation army is suffering, is
also evident in the report of the Times. It says, "military morale is understood to have
declined and the increasing number of army casualties have apparently made it
impossible to continue a former policy of flying the bodies of officers back to West
Pakistan for burial."
......Current week's the Newsweek Magazines of United States also suggests that
Pakistanis are fighting a losing battle. Yahya Khan is engaged in a unwinnable war. It
says "Pakistan army has only the deepest notion of guerilla warfare. While the
soldiers are close door on the border the Mukti Bahini seem to have the run of East
Pakistan. The Government has attempted to combat the insurgent with Razakars, but
the Razakars harm the government more than they help it." That the' effect of
employing Razakars has become counterproductive and leads to alienate the people
more in favor of the Mukti Bahini. The Newsweek says "these repressive tactics of
Razakars when applied against the people have turned most Bengalis into Mukti
Bahini's supporters". The senior Editor of the Newsweek Magazine Arnaud de
Borchgrave asked the people whether they wanted
440
s d t n
to remain pan of Pakistan or create a new state of Bangladesh, the reply was, he wriies
ilmost all of them answered Bangladesh". The Magazine further confirms that all the
people in Bangladesh are now more committed to an independent state than ever
before. The senior Editor of the Magazine writes "Several people whispered to me
"Bangladesh should be independent, all of us feel that way".
The Magazine also mentions that the Pakistan army is losing grip over the
situation. writes "what general Niazi, martial law administrator in East Pakistan does
not seem to appreciate is the steady deterioration of internal security and the degree of
organisation of Mukti Bahini. By last week the government had lost control of 25% of
the police stations E. Pakistan."
That the civil administrators of Yahya Khan are also cooperating with Mukti
Bahini evident from this issue of the Newsweek Magazine of Nov. 15. It says "a
number" of strict commissioners are tacitly cooperating with the guerillas and much
of the areas north of Dacca itself is still under the outright control of the Mukti
Bahini." With regard the organisation and efficiency of the Mukti 'Bahini the senior
editor writes. "I personally was contacted by Mukti Bahini representative within 30
minutes of checking to my hotel in Dacca despite tight police security," He further
says, the rebels had established a disciplined network carefully organized into teams-
some assigned to collect taxes and organise Bank robberies, others designated as
saboteurs, still others coldly ear-marked to be assassins."
16 /m,
/m, 1971
The Newsweek Magazine of U.S. on Nov. 15 reveals that Yahya Khan and his
generals are completely unaware of the realities in Bangladesh. His civil Governor
also does not know of the factors that are prevailing in the minds of the people. It says
"the harsh truths about Bengali resistance are being concealed not only from the civil
Werner A. M. Malik but from President Yahya Khan himself."
Lastly, the Magazine also confirms the atrocities that are being committed by
Pakistan army even today. It reports, "a highly knowledgeable foreign observer
accuses e soldiers of atrocities." The army recently surrounded the village of Demra
where the Mukti Bahini had never been, raped all the women between 12 and 35 and
shot all the en older than 12."
It further writes, "only days' later Pakistani gunboats swept up the river Chalna
eking fishing boats and shooting the fishermen as they swam for safety." But the
agazine's senior editor rightly points out that the more repressive Pakistan's army is
and e more atrocities they commit, the bolder the resistance will be from the people. It
will only strengthen the power of resistance rather than subjugating the people. The
Magazine rites, "all this accomplishes is to make the resistance in East Pakistan more
extreme and
441
s d t n
more dedicated than ever. The majority of people are already anxious to break away
from Pakistan and the Pakistan army commanders are beginning to realize that they
are trapped in an unsinkable guerilla war."
"Yahya's shrinking alies" was the editorial headline of the Guardian of London
on November 9. It mentions how Pakistan is gradually being isolated and Yahya
Khan's closest friend China is now gradually withdrawing her support. The editorial
says "events are running inexorable against Yahya Khan. The continuing American
aid stopped dead yesterday and China most devoutly. .of allies has sent Yahya Khan's
emissaries home from Peking with the softest of comradely cotton wool." With the
American stoppage of arms supply to Pakistan, the editorial says "it leaves Yahya
without western friends. The West Pakistan generals in short have come to an end of
their path of bungling violence." Chinese cold behavior with Yahya Khan's
representatives in Peking is also reflected when the editorial says "unease became
manifest during the talks. There is no prospect of intervention by China against India
if war breaks out. If war comes indeed Pakistan will be operatively alone, deserted
and condemned."
"Pakistan army still killing and looting-says refugees" was the headline of the
Daily Telegraph, London. The Newspaper reports "it was at first thought that the
wholly Muslim Pakistan army was concentrating its attacks on Hindu villages but
officials regard the latest evidence as proved that the army is waging a straightforward
campaign against any one thought to offer support to the idea of an Independent
Bangladesh nation."
17 /m,
/m, 1971
As the days go on the Mukti Bahini's offensives intensify more. "Wave of
sabotage in East Bengal as border tension rises" was the headline of the London
Times this week. It writes, "the most spectacular act of sabotage carried out by the
guerillas was the sinking in Chittagong of a large oil tanker that was about to sail for
Dacca, 7 of the crews were missing". The Newspaper's Dacca correspondent Malcolm
Brown further says the guerillas have recently blown up patrol fuel supplies to
hamper to Pakistan army, and have so far sank or damaged at least a dozen ships." He
further writes, in the past 24 hours they have also assassinated a leading Dacca
Lawyer in his room and set off three large bombs in a power station leaving Dacca
and two towns nearby without electricity for most of the day. Lack of power
yesterday caused a water shortage in Dacca. He goes on to say electric power in
Dacca and elsewhere in East Pakistan has been progressively disrupted by sabotage to
the point where there are half a dozen power outs every day.
"Dacca Business Centre shaken by bomb blast" was the headline of Daily
Telegraph of London on November 12. It says, a heavy explosion had shaken
business centre of Dacca yesterday when a bomb exploded in a car a few yards from
the entrance to the main post office. A reliable British eye-witness saw one man killed
but later it was learnt 3 people were killed." About the morale of 6,000 West Pakistan
Police who were brought m to East Pakistan in March is at a very low point, reports
this Newspaper. It says "they
442
s d t n
are beginning to show signs of severe strain. .several units have been confined to
barracks for the past week." The correspondent of this paper further writes "I
understand the police who came to Dacca to replace those members of the East
Pakistani force who had defected to Bangladesh were told they would return home on
September. As there is still no signs of relieve for the force, they are becoming
increasingly truculent in their demands to be given a firm date when they will return
to the West.
That the troops out of their desperate situation continue to harass ship-keepers by
demanding goods the reporter writes "I have also seen some West Pakistani soldiers
in groups harassing shopkeeper. The behavior of the troops is certainly worse than it
was two months ago."
"Guerillas disrupting flow of Pakistan's raw jute" was the headline of Financial
Times of Nov. 12. It says "guerrilla activities in East Pakistan appear to be having an
impact in supplies of raw jute to the World's Spinning Industries. According to some
shipping Companies there is a continual short of jute for lifting". From a report in
London Goatfrey Brown, correspondent of the Financial Times writes "the
uncertainties and delays in shipments are forcing jute spinners in Europe to mop up
any unbought persons afloat. As a result prices for jute are tending to rise and have
gone up by 7 to 10 pounds a ton in the last fortnight."
18 /m,
/m, 1971
"Guerillas took over large areas of East Pakistan" was another headline in the
Daily Telegraph of London. It says "7 major regions of East Pakistan have been
declared liberated zones by Bangladesh guerillas. Since an autumn offensive got
under way two weeks ago the 'successes are more than even guerilla commanding
officers had anticipated".
The correspondent of the Newspaper gives the details about the liberated areas
controlled by the Mukti Bahini. The correspondent travels 70 miles from the Indian
border into the liberated areas of Bangladesh. It mentions Modhupur forest and the
Sundarban forest to be the main guerilla bases of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini, The
Newspaper says "apart from the main towns and the land routes between them the
whole of Bangladesh excluding the north-west becomes guerilla held territory". The
Razakars who are supposed to guard the ferry crossing bridges, administrative
buildings and army camps are not proving much of a success.
In another dispatch by Clare Hollingworth writes in the Daily Telegraph of
London "Industry within 30 miles of Dacca was brought to a complete standstill after
Bangladesh guerillas destroyed 3 out of 4 generators of the main power station on the
outskirts of the city".
In the dispatch "guerillas cut off Dacca Power Station" Clare Hollingsworth
further writes, 3 explosions occurred inside the compound of the well-guarded power
station at
443
s d t n
Siddhirganj. They caused an immediate cut in electricity supplies even to emergency,

clients such as the workers house, police and army barracks. She further writes, the
most : serious result is that at least one thousand workers in jute mills and light
industry in the Dacca region will be put out of work, where around 60% of the
working population were already unemployed.
The Times of London writes about the conditions that are now prevailing inside
Bangladesh and the absolute failure of the Pakistan Government's attempt to
administer the occupied areas. The law and order situation has gone completely out of
hand. The West Pakistani soldiers and residents in Bangladesh are feeling insecure
and the businessmen are taking away all their properties to West Pakistan. The Times
of London writes "most West Pakistani residents of East Pakistan feels themselves
dangerously threatened and many are finding some way to immigrate before it is too
late." About the Mukti Bahini, it writes "the guerillas operate more or less at will,
despite constant search by the army against suspected guerilla strongholds." It further
writes, "military morale is understood to have declined. Police' morale has also
suffered." The Newspaper further confirms that police and Razakars are joining the
Mukti Bahini in a much larger way. It says "in June the Government sent over a force
of West Pakistani police officers, and men to replace the defectors. The force was told
that the assignment would be only for the duration of a brief emergency but they are
still here and the emergency appears more serious than ever.
24 /m,
/m , 1971
The occupation army of Yahya Khan has started to disintegrate. They are on the
brink of collapse as they suffer heavier casualty's every day. The more they continue
their atrocities and repression, the more support the Mukti Bahini enjoy from the
common people. The fool, dull and the below-average soldier, Yahya Khan, has gone
stark staring bankers. The Daily Express of London describes him on November 17
"he is a thick-set, somewhat cumbersome man. It is to his great discredit that he has
not visited Bangladesh since the crackdown began on March 25." It further goes on to
say "he has relied for his information on reports from his commanders and one can
only assume, that is why, both refugees and guerilla fighters have been dismissed by
him as miscreants and Indian infiltrators,"
Ian Brodie, the Foreign Correspondent of the Daily Express further accuses
Yahya Khan by saying "he has precipitated the crisis when the result of the Pakistan
election, a big win for Sk. Mujib, did not suit him." He further writes about Yahya
Khan, "Yahya Khan, the bull headed man seemingly somewhat bemused by the peril
he has wrought". He further goes on to say "when General Yahya says he is just a
simple soldier he should be taken at his word. With his hectoring manner he is better
suited to be a sergeant-major than a General.
444
s d t n
The Financial Times of November 16 reports Mrs. Indira Gandhi to have said to
the Congress Party executive "Bangladesh has come to stay, (here is no power on
earth which can alter this real position."
"Mrs. Gandhi reported to have given ultimatum over Bangladesh" was the
Headline of the Times of London on November 17. In this dispatch Peter Hazelhurst
reports "Mrs Gandhi the Prime Minister had given the international community a
time-limit of two weeks to resolve the crisis in Bangladesh."
"Mrs. Gandhi sees tide turning" was the headline of Daily Telegraph of London
on November 16. David Loshak, the New Delhi correspondent of the Newspaper
writes "Mrs. Gandhi the Indian Prime Minister told parliament yesterday that the
international tide was turning against Pakistan."
That Pakistani troops in the occupied areas of Bangladesh are getting more
desperate everyday is now confirmed by the report in the Daily Telegraph of London
of November 17. "Pakistanis murdered Priests" was the headline. The correspondent
writes "American Roman Catholic Priest Father William P. Evans was shot dead at
the weekend, 17 miles south-west of Dacca. He had lived and worked in Pakistan for
23 years" Clare Hollingsworth further writes "I was on my way to his Mission Church
of Bukshnagar when he was murdered in a disputed area of no roads or telephone.
The boatman he engaged to take him from Gola to the Mission described what
happened to the Archbishop of Dacca who was staying at the Mission". The boatman
told Clare Hollingworth "we were boating down the river when military guards
ordered them to report to the local commanding officer as the boat was searched.
Father Evans was questioned and allowed to return to the boat. But for some unknown
reason they took Father and me out of the boat and forced us to sit in a ditch".
Clare Hollingworth, the correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, further describes
the most criminal and treacherous act of Pakistan army in killing Father Evans, the
respected American Roman Catholic Priest in Bangladesh. She writes "although the
commanding officer was satisfied about the identity of Father Evans the army began
firing at close range." The boatman told the correspondent " I broke lose in fear of my
life and they fired at me also a couple of time but missed. I later heard from another
boatman in the neighbor that Father was shot dead and his body thrown into the
river."
25 /m,
/m, 1971
The report of massive attack of Mukti Bahini on the occupation army continue to
bring tremendous success every day. They have now intensified their offensives from
every corner and at every sector wherever the troops of Yahya Khan are existing. The
world press in almost all the capitals report on the successes of the Mukti Bahini.
"In Bengali guerillas Hamlet hope is high" was the headline in the New York
Times
445
s d t n
of United States. Malcolm Browne in this dispatch from Bangladesh writes "under the
precepts of warfare laid down by such Asian strategists as Mao Se-tung, Bangladesh
is a guerillas haven, with the terrain mostly on the side of the fighters of the Mukti
Bahini". He further writes quoting the Mukti Bahini leader of the area saying "If you
foreigners would send us the arms and ammunitions we need we could throw out the
Pakistan army in 7 days. The correspondent further writes "traveling on a motor
launch and a Shampan I was escorted to the hamlet which is south of Dacca by a
guerilla guide. This guerilla I hamlet, in common with many rural communities in the
deltaic flood plain of Bangladesh, is a good 20 miles from the nearest road or
footpath. It is accessible only through a maiz of shallow canals clogged with water
plains with innumerable positions for ambushing intruders." "Guerillas in liberated
zones like this one feel completely secure from army operations and houses displayed
Bangladesh posters and portraits of the imprisoned Bengali leaders Sk. Mujibur
Rahman". The correspondent further appreciates the organisation of the Mukti Bahini
by saying "when traveling with guerilla agent in Dacca and elsewhere, an elaborate
system of signals and clandestine arrangements smoothed the way past any potential
military obstacle. He further writes an exact knowledge of where won liberated zones
ends and the other begins is important to everyone in Bangladesh. As a rule of thumb,
foreign diplomats and military observers consider that about a quarter of the region is
in the control of the guerillas who claim a force of at least 100,000 men. But even in
the heart of army occupied territory Pakistani control is tenuous".
Malcolm Browne further writes that the guerrilla commander told me "in
common with all guerilla movements we captured our arms from the enemy". He
further mentions "communications between guerilla districts are said to be rapid and
reliable". During my visit a guerilla arrived from a distant zone carrying a plastic case
sealed against the mud and rain and containing battle directives propaganda posters
and copies of the mimeographed Mukti Bahini Newspaper.
"Bangladesh forces take down in drive to gain control on vital communications
link" were the headline of the Times of London on Nov. 18. It says, Bangladesh
guerillas have captured the town of Darshana. The Mukti Bahini's aim in this sector
seem to be to push further east to gain control of the main road link between the port
of Chalna and districts in the north and the east. The Road is also vital for control of
the important towns of Kushtia, Jessore and Khulna.
John Stonehouse in a debate in the British Parliament on Nov. 18 again
demanded of the British Government to recognize Bangladesh. In this debate in the
House of Commons the former Cabinet Minister of the last Labor Government said
the United Nations has through inactivity completely failed to do anything about the
rape of Bangladesh and that some initiative must be taken to get Yahya Khan to call
off the repression carried on by the army in East Bengal, to release Sk. Mujib and to
allow the people of East Bengal to decide their own future.
446
s d t n
He said "Awami League leaders who survived the carnage and escaped, declared
the Independent State of Bangladesh and it is that state that we should recognize as
having come into existence."
29 /m,
/m , 1971
The Mukti Bahini for the whole week have now been engaged in fierce fighting
with occupation army in all sectors of Bangladesh. "Town is liberated by the
Bangladesh -guerillas" was the headline in Morning Star of London on Nov. 23. It
says "Bangladesh forces have liberated the town of Chougacha in the Jessore District
of Bangladesh after a bitter battle with Yahya Khan's troops". It further quotes "after
the capture of Chougacha, 14 miles north-west of Jessore town, Yahya Khan's army
withdrew to the nearby town of Navaran from which they were launching counter
attacks on the Bangladesh Mukti Bahini." It further says "the Mukti Bahini had also
made advances over the weekend in Kushtia, Khulna and Jessore districts on the
border with West Bengal and before capturing Chougacha it has taken Maheshpur 23
miles north-west of Jessore town." The Newspaper further writes, "the Pakistan army
suffered immense losses in men and tanks planes in the engagement with the cracked
commandos of the Mukti Bahini in Jessore and Kushtia sectors. The commandos are
pressing forward liberating more areas 3se two sectors."
It goes further to confirm, "the Mukti Bahini had liberated Debhala a border town
in khulna district after a grim and formidable battle:' The Bahini also captured
Kaliganaj and were advancing in lands from there. The Newspaper further says "in
kustia the Bahini is…..towards the towns of Jibannagar and Damurhuda under cover
of own artillery established in liberated areas near the Indian border towns of Banpur
and Gidi. Yahya's army was suffering heavy casualties and that the sound of shell fire
Mukti Bahini's 25-pounder artillery could be heard in Krishnanagar more than 20
from the battle scene.
“Guerillas make major gains in Bangladesh" was the headline of the Daily
Telegraph of Nov 23. David Loshak a correspondent of the Newspaper reporting from
Delhi says “Bangladesh government guerillas make major advance against the
Pakistani army in bangladesh. The guerillas were said to have met again in Khulna,
Kushtia and Jessore districts and have taken the town of Chougacha".
The Financial Times of London reports on Nov. 23 "the Mukti Bahini in a
consorted offensive have overrun 10 Pakistani positions in different districts of
Bangladesh from a in the south to Rangpur and Sylhet in the north. The guerillas
have, inflicted casualties on the Pakistani troops at all the places where the fighting
have been in progress since last Friday". It further says freedom fighters have
liberated 14 villages spread over a wide areas in Kushtia and Jessore districts
following a fierce battle which
447
s d t n
"Bengali guerillas put on the pressure" was the headline of the Financial Times.
In a dispatch by its correspondent from Karachi the Newspaper writes "Mukti Bahini
guerillas continued to increase pressure on the military administration. … … …There
has been a constant intensification of sabotage activities making the situation fluid
and difficult despite the strict measures taken by the military regime over past few
weeks to deter guerillas from escalating their activities". It further says, "the chosen
targets of the guerillas include industrial establishments, disrupting communications
and shooting peace Committee members cooperating with the government with the
object of creating panic and paralyzing civic life and administration to the extent they
have abandoned hope of a return to normal”.
"Razakars help of Bangladesh forces" -was the headline of the Scotsman of Britain
on Nov. 22. It says, the Razakars in Bangladesh are no more then headed group they
used to be. They have found a new rule that make them acceptable at least partly to
the guerillas. The Razakars employed by Pakistan army have reportedly been helping
the guerillas lately with vital information about the army. The Razakars inform the
rebel commando to leave or take defensive positions before Pakistani army plans to
attack them. It further reports many recent successes of Mukti Bahini had been due to
the information that had come primarily from the Razakars. The Razakars also
provide the Mukti Bahini with protective cover.
10 m,
m, 1971
All over Britain and elsewhere Bangladesh residents are rejoicing at the news of
India's recognition of Bangladesh Government as a sovereign Independent State. Ian
Nrodie, special correspondent of Daily Express in a front page dispatch says "Sullen
and silent villagers of Sudigh picked through rubble of their homes. ."
John Pilger, chief international correspondent of Daily Mirror, which has a
circulation of 15 million a day, was the first outsider to view result of what obviously
has been the most efficient blitzkrieg since Israel's six-day war in 1967. One
Bangladesh old man told Pilger "my friend you are too late, they have taken all our
women and all our;' girls they have taken many of our young men too. Still we are
glad you have come Joi Bangla".
The ruffle feathers here and any other parts of the west caused by the Indian army's
action in and around East Bengal appear to be giving way to an attempt to view the
escalation of the fighting in some perspective. In a feature article, the Times of
London said "it would be wrong to put the blame on India for following this realistic
policy and putting power to the test. For 8 months the Pakistani
government………….almost willfully turning aside from the political reality of the
Eastern wing………..It further goes on to say "they cannot hope now to swing,
international support to their side by representing themselves as innocent sufferers
from unprovoked aggression. And if India have calculated that the cost in human
suffering could be less from the limited action they
448
s d t n
have undertaken no one can easily accuse them of gross misjudgment". The Times of
London in the same article says, for the moment however the Pakistan government is
being urged to acknowledge its impose and to make concession that will return real
political power to the elected representatives of Bangladesh.
On the continent, comments in France and West German Newspapers by and large
suggest the same line. The Daily Telegraph of London writes. President Yahya's
possible aim was to install a civilian government which would include Bengalis in the
next few days in an attempt to outmaneuver India but it failed.
The Times-of London on December 6 writes "as Pakistan has rejected all the
warnings of such appeals as world leaders made, India believes she has no voice but
to enforce a solution for Bangladesh". It further goes on to say given the brutality of
Pakistan behavior in the East since March 25, given the suffering imposed on so many
millions of refugees and given the strong backing in Bangladesh for provincial
autonomy Pakistan enters the conflict at best with a weak and disreputable record.
The Daily Telegraph of London suggested on Dec. 6, "the best thing that could
happen on the circumstances would be an early Indian victory in Bangladesh so that
India could neutralize Pakistani offensives in the West.
Sir Alec Doglas Hume, British Foreign Secretary in a statement to the House of
Commons refrained from making any value judgment on the Indian subcontinent. The
leader of the opposition Mr. Harold Wilson associated himself with Sir Alec's attitude
in not arriving at a snap judgment on the issues raised by the fighting.
Mr. John Storehouse, the leader member of the Parliament and a former cabinet
member congratulated Sir Alec for not supporting the U. N. resolution and declared
that the world community was to be blamed for not recognizing the rights of the 75
million people of Bangladesh.
11 m,
m, 1971
In a statement circulated through the East German News Agency ADN, the East
German Government echoed the Soviet stand that the bloodshed in the Indian
subcontinent should be halted immediately. The statement said "East Germany was
and is not indifferent to the situation on the Indian subcontinent". It says "responsible
governments interested in world peace had made several appeals to Pakistan to
guarantee a peaceful settlement in Bangladesh. India also had made repeated
proposals for a peaceful political settlement but Gen. Yahya Khan did not see any
reason to it.
In Paris, French Communist Party in a statement said "Pakistan's declaration of a
state of war with India had created an extremely grave situation in Asia". The
statement further said "the conflict had been triggered by the Yahya Khan's
government's refusal to recognize the massive success of the Awami League in the
last year's elections".
449
s d t n
A commentator of the Communist Party newspaper L `Humanite said "It is

of great significance not to lose sight of its root causes. En the course of over 8
months it has been not an Indo-Pakistan conflict but a war unleashed in
Bangladesh by the Pakistani military authorities '.
The Times of London writes on December 7 "India has now affirmed the
political end of the war in Bangladesh in the hope that doing so the military end
will be reached sooner. No room is left for compromise, no protest from any
quarter, no ceasefire resolution at the United Nations or observers interjected
between the combatants will alter India's resolves." The Daily Telegraph of
London says "given India's policies and the stage which had been reached on
the ground in Bangladesh the decision had indeed become logical."
The Guardian writes "Bangladesh born on blood and desperation will not go
away now. Even if the international efforts for peace succeed Mrs. Gandhi's
recognition of a Awami League government will still stand backed by
substantial territorial control". The Reuter reports "Radio Moscow today
accused China of lack of sincerity in current moves in the United Nations to
find a peaceful solution to the Indo-Pakistan conflict". It further said "China
was colluding with the imperialists in betraying the national liberation
movements".
The New York Times of Dec. 7 accused President Nixon of supporting
Pakistan under the guise of neutrality in the Indo-Pakistan conflict. In all
editorial it says "everything failed to condemn the repression in Bangladesh or
to press for a genuine political settlement. The United States has now flatly
charged India with major responsible for the resulting international conflict
having waited months to suspend arms aid to Pakistan. The administration has
now promptly suspended military aid to India. This is hardly ‘absolute
neutrality The editorial further says "the United States efforts at the United
Nations first in the Security Council and now in the General Assembly have
been aimed at bringing about a simple cease-fire and withdrawal of forces".
Urgent and desirable as such action surely is, it cannot be practically effective
unless the United Nations and its leading members specially the United States
are prepared at the same time to recognize and attempt to deal with the root
cause of the problem with Pakistan.
With regard to President Nixon's last desperate bid to save his face by saying
that America would remain absolutely neutral in the South Asia conflict, the
editorial further said "President Nixon's declaration of absolute neutrality in
Indo-Pakistani conflict fails to conceal administration policies, which have in
fact, been obviously biased in favor of the government of President Yahya
Khan in Islamabad."
450
s d t n
tS
22। s 4 4"nd 4F" s 4 4"nd я - /m 1971
p( iя p t
15 я , 1971
SHOCKING WESTERN APATHY:
BANGLADESH NO BIAFRA OR INDONESIA
Western popular response to the tragedy of Bangladesh has been very slow in
warming up. The responsible press based at London, New York and Washington has
pointed this out more than once with elements of bewilderment. However, the
reaction to the cool reception, in the people of Bangladesh, has been quite sharp.
Because we know (hat thousands of innocent’s lives could have been saved only if
western people and governments could use their influence on the economically
bankrupt regime of Yahya to stop its totally uncalled-for genocidal war on the people
of Bangladesh. It was a better realization. We can't believe that twentieth century
civilization could remain a silent spectator to an outrage that negated and demolished
every one of its cherished norms. They hoped and waited. They hoped against hope
and waited. Lingering days grew into long weeks. Weeks into months. But little
happened except lip service.
What could be the reason for such bewildering apathy? The World press is already
calling the tragedy of Bangladesh as something than that of Vietnam. Yet where are
those thousands of white radicals, students and peaceniks who can work themselves
into frenzy over anything happening in South Africa or Vietnam? Why the militant
Black Power movement and Women's Lib are silent?
Yahya's genocidal war against Bangladesh is both racist and communal in
character. Yet where are those vociferous crusaders against racism? The whole apathy
tempts one believe that, despite the advances in technical civilization, the world has
remained spiritually where it was during the ages of colonialism and slave trade. It is
not divided into nationalities as we want to believe but into two distinct zones of
whites and colored’s with the latter overwhelmingly outnumbering the former. White
radicals suffer pangs of conscience only when whites set about the colored’s. But
when colored’s commit genocide among themselves they close their rank and seem
enjoy a common secret pleasure. White radical's conscience remains linen clean as
long as the whites remain out of the bloody game. I do hope I am not wrong in my
interpretation.
There may be a second reason behind this apathy. Yahya regime, aided by some
malevolently tendentious reporting of the tragedy by some irresponsible western
journalists, has succeeded in convincing a section of the whites that Bangladesh
* p g 1; " (

451
s d t n
liberation movement is actually a secessionist movement like that of Biafra and thus
can meet no other end but defeat. One Western radio still insists on calling our
liberation fighters separatist guerillas. Yahya's apologists also cite the example of
Indonesia's Suharto who successfully removed the extremely popular nationalist
leader Sukarno simply by decimating half a million alleged members of the PKI.
Emphasizing that Yahya, too, would find pace and keep Pakistan together simply by
decimating the Awami League and the Bengali intelligentsia. Just before the
launching of the genocide Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Karachi weekly Combat hinted at
these consequences with relish and with a view to warning the people of Bangladesh
against demanding too much of autonomy through Six Points formula.
Needless to say that all these beady-eyed fascists have been gazing through the
wrong end of the political telescope. They failed to sec that the Bangladesh liberation
struggle is not a secessionist movement and that the issues at stake are essentially
different from those of Biafra or Indonesia. In Indonesia Suharto succeeded because
he did not go for genocide and aimed only at the liquidation of the Communist Party
which did not enjoy even a quarter of the popular support enjoyed by Awami League
in Bangladesh. In Biafra, the issue was essentially tribal in nature and it was the revolt
of a small minority against an overwhelming majority. That was armed to the teeth,
and, as such, was doomed from the start. In Bangladesh, we have a clear cut case of
liberation movement. Here the majority of the populations have decided to rise after
23 years of brutal economic and political exploitation by the vested interests of West
Pakistan aided by a fascist army. It was impossible for them to remain in a union
where mutual trust and respect and not a common religion could be the only basis of
unity. Added to this, remains the unique geographical and ethnical reality.
The war is indeed a mad venture of the Army junta that still appear to be too pig-
headed to realize the extent or even the nature of their folly. It is a matter of great pity
that the western world in general could also be a victim of the same myopia.
16 я , 1971
UN PROVED IMPOTENT
The failure of the United Nations to act against the genocidal war of Pakistan's
military junta against the people of Bangladesh shocked world conscience more than
anything else. The suffering millions waited in vain for Secretary General U Thant to
Kit least to restrain the marauding hordes of the fascist junta from decimating
innocent men, women and children who had little concern with politics except that
they voted for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in an election conducted by Yahya himself.
The Indian delegation to United Nations tried his best to make U Thant take a positive
step to make the Security Council wake up to the threat to peace not only in the sub-
continent but also in e of Asia. Yet nothing came out of it except U Thant's offer of
humanitarian aid for distressed only if Yahya asked for it. But Yahya had no intention
of bringing succour
452
s d t n
to those whom he himself, with deliberation, has thrown into great misery. The
Secretary General, however, remained fully informed of the carnage and genocide
through one or two UN officials who were not evacuated during March. The shocking
tale, however, forced him to make public his private sorrow and disgust. He termed
the tragedy as one of the most horrifying in human history.
Presently world pressure is mounting for UN intervention in Bangladesh, Leading
British and American papers have called upon the Security Council to take up the
matter with due urgency. Whether the Secretary General can stir up the council
member sufficiently to call a meeting is something that we would not like to speculate
upon at this moment. But with USA and Britain still sitting on the fence and Soviet
Union too cautious to act hastily this may not be an easy matter for U Thant.
Whether the UN tries to Jive up to its great expectations for the first time in its
history or not, the people of Bangladesh and the freedom fighters would do better to
rely upon nobody else but themselves for liberation. The history of the United Nations
hardly encourage high hopes. It intervened several times in Africa but this or that big
power rendered its efforts sterile. We only have to look toward Congo, South Africa
or Rhodesia. There is a chance that UN intervention in Bangladesh would only
confuse the issue further and add to the misery of the suffering millions unless big
powers take direct interest in the inevitable independence of Bangladesh.
As the sole and moral spokesman of the people of Bangladesh-Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman raised the issue of Bangladesh in March when U Thant ordered his personnel
to withdraw from Bangladesh apprehending the massacre that followed. That should
have provided him with sufficient grounds to make UN come to the rescue of the
But all that is old history now. A Sot of blood has since flown under the bridge. 74
million Bengalees have survived the shock and are now regrouped and morally
reinforced and all poised to shatter the myth of Pak Army's prowess once and for all.
The ultimate victory is very much in view. All that is needed now is' total unity, and
unflinching patience and courage.
17 я , 1971
BRITISH PARLIAMENT DEBATES

BANGLADESH
Bangladesh has become once again a hot subject of debate in the British
Parliament, thanks to that section of Labor MPs who had also acted at the very
beginning of the carnage by demanding an immediate ceasefire. 120 Labor members
of the parliament have emphatically demanded the recognition of Bangladesh
government because, insist, that "with the widespread murder of civilians and
atrocities on a massive scale, the
453
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Pakistani Army forfeited all rights to rule East Bengal." In a motion tabled at the
House of Commons they called for a meeting of Security Council to consider the
threat to peace and contravention of the Genocide Convention.
It was indeed a bold step particularly when one realizes that the Conservatives
have the issue of Common Market at its disposal to get the mind of the British Public
off any other world problem including the horror in East Bengal. Political observers
believe that the British Government would stick to whatever policy toward the
Pakistani genocide it has so far been following despite opposition pressure. Still the
debate might help to make Sir Alec more cautious in accepting the promises of Yahya
about a political settlement on their face value. If that happens then British economic
aid to the Reactionary junta would be slow in coming and help the liberation
movement however indirectly, however modestly.
What the influential world politicians with conscience and human feelings could
do now is to expose the treacherous nature of Yahya and the group of lunatic general
backing him. Right from the day he usurped power while his ailing mentor Ayub
Khan kept the politicians busy with a fake Round Table Conference in 1969, he
continually played a game of unpardonable deception with the people of Pakistan,
particularly with the people of East Bengal. He proved himself a successful actor. The
whole country including the wily journalists were taken in by his put up show of
naive simplicity and plain talk. He did not miss a single occasion to stick out his
favorite antic "I'm a soldier-I talk straight and I mean business". Yet all along he was
planning with his mentally sick associates what he thought the "Final Solution" to the
demands for democracy in Pakistan and to autonomy for East Bengal. To hoodwink
the world he went through the expensive paraphernalia of an election. It did not cost
him anything but cost the taxpayer’s 8 crores of very hard-earned rupees. Foreigners
thought that the whole thing could not possibly be a hoax because a poor country like
Pakistan could not possibly afford to allow such an expensive election go waste. Well,
they did not know much about Pakistani military madness. Nor did we. Thus the
history's worst betrayal of the people, that remained also the decade's most well-
guarded secret, was given effect on the night of 25th of March. That Yahya and his
associates are some of the most deceitful liars of this century was further proved from
the lame explanation he put forward in defense of his genocidal war on Bangladesh.
On March 26 in his broadcast he said that he had no choice but to act the way he did
because the Awami League has been trying to run a parallel government during
March and because Pakistani flag and Mr. Jinnah's picture were torn and army
personnel were insulted by the public. His henchmen could not think fast enough to
put forward the Awami League plot of revolt in Dacca and Chittagong and
consequent arrest of Yahya and his generals-an excuse that was extended about a
month later for the world press. His recent speeches show that he likes the latter story
and considers it suitable for convincing foreign governments.
The fact is that his lies are as clear as daylight now. He has proved himself a
lowdown conspirator, and an unrepenting murderer. Despite his boasts about soldier
ship
454
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he and his henchmen generals are a disgrace to the uniforms they wear. It is only
a matter of time before the Army proves itself a traitor even to the people of West
Pakistan. Yahya has already used an over-clever, greedy and over-ambitious Bhutto in
his conspiracy against the people of East Bengal. The playboy politician has now been
pushed into oblivion. But the junta has a more vicious role for him in view as soon as
they can finish with the problem in the East.
Thus, any promise coming from such a confirmed liar and a traitor as. Yahya
should cut no ice with Western governments that sincerely wish to see a people's rule
in East Bengal which has now evolved into an irreversible People's Republic of
Bangladesh. A political settlement can be possible only if the conditions put forward
by Syed Nazrul Islam, Acting President, People's Republic of Bangladesh, in his radio
broadcast of 6th June are accepted unconditionally:
These are -
a) Release Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and all political prisoners.
b) Total withdrawal of all Pakistani soldiers from the soil of Bangladesh.
c) Recognition of the Government of Bangladesh.
d) Compensation for the economic exploitation of East Bengal since 1947 and
indemnities for the war losses imposed on Bangladesh since March 25.
25 я , 1971
MORE US ARMS FOR KILLING BENGALEES:

AAPSO FAILS TO UNDERSTAND BANGLADESH
The U. S. Government's concern for the victims of Pakistani genocidal war on the
people of Bangladesh that has already taken a toll of about one million innocent lives
came under suspicions once again with some fresh shipment of military hardware for
Pakistan. Despite the pledge given by the State Department to the Congress about the
stoppage of all military aid to Pakistan after March 25, two Pakistani freighters sailed
from New York with deadly equipment. The licenses were issued, as has been
admitted by the State Department official, on March 31 and April 6. He said that the
government decision of March 26 to stop arms shipment look several days to be put
into effect.
Whether such an excuse of common lapse can be accepted as genuine has been
questioned by a personality no less than that of Senator Stuart Symington. He said:
the fact that these shipments have gone forward indicated that the State Department
either did not know what was going on or misled the Congress." Senator Edward
Kennedy n already challenged the U. S. government about the truthfulness of its
promises. Meanwhile comes the news that a third ship has also sailed for Pakistan
carrying & probably war goods. The incident that has shocked the world along with
the entire U.S.
455
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public is sure to rock Secretary of State, William Rogers, if not the White House
itself. We in Bangladesh wonder if the existence of a pro-Pakistan cell within the
State Department is possible-a cell that cleverly manipulated the movement of files to
create technical delays necessary for the Pakistani freighters to load and sail before
the government decision is officially effected. Is it also possible that the Pakistani
military-junta bribed some key officials to obtain clearance for their deadly cargo that
is sure to be used in the genocide of Bengalese? It would be for the Secretary of State
to probe into the matter and eliminate the cell if it really exists.
The least the U. S. government could do now to prove its sincerity is to intercept
the ships on the high seas and seize the cargo. There is no time to be lost. Pakistani
killers are clever enough to transfer the cargo to ships flying different flags to evade
any action.
Another sad episode appears-this time from the mid-eastern front. The Afro-Asian
Peoples Solidarity Organisation that held its 10th session in Damascus this week,
failed to find enough sympathy for the million dead and over 5 million refugees of
Bangladesh caused by the Pakistani fascist junta. Being forced by the unrelenting
pressure of the Indian delegate a brief resolution was passed that expresses least
amount of sympathy possible for the victims of the tragedy. Kabir Ahmed, a
representative from Bangladesh, was allowed to be present at the sessions, but was
not allowed to speak. Why the Arab countries who dominated the scene failed to find
sufficient grounds to condemn history's worst crimes against humanity perpetrated by
the Pakistani military junta appears like a paradox. The debate on the issue proved
shockingly controversial and it was clear that the representatives of Libya, Syria,
UAR and Nigeria were too prejudiced by the official religion of Pakistan to pay much
attention to the crimes committed in its name. Nigeria of course, could not support the
cause of Bangladesh because it itself committed a similar crime in suppressing its
minority population of Blafra. Libya is a mediaeval monarchy with little concern for
democratic principles. Since the death of Nasser, UAR has fast moved towards
rightist fanaticism. It is quite significant that, contrary to the altitudes displayed by the
reactionary Arab Governments, Yassir Arafat, the leader of Palestinian Guerrilla
Organisation Al Fattah has expressed his unreserved solidarity with the people of
Bangladesh struggling for freedom against some of the most detestable criminals of
history. It is a matter of great regret that the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity
Organisation has found enough grounds to express its solidarity with these criminals
instead of 75 million people struggling for independence and democratic rights. This
very act of the Arab States delivers a terrible blow to the fundamental principles of
Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation.
4 o 5 яi,
i, 1971
EMERGENCE OF SECULARISM
One of the most significant resultants of the liberation struggle now being waged in
Bangladesh against an army that is sick with communalism has been the emergence of
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secularism. For the first lime in known history-Moslems and Hindus faced a common
enemy without a trace of internal dissension. Both suffered equally and both are now
resolved to destroy the enemy once and for all so that they would be able to live in a
free land where social relations particularly the relation between religious
communities would be founded on a totally new economic base that would guarantee
inter-community peace.
The emergence of secularism that has now been irreversibly consolidated actually
found a popular base during the Language Movement of 1952. This is probably the
only movement that has been almost exclusively interested by students and later
nourished by the intelligentsia.
The communal riots that occurred in East Bengal were almost always provoked by
the ruling clique with the aid of a section of non-Bengali refugees. These refugees,
being bitter victims of the partition always proved willing collaborators in the hope of
expropriating the property belonging to minority community if they could be forced to
leave for India, In the communal frenzy of 1950 a section of Bengali Muslims were
also tempted by the then Muslim League into believing in similar material gains.
The main grievance that the Muslim community put forward to build a case for
Pakistan in Bengal was the economic dominance of the Hindu community. After
partition the situation reversed abruptly in East Bengal but the vested interests
continued to use the old bogey for their own ends. The Kashmir issue proved very
handy for a time.
Then came the beginning of the great awakening, Soon Bengali Moslems began to
recognize the real forces of economic exploitation that were tightening their grip on
the rich soil of East Bengal. Soon after the creation of Pakistan the blue-print for
transforming East Bengal into a virtual colony had been drawn up by the vicious
military-capitalist-bureaucratic entente based in West Pakistan. The first onslaught
came through the embargo over Bengali language. The aim was that if Urdu could be
imposed on the people as the only State Language the cultural, political and economic
dominance would automatically pass to the 3 per cent of the population whose mother
tongue happened to be Urdu. Bengalees smothered the design successfully. But
communalism still remained a lever in the hands of the ruling clique, After 1952, East
Bengalees felt the need for a sane, normal relationship with neighboring India. This
frightened the rulers because anti-Indian jingoism had helped them so much in their
political deception and economic exploitation of the people. They made a desperate
attempt at reviving communalism in East Bengal in 1964 in the wake of the
communal disturbances that took place in India over that missing prophet's heir from
a shrine in Kashmir. This time the division was clear. One side, aided by the military
regime of Ayub Khan, those non-Bengalis were all set to create a bloodbath.
Opposing them came out the entire Bengali Moslem community led by the
intelligentsia. Newspapers came out with 8-column banners urging people to counter
the vicious design, For the first time in history Moslems died trying to save Hindus
from murderous knives. The outcome was spectacular. The riot was quelled
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This popular inclination for secularism frightened the regime that desperately
looked for yet another way to revive the old scourge. The Indo-Pak war over Kashmir
that came only a year later was a direct outcome of this policy, A section of the
intellectuals were bought over by the regime to rouse popular frenzy against India.
But the people were not at all convinced about the necessity of a war over a piece of
land that they have never seen. Shastri Government's decision to not to attack East
Bengal reinforced the justification further.
The credit for this steady growth of secularism in a people that only 23 years ago
thought in terms of nothing else but religion should particularly go to the popular
political parties. The Awami League initiated the march of sanity when the party
decided to introduce joint electorate system for Pakistan and dropped the word
"Muslim" from its nomenclature. This also quickly won over a large section of the
minority community for its membership. Other left parties also steadfastly held on to
secular political concept. During the election campaign of 1970 rightist parties with
clear backing of Yahya regime and foreign reactionary forces tried to revive
communalism. They were thoroughly beaten,
One might ask-can there be a revival of communalism once Bangladesh becomes a
free country with a Muslim majority? The answer is no because through the liberation
struggle most of the built-in economic antagonisms of the society are being
eliminated. A new beginning would be made where ability and need would be the
only criteria of economic distribution. Neither religious denominations nor the social
set up that existed prior to March 25 would have any relevance to the processes of the
new state.
5 яi,
i, 1971
BRITISH DELEGATION SLATES YAHYA, TIKKA
The British Parliamentary delegation that visited the occupied areas of Bangladesh
last week has not only overcome the traditional British passion for understatements
but has come out with a clear indictment against the law of jungle that has been
introduced by Pakistan's military regime over the land of Bangladesh. Arthur
Bottomly, a former Labor Minister, and the leader of the delegation tried his best to
remain dispassionate despite the signs of horror that he and his fellow members
witnessed during their army-conducted tour of certain areas of the occupied zone.
While in India, although his teammate conservative M, P. Toby Jessel emphatically
denounced Yahya regime for the genocide he and his army committed against the
unarmed people of Bangladesh. Mr. Bottomly remained satisfied with somewhat non-
committal euphemisms. But as soon as he reached London he woke up at least
partially to the great responsibility that he and his team had laid on them. He did not
mince words. He said: "President Yahya's administration had totally failed in
Bangladesh." He further said, "this is clear, we are convinced of it," Mr. Isonomy in a
statement on behalf of the team put Tikka Khan, the
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executioner of lakhs of Bengali men, women and children, on the dock. He said
that "Tikka Khun has no understanding of the economic and social aspects of
the situation. His army not only committed atrocities hut it is continuing to do
so." The team also found Yahya an arrogant power drunk man when he turned
down (he team's request to let them meet Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Yahya
apparently denounced Sheikh as a criminal. Thus the architect of the murder of
a million unarmed men, women and children, denounces the unchallenged
leader of 75 million people and a men who till the moment he was arrested
believed in democratic principles and civilized codes of behavior. This indeed
is a irony of history.
Toby Jessel, the conservative M.P. has now become, after what he saw in
Bangladesh with his own eyes, a forthright champion of the cause of the people
of Bangladesh. He is likely to strengthen the hands of that tireless sympathizer
of Bangladesh tragedy Labor M. P. John Stonehouse. As soon as the team
reached London Airport Mr. Jessel told newsmen that refugees would not go
back home until they are asked to do so by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman himself.
Labor M. P. Reginald Prentice, another member of the team said in reply to
a question (hat in 99 cases out of a hundred he would be against using
economic aid as a lever. But in the present case of Pakistan it was justified.
Now it would be for the delegation to force a hearing of their report in the
Parliament. They must do everything in their power to force the British
Government to wake up lo its responsibility as the former splitter of the sub-
continent. The split is no longer working. A new balance of power must be
found. If Bengali Muslims had the right to vote into Pakistan, they also have
the right to vote out of it. It is for Britain to see that this right is not denied by a
junta of mad generals. Britain must not only stop all economic and military aid
to Pakistan but should also see that the state of Bangladeshis guaranteed of its
independence.
8 o 10 яi,
i, 1971
AWAM1 LEAGUE OPTS FOR MILITARY SOLUTION
Over 300 elected representatives of the Awami League met somewhere in
Bangladesh early this week to discuss the future course of the Liberation
Struggle that has entered a crucial and most probably, the decisive stage this
week. The members met and the discussions were not open to journalists. All
the members apparently resolved to fight for a military solution of the problem.
It was decided to carry on the liberation war with new revolutionary zeal and
annihilate on me soil of Bangladesh all invading soldiers from Pakistan. The
entire machinery of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
would now be fully geared toward this end.
With this decision comes to an end all speculations about a so-called
political solution of the problem. A political solution always meant nothing else
but a political understanding or rapprochement with Yahya regime-a regime
that has already taken a
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million Bengalee lives and has rendered millions and millions rootless,
homeless and jobless. The very suggestion of any such so-called understanding
within the framework, of Pakistan should have appeared totally repugnant not
only to the freedom loving Bengalees but also to the radical sympathizers
around the world. But many a genuine well wisher of the people of Bangladesh
kept asking for a handshake with the killers with the hope that this might bring
to an end further massacres of innocent people. Luckily Yahya and this
arrogant brutes cared little about world opinion. Yahya has certainly helped the
liberation movement with his arrogant broadcast of June 28. That made the
situation crystal clear. The only solution to the problem is a military rout of the
invading army and the rout must be carried out by no foreign power but by the
Bengalees themselves. What the sympathetic foreign governments can do now
is to stop all aid to Pakistan and extend all moral and material support to
Bangladesh.
The world, particularly the people of Bangladesh were shocked to hear
about the continued arms aid from USA to the killer junta. Many Bengalese
thought this might help to defeat the Liberation Forces. One must not lose a
second to point out that the arms are not going to make much of a difference to
the victorious assaults of the Liberation army. As it is, Pakistan has enough
arms in stock to run this war for another year. What do you think they were
doing with the lion's share of national budget keeping the country underfed for
last two decades? They were piling up arms. In addition, Chinese arms pipeline
is always loaded. The American arms on top of this only shows Pak junta's
nervousness. But they haven't enough of one thing that would not be, supplied
either by China or by America and that is manpower willing to die seeking
victory not for themselves but for the callous murderers. Pakistan's total
number of men in arms would not exceed 250 thousand. Of this lot, the junta
can deploy no more than 100,000 in to die in Bangladesh because the rest
would be needed for the protection of West Pakistan borders. Of the 70,000
odd already sent to Bangladesh over 30,000 are either dead or badly wounded.
The families of the casualties are not receiving even the insurance money that
they are entitled to in the event of a war. The killer regime was clever enough
not to declare its bloody adventure in the East as a war. This has caused so
much unrest among the affected that processions demanding compensation
from the bankrupt regime have started to come out in West Pakistan towns.
This unrest has a built-in mechanism to grow and grow as casualties mount and
mount in Bangladesh. On the other hand, Mukti Bahini has an unlimited source
of manpower. Today the volunteers who have dedicated themselves to the
Liberation struggle would number over 300,000. And the Mukti Bahini has
only to give a call-there would be a million young fighters ready to die for their
motherland. Thus, not only Pakistan cannot run this war long enough without
destroying itself economically but militarily, too, it is doomed to defeat.
There is only one way to hasten this inevitable conclusion and that is by
providing the Mukti Bahini with heavier arms and aircraft. The People's
Republic of Bangladesh must find these. These are not impossible to get.
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12 o 22 яi,
i, 1971
NOT ‘SEPARATISM’: A WAR OF LIBERATION
A section of the world seems to be in the habit of referring to the struggle for
emancipation of the people of Bangladesh as a 'secessionist or a separatist movement'.
This indeed builds an impression similar to that of the separatist movements of the
French-speaking people of Canada or the Flemish-speaking people of Belgium. This
also builds an image about the future-a future similar to that of Katanga of Congo or,
lately, of Biafra. General readers have little time to go through the pros and cons of
the upheaval to discover that the movement in Bangladesh is significantly distinct
from any of the upsurges mentioned earlier. Although the sympathy for the plight of
the people of Bangladesh following the genocidal war launched by Pakistan against
them is universal, few of the newspapers, especially those of USA, take the trouble to
explain the significant difference and to emphasize that in the case of Bangladesh the
end is bound to be nothing else but victory unlike Katanga or Biafra. Part of this vital
discrepancy is due to the comparative ignorance of the correspondents themselves
about the real nature of the movement. But to a great extent it is a deliberate attempt
at downgrading the liberation movement-an attempt that is being constantly made by
these forces who want to preserve the political status quo in the subcontinent for their
own ends.
Perhaps time is here to explain to the world once again, in clearest possible terms,
the radical distinction that exists between the national liberation struggle now being
waged by the people of Bangladesh against a foreign army and a secessionist or
separatist movement. Pakistan came into being because various nationalities of the
sub-continent belonging to the religion of Islam chose to avoid the overwhelming
economic and political domination of the Hindu majority. At the Lahore meet of the
Muslim League in 1940 they agreed to work for the achievement of Pakistan on the
condition that each region coining within the new state would be granted sovereignty
and total economic and political autonomy. The historic Lahore Resolutions promised
to ensure such a loose federation. This shows that the then Muslim League,
recognized the ethnical, cultural and linguistic differences that existed among the
nationalities that lived in various parts of this vast sub-continent inspite of the fact that
they followed the same religion. What the Muslim League strived for was to create a
new state where a lasting unity would be achieved among the various nationalities of
the union through an equitable and rational distribution of economic resources and
political power. In fact, the very future of the new state depended entirely on the
realisation of this fundamental premise-a premise that was to be founded on mutual
trust and respect-a premise that did not exist in 1947 when the state of Pakistan came
into being.
In the ecstasy of the freedom from colonial rule after two hundred grueling years
few of the Moslems in partitioned Bengal had the time to examine the real nature of
the power transfer. Quietly the British colonial government left the reins of power to
those who would serve their interest best in the sub-continent. We found a group of
capitalists,
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bureaucrats and army officers who, in general, had played anti-independence, anti-
people role during the entire freedom movement firmly placed in the seats of power,
Almost overnight these anti-people products of British Raj, who served the Raj so
well, transformed themselves into defenders of the new state, defenders of its integrity
and religion-integrity and religion as they interpreted them. Needless to say, their
interpretations were tailored to help the preservation of their stranglehold on the new
state's economy, and polity. They had no intention of striving for that cherished
foundation of the artificial union. I call the union artificial because a mere common
religion can never be the basis of international unity. Because, then there would have
been no need for so many Arab states or the need of such a high boundary wall
between Pakistan and Afghanistan both of whom have Islam as their state religion. An
equitable distribution of economic resources and political power in Pakistan would
have meant the emergence of a truly democratic state something that this capitalist-
bureaucratic-military entente dreaded most.
Thus began the sordid story of one of the most brutal colonial exploitations in
history. The large geographical distance between the two regions came to the
advantage of the clique. On top the general apathy of the people of West Pakistan
toward politics proved an added advantage. Fascist repression helped to perpetuate the
shameless exploitation of East Bengal until a time came when the Bengalees cried
out-enough. The clique, under the leadership of a fascist military junta, knew from the
beginning that their exploitation of the people of East Bengal could not go on
unchallenged forever and ever. Keeping this in view they kept strict surveillance on
the armed forces so that the percentage of Bengalees in the forces never exceeded 10
per cent or so. And this way they thought they had ruled out any possibility of an
armed rebellion. But history has surprised them.
The rest of the story is too familiar to repeat here. It has gone into the blackest
phase of human history. Pakistan was born divided and the clique that captured power
and still holding on to it never made an attempt to find a basis of unity with the
Bengali nation in the east. It is only the natural patience of this nation that helped to
linger the doomed union for 23 long years.
That the people of Bangladesh are racially, culturally and linguistically different
from other nationalities of West Pakistan has been amply proved by the genocidal war
that has been unleashed by the Pakistani junta. They have massacred innocent men,
women and children. Indiscriminate rape of Bengali women and other indignities
inflicted on them are so barbaric and inhuman in nature that only Hitler's racists
madness could be compared with this. Such atrocities could never be inflicted on a
nation by the members of the same nation or race whatever the degree of madness or
megalomania.
Secession or separatism is essentially intra-national in nature. A section of one
nation rises to secede from the rest seeking to safeguard its regional interests. But
when a nation seeks to break out of an artificial union-a union that in essence is
comparable to a
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colonial empire, it clearly becomes a case of national liberation struggle. A case of

struggle for freedom from colonialism. Human history is replete with many, many
such instances. The United States of America, China or the Soviet Union-all have go
through this unavoidable and irreversible stage of national liberation from foreign
domination. Today if the same slates oppose or even play the part of a silent onlooker
they become guilty of betrayal of the same cause that they once cherished-a cause for
which they laid down lives by millions.
13 яi,
i, 1971
CAUSES OF ARAB APATHY TOWARD BANGLADESH
When misfortunes come they come in battalions-so goes the proverb a la
Shakespeare. But never could one think that nature would pick the people of
Bangladesh to make the proverb come true even if it is only for once in a century. No
human being with a heart in the right place would ever want such grisly extermination
campaign to take place in a Country that was still groggy' from century's worst
cyclonic calamity that claimed not less than two million lives only a few months ago.
But it did happen and to rub it in further came that inexplicable international apathy-
particularly from governments of super powers who could do so much to stop this
mad, heinous crime of the Pakistani junta against the civilization as a whole. As if that
was not enough. Soon the Bengalees heard that some Arab government are finding it
difficult even to express some sympathy for the disgraced humanity in Bangladesh let
alone condemning the beastly crimes of the killer junta. Such a shocking antipathy
caused in them more heartache than Nixon administration's open collusion with the
murderers because, dating from Suez Crisis. Bengalees never missed an opportunity
to stand behind the Arabs in their hour of need despite the fact that all the Pakistani
regimes followed a dubious policy that actually supported the imperialist plot against
Arab freedom. This was never forgotten by President Nasser as long as he was alive.
Every time he had a visitor from Pakistan he would point out the sofa on which the
then Pakistani foreign minister sat just before he went to London to intimate the
support of his regime for British aggression in the wake of Egyptian nationalization of
the Suez Canal. But things have changed radically since the disappearance of Nasser.
We'll come back to that later.
I must put the facts vis-a-vis Arab response to Bangladesh freedom movement in
their correct perspectives. Things are not really all black for us there. We must clearly
recognize who are really giving tacit approval to Pakistani crimes and who are not.
Saudi Arab government has been the first to come to Pakistan's aid. She was followed
by other medieval monarchies of the desert land. We must not hasten to condemn
these governments outright because we must try to understand why, for what interest
would (hey approve of such a horrible massacre of a people-an overwhelming
majority of whom are devout Moslems. Their reaction to Pakistani appeal for support
was somewhat natural. Being thoroughly feudal in outlook these monarchies have
little concern or love
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for the democratic aspirations of the common masses. Common masses in these
countries live in a state of serfdom and suffer perhaps one of world's wretched
existences. What appealed to these governments is the clever religious overture of the
Pakistani junta. As there were few Bengalees around to point out the facts, the
Pakistani regime had a free field and made these monarchies believe that Islam was in
danger in Bengal and that its Moslem population were fast becoming non-Moslems
and were trying to join a Hindu dominated India. So Pakistan had, as it made them
believe, no choice but to launch a 'Jehad" and safeguard Islam in East Bengal. It was a
pill that came easy and the monarchs being totally ignorant about East Bengal
swallowed it no less easily. Obviously there was none to point out that these self-
styled defenders of Islam were not only the usurpers of political power in Pakistan,
but themselves led a life that was in total contradiction with the tenets of Quran and
Sunnah. There was none also to tell them that Pakistani army was actually butchering
devout Moslems by their thousands and were destroying places of worship for no
other reason hut in its attempt to crush Bengali nation's will to bring to an end the
brutal economic and political exploitation of the West Pakistani military-bureaucratic-
capitalist entente. Saudi newspapers that published pro-Pakistan articles by
correspondents who had never been within even a thousand miles of Bangladesh and
were totally fed with Yahya's press releases. That explains the monarchist attitude.
But why the standard bearers of Arab socialism have gone against the people of
Bangladesh who stood by them through thick and thin? They too have nothing to gain
by approving the Pakistani butchery. What then has gone wrong with their proclaimed
solidarity with the peoples of the world striving for national liberation? As I was
saying earlier, something has gone radically wrong with Arab socialism since the
demise of Nasser. UAR is clearly shifting to the night-toward reaction. This
contention can be supported by citing the systematic suppression by Sadat
government of moderate socialists and simultaneous concessions for the fascist
Moslem Brotherhood, an Egyptian counterpart of Pakistan's Jamat-i-Islami, a vicious
sect that was ruthlessly suppressed by Nasser himself. The trend is very much same in
countries like Syria and Lebanon where Egypt has great influence. Thus, the attitude
of the non-monarchist Arab governments is, in essence, similar to that of the
monarchists because they, too, have been blinded by the Pakistani hoax in the name of
Islam.
But, even in this darkly atmosphere of ignorance and bigotry, comes a shaft of
light from the direction of those freedom fighter of the Arab world who are now
simultaneously confronting two enemies-Israel from without and the monarchist
governments from within. The Palestinian commando organizations like AI Fattah
and EPLP who are now locked in a grim battle in Jordan against Hussain's troops that
also include Pakistani soldiers have expressed their solidarity with the freedom
fighters of Bangladesh. The similarity of the plight of the people of Bangladesh and
Palestine, if could be explained to the Arab people, I'm positive that entire Arab world
would come to know about the Pakistani crime and would unequivocally express their
solidarity with the people of Bangladesh.
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17 яi,
i, 1971
NIXON GOES TO PEKING AS BANGLADESH BLEEDS
So the cat is out of the bag at last. China is not really 'East1 and the U.S.A is not
really "West'-The twain can meet. President Nixon's decision to visit Peking at latter's
invitation is probably a happening that is much more significant that many of us are
able to visualise at the moment. Until the genocidal war on the people of Bangladesh
who could have thought that such a meeting was possible before the end of this
century?
Those virulent Peking radio broadcasts against Yankee imperialism still ring in the
ear making eyes blink in disbelief. Thus, Peking has come forward to disprove its own
so loudly drummed thesis that the contradiction between the highest stage of
capitalism that was termed by Lenin as imperialism and revolutionary socialism is
irreconcilable. Now the fact that President Nixon, probably the most rightist US
President ever, has actually been invited by Peking hierarchy perhaps indicates that
Peking's Neo-socialism and brutal US imperialism cannot only coexist but a lot
greater intimacy is very much possible. There is little doubt now that Chou en Lai's
China will be admitted in the United Nations at the first available opportunity. The
immediate casualty of the union would be Chiang's Formosa. But in the long run the
real victim is likely to be Soviet Union.
After Formosa only country that is likely to be extremely concerned about this
Sino-American wedlock is the People's Republic of Bangladesh. As more facts
emerge into light it is becoming increasingly clear that Pakistani junta played an
important role in bringing about this hitherto unthinkable marriage. Both the parties
were apparently ready to be bedfellows for quite a few months but there had to be a
third party enjoying the confidence of both to crack the 23-year old ice Pakistani
regime looked quite suitable. A common sickening obsession about India led China
and Pakistan to believe that they were good friend and that they had a lot in common.
On the other had, since its inception,. Pakistan played second fiddle to American
foreign policy and actively collaborated with imperialist plots around the world. One
should never forget Pakistan's betrayal of Arab cause during Suez Crisis. Pakistan
agreed to do the match-making but demanded in return Chinese and American support
for its grisly murder plan against the people of Bangladesh. As it has been proved
later, Pakistan was promised a so-called "noninterference" in her crimes. Thus,
probably knowing fully well that these would be used to massacre innocent people of
Bangladesh, China went on supplying huge quantities of small and medium weight
arms and ammunition. She even devised a 3-man mini-tank suitable for use in small
towns of sub-tropical Bangladesh. These were the tanks that were used in the
demolition-cum-massacre operation in Dacca, Chittagong, Narayanganj, Khulna,
Jessore and Comilla. On the other hand, there are reasons to believe that the Nixon
Administration, particularly the Central Intelligence Agency, knew well in advance of
the massacre plan of the Pakistani military junta. What delayed the public admission
of White House that U.S.A. was continuing arms aid to Pakistan despite State
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Department's pledge to the contrary to the Congress was nothing else but a mounting
public opinion against the Pakistani genocide. Pakistan could not find a single
newspaper in the whole of the United States, nor a TV or Radio network to invent
some excuse for I its gruesome crimes in Bangladesh. One must note that Nixon's
adviser Dr. Kissinger was allowed to come to Pakistan to make his secret trip to meet
the Chinese leaders only after I White House announced that Nixon Administration
intends to continue arms and economic aid to Pakistan. It was a kind of blackmail to
which Nixon perhaps submitted unwillingly. He would have preferred the traditional
U. S. method of doing things i. e. do everything say nothing. But such a silence was
proving crucial for Yahya and his gang of murderers in the power tussle within the
army. But admitting the offence publicly Nixon has been forced to give the political
advantage to the Democrats in the coming elections. But he has also calculated the
gains. If he manages to bring about a lasting friendship with China that would help
withdrawal of U. S. troops from Indo-China without really losing political control
over it he stands a good chance of neutralizing the Democrats.
Thus China and America have got a date for themselves at the expense of a million
lives in Bangladesh and 6 million Bengali refugees in India. Such a callous
manoueuvre in political opportunism would surely help to write some of the darkest
pages of human history. China a self-proclaimed defender of the rights of suffering
humanity condoned the crime clearly for a political advantage in its global strategy
against the Soviet Union. USA, the standard bearer of history's most vicious
imperialism, in this joint effort at undercutting the Soviet Union, seeks even greater
political domination of the world. China is yet to become a super power but the Soviet
Union is already one. This is a very clever way of undermining its influence. As
things stand now, there is no likelihood of a Chinese display of similar political
accommodation for the Russians.
But what is going to happen to us? Are we the people or Bangladesh to be doomed
in the cause of Sino-American friendship? However, political observers are more
inclined to believe that Sino-American honeymoon may in the long run mean better
days for Bangladesh. The new understanding may result in the softening of Chinese
attitude toward India. Moreover, now that the main purpose has been realized it is
unlikely that the marriage partners would continue to go out of their way to please the
marriage broker. The solution of the Bangladesh problem i. e. total independence
could be hastened only if the Soviet Union begin to take greater active interest.
Now a question to ponder. Has Washington become more socialist or Peking more
capitalist?
23 яi,
i, 1971
YAHYA PREPARES TO MURDER SHEIKH
We the people of Bangladesh are now shock-proof. Naturally, thus, we were not
startled to hear about Yahya's determination to murder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman after
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going through the minimal paraphernalia of a trial by military Court. Nobody

expected a more civilized behavior from these morbid fascists. They have more than
established by now that they are not only totally devoid of those human values that
constitute the line of demarcation between animals and human beings but are too
drunk with arrogance to recognize even their own impending doom. Now that they
have totally failed to deceive the world about the crimes they have committed against
humanity in Bangladesh they have given up pretending altogether. Their naked
designs-so obnoxious to civilized sensibilities-are now being publicized through its
publicity media. That they are making the civilized world shudder in disgust matters
little to them.
Fairplay and magnanimity are words unknown to the dictionary of cowards. It
would be only foolish to expect any civilized treatment of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
from such confirmed cowards as Yahya and his conspiring Generals. The Sheikh, if
he wanted, could have escaped in time. But being a brave democrat and a man with
supreme faith in civilized codes of behavior considered the idea distasteful. But he
was clever enough not to put all the eggs in the same basket and had ordered his party
men to seek shelter outside the domain of the Pakistani Army in case they go berserk.
The Army came, surrounded his house and opened fire around the midnight of March
25. Sheikh a man of great moral power, came out on the balcony and asked the Army
Officer to arrest him and stop that shooting nonsense. This gesture was regarded by
that towering coward Tikka Khan as a great victory. Tikka Khan who is totally devoid
of almost all the human characteristics would have loved to put his prize captive to
death had it not been for Yahya-who wanted to play around with the gallant leader of
75 million Bengalees a little longer. He did not trust trigger-happy Tikka. Sheikh was
soon transferred to a military prison in West Pakistan. As the massacre continued in
Bangladesh Sheikh was being coerced to sign a so-called "agreement" that meant a
virtual political sell-out of the people of Bangladesh. Naturally, alcohol and power
drunk Yahya did not know the stuff Sheikh was made of. Despite menacing threats
coupled with physical torture Sheikh successfully resisted the nefarious move and
held on to the trust reposed in him by 75 million freedom-hungry people of
Bangladesh. Consequently came the threat of his trial by military court. The way
some of world's biggest powers are appeasing the Pakistani fascists, it is not unlikely
that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman will be murdered and the world will have the memory of
yet another great patriot like Patrice Lumumba on its conscience. And the murderers
will not end there. Sheikh's family now living under house arrest in Dacca's
Dhanmondi Residential area may not be spared either.
One might wonder about the role that the U. N. might play in this regard.
Lumumba died under its very nose in the hands of Katanga fascists led by Moise
Tshombe. But the U. N. did play a role there. It's the then Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold gave his life trying to find a solution. U Thant before he retires could
at least impress upon the members of the Security Council about the grave threat to
international peace that is hiding in any possible murder of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Indications are there that the U. N. is stirring up about Bangladesh-particularly after
Yahya's lunatic threat of war against India. But there are influential coteries within U.
N. who might like to avoid the real
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responsibility by simply devising some form of cushioning pad between India and
Pakistan should they decide to clash suddenly. Avoiding the real issue-the issue of
Bangladesh freedom-has been the U. N. role so far. But it is also clear that it wants to
avoid an Indo-Pak showdown over Bangladesh. It is time it realizes that-not India-but
Pakistan would force a flare-up as soon as it realizes that it can no longer hold out in
Bangladesh. It has been paying a heavy price in men and money to retain a semblance
of control over Urban Bangladesh. But the Liberation Forces are making even that
existence rather miserable by stepped-up offensive. Desperately Yahya sought
Chinese help and persuaded China to commit interference in Bangladesh's affair by
supplying 200 odd Chinese experts who are to prop up the tottering strategy and
logistics of the Pakistan Army. Presence of Chinese troops on Bangladesh soil has
pushed the area a step further toward the bloodbath dreaded by political observers.
Time is certainly here for the U. N. to do something about it and not by sending so-
called 'observers' to inspect India-Bangladesh border. Only way to halt this slide
toward a bigger disaster is by forcing the illegal and immoral Pakistani government to
leave the soil of Bangladesh.
As for ourselves: we shall retaliate on the battlefield. Let us remind Yahya about
the fate that the murderer of Lumumba had in store for himself. Tshombe not only lost
his Katanga-but himself died rather ingloriously when lots of hot bullets flew through
his guts. Yahya's end will be no more glorious.
24 o 28 яi,
i, 1971
INDIAN MOSLEMS MISLED
There are unmistakable indications that a section of Indian Moslems are finding it
difficult to sympathies with the suffering millions of Bangladesh. They seem to be
more inclined to have faith in the lies that are being spread by saboteurs, spies and
agents-provocateur planted in their midst by the Pakistani military junta. Our Calcutta
correspondent reports that, clandestinely published leaflets in Urdu carrying vicious
lies against the people of Bangladesh are being distributed by Pakistani agents. Most
unnerving of all is the report that these leaflets are not only being quoted in a section
of Indian Urdu press but some irresponsible editors feel roused enough to publish
lurid accounts of imaginary massacres of Urdu-speaking refugees by Bengali
nationalists during the month of March-just before the genocidal war of Yahya. These
dispatches' claim that lakhs of 'Beharis' were massacred in Dacca, Chiuagong, Khulna
and other areas in the wake of the non-violent movement launched by Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman on 1st of March. They also claim that if Yahya did not start the counter
massacre of Bengali population the entire Urdu-speaking population would have been
wiped out.
What a convenient apology for Yahya's mass murder in Bangladesh and it
coincides so well with a claim of word-to-word similarity put out by the military
regime when .its earlier claims of equally fantastic nature failed to dupe the world.
The travesty of truth in these malicious reports is so perfect that it is too embarrassing
to make even an attempt at a reply. But a reply must be given.
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During the 25 days that followed Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib's call for peaceful,
non-violent non-cooperation movement not single case of non-Bengali death was
reported from any place in Bangladesh. Only some West Pakistanis who were
escaping from Dacca with substantial wealth in cash and gold were intercepted by
student volunteers Although the army provoked them by opening fire, killing and
wounding them, there has not been a single case of West Pakistani death either.
Finding the atmosphere rather tense Bangabandhu himself had ordered the students to
withdraw.
Unfortunately, a section of short sighted refugee non-Bengalees in Bangladesh
always joined hands with the West Pakistani clique against the political and economic
interests of the Bangladesh. It was indeed this section that collaborated fully with
Yahya's murderers since they were let loose on March 25. The Army first trained and
armed them. Then they backed them with full military protection to start anti-Bengali
riots in Dacca, Narayanganj, Chittagong, Khulna, Rangpur, Syedpur, Ishurdi and
many other places. Hundreds of unarmed innocent Bengalis were massacred and their
houses and properties looted. Even women and children were not spared. The ghastly
massacre was reminiscent of the communal madness that we had the misfortune to
witness 20/25 years ago. Yet the Bengalees displayed supreme tolerance. Despite
great emotion-Mukti Bahini commander protected the Urdu-speaking population in
the liberated areas. Unfortunately, a section of the same people later collaborated with
the Pakistani army when the Mukti Bahini made tactical withdrawals and contributed
to Bengali massacre.
So far I have been referring to a section of non-Bengalees. This I did only to
emphasize that there exists another section of Urdu-speaking population in
Bangladesh who had faith in Sheikh Mujib's promise that they, too, would be treated
equally with Bengalees. This helped them to identify themselves with the people of a
land where they intend to settle permanently. Despite temptations held out by the
colonial Pak army whose prime aim is to use one section of the population against
another-a trick that they learnt from their past masters-they have refrained from anti-
national acts.
A section of Indian Muslims still seem to nurse a nostalgic affection for Pakistan-a
state for which we all had sacrificed so much in the forties with the hope that it would
find a better economic and political lot for the Moslem India. But, almost in no time,
the great expectation had turned sour. A vicious coterie captured power and
systematically and ruthlessly exploited people for their own ends. Suddenly the
people of Bangladesh realized that the mere fact of having the same religion with
these exploiters was not helping at all-in fact it was proving a great handicap. Because
any opposition to the exploitation was being attacked by the coterie in the name of
Islam and so-called integrity-When people refused to be duped, hoodwinked, or
suppressed under such pretexts, they came out in strength to massacre them in cold
blood.
How could anyone in his senses side with such a viciously anti-people force. Even
those who are collaborating with them do not realize that they are only being used.
Pakistani junta, in its effort to hide its real nature, is trying its best to present the issue
as
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a conflict between Hindus and Moslems, between India and Pakistan. But the reality
is that of the million unarmed men, women and children massacred by them an
overwhelming majority were devout Moslems. How then could these Indian moslems
call this massacre of fellow-religionists a "Jehad" or even a move to safeguard Islam-
or Pakistan-the supposedly Islamic state.
Indian Moslems must not get carried away with those sugar-coated blood clots
being dished out by the Pakistani sub-humans. They must realize that Pakistan has
ceased to be the state that they once dreamt.
They must feel lucky to live in a democratic state where they can freely display
their support for an enemy state. They could be justifiably branded the fifth column
for Pakistan and dealt with accordingly. They must not misuse or abuse this privilege
that had been denied to every Pakistani since 1947.
26 яi,
i, 1971
A MULTI-PRONGED ATTACK ON BANGLADESH
The nature and extent of the economic exploitation of Bangladesh since it was
included in the state of Pakistan is no less tragic than the gruesome horror of the
current genocidal war. In fact the tragedy has reached unbelievable proportions since
April this year.
It is now known universally that Bangladesh, former East Pakistan earned the
lion's share of the foreign exchange of Pakistan all these 23 years but received, in
return, shares of national wealth that may symbolically be compared with peanuts.
This part of the doomed federation was deliberately reduced to a colonial market for
West Pakistan-based industry that was built up by huge foreign exchange earned by
our cash crops-jute and tea. A fraction of the industrial boom did come to East
Pakistan but were mostly owned and controlled by West Pakistani capital. There has
been little incentive for local entrepreneurs. As a result, the industrial units in
Bangladesh that were not owned by West Pakistanis were put up by the public sector.
But as the glaring example of Karnaphuli Paper and Synthetic Fibre Complex would
show, these too were being disinvested to West Pakistani capitalists. Despite popular
resentment culminating in violent mass demonstrations against this outrageous
economic exploitation, nothing really changed. In fact the economic colonization was
boosted up further by the capitalists who, obviously, were assured of military
protection by a junta of West Pakistani Generals who have been ruling Pakistan first
indirectly-then, for last 12 years, directly.
During last few years the nature of exploitation became very crude. West Pakistani
business concerns operating in East Bengal not only refused to invest even a penny
locally but its eastern offices had strict orders to transfer to West Pakistan all the
takings daily before sunset. The jute industry happened to be the only industry that
could not be
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set up in West Pakistan for geographical reasons. Right from the start it was being
dominated by Adamjee an undeterred bankrupt of pre-partition Bombay who became
billionaire in Pakistan almost literally in a twinkle. This greedy manipulator
monopolized the market and reduced jute growers to virtual beggary while he minted
money by selling the products of their labor at ludicrously high prices. Later he was
joined by other non-Bengali capitalists to add a few more twists to the grind. The
result of this ceaseless multi-faceted, ruthless exploitation soon revealed itself even in
the government statistics where the figures are always questionable. Today the per
capita income of East Bengal is about half of that of West Pakistan although they
began from the same mark. In fact Bengalees had a slightly better average in 1947.
Politically, as the military-capitalists-bureaucratic entente considered. East
Bengalis had no right to protest against this slow strangulation to death. "Islam in
danger", "Indian agents", "anti-state conspiracy", "national integrity in jeopardy",
etcetera and etcetera were the bugles to suppress them. Political persecution of
Bengalees took a vicious form, Thousands languished in prisons without trial. Ayub
Khan, after capturing power by a unique combination of political man oeuvre,
intimidation and blackmail in 1958, sought to tackle the' mounting discontent in the
East by a subtler method. He officially recognized that East Bengal had been deprived
all these years and promised to put things right. Of course he did not mean it. The
exploitation continued. But to keep it out of public view he went all out to buy out the
disgruntled intelligentsia-with jobs, scholarships and other legal and illegal material
bribes. It worked but pushed the political leadership from middle classes to the masses
who were hit in the stomach. Ayub had no plan to buy them over as well. The rest of
the story-until 25 th March 1971-is now too familiar to warrant repetition here.
The junta led by Yahya lacks .the 'finesse' of Ayub. As a consequence, we are
witnessing history's most disgusting two-pronged attack on the people of Bangladesh.
Military butchery has already taken a million innocent lives. Yahya and his gang are
now slowly gearing up to create history's worst famine before the end of the year.
Marching in step has come industrial robbery. All important machineries and machine
parts from mills and factories owned by West Pakistani capitalists .are being shipped
to Karachi. Now, according to latest reports, the military administration of murderer
Tikka has taken over from them the economic robbery. Industrial concerns belonging
to public sector i. e. to the people of Bangladesh are being robbed of their
machineries. As for instance the Film Development Corporation Studio of Dacca-the
nucleus of what was until March 25 a growing film industry, is being robbed of its
expensive equipment. Movie cameras, shooting floor equipment, sound recording
units and the black and white and color film laboratory equipment are reportedly
being shifted to Lahore. The studio that has (he highest production rate in the world
came into being in 1956 through an act of the provincial assembly moved by Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman, the then provincial Industries Minister. This kind of robbery is also
being extended to other industries owned by the public. We had heard that Britain
callously destroyed our traditional handloom industry
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to secure market for Manchester's textile industry. We had also heard about the
brutality of the British indigo planters. It seems that history has remained stand still
ever since. I Only nobody knew about it until these Pakistani sub-humans got to work
in Bangladesh.
27 яi,
i, 1971
UN TO PAKISTAN'S RESCUE
A highly sinister move has been reported from the glass house of the United
Nations. Needless to say that the move has been masterminded by someone no less
than the UN Commissioner for Refugees, Prince Sadniddin Aga Khan. Prince
Sadruddin, it might be realized, to hide his sympathy for the Pakistani fascists even
after touring the battered Bangladesh occupied areas and the refugee camps in India
where six million refugees from Pakistani brutality were staying. A callous
indifference toward the terrible plight of the people of Bangladesh seeped through his
guarded and diplomatic cliché-ridden statements to the press. Needless to say that his
latest design against our people-a design that aims to send 50-member team of U.N.
observers to Bangladesh for only he and his mentors know what-has the wholehearted
support of Nixon Administration that has now taken a clearer stand on the issue and
seems to be bent upon scheming and doing anything possible to fix up a puppet
regime of hated Pakistani colonists in Bangladesh-a design that is even more
obnoxious than the one with which USA tried to prop up Ngo Din Diem regime of
South Vietnam. This is, indeed, the first diplomatic offensive of Nixon Government
against the people of Bangladesh after its decision to supply more and more arms to
the killer junta.
Against such a formidable backgrounder there should be no reason for us to have
any illusions about this proposed U.N. team of observers. Its intentional are clearly
antagonistic to the struggle for freedom now being waged by the people of
Bangladesh. The animalistic butchery of a million innocent lives by the Pakistani
military fascists who have also been subjecting the entire population of Bangladesh to
an infernal and senseless brutality for last four months made little impression on the
United Nations. Its Secretary General, although had publicly expressed his personal
shock at the tragedy, failed utterly as the chief executive of a body that once used to
be looked upon as the protector of world's suffering humanity. Week after week the
ravaged humanity in Bangladesh waited in vain for the United Nations to do
something to reduce the agony of a genocidal war treacherously imposed on them by
a group of sub-human conspirators. But nothing happened. The U.N. proved a
shockingly heartless, silent spectator. When such an organisation suddenly becomes
too active it certainly gives rise serious concern. The proposal of sending the so-called
observers is not only sinister in motive but is ominous of an even worse predicament
for the people of Bangladesh. The team's presence is surely meant to help the
Pakistani junta to consolidate its position in the occupied areas of Bangladesh. Its
army, cripplingly harassed by freedom fighters, badly needed a breather. The U.N.
observers, in a way known to themselves, intend to provide just that. The overall
design is to try and shift the emphasis from the liberation struggle and to divert
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the international attention to that imaginary Pakistani contention that it is merely a of

confrontation between India and Pakistan. That the Pakistanis began with a genocidal
war against the entire population of Bangladesh-a. war that gave birth to
uncompromising war of liberation-is the real issue and that India is being referred
Pakistan in its mischievous aim to divert world attention from its inhuman crimes the
people of Bangladesh is now being opposed officially by the United Nations hat
obnoxious role this once-noble organisation is being made to play just to satisfy the
interest of Nixon's foreign policy! It looks as though the civilized world is coming to
end and all the cherished human values are going all topsy-turvy.
The Pakistani fascist radio could not control the glee at its dubious victory with the
United Nations. Its latest news bulletin gave away the secret motive of Prince
Sadruddin It has claimed that the observers are meant to spy on the Indo-Bangladesh
border to establish the Pakistani claim that India has been helping the freedom
fighters and that there is no such thing as liberated zone of Bangladesh. Ignoring the
on the spot reporting from famous western journalists who visited the liberated areas
the United Nations has decided to surrender to the Pakistani lie. As for India, she has
always declared her sympathy for the freedom movement of Bangladesh. Whether
India would accept the presence of such U.N. spies near her borders is not difficult to
answer.
The United Nations could have played a helpful role in Bangladesh only if it could
be roused by considerations other than the dubious political motives of bigger powers.
It is a matter of great pity that the shortsighted advisors of U-Thant are failing to see
the futility of their sinister move aimed at helping the Pakistani fascist junta to
colonies Bangladesh and to keep in the saddle a puppet government against the clear
wishes of its people to be free.
The people of Bangladesh and their government regard this latest U.N. move not
only illegal but consider it a gross violation of their sovereign and an unpardonable
act of interference in the affairs of Bangladesh. The team is, thus, warned of grave
consequences. These so-called observers would be considered enemies of our
freedom struggle. Bangladesh liberation forces would, thus, consider them as
collaborators and would treat them exactly the way collaborators and traitors are
treated. But the U.N. need not necessarily play the role it is being made to play. There
is still time for something constructive.
13 яi,
i, 1971
FAMINE AS A WEAPON RELIEF FOOD FOR SOLDIERS!

BANGLA IS NO BIAFRA
Two important aims of Yahya's killer junta in Bangladesh are an outright military
victory and a great famine. The former he had futilely hoped to achieve in a few days-
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certainly not longer than a week or so, It is now dragging toward the sixth month with
the hope of victory fast receding beyond the horizon with every sunrise. Like a
drowning man Yahya now wants to survive by holding on to any piece of weed
coming his way.
His latest strategy has been one of creating a famine, as wide-spreadly as possible,
in the occupied areas of Bangladesh. He, hopes that with this famine, when he will
have millions more die in Bangladesh, the resistance will crumble assuring a lasting
victory for his colonial army. That he is bent upon this trebly more infernal, sadistic
madness has been proved by several recent happenings. He received from U.S.A. and
China boats and coasters, allegedly to facilitate the distribution of food following total
disruption of the communication system by the Mukti Bahini. These have been duly
transformed into gunboats and army supply crafts. This week Mukti Bahini captured a
Pak army supply convoy. It was carrying ration that included dozens of cartons of
relief food meant for cyclone and flood victims of Bangladesh donated by World Red
Cross and CARE, the American relief organisation. Not only that blankets, tents and
other relief materials donated by various world organizations for the victims of great
November cyclone have been supplied to the killer-army. Thus, deliberately hungry
millions are being forced to die of hunger not only by not doing anything for supply
of required food grains in the occupied areas, but also by depriving them of the food
supplied by outside agencies. This monstrous vengeance against the people of
Bangladesh is being practiced within full knowledge of Nixon administration that
claims to have a lever with the killer junta by virtue of its policy of appeasement. The
critical month of October is approaching. Unprecedented famine is perhaps imminent.
We shall soon know that the United Nations has proceeded to justify this
premeditated mass murder like the way it condoned the Pakistani genocide. But can
this apocalyptic design of the killer junta be successful in destroying the liberation
war? Obviously, Yahya and his collaborators are working keeping Biafra in view. In
Biafra the severe famine was responsible for the defeat. Can the same thing happen
here too?
The fallacy of the murderous logic of victory through famine lies in the very nature
of the war and in the geographical conditions of Bangladesh. In Biafra, the rebels
were trapped by the federal army in a land that was contiguous to Nigeria. They could
not even seek sanctuary in another friendly country. Thus, with famine, their war
economy crumbled. The conditions in Bangladesh are just the opposite. Here the
colonial army is trapped and totally surrounded by the liberation forces who do not
depend on the economy of the occupied areas. In fact, in the 85-90 per cent of the
areas controlled by the People's Republic of Bangladesh, there will be no question of
famine whatsoever. Already measures are being taken to meet any food shortage
during October. Hence, a famine in the occupied area will have no effect whatsoever
on our march to victory.
The murderous famine strategy shows once again that Yahya may be a monstrous
killer but a lousy military strategist. And the way he fled from Dacca on March 25
had proved already that he is also a disgraceful coward. The man seems to be going
round the bend-as the net is steadily closed in. The writing is getting larger on the
wall.
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15 яi,
i, 1971
WORLD PRESS WORRIED ABOUT SHEIKH :
HONOUR FOR TIKKA!
Now the daily Telegraph of London has joined Radio Bangladesh in
expressing doubts about the whereabouts and fate of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. In an editorial published in
its issue of August 14, the paper asked-"Is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Dead?"
Like we did on several occasions during last few days the leader-writer of the
daily also points out the fact that since Sheikh's voluntary arrest on the night of
March 25 nothing has been heard of him except for some statements by Yahya
Khan that Sheikh would be punished and that he would be tried secretly on
charges that carry death penalty. The Pakistani army had said last Monday that
his trial would start next day. "Has he," asks the editorial, "in fact already been
executed?" It also asks-"Is General Yahya able to do anything to show that
such inevitable suspicions are unfounded?" The paper has further suggested
that to put world suspicions at rest Yahya should arrange for Sheikh's non-
Pakistani lawyers to have access to him. But such an effort has already been
made without success. What roused international suspicion is the fact that
Sheikh was suddenly put on this dubious trial only at a day's notice. The
announcement was followed by another report, again through army source, that
Sheikh has refused to accept the validity of the court and has. thus, refused to
have a defense counsel. This could be the only piece of clever propaganda in
the entire handling of the Bangladesh tragedy. Anybody who knows Sheikh
would be convinced of Sheikh's alleged stand. But the point is it suits the
purpose of the military junta so well. If Sheikh has already been murdered-this
fiction would come very handy for deceiving the world. In that event-the next
move of the killer junta would be to declare that Sheikh has been found guilty
and that he was sentenced to death. It might be tempted to play around with the
execution pan of the sadistic farce a little longer. Nevertheless, after some time,
the news of Yahya's refusal to grant the reprieve and consequent execution of
the leader would be made public with suitable timing and language.
Earlier Yahya had taken the British press for a ride when he remarked to a
correspondent during an interview that Sheikh may not be executed by firing
squad-he may die, what he called, 'a natural death in prison'. Of course, he did
not say what really is meant by "natural death" in hangman's vocabulary.
Anyway, the news helped to control speculations about Sheikh's whereabouts
until the Daily Telegraph came out with its serious doubts yesterday.
There are, of course, reports of people finding an under construction prison
as a possible venue for the trial. One foreign correspondent reports that he has
seen the prison well guarded by army personnel. There is nothing more
concrete than what could be made out by putting these presumptions,
assumptions, rumors, and stray incidents together to suggest that Sheikh might
still be alive and the ludicrous farce of his trial is
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still being enacted. A similar rumor now suggests that the trial might have been
adjourned.
But all this kite-flying amounts to very little when one remembers that in this game
the prosecutor, the judge and the executioner are embodied in the same man who has,
on more than one occasion, made public his passionate desire to see the death of his
prize captive. Now that he has failed in the conspiracy to convince the world of this
essentially Bangladesh-Pak confrontation as one of Indo-Pak conflict, he would be
doubly tempted to murder Sheikh with a view to killing two birds at a time or so to
speak. This would most certainly rule out all possibility of a negotiated independence
of Bangladesh which is the only political settlement of the issue that would be
acceptable to the people of Bangladesh and, to the Soviet Union and India. On the
other side, Yahya expects a serious power tussle within the Awami League for
leadership in the event of Sheikh's death. Political observers noted the carefully
selected list of Awami Leaguers exempted from cancellation of their seats issued by
the military junta. The list excludes important cabinet members of the People's
Republic of Bangladesh with the calculated hope that such exclusions would
germinate devastating mistrust within the Party which, in turn, would shatter the
unflinching unity of the people of Bangladesh in their determination to liberate
themselves from West Pakistani colonialism.
However childish, the man oeuvre certainly shows that nowadays even ostriches
are trying to be cleverer than what we are used to believe. Nevertheless they still are
essentially ostriches and ridiculously powerless to change the direction of the rising
storm.
It is too late for Yahya's mediaeval antics. The wilting is very much on the wall. If
Sheikh's death means blocking of the way to a negotiated independence for
Bangladesh-something that is wished by our peace loving friends like the Soviet
Union and India, then military solution it will be. A military victory is not only a
grand possibility but our valiant fighters of the Liberation Forces can wrench it much
sooner than many of our reserved well-wishers think. All we need is active sympathy
and cooperation. We never wanted nor do we want now that anybody other than the
people of Bangladesh would fight in this war of liberation. We are quite able and
willing to beat back the invaders to win our freedom ourselves.
Now I971's Crudest Joke
According to a report from Islamabad Tikka Khan, the unrepentant murderer of not
less than two million unarmed men, women and children, has been decorated by
Yahya with the high civil award of Hilal-e-Quaid-i-Azam. This shows that, in some
peculiar way history does repeat itself sometime. General Dyer who massacred within
minutes a peaceful crowd at Jalianwalabag was honored by London's Daily Express
with the Silver Sword of Velour on his arrival from India. Of course, the crimes of
Tikka Khan against humanity dating from the massacre of Baluch people in the midst
of their Eid-day prayer until today are of a much grislier order than that of Dyer. This
unconscious
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disciple of Marquis de Sade is really in the class of Eichman and Dr. Meogele and the
commandants of Hitler's extermination camps Auswitz, Belsen and Dachan. Hitler
decorated them with some of the highest order of the Nazi Reich-needless to say, in
the name "of their services to German people and state.
4 яi,
i, 1971
YAHYA FINDS HIS QUISLING
The appointment of the mercenary Motaleb Malik as the civilian governor of the
occupied areas of Bangladesh in reality marks the beginning of the Pakistani junta's
final capitulation. This so-called doctor who never made a living by practicing his
alleged training in dentistry is indeed a seasoned mercenary politician who moves into
total oblivion during popular movements but returns right back to the dias when anti-
people forces usurp political power. According to a political observer, he is neither a
male nor a female-politically speaking that is. This political eunuch has been a
favorite name in all the illegal, undemocratic, immoral cabinets that hoisted
themselves over the people of erstwhile Pakistan for last twenty years with unnerving
regularity. This so-called doctor has also a unique record to his credit that explains the
attraction that he has for Yahya and his gang. Just like his medical practice, he never
could get himself elected by popular vote since-well, nobody knows when. Who else
could Yahya trust for the job except for such a political non-entity having the soul of a
slave?
There is very little doubt, inside and outside the occupied areas of Bangladesh that
Dr. Malik's authority as the so-called governor would not and could not extend much
beyond the door of his personal toilet. Even the word 'puppet' fails to fathom the
irrelevance of his political and administrative authority. Yet Yahya plans to tell the
world-particularly the hard pressed White House and the angry World Bank-that
through this character he has started 'civilianizing' the administration of the occupied
areas of Bangladesh. Yet the truth is, and will be until the final capitulation, that with
Malik on display for the outside world the campaign of genocide, rape, loot and arson
will continue unabated under the direct planning of the military apparatus of the
Martial Law Administrator of the zone whoever he might be. Malik, let alone having
any authority over anything, will in fact, be a permanent headache for the army and its
intelligence service. Because it would not be a pleasant worry for them to keep their
stooge alive from Mukti Bahini bullets-particularly because he will have to be brought
out of the cupboard in the Governor's House from time to time for specially staged
public shows. Not that Yahya worries much about the death of yet another Bengali,
whether a collaborator or not. But his demise would rob him of-one of the very few
perfect quislings available to aid him in his crimes. Nevertheless, this is the last act of
treachery that this Dr. Malik will play against the people of Bangladesh.
Meanwhile news comes from Paris that Yahya has viciously attacked the
democratically elected leader of 75 million people of Bangladesh. In an interview to
the
477
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rightwing Paris daily 'Le Figaro' he has called Sheikh Mujib a 'criminal' and a "minor
fascist". But the half-wit went on to brag about his Nazi-style massacre of the people
of Bangladesh only a sentence later. He shamelessly boasted that his army is a
professional one and that when they kill they do it cleanly. He apparently led himself
into believing that his army fought a full-fledged war on the night of March 25 against
an equally equipped army. Using typically Army Mess lingo he boasted that "it was
no football match." Unfortunately" Le Figaro" correspondent failed to remind him
that his barbarous army was let loose on an unarmed and unsuspecting civilian
population and that only a cowardly army would declare war on women and children.
The correspondent should also have reminded this major fascist that his animals in
army uniforms not only did the killing with professional efficiency but also displayed
great talent in rape, loot and arson. Cruelty with a great purpose may be called
efficiency ‘but otherwise, it is plain sadism. He should also have reminded the major
fascist that if Sheikh Mujib did not believe in democratic processes he could have
made mincemeat out of these Pakistani fascists if he wanted. It's his civilized behavior
that has given the major fascist the opportunity to breathe air in Islamabad instead of
pushing up the daisies.
It is indeed an irony of history that world's one of the most cowardly killers and
despicable liars now sits in judgment of a defender of democracy. Until now crime
has not only paid but it seems to have allowed enough latitude for such intolerable
effrontery. But history also shows that things do change for better at long last.
Otherwise today we would have had Hitlers, Mussolinis and Tojos settling the destiny
of mankind.
6 4 pm,
pm, 1971
AMNESTY1 FAIL TO DECEIVE : BBC THAWS :
MERCENARY MALIK
It is perhaps not accidental that Yahya's fresh offer of so-called amnesty to Bengali
army personnel who are now fighting as dedicated members of the Mukti Bahini
comes just after the installation of his Bengali-speaking quisling-a non-practising
doctor called Motaieb Malik.
Naturally, the so-called offer has been made-incidentally for the third time in last
four months-with a view to deceiving those who have been successful in evading the
murderous assaults of the horders of Yahya and Tikka. The announcement seems to
tell-"now boys, come back now. You have nothing to fear now that you have a
Bengali-speaking governor to look after you". Yahya must be in a desperate plight to
resort to such silly trickery. The trick looks a great deal more stupid than that refugee-
reception-centre gimmick where foreign correspondents found only dogs responding
to Pakistani hospitality-a sort of canine solidarity-a grand display of dogly one
heartedness. But this time Yahya is not likely to find even dogs. For some simple
hearted men did believe his words when he had announced this fake amnesty for the
first time. Some of those members of the armed forces who had taken shelter in the
villages and were still in two minds about joining the Mukti Bahini responded to the
call and tasted the lethal honey of
478
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Yahya's amnesty. These unfortunate fools were found by the captive population of
Dacca floating in the river Buriganga tied up in bundles of 15 to 20. They were still
wearing" the army shorts and vests. Some had bayonet wounds on their bodies. But
most died when the murderers from hell drained out the last drop of blood from their
bodies inside Dacca cantonment.
Luckily only a small number were hoodwinked by Yahya's siren of death. After the
news of mass slaughter spread out-not even one army personnel responded to the
second call. In fact, just after the first slaughter the minds of the confused were made
up and hundreds of them were seen marching in the darkness of the night toward the
zone controlled by the Mukti Bahini. They now belong to the hardcore of the massive
Liberation Army that has now got the Pakistani cowards on the run. For the first time
the BBC, an extremely conservative and perennially suspicious body, has accepted
the reality of the situation. After near-total silence over the liberation war for months,
the BBC has at last publicly recognized that Free Bangladesh is very much a reality
and not just a figment of imagination of a couple of million people living outside the
range of Pakistani guns. Its special correspondent Martin Bell in a filmed reportage
has sought to establish that the Mukti Bahini has grouped itself into a well-organized
force and that free Bangladesh is very much a reality although its formal control over
the entire territory remains to be announced. He has given enough space to a member
of the liberation army to justify the cause of liberation. He revealed: Pakistani soldiers
are cowards. They run for their lives when Mukti Bahini boys go into action. They
run so fast that they leave behind arms and ammunition for use by the Mukti Bahini.
Now either Yahya must be-a fool or totally mad to except such a victorious army
to fall for an 'amnesty' trap by a colonial force that not only massacred their loved
ones by the thousand but has looted their property and brutally raped their mothers,
wives and sisters. His trick of using the name of this Bengali speaking political
eunach called Motaleb Malik can never work outside his Islamabad palace.
All these years-since before the partition of the sub-continent-Motaleb Malik
managed to stay away from the limelight. But there are too many witnesses who grew
up with him. He began his career by dressing himself up as a so-called labor leader of
Calcutta. Exploiting the name of religion he had managed to establish himself as a
leader of Moslem laborers. Soon he became one of the inventors of the technique of
personal profit by workers strike. Making the workers strike to force the employer pay
a handsome bribe to him but little or nothing to workers-became his flourishing
profession. Meanwhile, thanks to his love for Anglo-Saxon masters, he had changed
his family name from 'Mallik' to 'Malik' so that his white bosses could pronounce his
name with less effort. When the whites departed, he was quickly picked up by
Mohammad Ali Jinnah in his frantic effort to demolish the Bengal Opposition that
was consolidating under the leadership of Shaheed Suhrawardy. Jinnah only had to
wag his finger like a banana—and Malik fell at his feet like a dog. He got a minister
ship in Jinnah's handpicked cabinet from the Bengali quota while the great sons of
Bengal-like A.K. Falul Haq and Shaheed Suhrawardv were left in the lurch.
479
s d t n
There began Mollik alias Maiik's chain of minister ships. He proved such an
obliging peasant to the West Pakistani bureaucrats, I mean, he proved himself
such a servile puppet thai the secretaries enjoyed complete freedom in
depriving the then East Pakistan. This is the reason why he was always favored
by the military-cupitalist-bureaucratic entente that ruled Pakistan until the State
exploded on the 25th day of March in the year of one thousand nine hundred
and seventy one. For the same quality Motlik: alias Malik is Yahya's favorite
today despite Yahya's pathologically racist hatred against the Bengali people.
As I was saying, Yahya may fool himself with this quisling but not the
people of Bangladesh. Even that prize fool of a war horse Zulfi Bhutlo seems
to have got the wind. Mollik alies Malik is a bad man for him too. He has
reportedly denounced Mollik alias Maiik's appointment.
As a footnote: let me inform the listeners in the occupied areas of
Bangladesh the latest news from the bookmakers. It is reported that already
betting has started over the next president of Islamabad. Will it be Bhutto or
Yahya? Latest odds favor Bhutto as a 10 to 2 winner.
Yahya has destroyed Pakistan. Bhutto will have the privilege of destroying
the remnant.
10 4 pm,
pm, 1971
AN HISTORIC FIVE-PARTY AGREEMENT :
PROF. GALBRA1TH MISTAKES BENGALI SPIRIT
A historic five-party agreement has been reached yesterday in Mujibnagar.
After long discussions for 2 days the leaders of the Awami League, National
Awami Party (Bhashani group), National Awami Party (Muzaffar group),
Bangladesh Communist party and Bangladesh National Congress agreed to
Form an 8-member National Consultative Committee. The Committee will be
available for consultations in matters relating to the national liberation struggle.
For the first time since March 25 Moulana Bhashani attended such a top level
political discussion.
The Consultative Committee consists of the following members: Moulana
Ahdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Bangladesh Premier Tajuddin Ahmed,
Bangladesh Foreign Minister Khondoker Moshtaque Ahmed, Professor
Mujaffar Ahmed of National Awami Party. Moni Sing of Bangladesh
Communist Party and Monoranjan Dhar of Bangladesh National Congress.
Two more members are to be included from other parties with definite
commitment in the liberation struggle.
The Committee reaffirmed the determination to continue the liberation war
until victory. In clearest possible language it has declared that any political
settlement short of lull independence for Bangladesh would not be acceptable
to people of Bangladesh.
480
s d t n
The Committee appealed to the civilized countries of the world to declare their
solidarity with the struggling people of Bangladesh and called upon them to recognize
the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The committee also appealed to all countries for
full support including arms and ammunition for the liberation struggle.
The formation of National Consultative Committee at such a critical juncture of
Asian history was hailed in various quarters soon after its announcement from
Mujibnagar.
The most significant declaration of the Committee vis-a-vis the national liberation
war has been its appeal for recognition and arms and ammunition. This is for the first
time that such a public appeal has been made for recognition by any political party
including the Awami League and the Government of People's Republic of
Bangladesh. It is believed that the appeal is likely to make great impact on many
states having unquestionable sympathy for the cause of the people of Bangladesh. In
fact, reliable sources indicate that recognition of the Republic by a number of states
are probably in the offing. Now that a number of socialist parties' have formally
joined with the Awami League with the right of having a say in matters concerning
the running of the war a number of East European countries might feel encouraged to
come forward with recognition and material help. The reliable source informs that the
German Democratic Republic i.e. East Germany which, incidentally, is also the fourth
largest industrial power in Europe, might be the first country to recognize Bangladesh.
GDR's example would most certainly be taken up by other socialist counties. One
must not forget the consistently favorable attitude of the Yugoslav Government since
the outbreak of the Pakistani genocide. In fact, one would not be surprised if
Yugoslavia beats GDR to become the first country to recognize the inevitable
sovereignty of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Hungary is another good
possibility. Czechoslovakia and Poland might, however, be slow in coming as they
have considerable business stakes in Pakistan. Some Asian states are also expected to
recognize the Republic soon enough. A number of Latin American states including
Cuba might prove no less cooperative. Next few days are likely to prove extremely
eventful so far as the death of Pakistan is concerned.
Against such significant development and an unmistakable reiteration of the
Bengalee people's will to continue the war till victory, the call for total autonomy for
East Bengal by Professor John Galbraith a former US Ambassador to India, really
comes as an anti-thesis. Professor Galbraith, reports Radio Bangladesh's Calcutta
correspondent, has apparently suggested on his arrival there yesterday that a just
solution to the Bangladesh problem would be the granting to total self-rule to East
Bengal so that the Bengalees could feel that they are the masters of their own fate like
the people of Panjab. He further, said that such a solution would be acceptable to the
civilized peoples of the world.
It is a matter of great regret that such a learned economist and seasoned diplomat
as Professor Galbraith should be suggesting such an unrealistic and improbable
solution so late in the game. It is a pity that he has failed to understand the verdict of
history. He has
481
s d t n
failed to see that Pakistan was such in unnatural union that could survive only
through mutual trust and respect. Yet over last twenty three years some
reactionary forces who usurped power imparted the East-West relation a
colonial character whose worst manifestation was this brutal, genocidal
onslaught on last March. How does the professor think that there could be
resurgence of the primary conditions for a meaningful partnership when the
colonists have decimated million innocent men. women and children of the
deprived region? Not only that the vicious genocide is still continuing, the
colonists are systematically proceeding to destroy the cultural and economic
backbone of the Bengalees. The colonists are now proceeding even to destroy
their mother tongue-a language to which the Bengalees have already laid down
countless invaluable lives-by imposing an underdeveloped and alien script on
it. How could any civilized man, let alone such a distinguished scholar as
professor John Galbraith, suggest now any basis for continuing union? It is
quite possible that the former US Ambassador is privately airing White House's
formula for a so-called political settlement. If total autonomy for Bangladesh
was such feasible formula why couldn't the American masters of Islamabad
impose it upon the killer Generals before March 25?-before making the people
of Bangladesh the victims of world's one of the most heinous crimes against
humanity? In fact. Sheikh Mujib's Six-Points aimed at nothing more. Still the
US Administrations allowed the massacre to happen. Professor Galbraith-
please try to understand that history was set along an irreversible course on
March 25. Please see that the only civilized, sensible and peaceful solution is
total independence for Bangladesh.
15 pm
,
pm
1971
US SENATORS VOTE STOPPAGE OF AID : PAKS ON THE RUN
Bangladesh war of National liberation has now entered its final stage. From
our side, the Mukti Bahini is all set to go for the kill as soon as the dry season
returns to press home the spectacular advantages of the monsoon-time guerrilla
warfare. From the enemy's side, the last card is down-that of so called
civilianization of the administration in the occupied areas of Bangladesh. At the
end of the fifth month of Yahya junta's brutal war against the people of
Bangladesh it is all but lost for them. The Pakistani army, the remnants that is,
are now confined to the cantonments. Over 35 thousand men and officers are
dead. The hastily raised par militia Razakars are not only dropping dead at
every available opportunity but are proving a positive burden on the beaten
army gasping for breath.
Despite all kinds of clandestine cash and material aid from Nixon
Administration, China and Arab monarchies, Pakistani economy has at last
reached the brink and is poised to slip over. Advised by the US State
Department Yahya had to embark upon this stupid civilianization programme
with the help of puppets enjoying the trust, not of the people, but of the junta.
US Foreign Aid Bill has now gone to the Senate where Senator
482
s d t n
Kennedy is a dominant factor. The Rill's proposals fur economic aid to Pakistan
and Greece have already been rejected by the House of Representatives. It was
suggested there that until there is a civilian rule in Bangladesh and the refugees
have returned aid to Pakistan could not be resumed. The Senate members are also
likely to vote the same way Thus the sham civilianization with Or. Motaleb Mollik
alias Malik as the figurehead governor is clearly a pitiful effort at pacifying the
American senators before the decisive voting on the Hill which starts early next
week. Malik has now started working on the second condition-that of refugee-
return yesterday. He has offered to have talks with Indian authorities for their
return and has promised the sky and the heaven to the refugees who had fled for
their very lives. The junta and its running dogs like Motaleb Mollik, however
could not care less about the kind of reaction of the refugees toward this overture
from an agent of the same murderers who had forced them to flee. The overture is
merely a sinister move to put on record something about the refugees so that some
ill-informed senators could be hoodwinked. Needless to say, so far as the refugees
are concerned, his master's dog's assurances could not appear any more or less
deceitful than those that had already come from the master killer himself. If US
senators choose to follow the line of the House of Representatives on the subject
of further economic aid to Pakistan, how the Islamabad junta is going to react?
This is the most crucial question of the moment. Stoppage of US aid will mean
sudden collapse of the economy whose backbone has been irreparably crushed by
the mad ventures against the people of Bangladesh. This is certain to lead to'
severe unrest throughout Pakistan. Even the old faithful of the junta-Zulfi Bhutto
is growing restive and has already threatened to go Mujib's way if Yahya does not
hand over power to him.
The junta members including the hawks would be thinking twice before
embarking upon a Bangladesh-type populace versus army confrontation in
Pakistan. Not for anything else but for the hard fact that the army hasn't got the
breath for yet another war. Needless to say, that its war cries against India are only
outbursts of desperation that offer the killers a faint hope of relief through UN
intervention.
How then would it react? The most likely reaction of the Junta would be retreat
from Bangladesh after executing a scorched-earth policy. This is sure to happen
unless there is a coup d'etat by saner forces that might prove practical enough to
accept the fact of history that Pakistan as it was on March 25 has ceased to exist.
But such a coup has only an even chance of coming off.
People of the occupied areas however should prepare themselves for the worst.
They must be ready to hit the defeated army when they choose to go berserk again
and embark upon yet another genocidal mass murder. They must remember that
despite all its show of strength Pakistani army in Bangladesh is helplessly trapped.
A retreat to Pakistan is a logistical impossibility. It is quite likely that the officers
would want to flee by aircraft when things get really hot, leaving their war-weary
men behind to face the jazz. This time the army must not be allowed to repeat the
surprise attack of March 25. You must hit any
483
s d t n
weapon-modern or indigenous-would prove useful against an army on the run and

short of ammunition. In fact, indigenous arms might play a decisive role in the final
act. If the Pakistanis surrender-take them prisoners and treat them well.
A note of caution. All the guerrilla groups that have developed within the occupied
areas independently of the central command of the Mukti Bahim must fight unitedly
irrespective of their political beliefs. This is a war of national liberation. The country
and its freedom come first. Any parochialism or partisan attitude resulting in a
mutually annihilating conflict would, tantamount to a betrayal of the cause of the1
people of Bangladesh. After much suffering our people deserve a better patriotism
from those who have taken upon themselves the noble task of liberating their
fellowmen from the yoke of Pakistani colonialism.
Let the slogan he-Unite for victory. Victory to Bangladesh.
16 4 pm,
pm, 1971
COLLUSION WITH IRAN

Yahya's hurried trip to Tehran did not really come as a great surprise. With the
military defeat approaching fast in Bangladesh he must find some way out. Not that
he is giving up the hope of victory altogether. However ridiculous the military
position might be-he is still moving aroused with mischievous ideas.
The joint communiqué issued from Shah's Palace, however, indicate that for the
first time since his genocidal attack on the people of Bangladesh Yahya has been able
to make the Iranian monarch talk in favor of Pakistan's interest. It is significant that
after the failure of his agents including Zulfi Bhutto in getting the Iranian regime to
side with Pakistan in its crimes Yahya himself had to have a go at the House of the
Pahalvis. But even such high level overture could not produce what he really wanted.
Shah eventually stuck to his original title over Bangladesh-that of no commitment.
The joint communiqué does not say that Iran considers Bangladesh issue an internal
affair of Pakistan.
But Yahya's gains are fairly considerable from another point of view. For the first
time since United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Prince Sadruddin Aga
Khan, Yahya has not been able to sell his idea about the basic nature of the conflict.
He has been insisting, without any rhyme or reason, that the war between the People
ofBangladesh and his junta was actually an Indo-Pakistan confrontation. We are
amazed that the Shah swallowed the pill and apparently offered his government's
good offices for a meeting between India and Pakistan for a settlement of the
imaginary conflict.
New Delhi is certain to prove rather cold to this dubious move. India, however, is
not surprised to see the Iranians play the Pakistani game. During Ayub's war against
India in
484
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1965 Iran broke all the norms of international behavior for a non-involved
country. She provided the harassed Pakistani air force with planes, aviation fuel
and large quantities of arms. Pakistani Boeings were given shelter against
Indian attack. In his neurotic hurry Yahya forgot that Iran with such a record of
collusion against India would prove hardly acceptable as a mediator.
Yahya's Tehran trip and his alleged attempt at the 'normalization' of Indo-
Pak relations is a mere publicity stunt, What then was his real move? Is Yahya
trying to prove to the world that he is striving for peace with India while,
behind the door, he is engaged in devising a surprise attack with a view to
averting his imminent defeat in Bangladesh? That, indeed, would be more in
the line of Yahya's thinking. Only in a war with India that he can expect to get
the United Nations involved in the Bangladesh conflict. UN intervention would
surely come to his advantage and might avert the crushing defeat that is
approaching fast. If this is the real motive then Shah of Iran is playing the
dangerous role of a Pakistani collaborator that might eventually lead to an
international flare-up in South and West Asia. World powers, particularly the
Soviet Union are sure to note this with concern Pak-Iranian sinister move.
Soviet President Podgorny's call for an immediate solution of the Bangladesh
problem in Moscow yesterday has probably come also as a warning against this
Pak-Iranian design.
President Podgorny's speech is sure to put Yahya and his accomplices in
great difficulty. The major behind-the-scene villain who, with great
deliberation since the fifties, helped to bring about the destruction of Pakistan
is M. M. Ahmad. He has also been a great friend and guide of Yahya and his
killer associates, His removal from the scene, at least temporarily, by a
stabbing incident is certain to put Yahya in a real guidance crisis. Yahya seems
to have been able to pacify a restive Bhutto for the time being after latter's
threat to do Sheikh Mujib to him unless he hands over power. Bhutto might try
to take advantage of the crisis in which Yahya now finds himself. Next few
days are likely to prove rather eventual in the ivory tower of that haunted city
of Islamabad.
30 4 pm,
pm, 1971
INDIA-U.S.S.R. TREATY
The part of the text of Indira-Kosygin joint statement that specifically
mentions the issue concerning Bangladesh contains certain safeguards for the
future of the freedom struggle in Bangladesh. It is quite significant that the
word 'Bangladesh' has been avoided in the text. Although the critics of the
Indo-Soviet pact have capitalized on this calculated omission, the fact remains
that the statement is destined to prove a document of tar-reaching
consequences. President Podgorny's subsequent statements in Delhi strengthens
the hope even more. Let met begin the analysis by quoting from the statement:
485
s d t n
"Taking note of the developments in East Bengal since March 25, 1971 both
sides consider that the interest of the preservation of peace demands that
urgent measures should be taken to reach a political solution of the problems
which have arisen there, paying regard to the wishes, the inalienable rights and
lawful interests of the people of East Bengal as well as the speediest and safe
return of the refugees to their homeland in conditions safeguarding their honor
and dignity."
In other words, the guideline for any political solution of the problem has been
made clear in these lines. The wishes and lawful rights of the people' mean nothing
else but upholding of the results of the December 70 elections. In other words, the two
countries demand a political solution acceptable to the elected representatives of the
people of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Government, through a statement, has made it
clear that nothing short of independence should be acceptable. Another most
significant aspect of the statement is the unique fact that the statement was signed, on
behalf of the Soviet Union, by the Chairman, the Prime Minister and the General
Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
In my opinion, the most significant remark of the Soviet Premier concerns that
internal matter "phrase". This, if taken singularly, could give rise to
misapprehensions. But as the statement should be taken in its totality one must note
that the Soviet Union also considers the problem thus created-an international matter.
Against such a background, what does the Soviet leader mean by "internal matter"?
We must not forget that the only way to disrupt our liberation struggle would be by
internationalizing it in a wrong sense. In the sense of, say, Vietnam. This is,
considered an internal matter so far as the war between Bangladesh freedom fighters
and Islamabad generals is concerned. This is our fight. It is the Bengalee nation alone-
and no other nation-that must be involved in the war that is now raging. We would
rely upon such friendly countries as India and the Soviet Union to guarantee us that-to
guarantee us international non-interference. Let me remind other friends and well-
wishers that this "non-interference line" is precisely the stand of the Vietnamese
people and, of course, that of Soviet Union vis-a-vis Vietnam. In fact, the failure of
the world community to restrain foreign forces from getting involved in Vietnam has
been directly responsible for the prolongation of the conflict.
In this context, we must also note a few significant omission. Particularly missing
were words of sympathy that both the countries feel for the freedom fighters. Any
such mention would have given sufficient grounds to the imperialist backers of the
fascist Islamabad regime to get involved directly in Bangladesh. There is no reason
why we one should assume that neither Indira nor Kosygin wants to see a victorious
liberation army. One must remember here that the Soviet Union supplied billions of
dollars worth of arms and ammunition to the Vietnamese while demanding, all along,
a peaceful political solution.
Nobody is averse to any political solution suggested by the joint statement
provided the solution is endorsed by the legally elected representatives of the people
of
486
s d t n
Bangladesh. But these representatives have already announced the minimum

terms for an agreement with Islamabad-and these are-acceptance of (he
independence and sovereignty of Bangladesh and an unconditional release of
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and other political prisoners being subjected to torture
and terror in the occupied areas. These minimum conditions are indeed our
conditions, for no ideology as such, but for sheer survival. And, until these are
achieved, we have no choice but to fight on-as has been so aptly suggested by
the French freedom fighter, writer and former minister of Culture-Andre
Malraux. And fight we shall. We have great confidence in the leadership of all
friendly countries including India and the Soviet Union and we believe that
they will never be party to any conspiracy to impose upon us a so-called
political solution just because it would suit the national interests of certain
inflated powers. We the majority of the people of pre-March 25 Pakistan
proclaimed that the artificial union of Pakistan ceased to exist as from that
fateful day when some mad, sadistic and power hungry generals and their
capitalist and bureaucratic collaborators chose to unleash on the majority
population an unprecedented wave of terror and butchery. Nothing could be
more moral and legalistic than this solemn-irreversible proclamation. Yet, if
some powers think that they can still make the framework of Pakistan survive
just because it suits their interest they are indeed grossly mistaken. Our only
appeal to them is-leave us alone to settle our own scores. Do not interfere by
supplying arms and money to either party. If you can do that we promise you a
solution within weeks and, thereby, ensure a peaceful zone in South Asia-if that
is what you really want.
By this extremely tactful-essentially brilliant stand the Soviet Union has
succeeded in keeping a leverage with Islamabad without harming at all the
progress of the war of our national liberation. By using her influence she might
be able to persuade Islamabad to agree to settle the issue by agreeing to quit
Bangladesh. This is not an impossibility. There is no reason to think that after
six-months of this suicidal war Islamabad is not already crippled economically.
According to latest reports the World Bank is sure to refuse further loans.
Militarily, too, the picture is far from rosy.
Finally, a note of warning to our people inside occupied areas and abroad.
Forces financed and encouraged by powers that are unfriendly to Bangladesh
are out to create confusion with a view to demoralizing the fighters and their
sympathizers. Some are going so far as to suggest that we are too ill-equipped
to fight Pakistan's modern army and, thus, we should agree to a so-called
political solution. Yet the stock-taking of last six months war would show that
the enemy, despite better training and armory, has lost 40 times more men than
we have. Is this a miracle? Of course not what are the causes then of such a
staggering victory? People's support, first class terrain for our kind of warfare
and inextinguishable patriotism of our young lions. Victory is ours-not only
because we want it but because it’s a verdict of history.
487
s d t n
5 ak,
ak, 1971
BRITISH LABOUR PARTY WAKES UP : UN INTERVENTION .

NOT WELCOME NOW
At long last the British Labor Party has come very near to clear commitment
on Bangladesh issue. A statement prepared by Party's national executive calls
for immediate end to military repression in Bangladesh and for the release of
Bengali political leaders-particularly Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The statement
also calls upon the Aid-Pakistan consortium and all other countries to suspend
all aid to the discredited military regime until a solution acceptable to the
people of Bangladesh is found. It also demands that the United Nations should
be more active in finding such a solution.
The statement is to be presented at the annual convention of the Labor Party
being held in Breighton this week. It is to be debated next Thursday and,
political observers believe, the views expressed by the leadership may get
endorsed in to by the general body,
This is indeed a significant development. Because despite persistent
lobbying and maneuvering by such leading members of the party and the
parliament as John Stonehouse, Peter Shore and others, party leader Harold
Wilson had remained tight-lipped over the Pakistani crime in Bangladesh.
There may be several reasons behind this seemingly sudden commitment.
One thing is certain that Bangladesh has at last begun making her presence felt-
around the world. Bangladesh is not just a case of 'internal revolt' of some
country like Greece, Spain or Nigeria. This realization has been (he highlight of
latest reactions from world capitals that had remained neutral so far. Labor
Party's awakening to the unshakable reality, even though it took six long
months to take shape, signifies unmistakably the rising of me great wind of
change. A number of Labor MPs were of the opinion that among all
international powers Britain has a unique responsibility toward the sub-
continent. It was argued that as Britain presided over the division of its Indian
empire in 1947-she is directly responsible for any anomaly generating from the
artificial division and consequent artificial unions. Islamabad junta's colonial,
racist and fascistic onslaught on the people of Bangladesh clearly showed that
British-aided division ot the sub-continent is not working at all. It is now clear
that to ensure a lasting and peaceful political equilibrium in the sub-continent,
the lines of demarcation have to be redrawn, rearranged. The new Republic of
Bangladesh has to be found a respectable place in the map of the sub-continent.
London could have played an important and significant role in the conflict.
By acting in time, the Conservative ministry of Edward Heath could have
saved the lives of thousands of innocent victims of Pakistani bullets and could
have minimized greatly the strain on India because of the exodus from
Bangladesh. But Sir Alec Douglas Home,
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the Foreign Secretary, failed to act positively enough. This failure has, quite probably,
spurred the Labor Party to seize the initiative. As Bangladesh is increasingly proving
an issue of great international significance, it is quite likely to play significant part in
British and American elections. Anyhow, whatever the causes of Labor leadership's
swing toward us, the people of Bangladesh will thank heart fully John Stone house
and those Labor members of the parliament who have proved themselves such great
friends of our people. Most certainly their maneuvers were mainly responsible for
ending Labor Party's indecision vis-a-vis Bangladesh.
About the involvement of the United Nations in Bangladesh-we are frankly
sceptical. Even after six months of gruesome killing the United Nations has failed
even to examine the accusations of genocide raised from four corners of the earth. It
remained a silent spectator when Yahya boastfully tried to our record, outscore his
pagan ancestor Nadir Shah through mass massacres in Bangladesh. In fact, with a
view to aiding Yahya in his brutal yet hopeless effort to suppress the spontaneous war
of Independence in Bangladesh it devised several ways to intervene. These were
resisted resolutely and successfully by the people of Bangladesh and their
international friends. Even today, the United Nations is viewing the conflict between
Bangladesh and Islamabad as a kind of confrontation between India and Pakistan.
This stand is considered positively mischievous and anti-people by the people of
Bangladesh because this has been the spirit of the Pakistani propaganda from the
moment Yahya opened his mouth on March the 26th .
In the interest of world peace and peace in South Asia and in the interest of the
people of Bangladesh who want to live in peace as a free people in their homeland,
there can be only one solution of the conflict. And that is outright and universally
recognized independence of Bangladesh. Let us point out, once again, that only
mutual trust and benefit could have been the basis for any union between the people
of Bangladesh and various regions of Pakistan, as they have nothing else in common,
linguistically, ethnically, culturally and historically. The common religion argument is
too stupid, too anachronistic to deserve a second mention.
Britain, U.S.A and certain other countries who have given large amounts of aid to
Pakistan are worried as creditors. Will Pakistan be able to repay the debts once the
rich jute and tea-producing land of Bangladesh becomes independent? This has been
their main worry and was the cause of their bewildering silence over Yahya's crimes.
West Pakistan is faced with acute economic crisis since the foreign exchange-earner
Bangladesh declared independence. Yahya and his stupid advisers have seen to it.
through nothing else but sheer arrogance, that there could never be any basis for a
rapprochement. Now the onus is on the creditors-some of whom also happen to be
Islamabad's political guides. Free Bangladesh has come to stay. The sooner they
realize this the better. Because by that acceptance of reality they might stop losing
further-in credits, debt-servicing and all that.
Only thing that remains to be done now is to force Yahya and his gang to see the
light and accept the verdict of history. Perhaps, countries like Britain are more
qualified
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for the job than the UN where some nations have already shown great inclination to
play football with the life-and-death issue of 75 million people. The game at UN suits
Yahya very well. Moreover, by its callous silence over the real issue the United
Nations has virtually lost its legitimate right to mediate.
14 ak,
ak, 1971
YAHYA AND HIS BY-ELECTIONS
One of the blessings of living in an ivory tower is that it allows inhabitants
limitless liberties-shame or morality or legality never has a role to play in their
schemes. Yahya's latest drum-headings about holding so-called by-elections in
occupied areas of Bangladesh where he did hold successful elections only 10 months
ago confirms this once again. Always being far away from the people and during last
6 and half months being only among his closest collaborators in crime-he seems to
have lost even that film-thin veneer of consciousness about what other people or even
the world may have to say about his series of misdeeds and crimes.
Otherwise how could any self-respecting man talk about electing representatives of
the people when he has, by the simple scratch of a pen (of course accompanied by
genocidal onslaughts on the people themselves), made the party that won the elections
illegal, invalidated the election of the 79 legally elected members and created
conditions to make sure that no more than 15 or 16 treacherous Awami Leaguers of
the rest 88 attend the farcical 'national assembly' that he say he intends to call next
December to frame a constitution-his constitution. A man who considers the rest of
the world foolish enough not to be able to see through these childish pranks of his
certainly qualifies for the title- "Ass of the century". It doesn't take a political expert
to understand that what he wants from East-not people's representatives but a set of
criminals who would not deter from committing any crime against the Bengali nation
to suit their master's taste for blood and intrigue.
But, in reality, this so-called holding of by-elections when Yahya has only his
razakars to vote for his selected criminals in the last desperate attempt at creating
some world consensus in his favor. Poor thing! Being always surrounded by
professional liars who constantly tell him fairy-tales about the exploits of his killers in
uniform in Bangladesh and secret sympathies of world government, he doesn't realize
the real extent of his predicament. The war in Bangladesh is all but lost. His war-cries
against India have been, so far, falling on deaf ears. Even his imperialist friends
realize that the man is going round the bend with every sunrise.
But he will not break until the very last moment. This is the only positive quality
that his thoroughly bad breeding has infused in him. Even after six months of
thrashing by the Mukti Bahini-even after he has lost the services of over 40,000 of his
best men and officers-he wants to pretend that he is not perturbed. In the next few
weeks he will be struck an unforgettable blow by the freedom fighters. But, if he is
still there, this sick
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arrogance of his is expected to continue. The suicidal war on Bangladesh has ruined
Pakistan economically nullifying its ill-gotten economic gains of last twenty four
years. But the tin-soldier would not budge. He still continues blowing through the
hopelessly punctured balloon of his non-existent prestige. He wants to show that he
doesn't give a damn to world's view of his effrontery. Despite Worldwide
condemnation of the illegal immoral trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the man had the
audacity to go through with it and condemning the People's leader to death. What
cowardly reaction to Sheikh's super bravery! If he wanted Sheikh could have escaped
to safety. But a democrat by heart and soul, he refused to do that and voluntarily,
accepted arrest. Now this criminal has also the audacity to 'leak out' his intentions-that
he might not murder Sheikh but instead let him rot in Pakistani prisons for the rest of
his life. He thinks that by this he would be able to demoralize the freedom fighters.
But, like all his erstwhile thoughts, he is gravely mistaken in this one too. Sheikh did
not put all the eggs in the same basket. He stayed on but ordered all his lieutenants to
continue the fight until victory. The greatest ambition of his life has been the
establishment of a free, independent Bangladesh. Well-this has been achieved. What
remains to be done now is its consolidation through a mopping-up operation against
the foreign enemy, That is being carried out with increasing speed and efficiency. Our
great leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's physical presence may not be necessary as
every freedom fighter, whether with arms or without arms is inspired by his ideals.
Bangabandhu Shaikh Mujibur has left behind a million Mujiburs. Yahya is
welcome to taste what such a leadership can mean.
15 ak,
ak, 1971
MONEM ELIMINATED : OTHER COLLABORATORS
SHAKING IN PANTS
So traitor Monem gets his due at last. For the first time in Bangladesh it has been
established that crime, after all, doesn't always pay. As expected, Ayub Khan has
publicly shed a few drops of tears for the man who served him with the devotion and
ferocity of an Alsatian. Monem had one good quality-he never could be discreet with
his inner feelings. For this, often he used to talk quite shamelessly, about his master's
benevolence that made a Governor out of a brief less district lawyer. He not only
worked like a slave for his master-but successfully created within himself the soul of
an ideal slave. When Ayub and his grotesque dictatorship were hated by the people-
this man had the hateful guts to pronounce publicly-"Ayub is my father, my leader."
With his active help Ayub turned the then East Pakistan into a colonial market for
West Pakistan's industry. The more the people of Bangladesh hated him, the more
reasons Ayub had for retaining him. He inflicted him on the Bengali people for 7 long
years.
Monem was Ayub's most trusted collaborator in latter's grand designs against
Bengali people's autonomy movement in general-and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the
Awami
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League in particular. Prisons of Bangladesh swelled with thousands of patriots.

Monem unleashed all the evil powers that Ayub reposed in him in his attempt to crush
Sheikh Mujib and his party. In May 1966 he had Sheikh arrested. On the 6th of June
the same year when the 6-point autonomy movement was formally launched, he set
his police against the demonstrators and soon there was no space left in the prisons to
lake more prisoners.
Alongside the reign of terror, developed unprecedented volumes of corruption and
nepotism. In the offices nothing would move without bribe. Every leaf of Monem's
family-tree prospered like magic. During his last years, public traffic had to be
stopped to make room for his escorted, siren blaring American car. In every sense,
Monem symbolised Ayub's worst insult to Bengali nation. No wonder Ayub calls him
a great patriot in his funeral message.
The man is dead now. The Mukti Bahini in its purification campaign has removed
him despite fullest protection given to him by the Pakistani army. Justice has
triumphed-however delayed. No more will this man be mentioned in matters
concerning Bangladesh. Let no man right his epitaph.
Elimination of Monem has reportedly struck terror in the hearts of the quislings
and collaborators of the foreign army in Bangladesh. The so-called ministers in
Motaleb Malik's puppet cabinet have been shaking in their pants. They do not usually
come out of doors even with army escort. Fazlul Qader Choudhury-the so-called
politician has reportedly fled to West Pakistan. Parid Ahmed, too, has gone into
hiding. And, that rat Mahmud Ali does not know for sure whether he should return to
Bangladesh whose people he betrayed as Yahya's stooge at the United Nations. The
days of the traitors at Dacca University, Radio Pakistan and Dacca Television are
numbered too. But there is still time to repent. Stop betraying your own kith and kin
only to help a vicious foreign enemy. Come to the liberated area and surrender. You
may be forgiven.
2 /m,
/m, 1971
YAHYA'S APPROACHING DOOM
The man who has lost only one ear tends to walk along one side of the road. But
when he has lost both his ears he walks through the middle of the road. So goes a
Bengali saying about shamelessness. And it fits so well with the way Yahya has been
moving as revealed in his latest interview with London's Empire Loyalist paper the
Daily Mail. When the whole world knows that he and his gang were hectically
preparing to put into effect a two-year old genocide plan against the people of
Bangladesh holding fake talks with Sheikh Mujib, this creature still insists that Sheikh
Mujib went back on his promise of asking only internal autonomy and organized and
led an armed rebellion. Ignorance is indeed a bliss for such incorrigible nincompoops.
The fellow does not seem to recognize the glaring fallacy of his own claims.
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After the heinous betrayal of the people of Bangladesh he suddenly postponed on

February 28 the scheduled opening session of the National Assembly. Sheikh Mujib
had every right to opt for armed struggle against the vicious junta, the usurpers of
people's, power, and its feudal and capitalist collaborators like Bhuttos, Saigols and
Adamjees. But icing it heart-and-soul democrat he still hoped against hope. He chose
a nonviolent means to give Yahya and his gang the last chance. But the criminals
seized the, opportunity to prepare for one of history's grisliest crimes. If Sheikh really
had organized armed rebellion he would not be in Yahya's prison now to swallow
indignities and suffer tortures from such scrums of (he earth. The fact is, if Yahya had
anticipated the kind of armed struggle that the people of Bangladesh have succeeded
in mobilising despite the sudden, unsuspecting onslaught by not, less than 5 divisions
of Pakistani animals in human garb, things would have been quite different now. He
and his collaborators would have come to the table like good boys for talks. Sheikh
Mujib through his Six Points Charter had given them the last opportunity to save
Pakistan through a partnership of equals. But then Pakistani army generals are not
supposed to be visionaries nor are they supposed to be politician by any measure.
Quite naturally, thus, they were intoxicated with the armed might that they had
acquired hut paid for by the poverty-stricken people, they led themselves into
believing that by indiscriminate murder, rape, loot and arson hey would be able to
cow down the 75 million people of Bangladesh within 72 hours to urn Bangladesh
into colonial paradise for the Pakistani coterie for centuries and the Bengalees would
be forced to serve their Pakistani masters. However ridiculous the idea night have
been it fitted perfectly with the mentality of the man who, even in this stage of
civilization, quite shamelessly boasts of his decadency from that mass-killing pagan
Nadir Shah in presence of foreign journalists. As the days of tyrants molding human
destiny are over, Yahya despite the infernal massacre campaign in Bangladesh, is now
faced with an unavoidable defeat. Bengalees are poised to prove that it is the people
and not a handful of tyrants who would choose the course of future history.
The Daily Mail interview also reveals that Yahya has at last started talking about
independent Bangladesh however reluctantly. He has accused India of trying to install
in Bangladesh a 'puppet' government. This is indeed an observation of great humor.
The elected representatives of Bangladesh would form a 'puppet1 government and
Yahya's quislings in Dacca have formed a 'representative' government! Even a look
through the wrong end of the telescope" would produce a better observation. Perhaps
the same cupidity is also responsible for the so-called bye-elections for choosing
obedient quislings. I leave the conclusion to the listeners. Let us assure Yahya and the
world that Bangladesh Liberation Forces are new quite capable of driving out the
Pakistani invaders from the soil of Bangladesh. All India should do now is to remain
war-ready to counter Pakistani onslaught against her sovereignty. Yahya has
apparently told both Newsweek and the Daily Mail that he would definitely go to war
with India. He has even talked of Chinese arms aid in case of a War. This is probably
a bluff-meant to bolster up Pakistani morale. Cleverly he did not mention U. S. arms
aid. Pakistani war adventure in 1965 has proved quite clearly that no country can fight
a modern war without a war industry-with
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borrowed arms. Islamabad is welcome to taste a bigger defeat this lime. He

should remember what the Indian Defense Minister has just said. He said: This
time war would be fought only on West Pakistani soil. Whether Yahya actually
starts a war against India or not, he can cleanly write off Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is destined to be free perhaps before the end of the year.
Another laughable aspect has been an unwanted advice of Yahya to Mrs.
Indira Gandhi. After hurling abuses, that are characteristic of his bad breeding
at the Indian Premier he went on to warn that an independent Bangladesh
would mean the beginning of the end of the Indian Union. It seems that even
after so much trouble the fellow is totally incapable of understanding the laws
of politics or history. He fails to see that the people of Bangladesh opted for
independence only after it was made clear that their union with Pakistan only
means an endless subjugation that has all the characteristics of classical
colonialism. If there has been any genuine effort on the part of the usurpers of
political power in Pakistan to treat Bangladesh as a partner with full democratic
rights history-would have moved along a completely different course. In India,
Yahya fails to realize, the very practice of democracy does not allow outright
colonization of one region by another. It is in this democracy lies the root of
Indian unity. Because the reactionary clique led by the army will never allow
democracy to flourish in Pakistan, disintegration of what was once Pakistan
would not halt with the parting of Bangladesh alone. Even the feeble union of
West Pakistani regions would eventually snap and perhaps no less bloodily.
Because there exists a no less crude form of exploitation of at least three other
regions by one. The domination of feudal Punjab in the armed forces, in
administration and industry and commerce was responsible for the Baluch
rebellion of 1959-a rebellion that was ruthlessly suppressed with the world
knowing little about ii. In fact, it was this success that encouraged the killer
junta to undertake the murder mission against the people of Bangladesh. As
things are moving now-within a matter of years the very name of Pakistan will
vanish from the surface of the earth. Only the people of Pakistan by rising in
arms against the vicious clique and its class allies like Bhutto can stave off this
logical inevitability.
9 /m,
/m, 1971
US PEOPLE FORCE NIXON STOP ARMS FLOW

The United States has suspended all future arms aid to Pakistan. According
to State Department spokesman Charles Bray the decision to revoke the license
granted to Pakistan for 3.6 million dollars worth of military hardware was
reached several weeks ago. The time taken to announce the decision has been
attributed to the technicality of informing the Congress first.
On the face of it, the announcement signifies, at least, partial victory for a
large section of the American people and their elected representatives to the
Congress.
494
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Nevertheless the decision has been taken with a view to creating an impact on
the !972 presidential elections. President Nixon's foreign policy has suffered
.severe setback with the signing of the Indo-Soviet pact and the entry of the
Peoples Republic of China into the United Nation and consequent expulsion of
the US baby-the Taiwan regime of Chiang Kai Shek. According to political
observers, this deliberately timed announcement of the stoppage of arms aid to
Pakistan is being interpreted as an attempt by President Nixon to recoup at least
a part of the territory he had lost to the Democrats.
The announcement, however, should receive careful consideration of the
people of Bangladesh and their friends around the world. One must not fail to
notice that the decision to stop future arms aid was reached with the consent of
Yahya junta. Moreover, there is absolutely nothing to suggest that there has
been any change at all in U. S. Administration's basic approach to Bangladesh
tragedy. Despite Indian Prime Minister's personal approach, President Nixon
has chosen to remain sympathetic to Islamabad regime and has declined to put
pressure upon Yahya and his killer gang even to halt their butchery in
Bangladesh. This fact, again, emphasizes that the stoppage decision has,
perhaps, nothing to do with the plight of the Bangladesh people-that the move
is aimed at U. S. politics at home.
The fact that Yahya voluntarily agreed to the stoppage-particularly at a time
when he is faced with certain defeat in Bangladesh-invites a lot of suspicion.
Could it be that he agreed to the stoppage of direct aid in lieu of promises of
the same aid through indirect channels? Pakistan's close lies with Saudi Arabia.
Jordan, Iran and Turkey may help to open up an alternative route for U. S. arms
flow without disturbing Nixon Administration's domestic image. All these
countries have been close collaborators of Yahya in latter's genocidal war
against Bangladesh people. There are confirmed reports that during last six
months substantial quantities of military hardware and fuel came to Yahya by
way of Tehran and Ankara. Is there any way to stop passage of U. S. arms
crates via these countries? U. S. Congressmen have displayed great alertness
over their administration's heartless policy vis-a-vis Bangladesh. Perhaps, they
would now be on the lookout for any such deception.
A great part of the credit for the stoppage of direct arms supply to Islamabad
must go lo "New York Times". Had it not been for its superb exposition of the
State Department lies vis-a-vis continued arms aid to Pakistan despite a public
announcement to the contrary-the real behind-the-scene story would never have
come to light. By this the paper has served a great human cause-because the
entire civilization is now on trial .in Bangladesh. We are pretty certain that with
such daring watchdogs of human values remaining active, it would not be easy
for the black cargo to reach the killers unnoticed. Despite the doubts and fears,
the State Department announcement certainly marks a significant step forward
in mankind's march toward a better world. We congratulate all these
Congressmen who have been responsible for exerting the pressure needed.
495
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13 o15 /m,
/m, 1971
PAKISTAN IN TIGHT CORNER: D-DAY NEARING :
WARNING FOR UN
A senior editor of Newsweek has just been in Mujibnagar by way of Bangkok,
after spending a number of days in occupied and liberated areas of Dacca district.
Despite worldwide speculation about the imminence of an Indo-Islamabad war,
privately he is of the opinion that Pakistan is hardly in a position to fight a full-scale
war with India. The colonial army in Bangladesh is in a desperate position. After
visiting several Mukti Bahini strongholds in and around Dacca he has concluded that
the Bahini is not only a viable force but has already succeeded in cornering the
invaders. Pakistanis are so short of ammunition supply that often they fail to reply to
Mukti Bahini shelling. In more than 50 per cent of their operations the freedom
fighters succeed in capturing enemy arms and ammunition stocks. He also reports that
the Mukti Bahini has gained such confidence by these successes that they no longer
retreat after the sudden attacks. They capture an area and stay there. This latest tactic
has paid off handsomely in many ways. Not only this is destroying Pakistani morale
but is wining at the same time, greater and greater confidence of the population.
Pakistanis are in the habit of surprise attacks against unarmed civilians anytime they
suffer a defeat at the hands of the Mukti Bahini. Now this hit-and-crush policy has
reduced civilian casualty considerably. The Newsweek man, a veteran of many wars
including Vietnam, Algeria, South Africa and Biafra, is of the opinion that Islamabad
is militarily nearly-finished. He thinks that even without an Indo-Pak conflagration
the Mukti Bahini is capable of winning the war much sooner than Western observers
would like to admit. He told a friend in confidence that Pakistan is certain to taste
defeat in one or, at most, two months.
Such an assessment by someone who is one of the few confidante's of Yahya
certainly draws attention. Apparently, he has been personally requested by Yahya to
make a secret realistic report to him about the predicament of his army in Bangladesh.
This fact, of course, should prove rather disturbing for the Mukti Bahini boys who
took the correspondent in confidence and showed him their camps and strategic
installations. There is little to suggest that he was not spying for Yahya. Perhaps time
is here for the Mukti Bahini to impose a security cordon against all foreign
correspondents. During last one week or so, hundreds of these correspondents were
frantically searching for Mukti Bahini stones. After pooh-poohing Bahini war efforts
and their successful hits against Pak army for 6 long months suddenly they have
realized the extent of the blunder they had committed. They are also keen on the story
in a sort of Cuban way. As the Mukti Bahini is certain to be victorious they must
discover the political character of the struggle. Are they all nationalists or Reds in
disguise? And, as past experience shows, the conclusions generally have little to do
with reality. So it is always better to stay away from them in every possible manner.
The freedom fighters, even if they happen to meet these people, they must not talk on
politics or war tactics. They must mistrust them all
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unless there are definite proofs to the contrary. Now, a caution far the inhabitants f
Dacca. The desperate enemy might seek to attack and destroy the city itself when h
begins to reel the hopelessness of this position. The people must prepare themselves f
the fateful day right now. He assured that this time it will not be an one-sided affair
The citizens must not only help the Mukti Bahini boys hut also rise with whatever
they can lay their hands on to kill enemy soldiers who will he driven out of the
cantonment and would be forced into hand to hand street fighting. You have nothing
to fear. We are much too numerous, and now much too strong, for them.
Meanwhile a lot of publicity is being given to the blowing up of an American ship
donning United Nations markings at China port. The ship, claimed US and UN
sources carried nothing else but food grains for relief. The publicity clearly aims to
establish that freedom fighters want the famine-stricken people of Bangladesh to die
without food. Whether the suffering millions of Bangladesh would believe the story
or not is nut difficult to guess. They know who their friends a re-freedom fighters or
the United Nations that continues to give tacit approval to Yahya's genocide in
Bangladesh. So there is nothing on UN's record to prove that it cares a hoot about
whether we die or live. In fact, we are not quite sure whether the ship actually had a
cargo of food grains and didn't have hidden ammunition- Even if it carried food grains
there is nothing to assure us that the stuff was not meant to feed the bcseiged Pakistani
Army. We have definite proof of World Red Cross milk meant for emaciated babies
being used to feed the Pakistani invaders.
Let this be a warning. Any ship calling at enemy occupied ports of Chittagong and
Chalna would be categorized as saboteurs and collaborators. It is our sacred duty to
destroy them. Any country genuinely concerned about the plight of our people should
send their food gifts through the Government of Bangladesh-the only legal authority
of the land. Any attempt to by-pass it would be interpreted as a hostile act.
In reply to a question by the Newsweek man, Yahya's chief killer in Bangladesh
General Niazi has threatened to deploy his tanks once again against the people ol
Dacca if the Mukti Bahini boys take the fighting inside the city. He blow his tops and
said that the Bengalees should know what the colonial army can do to the unarmed
civilians of Dacca. This is, indeed, the first public admission by the killers that they
deployed tanks against defenseless, unarmed citizens of Dacca on and after March 25.
The silly General didn't quite realize that this boasting to the foreigner actually gave
away the degree or Pakistani soldiers' cowardice. Anyway Mukti Bahini is well
prepared this time to face all the consequences.
22-
22-23 /m,
/m, 1971
BANGLADESH GET READY!

Most of the journalists who had entered the occupied as well as the liberated areas
of Bangladesh usually come to Mujibnagar to report then" experience to anyone
willing to
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listen. This specialist traffic has been coming this way over last two or three weeks.
Many of them, including the correspondents of some of the well-known papers with
international circulation, have filed stones to tell the world, in one way or another,
that Pakistan has been buried on March 25 and that Bangladesh is not only a reality
but, in a matter of weeks, it might score a total military victory over the decaying
occupation forces. Needless to say that these correspondents and photographers are,
invariably, dispassionate in their views. They take all kinds of risks just to be able to
file exclusive stories, not for any cause, but for their own professional fame. As a
result, their views, although often devoid of compassion for the suffering, in a way
provides a fairly reliable guide.
Over two weeks or so I have personally met a large number of these journalists,
Ail of them appeared to present the same picture about the Pakistani occupation,
army's hopelessness. They used to hesitate to concede even this much only a month
ago. The mounting atrocities and indiscriminate killing going on in the enemy
occupied zones of Bangladesh further confirm the nervousness of the killer army. In
fact, the atrocities are likely to be stepped up even further with every victory the
Mukti Bahini scores against them.
The people living in the occupied zones particularly in the cities of Dacca,
Chittagong and Comilla should prepare themselves right now for any eventuality. The
net is closing in steadily. The Mukti Bahini boys have been marching toward Dacca
from al! directions. The occupation army's supply lines are dwindling fast. Their
officers are expected to fly out of Bangladesh when things get really hot leaving
behind the dumb, halfwit soldiers to kill and destroy until the ammunition stocks are
exhausted and then to get killed themselves. This horrible phase is not far off. The
citizens must take note and prepare themselves in any way they think best. Their only
duty would be to stay alive by whatever means and help the liberation fighters when
they lay a siege round the cantonment. The killers are most likely to attempt a total
destruction of the cities by launching shells and rockets from inside the cantonments.
They may even be tempted to let loose the mini China-built tanks against the cities.
But these tanks are vulnerable to anti-tank weapons that the Mukti Bahini have in
abundance. They will be blown to pieces in no time. The fact few days fight in the
Western Sector-already as many as 13 medium sized tanks have been destroyed by
the Mukti Bahini. The Pakistanis are not likely to come out of the cantonments being
afraid of street fighting with the Mukti Bahini to be outnumbered and outgunned. The
extent of prolongation of the war will depend on how long the enemy can hold out in
the cantonment. Mukti Bahini's strategy is to flush them out. Keeping these in mind-
the people must prepare themselves right now. There is no time to be lost. Stay clear
of the cantonment areas.
Meanwhile the world continues to be in total darkness about suspected massacre
that took place in Dacca late last week when the army went about the unarmed
civilians after suddenly clamping curfew on the city early in the morning for nearly 15
hours at a stretch. The world press and radio networks did not appear to receive any
report from their correspondents on the grisly happening. This shows that the killer
authorities have
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stopped the correspondents from filing stories on the massacre. Of course, the killers
could not possibly hide the whole story for ever. Soon some foreign correspondents
would come out of Dacca to tell the world what has actually happened. Our own
reports indicate that fighting did take place between the Mukti Bahini and the killers
well before his curfew was clamped. Losing the fight the invaders went about the
innocent civilian’s n revenge-the natural reaction of the cowards. This war has proved
that the Pakistani lords are primitive barbarians right from the pages of medieval
history and that modern civilization and its values failed to make any impression on
them. As soldiers they are; One of the most cowardly even known. They seem to fight
with lot of velour only against unarmed men and women and children.
24 /m,
/m, 1971
FINAL BATTLE BEGINS:

MUKTI BAHINI RIDING HIGH
Just before the end of the rainy season there were a surprisingly large number of
pundits all over the place to suggest that with the advent of the dry season the
Pakistani barbarians in Bangladesh would turn into an army of Hercules’s and would
beat the tiny Bengali freedom fighters to a pulp. Quite naturally this was the hope that
was nursed by these dubious pundits, in other words, the admirers of the fictional
Pakistani prowess. Well, half the prediction was right i.e. the prediction about some
people getting chopped into mince meat. It has become too evident even for the
reluctant foreign correspondents to ignore. Since the Mukti Bahini quickly changed
their lactic of hit-and-run for one of hit-stay-and-crush about four weeks ago, the
brave young lions of Bangladesh struck terror in the hearts of the invaders by driving
to hell an unbelievable number of their lives in frontal, unrelenting battles all over
Bangladesh. Finding himself totally powerless Yahya sought to take it out on
neighboring India by shelling her undefended towns and villages and by killing
innocent civilians-the only job in which this descendent of the pagan marauder Nadir
Shah has already displayed great expertise.
In reply to extreme restraint displayed by India Yahya-clique have been flexing
their fatty muscles. Right from the day the freedom fighters of Bangladesh took to
arms, the frightened skunks of Islamabad have been trying their best to
internationalize the Bangladesh-Islamabad conflict. Although the animals have quite a
few foreign associates !n (heir crimes against the people of Bangladesh, they all failed
to involve the United Nations in the conflict for one reason or another.
Now, failing in its international maneuvers, the skunks are bent upon going over
the rink-if necessary, along with the unsuspecting, ignorant 45 million people of
Pakistan. Early last week when the Mukti Bahini initiated the final phase of this war
of national liberation-Pakistani invaders in Bangladesh have suffered heavy casualties
and they have been made to run in all the sectors. With every defeat they suffer
Islamabad-controlled
499
s d t n
radios cry hoarse over imaginary involvement of Indian troops. Of course, this has
been the stupid official line right from the start. They always found great pleasure in
terming the freedom fighters as Indian infiltrators. The silly stand made them world's
laughing stock. But, then, shame or international humiliation means little to the
arrogant buffaloes with brains about the size of peanuts.
Even though the impartial journalists would not corroborate Islamabad's fiction
about Indian tanks rolling towards Jessore, it matters little to the frightened generals.
They have already declared emergency and are going frantically through the motions
of precipitating a war with India hoping against hope that someone will come to their
rescue in Bangladesh. Yet even a child knows that Islamabad is hardly likely to
declare war against India because that would simply mean shedding of Pakistani
blood on Pakistani soil. Until now the killer junta has been, by and large, successful in
deceiving the entire Pakistani population with shocking lies about the Bangladesh
massacre and the crisis that was precipitated by nobody else but the junta members
almost out of the blue. The tons of thousands of dead bodies of Pakistani soldiers are
either buried or burnt out with petrol in Bangladesh. And nothing about the inglorious
end is disclosed to dead soldiers' relations. But when Indian tanks and planes actually
start hitting the cities of Lahore, Karachi and Rawalpindi-blood will flow-Pakistani
blood for a change-and the whole game will be over for the junta. It is already worse
than worst in Bangladesh. Troubles in Pakistan would virtually mean the capitulation
of the killer junta. Thus, this war-dance and jingoism are perhaps put up shows, more
exercises in political and military impotency. Whatever the killer junta does-it will
never shift the theatre of conflict from Bangladesh to Pakistan. So far as they are
concerned-if more blood is to flow let it be Bengali blood.
But, the fun is that, they are doomed to defeat in Bangladesh as well-and in the
hands of the Mukti Bahini. And a lot sooner than many observers would concede or
would want to believe. India has nothing to gain by going to war. In fact, she has
everything to gain by not going to war. Why should she fight a war when the Mukti
Bahini is capable of guaranteeing the return of all Bangladesh refugees to their
homes-refugees who have been India's primary concern? If Pakistani planes are shot
down it is only to show to Islamabad killers that India was no longer prepared to
tolerate any more violation of her territorial integrity whether on land, sea or air.
Whatever may the transmitters of Islamabad liars have to say about to war, one
thing is certain the Mukti Bahini is poised for final victory. Our countrymen
particularly those who are captives in the occupied areas of Bangladesh-you can now
wait for the new dawn. The darkness of the ghastly night of horror is clearing fast.
Until your liberators reach yon-fight and stay alive. The citizens of Dacca, Chittagong
and Comilla and other towns in particular must remain extra alert. While the entire
western sector is being liberated fast, special divisions and battalions are moving
steadily toward the capital and port cities. Civilians must try and stay away from the
confrontation zones.
500
s d t n
25 /m,
/m, 1971
THE DECISIVE STAGE
The war of Bangladesh National Liberation has now gone well into the decisive
stage. Reports from Western Sector indicate that liberation of Jessore town is
imminent. Capture of Jessore would in real terms, mean at least half the final victory-
as this will actually mean defeat of Pakistani troops in all the Sectors that rely on
Jessore for their supplies, In other words, except parts of Dacca and Chittagong
Pakistanis could be totally got rid off. The frantic withdrawal of Pakistani troops and
collaborators from Jessore over last few days indicates that the killer invaders are
already on the run. PIA planes were engaged to run as many as 40 sorties daily.
Meanwhile, during the battle all along Jessore Road, Mukti Bahini boys have been
scoring decisive victories. They have knocked out over 15 tanks and a large number
of enemy soldiers. Being caught in a desperate position the invaders called in their air
force for bombing and strafing the Mukti Bahini positions. One of the four Sabre jets
was shot down by ground fire1. The rest 3, trying to show off, crossed Indian borders
and were neatly destroyed by Indian Air Force. Meanwhile, in Chittagong, reports the
Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the Bangladesh Air Force went into operation
for the first time and bombed the hell out of surprised Pakistanis. But, despite all these
defeats, the shameless mouthpiece of Islamabad beasts, Radio Pakistan, goes on
barking about fictional Pakistani victories. It mentions all the Sectors where the killers
are getting ail the licking but claims, in the same breath, that the fleeing Pakistanis
have killed hundreds of Indian soldiers. Obviously, by Indian soldiers-the faithful dog
means the Mukti Bahini boys. By listening to the Radio it would seem that the Bahini
boys were sucking their thumbs when the Pakistanis allegedly killed them and ran.
That the Pakistanis are in a mess is amply proved by the way Niazi has' been
behaving of late. He has been going on daily murder sprees in Dacca by imposing
curfew every six or ten hours or so. Reports say, that the Pakistani murderers have
been on continuous rampage. The unarmed and innocent civilians were being
subjected to murder, loot, rape and arson. This outrage coming after so many claims
of 'normalcy' certainly proves that Niazi has gone berserk out of fear and frustration.
One Pakistani spokesman has admitted publicly that they are hopelessly outnumbered,
outgunned. He is right-for a change. But killer Niazi wouldn't believe it. The fool has
announced cash rewards for Mukti Bahini heads. He is much too idiotic to realize that
it is too late in the game for such stupid antics. He has also proved himself, rather
lousy on figures. He does not realize that entire treasury of Islamabad would get
exhausted if rewards are to be paid for even a third of the Mukti Bahini heads.
Perhaps, he knows that he won't have to pay a penny in real terms. Not one head will
be sold out to foreign invaders.
It's a futile exercise Niazi. Take our advice: Get out of Bangladesh before. it is too
late.
501
s d t n
28 m,
m, 1971
NIAZI'S PITIFUL BOASTS
.London's The Daily Express has called Yahya a sadistic general with the
intelligence of a Sergeant-Major, If that is the I. Q. of his boss, what, then, could be
the level of intelligence of Lt. General Niazi-Yahya's killer associate in the occupied
areas of Bangladesh? A clue to this is certainly available in Newsweek's Senior Editor
Arnand Borchgrave's on the spot reporting from the occupied .one a few days earlier.
It suggests that this nincompoop of a general has the intelligence of an overfed
buffalo. Consequently, he is totally unresponsive to most of the human sensibilities
and realities. Perhaps this is the only explanation that could be attributed to his silly
boasts about how he has been killing the guerrillas. He reportedly barked: Oh, I'm not
afraid of the guerrillas: I'm picking them off like flies." Obviously, the smug nit has
neither the experience nor the intelligence to know how difficult it is to kill a fly.
Moreover, the analogy falls flat when one realizes that flies don't bite-like the way
Mukti Bahini tarantulas have been sucking the life blood out of the invaders. What's
more, these tarantulas are immune from all kinds of insecticides that Niazi may have
in his store. It's only a fool's smugness that has been allowing him to bark so noisily
even at this stage of the game. Soon you will be laughing from the other side of your
mouth Niazi-it's a solemn promise from us to you. Try and stay alive if you can to
listen to the final jazz-to be more precise, to the inglorious regime.
Yahya and his stupid generals may not have realized what is really happening-but
the good old lago seems to have got the smell of death already. Zulfi Bhutto, the self-
styled Duke of Larkana, has reportedly said in Karachi that "Old Pakistan is dead.
And that a new Pakistan must be created to avert a catastrophe". In other words, the
clever cheat and the liar of a Dick has already written off Bangladesh and is already
pleading for arresting further disintegration of the artificial union of Pakistani
nationalities. Yet, it was only seven months ago-on March 26 to be more precise-that
this man had boasted "I have saved Pakistan"-after giving his fullest support to
Yahya's campaign of genocide against the people of Bangladesh. It requires a truly
shameless creature to make such an about-turn and that, too, so publicly. However, by
this he has displayed at least a higher degree of political understanding than those
beasts in generals uniform, He knows how bad things are and how fast the whole of
Pakistan is sliding toward disaster. Pakistan is finished-he knows that. Now to save
his skin he is moving cleverly. He no longer demands transfer of power. The
artificially created war-hysteria against India has helped him very much. The
declaration of a state of emergency rules out any possibility of that never-never power
transfer. Yet, cunning Bhutto is quiet. As trouble fumes all over Pakistan he continues
to play the dubious role. Without taking any lesson from his fiasco in Bangladesh,
Yahya has chosen to apply the same stick against the Sindhis, Baluchis and Pathans.
The National Awami Party of both Wall Khan and Moulana Bhashani have been
banned using the same pretext that was used against the Awami League. And, as
expected, the reaction, too, is going to be the same. As NAP and Awami League
leaders
502
s d t n
are being hauled up, armed resistance is breaking out. The outcome-that is
inevitable is the disappearance of the State of Pakistan from the surface of the
earth. Bhutto is cleverly moving out of the scene—so that the blame doesn't fall
on him. Yet the fact is he has played no less an active role in this shocking
tragedy than that of Yahya and his criminal collaborators.
The end is near. Probably nearer than a few weeks. On Bangladesh theatre
the last act is more than halfway through. There the net is closing in steadily
and fast. The next play has already commenced-not along Indo-Pak border but
in Pakistan itself. Despite all his muscle flexing-Yahya cannot afford a war
against India. That means he would eventually fail in rousing the fascist
jingoism in the people. He is certain to fail in his attempt to divert their
attention from the inner strife that is waiting there like a time bomb. It is certain
to explode and with it will explode the fascist generals, fascist feudal-lord
politicians and fascist bureaucrats-the entente that was all along responsible for
this sad end.
503
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509
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(D। e '"i /яg яnt $ 1। e H; @s яnt L(, i।
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'D / ( ? s i@ " 'D / ( ( / s(i।
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/S 'D 'D k। k (* ua, “/ /S k s(i 1
2 я2 '> *(, ' /( s(i o। ' /( s(i o।’’
/я s(i D। / ((2 1D /S k / r2।
r2 d’', ', D। / n /S k-' , ' , s(i D '।
s(i D /S, s(i D (d" , 22, /я, (, " / @
k। s(i D k '( k, 5 i1@1 @ g /L (
k '9 1D, s(i D " " '(2 H।
n, / n / ', я kD। /S t k "= / ', я
e(( @1 '=D। o ( (>D n? '(> । '@i ', '(> , ', я D
'S।
(s "( @ ¢s @1 '=D। 472 (s я=
$। d2 dя@я, e(2 'gs1, 12 " jя। e(2 e(2
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510
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@ /। ,$K5-,$K5 ( ' o "( k। 1 1 ' o k m(।
/ t (1( 2 '*( 'H tr2 Gh @1 ,
/ '" 2 trs5 (Yk @ / (> = я?1 /
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@; (D p; a;(, gk, iя 1, "(। 9( '"k212
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p* '*( ei o ' e(2 LiK; (l @ 1 H?nt ( H(,
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t b я ast i* ( '*( D 'S ,1। / pK us
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я"L ""; D ', ' /i / (D ' i /i a "
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511
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e" @sk a( '1 @1 ? d H1, /nя5( /i a "
=K@; a . '@, k k H k 2 я '@, k k /5
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>, । e a( (D ', '( я s*5 D? / (Di ' ।
d H1 @( k e '=D। e '=D ', /i E @ 'o1 '(
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512
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"$t

24। s ' '(nd s ' '(nd ......1971
"E "$, (a) t
25 /=s, 1971 2। '" ('(")

1। '" '" '" '( '" ('(") 3। /1 ,H я ( ()
2। * ' ' яn @ e(2 (@ 4। a ( k 1D (/ яb)
(/ @) 5। dя51 - ('(")
3। d 1 =( /я
4। '" '" @я '" 19 '"pm,
'"pm, 1971
21 a 1 a
1। я i1 o (/ яb) 1। '" 1 '? ' ('(")
2। я= a n ua ('(") 2। '" '" @я '" ()
3। / ' 2 =n ('S¤" @ ) 3। / ' 2 ()
4। S ' 1 a; 4। я= я= o E ()
5। я= я= o E
21 a
31 a 1। ' '= ' 'D ('(")
1। , m" ( (/ @) 2। 1 1 ()
2। ( '¤@ (2 ('(") 3। / k i ()
3। я "g ,i () 4। @я D (/ яb)
4। / p H 5। я1¢ ( я (' @b)
5। / o D o D 1 (n 6। @1 HK ' K5 '@ (sp 1)
(n @() 7। d 1 =( /я ('(")
8। ( '¤@ (2 ()
28 /=s,
/=s, 1971
21 a 31 a
1। ' я ";= (' / @) 1। k 'S2 ('(")
2। я i1 o (/ яb) 2। я "g ,i ()
3। o '(*1 '= (@ / "() 3। / 1 ( (я /@)
4। / 1 ( (я /@) 4। ' '1 D? D?( ( ~,5)
5। /я (aя 1) 5। E ast ( я "()
6। a ( k 1D (/ яb)
31 a 7। '" '" '" '( ('(")
1। E ast ( я "()
513
s d t n
29 '"pm,
'"pm, 1971 5। '" s $ ( я /@)
21 a 6। я= a n ( яr =)
1। * ' яn @ 7। ( '¤@ (2- ()
(/ @ o sp 1)
2।/1 ,H я ( ('(") 31 a
3। ' ' / ' () 1। o я= я= o E ('(")
4। '" () 2। oя1 " e=1 , ()
5। я1¢ ( ' я (' @ b) 3। k b ujj ()
6। ( , '( ( (@ 1) 4। я "g ,i ()
7। ( D ( яr =) 5। '" s $ ( я /@)
8। я= a n () 6। /я h1 @ (aя 1)
7। / k ' i ('(")
31 a
1। oя1 " e=1 , ('(") 1 m,
m, 1971
2। 'E o (nd "E) 21 a
3। 2 я ()
4। d ( a" (a ,nd ')1। яn / ; @ = ('(")
5।/1 ,H я ( ('(")2। я1 я1 я1 ()
6। я= я= o b ()3। $ /( "$5 uaD ()
4। 2 я (nd"E)
21 ak,
ak, 1971 5। o >2 '" ',1 >2 (nd *)
1 a 6। / o k i ( я )
7। d=5 = (n r ( яr =)
1। o / ' 2 (aя 1) 8। , D2 , (l=) (/E)
2। я1 я1 я1 ('(")
3। * ' ' яn @ (/ @)
4।'" '" '" '( ('(") 31 a
1। / p H ('(")
21 a 2। ' ' D? D?( ()
1। jD jD jD ( " o ar) 3। /1 ,H я ( ()
2। /1 ,H я ( ('(") 4। / e(я k" (n @()
3। я= я= o E () 5। e(2 S( >, (/)
4। , ' , () 6। d 1 =( /я ()
514
s d t n
15 m,
m, 1971 2। я1 ¢ ( я (' @ b)
1 a 3। '*( d ("5 /ud )
1। e uaD @k? /? ('(") 4। "= ? k? я=i
2। ' "$5 ' ,> 5। (nd "E)
(/ = ') 6। ei (*2 i (1 я ) ()
3। ‘eL d=5 oL d=5’- e(2 = ( 7। e ' =E ( ~,5 ) ()
"я -я@ Sr(
K5 1- /S / 9 g"m,
g"m, 1971
1971
"E , - p* a
1। "я1 ; 1। ; / яn$ ('(")
2। / @ 2। k ,i k ,i ()
3। S( /। 3। /g /g / /g ()
4। я pn "= n ()
31 a
5। k? kя ()
1। ( '¤@ (2 ('(") 6। /@ i1@1 (n (@ 1)
2। ' kя () 7। ( , '( ( ' ()
3। я "g , () 8। > 'E o (nd "E)
4। '" (я = ) (@ /)
5। , D2 , (Sя /E) 10 g"m,
g"m, 1971
6। e( ar ('(") p* a
7। ( ) 1। * /> / i ('(")
8। "g "g (a ) 2। e uaD @k? ()
3। ' яя ud ()
28 m,
m, 1971 4। ( '¤@ (2 ()
1। = ( (k ,i) 5। o b i '( '(
"E , "я1 ; ('(") (ind@ ')
2। я1 я1 ('(") 6। , , oя1
3। я "g ,i () (/ = я)
4।o > i k @ (nd"E) 7। я1 я1 ('(")
5। > 'E o ('(") 8। k E uj ()
5 g"m,
g"m, 1971 d1 a
1। eL d=5 oL d=5 1। o = '( /i ( *nd * 1)
515
s d t n
2।" '(2 /я p@ p ('(") 13 g"m,

g"m, 1971
3। o (я D>? i1 a
4। r r " 1। я1 я1 я1 @ ('(")
5। "m , ' 2। o (я D>? ()
6। kd ' (/ = ') 3। k?k¹ ()
7। ' 'яD , (@ / "() 4। ;(g '1 2 '?я ()
8। kя k( k( 5। $5 =n "$5 uaD ()
6। / o D o D (n @()
12 g"m,
g"m, 1971 7। r >?o r >?o (" ud )
d1 a 8। E ast ( я "()
9। e(2 S( >, (/ @)
1। '1 '1 ('(")
2। o i ( () 10। a ( k 1D (/яb)
3। '" ( '" 11। k¹ k( k( (nd "E)
(' ' ¤ /) 12। ;*5 pK /я5 ()
4। r r "
5। * /> / ' i (( /n) 14 g"m,
g"m, 1971
p* a
i1 a 1। $5 =n "$5 uaD ('(")
1। "g "g ('(") 2। ' kя ud ( яr=)
2। / p H () 3। ( D ()
3।k e(i * "g () 4। , "i > E ('(")
4। dя51 ' " '(2 () 5। "g /я "g ()
5। e uaD @k? /? () 6। k b ujj ()
6।eL d=5 oL d=5 () i1 a
7।"= ? k? я=i () 1। / '= / ('(")
8। kя k( (nd"E) 2। / e( k" ()
9। '*( d ("5 /ud ) 3। dя51 ()
10। o / '" i (' nS) 4। d=5 $ * n ()
11।я "g ,i ('(") 5। ' E ' ' E ' ()
12। /1 ,H я ( () 6। ' 'яD , (@ / "()
13।e ' =b (nd"E 7। "; , i1 ()
14। ei (*2 i () 8। n ( ' (md "E)
516
s d t n
9। h>1 h>1 h>1 (/ @) 3। , E , (l=) ('(")

10। > 'E o (nd"E) 4। k i k k ( (' / @)
11। , i , i ()
i1 a
16 g"m,
g"m, 1971 1। " '(2 ' (D aE( ('(")
p* a 2। "m , ' ()
1। /я K "я я1 HK (" () 3। , "i > E ()
2। S ' 1 a; () 4। я я ()
3। $ 5 =n "$5 uaD () 5। o ' ' ' ()
4। k E ujj () 6। / k i ()
5। / s "= 7। / k@ i (' / @)
6। ' kя ud ( яr =) 8। /( ()
7। k 1 D 9। o / * t ('(")
10। , , , ( яr=)
d1 a 11। / k /1 /1 (nd"E)
1। / o D o D (n @() 12। i i 1 ()
2।'* /> / i ('(") 13। e ' =E e"D ()
517
s d t n
C-
C-1
"$t

25। s ' '(nd .......... ........1971
p. "m(5 (1(2 p
1. k( b 'pK uf"

s ' '(nd
/( @
i* '" /" b ' 2 ',1o p,^ k 1 tr rd /L @
pK @c ‘s ' '(nd’। i1@1 ' it 2k- 1я-S /
o '" 2-'1 2 1 я =K s "g( sb ( ',1D। /
s ' '(nd @1 ',1 k /L '@ D o rd।
1971 " 25' ,5 ( (s @ K 'D '@ D। @-n-
g( k я (D। '"i /L @(,( H 26' ,5 ' r e(2
K > я '1D / K। '" K D s , @ ( '*( k। L5 1
" d ei ' E =1D uf"@-ud , '( k ( 'pK।
p "$5 " si ujj ,~ ( '*(i '" ' @1D s ।
/ (L2s (s ' Xn '(nd '*(i L L '¤>D @1D
s '" K। 26' ,5 яn 1D kd a ; @1 ‘s
' '(nd’।
25' ,5 @ @1 @;j or ( 26' ,5 "( '*( ,~g
' "( (5, (я n ( 1D । bg(s nt "1 'D @
@ p1я am ' '(nd '*( p, or ( । 9( 'o '"
D।
,~g (D ";( 'p( '" e=1 e"D । ‘s ' '(nd’ ,
(D > "( p( k> ( 1।
26' ,5 d (DkK я ; e( ,~g ' '*( ‘s ' '(nd’
я ,1 1 @ @ ( r >? /h p, @1D।
518
s d t n
"=a @o '" i "n;1 /( (5 ‘s ' '(nd’ ,1
1 p, or (D । 27' ,5 ei '(nd '*( 'я (5 ' ( 5) я1u @
я я ( En k s 'LHK (D ।
ei '(nd '*(i 28' ,5 kd a(5 @ ,1 9(1 2k ( @; (D
p, ( @1। "; @o я =K h1 / o ud " я ; ' (5
"(l e (я '" (D ।
di = cn eя ; p,C ,D। p* d " ;kK a . p,( =K-
H ""; я e, e, @n @ r >? /h я 1 HK 1D । /
ei a . p, "@= (D ,~g ' iя 1 я5 ", я /d" '"@ ,
,~g (s = я /d @, e(2 ;"1 p. (5(5 я e, e, "
p।
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ei p, , 'D । '"" ' (5 a (i 'H 5n я = '*( p, s
' '(nd (я (D ।
/g /"( e( g m"1 / 1 / " я1 @1D 'p(
(1(я ;k। ' *; or @1D a p,C। o1 iя 1 я /"( i"
=? (,~g 2-9615) '" g / 1 /, я i", iя 1 ,nd ",
,~g ' 'LH( (я '@" / "i D2 =1D /gs bg(s @u"।
/(( '*( ,~g ' (5 я ' '@m, я / (" "nd, я
@ @" e(i 'pK1 udd @1 bg(s @u" '¤>D । " p,C S S '"
"n;1।
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o 'pg pgu" (1(я ।
"? "2 ( Xn '(nd e(2 (k( sgo @" ;@ ( я /
(" "nd ( 'LHK ; or @1 k @1 ;@।
p*i En s 'LHK ( '2g o iя я5 p, ( @1D।
iя '*( я5 (D g я / 1। iя 'LHK2 ?D iя 1 я
/( i"। ei 'LHK1 b я udd @1 o- E я ' s @i '" /1
udp @1D।
/ L½ p,( /o1 = ' я @n o 1id ( /d" " (*(
a (D । '" 'LHK1 ( 1D (я '@" /।
30' ,5 5n ' (5 a 1 @o a . p, (D । 30' ,5 @ @
p* @ ,1। / D (L2 ' '(nd। "; '*( (2
k ( sb ( ',1D i* H।
519
s d t n
' (5 s ;= ( "dn ' । я = =? uaD
‘s ' '(nd’ ,~g "n * i। '" a ( (5 '" '=
' ।
,~g d@ 'E 'яn p1 я 'd ' '(nd k 1t '*( '"i
(1 akn p,C ,1D a . , ।
‘s ' '(nd’ '*( ( a . p, я? D e D?o 'pg
pgu" я /dl@-/-S( o я 'sS / 1, ' iя 1 m"1 /@
(, '2( (; e""2;n я d @" o я / @ , '2( (; a2
я 'яu ( ',¤, я Sjя o (я @ud /@।
"k1 "@; (D я e, '( di i '"(n o @r ।
a ; ; $( (D । '( ( S। p* ¾i @" ,( 1D ।
(nt aj я ; '( ( @" 1я @1D । a j "tto a;
'pK o p,C1 e( a . p, "m @1D।
[-m ( ‘$5 ,’ 15 g"m, 1972]
2, '-
'-k "g*
"g*
' '@m
ei *;- n 5K; @1 p*i ' , ' (D, @c, i@" di (K
(i @ । e(, pK si t, (K (m ( d(K
ap। di, as =( ;k= = s*5 '( '( *; '= a;k
/;(। ei 'Hk (K a ( "1 '( k; H1( (i (o "d 1
kn ( ' (2, a ( (*i si am @o1 "tto "5@ $ 5 p( ( 1 ।
'=?i " 1 e(2 ( ,i, ' H1 / p;k (5K d (
"D, / "@(5 a (i 5 /D e2 a ( e / © я ; iC
m,t; o ub © я ; ( (D e K5 '( *;( ass( /t(
, @ ' ;k= 'kk a"ntC (K @1 >?1। st ",1 ?
""; @c e(я "( '( " "я p;k5 @" "g@ ( ,
L2 m "E s1 я? @1 i1 ;kt $( g@K ( । (nt k
"g 2$( =1 / s(1 =K; p1"( o "g( "g"$, o "g
(5k "= "k ( H pb @i। e2 e(2 "g я ast "= e(2
;kя (51।
*e(i 1978 " 16 g"m ‘' ’ я1 " ";1 p( ' '@m-e
p dC;।
520
s d t n
ast k /t,1$( "@я e 5H Áf"(;। a r "( p;
/ ’"( ' KE 1 (* p1i @1 >?1 /t(*।
5 "1 "E (Ki / "i a"m ( я1 "YK51 /kn i n
'=¤,nd( /( e (* @।
e /mo pm( @" @c, e(2 H1 @";i *( 5n i 1 ,t
kp яl -(l o ' a( /D, ' a( /D ( 2 e я
;k= (it p( "=-"।
s ' '(nd p. H12 i;i e(2 h(5 я2 p"E @1
>?1D। e H1 e(я =K; ' (5 @" / "5"1 k; @c, s
' '(nd p. e(( (it (ri ' i। a (i kd "$, ( e ; ,n-
( । e(* d51 1 ' =1 (5i /,; '(nd2 , (D -
'"2 'scpK @1i '@( ( '@( я ( (5 p "@=1। '( , '
i( " b kK e b( i* ufk ei di (5i ' a . o p(¤
=1 (5=K D? / ( k "m 1। eD? 25' ,5, 71- e $5 h En /@$
a"@= /n p / ' '(ndg "( "E ";(
a"@= p5 u@K "iC (D- i 5 @c ‘'go (s ’- 'LHK2 "m$K5
я5 ( p;( /( '(nd я я /( 'LHK or (D, ' , 9( '
'(nd, ,~g ' '(nd i;। p;( ' '(ndi p. @1 D b (5 "n1
"g (2। En @"( '"("5 1 HK2 ,~g ' '(nd '*(i p* 7i
,5 "n; "? "21 p, ( @1D। a"@= /n ,( 15i ,5, 71 s 1
L 1 a =K 2( яud , ‘e "g’- e '(g5 17i ,5
,~g ' '*( я @1D। ' * "( (5, ( ;i я e(2
j( K b s*5 '( (я ' ( @ ' aS" n (
'।
a( -i (D 26' ,5, 71 "( ,~g ' (5। p* a
'H ' @$ 5 ' ( p( a . "( p"( p5 pm(
'LHK p, ( @1D '"i @$ 5 us "dn =i@ @1D। / (5 ' 'D?
'1 ?D ।
L2 g a"m ( ss$5, a"m ( ,t-kp। ,t (,
/ a . 'vo e( (D e(2 , e ' b
"g "k (D p, ( '।
st a r ,n- '*(i ,~g ' Xn2 n 51 e(i 26'
,5, 71 sl( s1 2 a p, @1। e( ' 2 2 'я 7 2 /
e( "n; 7 2 'я 35 2 e / e( 10 21। st ei 2 L2 i a"m
( kp e eg u;=-/1я o D p(ik ss$-5 ' "(
@ /(s( /kKt( f rd ' '" "5t =? uaD я =K ss$5
p, ego a( ' ।
521
s d t n
dp@ a 2 / p;k5 'v i। (nt 5( 'я D, '"2
u;k D ,~g 'я /o1 = f( "K "m( я e e @n । o
"@(5 / (1(я p(¤( я p 21 Xn2 1
=1D e Xn2 , (1D । a 2 'LHK @" я @n o
En k '*( я ud HK (* ul ( @1D e я @n En
s 'LHK p"E >, 2 HK p, (D । a s(o D D1 '*( "
2।
я @n p '" '(5/p(¤ Xn2 , (D , > /
e @ -a(nt 5( (s ' (я (D।
"n;72 'я 35 2 ' a p, ( @1 '"2 u;k ,( D /।
‘s p ' '(nd’ 2 /i a ; "@( / (" "nd "E
/, k s e a (D।
26 ' ,5, 71 "( "@" ,~g ' '(nd @1 =1D, / D
e 1 я n,(f"( '@m S ?। i / e"D, e (D
e(2 ( '! '2 e(я a"@=( b я ; a;n s(, /=i D।
(*2 '" @$ 5 / o '= S( D- uf"@ 1D ।
p*i / =1D 's 'g 's @u" /o1 = aS"- ' ii n a
1 (l 2 s1 ( 1। , ( "Ei '" / ' @1 । / o
я -,1 1 '" a ; a"m ( (5;s d’e(я (5 iC /(H5K (
p1" (D। '" ast K ( @c। '" i ' @1D a;(
яud "E। я / ps/ (l o i d51 "@= @1D e я
p /o1 = (5 eg(2 S( (D '*( e( я ',1 1D । /
p*( pst p"E2 D /g ' e (L2 Xn2 e d2 e((
5p ";( "st 'sc"( b m" ; " "k (। / dя я (
'o1 l- e @? i/ '@g '(125"5 (^ S( (D =1D। ' 2
2। (^ / L½ ; ' 20 я e Xn2 15 я i/ a1 '1
/c" 1D । /cs @1 / 1 ' @ @" ? =1D। @
@" ' 2( l- pя( @" ,~g ' "E L5 "C, /
p(¤ a ( "Ei nt। "@11 p(¤( pst "m / ud;
D।
e / я я ( ,(я e( "n / ' dя p(¤

(D =1D। 5 / (D (я ( , e(, /( p(¤
a @ a* di, e e(2 "iC ( @ ' ; @1 ps
(я2 (D - a G H; ' @1। ' '! d1 5 / '
1D। '( ' '( @$ 5 (^ S( @ e" ? / /
(D।
p(¤ dя ( Xn2 1 1 / я ' ud; t
(D। * (я 'g '¤>D яud /c, (*, / (nt ( p,
522
s d t n
( '"2 e(2o ,n (D । e( (я ( ( / e i ' ? ek2m
(fkK() (D e( d-e(я ( "E 1 ==i /g =1 /
"E @c।
'" яud / / "* '== k ( । e / / @
@" - / /g 'g 'я(" e " e" я 'D? 1D- =? / ,
e D ;(g। '@>2 я $ ; ' '¤>Di @ @" (n r "$i, a
(D । e "1 '2S । Xn2 '*( p(¤ n @ @" ( я 1D
a . ‘e1’-e । '( i;i /( p(¤ "E '==
(D । "m ' - (яi Xn2 'D? , c । / '2S ।
D / e(2 ak (r , / di 5 e(2 (5( @।
@ @" /( p(¤ " m g1 ( " /( 1 1D ।
/( p(¤ a( e (*2 D । ' "@ /( '( я?c । ' '(nd /
' d’ m। / я / "@ । d ' @n "@ 'я (
1 =1 / @ (я ( , я ; ( ' /", / "; 1 c।
/ D- / g "@ "1 ' '2S ' i, o "E ( ( '== (।
/ "@ e / g (Æ@ "@ "1। o '2S (r ।
a( '" "1 / '>я e 1я '*( / (" "nd o /bl@ / Sr(
' e" '¤>DD । я (Æ@ "1 '2S ( / ("( (*
1D। я / "@ o /D ( e2i 'я D। o( '*( ei
a "n (K я ,o1 @ (" / (* D । s(i " /
@ e" =1D।
я / "E /, ( /d (Æ@ /( D , "k, '
n ' E ( (s dя@я ‘’ '"1-e ' e /o1 ' '( @$ 5
tr( @। ut @ (L2 Xn2 k sgo2 ;@ (- '"2 @ '*(
' $- '" e( Ç @ (K ' i। e D? e(= d2 L k ( я ; ?
pst a;(। Xn2 2 bg(s "-e s1"m$K5।
e @ @" , / (" snd, /bl@ / Sr( / / (n r '*(
'?1 e"D। =? n1 / e(я @ 'LH(- e(я d(( '
D ' i, i / ,, gk / 1- /o1 = e(я (5।
gk / 1 D /c / ' , ( ( p, ( , a( (D ?
/ D /= , ( ;s (, /" । (* ' '"i e(2,
/ s ।
"iksi ( e(2 kd( 'LHKt / @ 1 D e2 ' '
di (;C En s 'LHKt। ?i / ul" @1D। D
i @ e2 1i a or ( @, / ei t p, ( @ "( k;।
523
s d t n
/ 2( (=я (2 1D। i '1 e"D gk / 1(
nt '"¤я ; p5 (।
'я(s-e " e"i '1 @1D / =? ' i। e u1! ud (D
gk / 1- o / "E "E e" =1D , "E 'LH( '@" /। gk
/ 1 D (L2 ' /" / =?।
@ @" *1 a ; ,n।
Xn2 as p(¤ n ' 5 $K D? "@= ' ।
' ( /( p(¤( ; ( e '*( e(2 '2S (1 '1 1 ( । /
/g ( /( p(¤ "1 =1D- p* k ',1 , ?
D /c, / '2S c, / ।
s1 i; ( /d" " / =? e" uaD । ',
/( ' "E 1 । /-ei-'É-e(2 (*( D-d’ ' @1 '=D, e2 p,
(। i ' "।
@ @" D ' , /-i "@ /", Xn2 /¤ 'S ( ।
e( o> dя (я ( । / e( (я (- / 's 'g
/o1 = aS" i। (1(я 'sc"( 1i e" ?। / e =? ।
@ @" / / "= '= ( - o d’ e( '2S
'== (D ।
(L2= '2 =? / D’я - '@" /, gk / 1, ( /d"
", (", Sr( o /। Xn2 '=2 (Di / e(( S 1 =? '*(
' D। '( , ' '1D, p(¤ n d’я kK '1 e" (1
uaD । ( /= >?1 =1D-D /-i "@ 1D (?) e
'sc"(o e" ? @ @" "=। / 1 ( , ।
o D /-i "@ "= / '2S / @1D, D (D
( я 1t ( । ' , / ,( *( ।
gk / 1 "";2 ub (D e d1 o 'H / ( $ ;
1D । (D(D '( gK as1 Du '*( (1(я "st 'я1 ( 1 e"
"1( Xn2 '1 ( us ;s (D - ;( "iC
@1D। p(¤ n '1 e(2 5 $K ( =1D।
'(nd o p* 'LHKt2 / D Xn2 aS"(k "। e

"1 '2S 'я uaD। / ‘@;’ i o( '*( dr e , ( uc
@1D ' "@, ' (D '( ? e ' p1 "? "2- p, or (r ।
'( e
524
s d t n
'go (>2 'Lc- /22 яi (nt /(K o "i। / 2 / '(u
o ।
/ 5 "m( " /। (D @1 i; /d (Æ@ (D
'*( / (* 'я D । " / /( p,=; de’(2 o 1D ।
'@" /( / ( i - '( e(2 gp ' '(nd / 'v "K
я ; e(2 @( 'LHK ' 'a( / K @1D। '" a ;
e(я 'LH( '" us @1D e ( 1D - " /। ‘s
p ' '(nd’ 'LHK2 "5p* / 5, k / (" "nd ( uc
@1D। /dl@-/-Sr( En s 'LHKt2 a (D । ( /d" "
(*( p, (D ।
a ,(i e" us @1D я e, e @n । > HK $5 h
'LHK ( D। / D 'LHK (i @, '( /
trv (D 2 "m я as ( dj51 ,i-"@я ' o 'H5K
2=52 K51 ( । g "@; o a(i ' - e(-d’ an m
@।
я @n dp@ s bg(s ( (* / D '(nd (K
@1 e a . p, @( (l D ।
/ ud; a (D e 'LHK D?i $; o "1=
HK p, (D ।
' '*( / e(2 '2 @ ( 1 e"D। a"@= /n
"1 '(g5(i o p, =K"E e nd"E " =2 ; D- '"i '22o ei
a я @1D।
/ ( /L½ s1 a 'H i e" / gk / 1 o > '"¤я ;
'1 (i 'я1 (u( / ' i । я @n o HK p, ,
=1D । p"E gk / 1( e / '( i '(nd ' i e
'@" / 5( (s ' (я (D ।
/, (" o Sr( 1 '@>2 "? 21 e 1я S e"Dm *2 D
7/8 i। (a)
-m ( ‘/я,’ 26 ,5, H ";, 197
525
s d t n
3. s ' '(nd яn(*

'"@ /@
..... 26' ,5 "$51 @ ks ; 1। i* kK (s '" e
‘‘s p ' '(nd’’! "1 s ' '(nd a . o @1D e
e(2 al d;f k "mn '(nd। я 1 '( ( ei a""@" 'd
u;= "? " '(2 H /-/(k o " -d-(n (* p* " ¢
@। a; / e "n '1D।
tr" ; ,~g ' '(nd ( ei ' '(nd a ; ' '@m
, 1 я e(2 ,~g '*( " =1 (L2 e( (o12 k"mn
Xn2 p* s p ' '(nd a . p, (। ei D 'go
iя 1 /d" "(, d @" , / @ , 'яu (, Sjя , / (
"nd, /dl-/-Sr(, "b ?1 o (я @ud । (L2 (s m" ; (
e > ( a ; e( k '*( (D a . p, ( ।
25' ,5 я@ ' '(ndo (1(я b (5 /2( ?D । 28' ,5 я@
i @ o i--/ @ p,^ /kK ( 'S¤я я@ ' '(nd D
@2 ; @1। e( e( 5n (1(я '(5( e(2 sgo ; /2( @1।
k '*( s a . p, ud; я@ ' '(nd (1(я 5( (5
я n ( '1 ? ' '*(। ei D a . "=a( '"@ /@,
a . "=a( /u @ , a . pя( a i", a . pя( @я Sr(
e 5 "m( '@m ।
я@ ' ei (5 2 ' я = '¤>D । d’, (*। "5¤
=Kpяnt "( =a @1D। i; я@ ' a . "=a( D h
',¤ e" '=D । >( / ; '1 / / uf"@ '।
9( '2 'sS 1 e я ',¤, p; ,tl (r @" , C
"( e, /, / e ,t @" i o я = । C Dt e
' "@ 'p" '"k2 / @( "=o ' @।
/ "( n "@ "= ' (
(1( /, @। n "@ , 1 uc d;f k "mn

Xn2= s ' a . p, (1(2 "? (l pK @1।
i; Xn2 "g@ (яo or @1 '=D। a . p, я ; p1я 1 (=яt
'( я ; 14i ' n "@ / ’ di 2( 1D ।
/, " h ',¤ e 9( io 1 'p" ( e, e '@i e--e
i p1я 1 я "t k1 (।
526
s d t n
d- / pя 'яs, (Ík 'яs, (Ík S, /25s 'яs i;
m (। e" (я a i" / *C "@= (K, o ‘я1’
t(1 (я ( ।
e=1 e , @ $ 5। n "@ p,C1 (12 k"mn Xn2 o1
'=। a( @$ 5 9( ' '"i 5( ‘ (5’ /S( @ , @ " e 2,
ei, ( я = e" '¤>D । e"i e-e -e @ ud a( e / @(
"= ' ( । "= 9( '*( / (D $; = '2o D।
25' ', "? " '(2 H я H ( '(5
я e(2 grt$K5 । i H /-/(k o d-(n b ¢ @1
"। s ' '(nd p* / . ( ' p, or @।
(1( /"( ? "d 'D2 e(2 L( sgo ( p* a . p,
or @1। p* (D p1я 1 "=-" rK a" ;o a . p, (
@1D। 5( / '" "s a" a (2 (21 uaD। sgo a, 5p '(g5
" a e l-"@;( o (*( a ; p* d’ " ' ( (C /
a . ,1D /я 'H ( । i; ,~g ' '"i я 2o
e" (я '= 1D ।
p* ( kk (2 (21 oa a . "m(5 "@ (l g@K ( @।
s ' '(nd "g 1t D *; o ' p pp e-e -e /d
n u ;s।
(D я ; '"k2 51 pk p ", /d" "o a . "m(5

/( 5 ।
s ' '(nd ' a . "=a e '(nd p" ( ,( @" (я
(D / " 1 'g a=5 iя " h ',¤।
"g a . "=a ( 1t (D /S( @ ।
5( *; o ' ", @" / 1r @( / n (5k tt
(D ।
s ' '(nd a . = 1 (5 @" > (я (D > @
" h ',¤, /S( @ , '"@ /@, ' '@m, @ " , 2 ei,
"(, 'sS / 1, /S /, '@m Sr(, /dl-/-Sr(, @d i",
"d /@, я ( ( /), / iu " p (5।
527
s d t n
iя 1 = (я (D /d" "(, d @" , / @ , 'яu
(, i @(, pK 1, '@m @" o Sjя ।
" p,C1 " = "id @1D @c ( '@ , '@m ,
"b ?1, iK(i 1, / ( "nd, $r i" "(, / 'я ',¤,
'@" , я@ "d(, @d @( o я /@।
¾ pgu" D K ( o @" i। iя a . p, D /=
( o / (।
'" l, "@;( o dя a . "id я ; "@= @s p" (D ,
; gk e, /, l(, m"1 / /@" , gk @r i", gk / "jя , o(
o" , =яu @(, /d =SS ',¤, K gp, "(n / яS, 5n gK,
@ "@, (;K t, 1K 'LH, "H t, я@ 1@ , " ', ,~;1,
o" , /" ',¤, / i", pK ',¤, я /@, $n@ @, /i
@ , um (", яl @ , p; (l /d яb, aя 1, * 1, (;K
'LH, / @, sp 1, a ( ~,5, S( / p ul=;।
s ' (5 1, e(я "K 'v @" , ei '(nd '*(
= 1 " p, p1 " a . i un @1D। H ( ‘,t’, ‘ag,’
‘яl ’, ‘5k( iC’, ‘
, '’ a . "$@ ",1 ' я p1 aя5
(D / c"। C "( e / / ‘,t’ a . '( o p,(।
‘яl ’ p; 2;( (;K t। яl, d5, я, 221 , 1я
, =5K e '= $(1 a 1 ( *k ,t я /@, ,t ,(
1K 'LH, p" яf /я h a, Sя iS, я@r @( o @ ।
kd я ; H a . ,( D /S /। ‘i" iC’ a .
p, ( C k o "@;( m"1 / /@" / a . vid (D ।
‘5k( iC’ e ‘

, '’ *k S1я /@ o /d =SS
',¤।
=K"E o 't( = " "я e ( (1(я H sK
( @1। > @c - @ " , " , '@m /d яb, / @, n @(,
(;K 'LH, "я1 ;, aя 1, S( /, a $~,5, @ 1, * 1, p
l।
(a)
-‘я1/H ";, 1972
s ' '(nd "m(5 /o *; o1 " h ',¤ ‘e(t KE ’ gn।
528
s d t n
"$t

26। s ' '(nd a . p, "m(5 ‘' ’ 10 ak, 1971
e(2 " (5K g"m, 1978
MINUTES OF MEETING ON CO-ORDINATION ON PROPAGANDA

AND PUBLICITY EFFORTS IN SUPPORTS OF WAR ACTIVITY
HELD ON 10-10-1971
Members Present :
1. A. Samad, Secretary, Ministry of Defense.
2. Dr. B. Hossain, Adviser.
3. Mr. Alamgir Kabir.
4. Mr. Shamsul Huda Chowdhury.
5. Mr. Kamal Lohani.
6. Mr. A. Rahman.
7. Mr. B. Mahmood.
Progress of action on decisions taken in last meeting was discussed. Members
from Radio Bangladesh assured that they are working on lines already decided upon
and significant improvement will be noticeable from 15-10-71 onwards.
There was further discussion on measures which will contribute to improve the
Radio Programme.
DECISIONS :
1. An office will be immediately set-up in the Radio Building and all Staff work
done there.
2. The method of news composition will be changed and text will be the same for
English. Bengali and Urdu Bulletins. In view of pressure of work Mr. A. Kabu will
compose the night bulletin and Mr. K. Lohani will compose the morning and
afternoon bulletins.
3. The Radio will be immediately provided with a type-writing machine, two
portable tape recorders and one Cassette tape recorder.
4. The Staff of the outside broadcast section will go out frequently to the field I h
will be given T.A. as no conveyance can be arranged at present.
529
s d t n
5. Dependence on patriotic songs should be reduced and in its place martial songs
and music should be introduced.
6. Arrangement for bringing the microphone from Agartala should be immediately
made.
7. Security checking will be made rigid from 15.10.71. In the meantime I.D. Cards
should be issued where necessary.
8. Payments for script-writers and talkers should be regular.
9. The panel of Talents should be finalized immediately in consultation with Mr.
A. Mannan, MNA-in-charge.
10. Programme shall be drawn up for 7 days at a time sufficiently in advance (at
least 4 days). The responsibility of filling in the Programme shall lie with the
respective Programme organizer/Section heads.
11. Arrangement shall be made by Secretary, Information for getting Pak
Newspapers for the counter-propaganda section.
Sd/-A. Samad
Secretary
Ministry of Defense.
Memo No. D-003/76(8)
Dated 18-1071
1) Copy forwarded to Mr. M.A. Mannan, MNA-in-charge, Information &
Broadcasting for information.
2) Mr. Shamsul Huda Chowdhury, Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra for

information.
Secretary.
530
s d t n
531
s d t n
L5½
a
ag ( kd я ; H a . ) /("" ( s t() 134-35, 193-94,
17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, /= H?nt 104, 145, 174-75,
340-347, 527 176-77
ag= k@ ((*) 222-225 /E, Sя ("E l) 514
anC я; / (() 338
/я( 1 ((*() 300, 303
a 514
a ;=5 X1 (() 335-336 /я (@ ud5 m () 116-17
aj /( 139-143 /я, S( 152
a= ((*() 185-187 /я @n 'S¤я 138
a 17i '"pm sK ((*() 230-232 /( a*5 ( mH; 54, 181-84, 192-
ar-513 93, 250-54, 279
a*5 ( =5 a (ps) 218-223, 249-
/ " 24, 91, 154-55, 187, 255-56
250
a5K (' t() 134-135 / "jя (g) 230-32,527
ao k ,;я / (() 316 / 1 248
a"@= /n (1970), 138-139, 154 / 1, я (g) 519
as1 bg(s ( 229 / 1, 'sS 13-14, 18, 21, 22, 23,
519,523, 527
/ /nя5( 'gk" '""i2 71, 122
/i; 335
/я 138-39
/i 2i"(g '*( p()
/o1 = 6, 56, 57-58, 63, 100, 111, /dl-/-Sr( 519, 523, 524,
112, 116, 117, 130-132, 138-39, 144- 525,527
145, 147-148, 149-150, 166, 175-177, / ' (() 312
193-94, 205, 207, 253-55, 519, 521, / , / 1r 300-303
525 / , я1 (l,5) 152
/o1 'sc"( @ 136-137 / яS, '@m 100, 166-72, 207-10
/(-/-(1 ((1 t() 134-
/ яS, "(n 185-87, 406-07, 527
135, 193--194
/(n, ( 515 /b" ud ("E l) 168-69
/, e, / 19, 21, 31, 39, 187-89, /S= l (/S= s m ( t()
525, 527 193-94
/ '= 23, 24, 28,
532
s d t n
/ ((*() 206-08 /, " 524

/ p b (() 313-314 /, m"1 / 1 (g) 518,
/ s=5 (() 330-31 /, @ 214
/, @Sя 224-26
/ k "g o @ ((*() 199-
/, a;5 ((K5) 71
201
/""S /n (i1 ) 57-58
/ (@) 172-173 /" 248
/ , $r 116-17, 137, 224, 289-90 /"@ (я t() 57
/ / 138-39 /@, e, e 54, 55, 89, 190-91
/rd (e;g(2) 248 /@, я 512,513, 527
/( $( 172-74 /@, яud 41, 65, 166, 169-70,
/ui , я 71 173, 378
/*, ;( ((5 'я ) 172-73 /@, 175-77
/=i яi2 (я5 t() 190-91 /@, S 289-90
/@, S1я 146-151, 170-71, 527
/-u ("1 t() 135-36, 192
/@, "@ 19,20
/1, ( 151 /@, @ud 519
/ я@ 415-17 /@, i1" 28, 206-208, 233-35
/ " (' m ( t() 65 /@, rn" (e, e , e) 132-34
/-"@S (" m () 193 /@, '"@ 288-91, 303-306, 508-
/, /S 21, 22, 40, 178-181, 503- 09, 525-27
06, 514, 526, 527, /@, я 348-370, 527
/, iSr 348-370 /@, "d 527
/, я@E 210-12 /@m, я 513
/, $ 17 /@" (eg) 138-39
/@" , m"1 / 18, 19, 281-82, 313-
/, S( 514, 527
14, 527,
/, " 524 /1- =Kp(1969), 176-77, 248
/(uo (, t() 134-35 i
/, i( 64 i,,/ (is (s iS") 1, 4, 6-
/, я( 19,527 7,9, 24, 91, 123, 136-37, 139-43, 154-
/, " 20 55, 184-85, 202, 216-17, 255-56
/, @ 116,137, 224, 289-90 iu* iu 1 (" ) 57-58
/, '@m (g) 250-51 iu " , / 527
/, o S (' 'я) 121-22, 188,
517
533
s d t n
iu i2g 'p" in ; 40 ug (, 'я (@;n nt) 62

i(, Sr( 248 u 11 (11 m () 192
iяs1 ('"1 t() 265-66 u *½ 41, 42-43, 60, 72, 73, 78-79,
i ((*() 508-09 113-14, 115, 188-89
iS, Sя 527 u "t =Ka;t 174-75, 202,253
in, '·g 81-82 u 5, ( 5, ) 111-12, 116-17,
i, @" 525, 527 146-48, 149-51
i '@" 288-89 um (" 340-47, 527
i( p ( 1958), 164-65 u ( ('"1 '() 160-61
is 'E iS" 1, 91 Ò
is 'E 'яn 132, 136-37, 154-55, ÒK "" 'g5- 163-64
184-85, 187, 255-56 e
i" / 64 e "; r '(? (яn() 375-380
i", a 325, 525, 527 e( iu 2 p* 252
i", /( 519 e(2 ud5 (*( (ud5 a . ) 279-80
i", (я яr (d@ () 15, 40, e( (t() 205-06
42-43 ekp" 205-06
i", @r (g.) 17, 39, 86-90, 101- e( S 88
103, 243-44, 330-31, 527 e a ( (я ((*() 224-26
i", @d 17, 26, 31, 229-30, 408, e= (11) S (5",$ 131-176, 248
526, 527 eg , 25 () 229
i", m"1 яr 28, 40-41, 166 o
i" o (s я ((*() 17 o" , 307-09
i" iC ((*() 19, 281-82, 527 o" , o( 24, 200-03, 231-33, 527
i" iC 'я@ ((*() 281-85 o" (( 5) 185
i1(51 's 72 o1яul (248
i1я 54, 280, 288-89 o1 a o1n 45
i1@1 я o ((*() 24, 231-33 o1l5 (un a ,,5" 73
i1@1--~ ma( 179-80 o12 's 61-62, 68, 73
o12 s 73
404-05 (
u ( ( 229
ui1, gbu, 2 72-73 (, / 20, 21, 442, 450, 527
u(, /d ( (e-e -e) 136-40 (m 248
ug, ,g5 (i2 nt) 161-62 (^ (() 317-19
534
s d t n
(, 'яu 525, 527 229, 255-56, 279, 293, 417-18, 517,
(1(2 D - e(2 i@" ((*() 210-12 518-19,
(a=? /" 153-54 , '1 161-66, 527
(, я 22,527 , @m /iu 104, 111, 122, 144,
(, h 526 45, 149-50, 163, 174-75, 176-77, 183,
(, @ 152 227-28, 230-31, 248, 250-51, 253,
( @ (@ ( Dd ) 254
123-30, 193-97 , @m i1@1 4, 24, 28, 42, 54, 55,
(" 288, 289-91 56, 57, 57-58, 58-59, 60, 61, 61, 62,
(Æ@, /d 524 63, 64, 66, 67, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 71,
(1( 106 72, 73, 73, 76, 77, 78, 82, 84, 89, 90,
kS2 , 2 64-65 91, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 100, 102,
kG1 "1n 2 73, 144 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
(d1f", 84 112-13, 114, 115, 116, 116-17, 117-19,
(, K 527 119-20, 121, 125-26, 130, 131, 132,
'( / r? (яn() 379-82 133, 134, 135-36, 137, 138-39, 141,
'( g, ego1g5 54, 60, 72, 73 , 74, 108- 142, 142-43, 143-47, 147-48, 148-51,
09, 160-61, 174 151, 154, 157-58, 158, 158-59, 160-
'( g, я eS 73 61, 162, 163, 163-164, 168-69, 169-
'( e( ( (() 323-24 70, 172-73, 173, 175-76, 176 -77,
'(1, " 503 179-80, 185-86, 188, 188-89, 190-91,
'("= , /k 77,82, 135-36 192, 193-94, 196-97, 203, 207-08,
'(@s (@ ud5 m () 116-17 227-28, 229, 229, 230-31, 231-33,
k 'E 'pg 118-19 233-34, 242, 242-43, 253, 255, 255-
56, 256, 365-66, 279, 280, 283-84,
288-89, 289-90, 336, 340-47, 373,
"r 225 374, 387, 388, 417-18, 418-19, 420,
>, " '@m 509 505, 509, 510, 517
, /d (i1 224, 254, 256, 293 , 1( /, 201-02, 250, 256,
, /d =SS 75, 279 , "rd /=, 60
, /d ' 105, 106, 250-51, 256 , "5 / l@ 233
/"= (e1 5) 74 , " 250-51
e, '( 519 , "яud '@" 247-48
, o1 75-76, 193-94 'я o1g5 L2 248
, 2k 2, 5, 9, 10, 56, 64, 89, 130, 1rd , я 289-90
138-39, 144-45, 153-55, 203, '( , (@) 99
'n( '( 71
535
s d t n
'n( '@ 22, 199-201 ,tя ('n) 87, 143

= ,nd=, /i, /i 250-51
=o@, 411 ',E" 280
=Kk (t() 205-06 ', ( 87, 89, 90
=K@; 64, 81, 82, 84, 89-90, 110-111, ',m 511
125-27, 130-31, 133-35, 155-56 ',"o1*5, 'g l 41
g (gK 'v я ; p, ',¤, / " 115-16
a . ) 392-401 ',¤, /d =SS 142-47, 155-58,
=n 138-39 227-29, 264-66, 288-91, 527, 527
=n, in 5, 119-20, 158-59, 160-61 ',¤, /d jя( 27, 240-43
=g51 (^ t() 121, 134-35, 160- ',¤, / 'я 19, 22, 526, 527
61, 229 ',¤, / (g) 247-48, 248
gK 5n 249-50, 527 ',¤, /" 320-22, 506-08, 527
gK, " 244-46 ',¤, e e ( p ) 122
gK5 ("@ 5n "";) 266 ',¤, я 225
g@ a(, 'я;51 (a;() 185 ',¤, " 218-21, 317-19, 527
'= 86-87 ',¤, pK 338, 527
'=, @m 88, 143, 144-45, 176, 227- ',¤, /@ 257-64
28, 250-51, 256 ',¤, я @ 332-34
'=1" 162, 163, 229 ',¤, (@) 247-48, 248
=;L, ( 51" 57-58, 64,78 ',¤, '@m / 250-51, 256
L ',¤, 'яu ( 519
L e k ((*() 272-74 ',¤, " h 420-21, 525, 526,
'LH, (;K 527 527, 527
'LH, '= 185 ',¤,, 26, 28, 198-99
'LH, 1K () 348-70, 527 ',¤, " 403-05
',¤, @d @( 289-90
, D
,~;1, 527 D1 S 104, 144-45, 174-75, 176-
,~;1, k 153 77, 198, 213, 209, 248, 254
,t 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, я
27, 28, 127-28, 187-89, 527 я (t() 205
,> " 199-200 я / (gK 'v я ; p,
, 56, a . ) 389-92
,(= Xu 134-35 я "g ((*() 154-55, 183-85
, ' (, ª nt) 158-59 я s , " 134
536
s d t n
яb (@) 105, 248 2i=; (c ;( p ) 80-81

яb, /d 512, 513, 516, 517 2i ;=я 109
яh1 (s m () 192 2k f" ks ("
я 13-14 ) 64
я, я@ $ 38 22 (=1 'p"gn) 82
я, /d 167-68 2g (( g p nt) 72
яl (r( 2() 21, 27, 27, ; '2 bg * a 2k ("
348-70, 527 ) 64
я1 (t(- 30, 167, 168-69, a
526, 527 a(, @ ud 526
я"d (() 105, 194-95 g
яi,( (in 1 5n s() g ((, t() 55, 116-117
55 gS5; , 25 134-35
я(5 (in 1 t() 134-35, g= " @ ("ig m () 69
я(5 2i" 73 'gk2" iu* iu 1 (i() 57-58
я=K ('t( = a . ) 15, 'gk2( iu* iu 1 (' ) 57-
18, 19, 23, 26, 27 58
я=i ('t( = ) 17 'gk2( iu 1 a iu* ("1)
яS, '@m / 375-80, 510-11 57-58
яS "( ('@m / яS Dd ) 'gk2( 25 (kª) 174
100, 166-72, 207-10 'g я 2i" 57
я i" 202, 254, 255 'g я i (s t() 57
я S (K gp Dd ) 91- 'g '2gS (^ t() 109, 111,
93 134-35, 160-61, 163-64
я ' 199-200 'g (^ t() 65
яn@, @m / 106, 225 'g 'i (^ t( 134-35
я n (() 152, 196-97, 333, 415- g;½ (S" p ' ) 155
16 9
'я ( ", ' 71 9( ' 107
'яn@ /i 197-99, 212-14
'я" '2 63 *(* (s ', 9( (/, )
'я@, ' я @ 27 503-06,
k (, @ 123-30, 193-97
k , i ((*() 233-35 143, 104-05
2 '@ я 5 ('@ iя m ()
2s1 ('"12 u ;"() 151 112-14
537
s d t n
=( 107
* o, S( 337
*og(", (" ("Ej) 151 яr ("() 247-48
яr i" (d@ () 87, 106, 152,
(i e( L e ((*() 257-64 168-69, 224-25, 280, 332, 415-16
t, nd 185 (t() 167
t, "H 527 r 280
5K ( (*() 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, "rl, o1я 144-45
24, 26, 27, 28, 150-58, 178-89 яd , я 176
u 138-39 *, g, (") 203-04
(t() 167-68 @ 162, 175-76
, "1 412, 527 S( (() 325
gp, K 19, 91-93, 154-55, 527 1K, я1p( ( "51 ' )
", 'gg 285-87 113-14
", ,nd 518 " 513
e (() 339 ", я5 518
dяtt 138-39, 187 " ((;p ) 3
dя51 ((*() 269-71 ui1(5 2i" 82-84, 86, 117-19, 134-
dя51 ( "E . ) 22, 23 35, 160-61, 209
iC(K ((*() 172-76 u o1 (t(- 75
iC 20, 21, 86-103 u '@l (' t() 57
', a ,nd 513 uяiu( 63-64, 67, 68, 70, 71, 116-
', '=n (g) 185, 203, 248 117, 121-22, 158-59, 160-64
', " 527 k , ,g5 60, 71, 121, 172-74, 188-
'1 ((*() 240-43 89, 336, 345
' =a $( ((*() 244-46 1я, e, e, '(, (is 5 '"k (^)
'" " ((*() 278-80 116-17, 121-22, 163-64, 279
m ( /я 519-24 , Sя 250-51
m ( itS( 205 $я@ @ 214-216
m ( $5 519 n@ @ 527
; = (S;n 'p"gn) 148-49, 150-51 ' я i" 202, 254, 255
' " , @* 66
, ( 196-98 ; /o1 25 253-54
, " ( 38
t (' a . ) 504-06
= 5, (i 174, 188-89
538
s d t n
>d, яя5" (·n 'p"gn) 84 'Su 280

5k( iC 146-51, 527
G (s ; /o1 25 75
(s (un 246-47 j( (' я K) 17-28, 273-74
(s 2i" (m ( t() 56, 74, 255 2, /*5 62-63
(s '*( ((*() 250-56 ( 105, 176, 225, 248, 325, 404-06
(s " 25 116-17 ", я ("@;(), 246-63
(s ps 87 ?1, p" 183-85
(s '¤d (iC p, "L 42-43 ?1 p 276-78
',¤, Kяf 26, 150-53 ?1 "b 527, 527
"5, ,5" 78 i a o /, ((*() 285-87
^ p 161-66 i 138-39
(t() 39, 205-06 H 104-06, 193-198, 238-39,
285-87 246-47,
, ' 155-58, 527 '= ((*() 198-99
@ 1, 9, 91, 136-37, 139-40, o En ((*() 243-44
154-55, 184-85, 187, 202, 255-56 (() 332-34
' 62 ; uf id u1 ((*()
p¢ ((*() 26, 27, 229-30 221-23
p ( (я1 "" ""; a*5 *( =5a ((*() 218-
ki) 130-40 21
p" яf 527 =5a ((*() 249-50
p 84, 135-36, 265-66 L 143
pn / 5s 63 E я o ((*() 16
p o1d 199-200 b я1 187
S b 'яn 1, 9, 24, 123, 136-37
Sя-e-' 412 b, '@m @ 22, 512, 513
Sя 247-48, 148 K 167, 205-06
S" p 154-55 (яn() 23, 216-19
S is5 i( ( u 56 (t() 205-06
Sr(, @ 26 "g я pst ((*(), 247-49
Sr(, '@m 527 5", i( 41, 56
Sr(, @я@ 514, 525 1 g5 (iя () 151
Sbi2 (" 2) 54 1· L2 71
S1 335 , e , / 246-47
'Sn 138-39
539
s d t n
ui , e 66 -'"1 ,k 110

, ,i ((*() 510-11 ( 138-39
n ((*() 257-301 " , '¤ /d @ 89, 143,
p S" =K '" @ 155 176, 227-28
p (t() 167-68 (; , ks ("ig ªnt) 80
p (t() 171-72 i1 ((;p ) 3, 4
c я 17-21 ~, яS( / 56, 102, 111, 116-
c( o ((*() 158-162 17, 120-22, 130, 131, 135-137, 138-
c ;Y 25 67 39, 158-59, 172, 188-89, 224, 254-
c '¤d 'S 42-43 256, 417-19, 505
c n "" ('@"Y) 60 $ яs 166
E o 199-200 ' 5 ((;p ) 95, 96
s n "m 40-41, 55, 58-59
'= um (" " S 23, 238-41 ('я) 72
'= я 114 od, 130, 224
' 11 я, '=¤p"n 415-16
' 2 " 335 1 248
' 25 (, , "’ 25) 230 я 514
'gg ' (= m ( t() 73 rjя (g) 185, 203, 248
' '@m 12, 17, 519-24, 527 l(, e, / (g) 527
', /d = 514, 515 @" , '@m 527
', S= (() 279 @*, 'я; 42-43
'", ',C 73 @ , 348-70, 527
'", a 348-70 @Õ , ((1( ,) 99
'", p" яf 348-70 ii @;(^ 64
b,g, / g-; 86, 116-117, 163 o '" b 85
bu , gbl ;( 117-19 ((*() 20
b½, ui (G я5 ,;n) 158-59 H (@( (*() 123-30
n , /d 525-527
(’, ; ('я ) 121-23
=f " 137 , '@m 527, 527
~,5, a 527 nSl, i( (" 2) 174
~,5, 272-74, 513, 514 =5 , sS e, 134-35
~,5, "nH (a;() 248 , >"1 />d 113-14, 150-51
~,5, "(n (() 277-78, 333-34 ( (g) 112-13, 114, 117, 122, 137,
157-58, 158-59, 165, 174, 188, 204,
229
540
s d t n
( nt" 158-59 k"g 1 'pK ((*() 212-14

", e, e 518 я5, iK (n 272
s (" 2) 174 я@ @ 91, 136-37
", / 20 nS, '@m 515
@, ( 17 " =, 87, 88, 176, 181-82, 185-
@, / 408-409, 512, 86, 254, 255
513,514,516,527 " (/) 61
;"( @", en 89-90 i; @ pK 506-08
;"( @", 52 89-90 'i (·2u '*( p( t() 70
'" , ego1g5 134-35
;(=5" (" 2) 174
'sS ("() 247-248
;(big, "1 78
'sS, / 1 525
я5, isn 88, 227-28, 250-51, 256
'@i , ee (ee) 526
t, i 94 '¤( =Knt 174-77
t, (;K 348-70, 371-74, 527
t @ 121-23, 219, 224, 277
яS 88, 136-37, 187, 227-28, 246- o is 66, 285-287
47 k·½ 88, 176
яS 'я , (яn() 371-74 di e(t * (*( 207-10
( 1( 167 d( s o ((*()
k L e ((*() 270-72 203-04
k ((*() 276-78
k@ (k" ) 1, 3-9, 12, 24, 28,
40, 42, 69-71, 74, 76, 83, 85, 86-87, k 1 ' '= ((*() 235-37
90-91, 93-94, 96-100, 101-03, 118- kb d S ( uk a . )
20,121-26, 130, 139-40, 144-45, 159- 293-95
62, 163, 164-65, 167-71, 171-72, 178- k* ( 2; . ) 25
81, 183-85, 187,198-203, 212-19, 222- k sk (s, ( a) 17-19, 22,
25, 227, 233-34, 242-43, 257-83, 292, 26, 28
298-99, 305-08, 348, 375-89, 392-401 k b ( uk a . ) 291-93
k ak 166-72
kS¤я (;m ((*() 266-69
я"5 () 60
kd o ( ((*() 193-97
, e e ((s '"1 ª$) 77
kd '( * ((*() 264-66
Kяf 22
kd g1 167-68 K ((*() 196-98
k"g o EE ((*() 214-16 K (d ) 17, 18
541
s d t n
K e(2 p;k ,t ((*() 399-401 254-56, 264-66, 280, 312, 325, 336,
KE L e ((*(), 273-77 376, 378, 388, 415-19,
KEK ((*() 238-41 @ , @Sя 416-18
KEK ,a ((*() 509-10 @ , @" @Sя 195-96
S( 105, 248, 325, 404-05 я ( ' *; 227-29
S(, '@m 39, 40, 326-29 я ( ((*() 175-77, 181-84
nd * (c() 87, 89, 144-45, 152, я, ind@ 515
166, 176-77, 187, 224-25, 244, 280, я(, 96-97, 101, 116-117, 142, 163-
314, 332, 415-16 64, 206, 394
nd "E p"= 105, 176-77, 246-47 @ 87
я oi 'я 'H ( uk H ªH /n 105-106, 176-77, 198,
a . ) 288-91 225, 248
(i--/ 'я1 ) 91 1, aя 516, 527
@ , /i 527 1, ao 415-16
@ , /u 525 1, (rK 348-70
@ , /( 517-19 1, pK 527
@ , / @ ' @ 28, 281-85 1, iK (i 527
@ , / 519, 525, 527 1, *nd *, 406-7, 417-19, 514, 515,
@ , /S( 340-47, 526, 527 527
@ , e",e (,) 174-75 1, sp 412-413, 513, 525
@ , яl (e-e -e) 134-137, 527 1, @ 417-19, 513, 515
@ , я1u 2, 6, 235-36,518 1 ',¤, a" (a;() 19, 246-48,
@ 'S¤" 512 296-301
@ , "u 248 1@ , я@ 250-56, 527
@ , я (e-e -e) 130-33 @ , " 152
@ , sSя 100-01, 121-23, 153-54, ;"g , 'я" 63
222-25,293-95, 379-382, 383-89, 392- '""i2 134-35
401, 527 25- 1971 (() 320-22
@ , @d 20 ; я1 (' я1 t() 66
@ , ' я 1, 2, 4, 6-10, 17, 21, ' "> "$, : ((*() 237-39
56, 63, 66, 72-75, 76-78, 89, 100, 104, '" , ' l 85
108-21, 130-33, 137-40, 143-48, 154- 's 248
55, 161-62, 165, 169-70, 174-77, 179- '" /-iu"S (/ / "p@(
80, 193-95, 198, 204, 207-10, 229, t() 192-93
232-33, 243-44,
S, 404-05
542
s d t n
^ 2i" 71, 72 ;, "я1 514, 527

S= (t() 114, 190 (, i 17, 310-11
b (br"" t() 134-35 (, 2,ei, 39, 323-24, 411, 526,
,>", яя5" 66 527
(·n "t) 162 (= 2i" 160-61
'=¤ /" s (() 337 k " 230-32
L 1 k /n 230-32, 248
1 199-200 ' /1я ("n () 279
1 я 514 ' я @ , : cя
(i;^) 134 72-75, 77-78, 104, 108-109, 132-34,
25 (( g) 66 142-47
'(o, ="51 ('s () 151 '; () 229
'@ , ( 17, 18, 21-23, 527 "
'@ ,p 39 " (m ( t() 94, 205-06
"5, /ud , 514, 515
b m" ( 11, 178-89. 227-256, 279-80, "nd, / ( 40, 190-94, 339, 518,
310-11, 316, 320-22, 325, 335-36, 339 521, 524, 525, 527
b ; (() 310-11 "p ' ¤@ 172-74
K*5 ""; 40-41, 63, 65-66, 69, 71, "l 21
78, 81, 82, 250 " Sя ( 94
Sjя 519, 525, 527 "(, 248
@, / 21 "(, я 512, 513, 515
@ (/;) 18 "(, @ / 17, 418-21, 515, 516
@ " 94-96 "l (i1" /@ Dd ) 206-08,
@dl@, @m (g) 105 233-35
v( (i^) 41, 55, 62 s (t() 167
(, m"1 /@ 519, 525 s s( ((*() 246-48
@я@ ((;p ) 272 sя (t() 205-06
S, я 20 ">i, (" / 414
"jя@ (g) 248 ">o (iH( /n 94
@, я@ (/S= @) 113-14 "( s o @ a(i
@, ' / 512, 516 ((*() 204-06
@ o1я 138, 188-189 "(, " 270-72, 273-77, 335-36
@d , e,,e 26 "( 40, 181-84, 216-219
@d , я 256 "t5, я> 151
" g 2i" 89-90,
543
s d t n
s1t" '*( s ((*() 16 a . 22, 23, 24, 26-29, 383-89

s( (t() 213 '"@ , /d", 518
s "g H 9, 136-37 '"1 (u s 25 84
sK ' '(nd p, = 402-421 '"1 $( 173-74
s 'LHK 2 '"1 289-90
"n 13-15 '"@o15, '@" @ 143-74, 227-28
"1( ( (*() 190-91 's @u" я 57-58
", e '= (g) 220-23 @
", ee 41, 58-59, 527 @( s;^g5 (@(-e m () 77
"o1 я@ 414-415 @(, / () 19, 20, 526
", /d" 11, 105, 176, 225, 248, @(, =яu 37, 247-49, 340-47, 509-
325, 519, 523, 524 10
"@, @ 39, 158, 162, 135-37, 527 @(, я@r 348-69
";k, ui1 ((5 " 2) 161-52 @(, $r (e-e -e) 130
", K 5 @(, Sя 87-89, 143, 176, 227-28
"d(, / ( 414-416 @(, n 512, 514, 515, 516
"d(, e, / 115 @(, @d 21, 22, 527
"d(, я@ 527 @ 5" , i( 71
"d(, $ / 408-410 @g (t() 213
"@ d@ 137 @i, '@m /d (a;k) 105
"я, i"i '@" 87 @ S 248
"12-'"½ 'я2 41 @n , e,e 518, 521, 524
s(k ((*() 307-09 @ 100
" 209-91 @ud , (я 525
"S1 e,e (a;() 141-142 @ 130, 137, 143, 154-55,
"" " (' я) 87, 137-38 @Sя, /d (a;() 18-21, 90-91,
" , @ 526-527 93-99
", 'яg 205 @r 242, 519
";; , " (S" ªnt) 80 @, =n 403, 412-12
"$5 oa sp 1 ((*() 303-306 @( , 248, 280
"$5 " 143, 517 @, /d 518
"$5 " si ((*() 19 @, / 105
'"(n 519 @" , / 152
'" (gK 'v я ; p,) @" , (r 525
@" , =яu 204-06
544
s d t n
@" , r 40, 269-71, 291-93 Ahmed. Tajuddin 44. 479

@" , @ 518-523 Ahmed, Zareed 32
Ahsan, Syed Ali 33, 34, 35, 36
@" , 'яSS (i" eg) 142 Akhtar, Babul 30, 32, 37
@" , d 519, 525, 527 Akhtar, Jamil 33
@2, 171-72, 209, 510, 511 Akhtar, M.R 30, 31, 34, 39
Akhtar, Parveen 39
@n-" "m(5 13-14 Alam, Ashraful 32, 34, 35, 36, 40
@, /= (я"L (s ª$) All. Hafez 36, 38
108-09 Ali. Hossian 47
Ali. Mansur 50
h, я (a) 348-70, 527
Ah. Salman 431
h, m"1 " 410 Alor Diganta (A talk in Bengali) 16
'@ s '@ / (() 326-29 Amar Sonar Bangla 30
'@o1, / 5s ((5 Á ;"() 151 Amnesty, fall to deceive : BBC Thaws :
Mercenary Malik (article) 477-79
'@, 336 Anjuman-e-Mahajarian 50
'@?, "( 237-39 Anwar, Mustafa 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 39
'@" , / 20, 21, 27, 104-23 Arafat, Yassir 476
Awami League 45, 47, 50, 435, 436,
'@" , ' o1я 316, 389-92, 403-04 443, 448, 451, 452-53, 458. 458-60. 475.
'@" , 19, 20, 527 479. 490. 502
'@" /, (я 518, 524 Awami League Opts for Military
Solution (article) 458-60 The Asian 437
k B
k 137, 143, 403-04 Bajrakantha (Voice of Sheikh Mujibur
INDEX A Rahman) 29
Abdullah-al-Islam 31, 32 Bangladesh Communist Party 479
Bangladesh Get Ready (article) 497-98
Activities of the Liberation Army 45, 50, Bangladesh Liberation Forces 42-43,
52-53 426-27,427-29,434-35. 437-38, 438-
Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity 39,440, 441,442-46, 468, ,493,498-500
Organization 454-56 Bangladesh National Congress 479
Agartala Conspiracy Case 433 Bangali, Mohammad Shah 34, 35, 38,
39 Begum Akhtar Sulaiman 431 Begum
Agnishikha (A Composite Programme Umme Kulsum 29 Belal, Mohammad 32
for the Freedom Fighters) 15, 16 ,29 Bell, Martin 478
Ahmad, M.M. 483 Bengal Liberation Army 2, 3, 6,10
Ahmed, Farid 491 Bhashani, Moulana Hamid Khan 48. 5 1.
Ahmed, Fayez 30, 33, 38, 39,40 479, 502
Bhuiya (Captain) 3
Ahmed, Khondoker Moshtaque 479 Bhutto, Z A 430, 436, 437.451. 479.
Ahmed, Mesbah 34 482. 483,501-02
Ahmed, Muzaffar ( Professor) 479
Ahmed. Raju 32
545
s d t n
Biswa Janamat 16,29 Borchgrave, Pranab 39

Arnaud de 438 Boltomly, Aurther 458-59 Chodhury, Rezwanul Huq 39 Chodhury,
bowles. Chester 68 Bray. Charles 493 Shamim 39 Chodhury, Shamsul Huda
British Delegation Slates Yahya Tikka 528. 529 Chodhury, Subhra 37 Christian
(article) 458-59 Monitor 134-35 Collusion with
British Labour Parly Wakes Up: An Iran(article) 483 Conflict in East
Intervention Not Welcome Now (article) Pakistan : Background and Prospect
486-89 134-35 Conservative Party (U.K.) 487
British Parliament Debates Bangladesh D
(article) 452-54 The Daily Express (London) 441, 445-
Brodie. Ian 441 46. 475,501
Brohi A.K. 432 The Daily Mail 493
Brown, Malcolm 86, 440, 443 The Daily Mirror 445-46
Brown, goatfrey 440 The Daily Telegraph 51-52, 52, 440.
Budapest Peace Conference 42-43 441.
Bultimore Sun 134-35 442, 444, 445-47, 448, 474-75
Burns, Michael 44 Darpan (A Talk in Bengali) 16, 29
The Bangalis Strike Back (article) 70 C A Death of a Nation (Report) 65
Caravan (Kabul Daily) 49 The Decisive Stage (article) 499-500
Cargill, I.P.M.67, 422 .('arm 11 report 67 Declaration of Independence 10
Causes of Arab Apathy Towards Dhar, Monoranjan 479
Bangladesh (article) 462-63 Dillon, G.S. (Major) 138
CENTO 45 Dogens Nyheter (Swedish Daily) 69
Centre for the World Fellowship of Dorfman, Rober (Dr.) 46,-47
Buddhists 46 E
Chakravarty, Sabuj 38 East Bengal Regiment 10
Charampatra (Counter Programme) 16, East german News Agency 447-57
17,29 East Pakistan Rifles 10
Chessworth, Donald 44 Eastern News Agency (ENA) 205-06
Chaing Kai Shek 493 Eichman 475
Chinese Attitude 426- 29, 464-65 Emergence of Secularism (article) 456-
Chow-En-Lai 464 57
Chodhury, Abdul Gaffar 33, 35, 36 Evans, William P. 442
Chodhury, Abdul Razzak 34, 36 F
Chodhury, Abu Sayeed (Justice) 42-43, Famine 424-26
46 Famine as a Weapon Relief Food for
Chodhury, Ahmad 30, 31, 32 Soldiers! Bangla is no Biafra (article)
Chodhury, Ali Reza 32 472-74
Chodhury. Asad 39 Faruq, Md. 36 Faruqui, A. A. 31
Chodhury, Babul 32 Final Battle Begins : Mukti Bahini
Chodhury, Fazlul Qader491 Chodhury, Riding
High (article) 498-99
The Financial times 438, 441-42, 444
Foisie, Jack 435
French Communist Party 448
546
s d t n
G 43 ,46,47
Galbraith, John (Prof.) 4, 71-73 Gandhi. Islam, Syed Nazrul 42-43, 39, 454
Indira 46-47, 48, 441-42,448, 484-86, Islam, Mazharul (Dr.) 35, 36, 38
493 Gestapo 4, 5 Ghose, Narayan 32 Giri Jalianwalabag Massacre 475 Jallader
V. V. 48 Darber ( Drama) 29 Jamat-e-Islami 463
Gromyko, Andrei (Soviet Foreign Islam, Shahidul 35, 36, 38 Jessel, Toby
Minister) 427-28 458-59 Jinnah, Muhammad Ali 452. 479
The Guardian 438, 440, 448 K
Gun, Nirmalendu 31. 39 Kabikantha (Self Composed Poems) 16
H Kabir, Alamgir 30, 31, 32 35, 36, 450
Kashmir Problem 457 Kennedy, Edward
Hammarksoeld Dag 466 Hasan. Badrul
(senator) 454-55, 481 Khan, Abu Toab
30, 33, 35 Hazelhurst, Peter 46 Heath,
32 ,34, 36, 37, 39 ,40 Khan, Abdul
Edward 487 Heinsen, Earnest (Dr.) 434
Gaffar Khan. 47. 49-50, 433 Khan,
Hilaly, Aga 431 Abdul Monem 490-91
An historic five-party agreement : Prof Khan, Ayub 452-53, 457, 470, 483, 490-
Galbraith mistakes Bengali spirit (article) 91
479-81 Khan. Muhammad Yahya 46-47. 49. 51,
History of Economics and Political 422-433,436-38, 439-40, 441,442, 443,
Domination of East Pakistan. 134-35 448, 449, 450-54, 458-59, 463,465-67,
Hitler 435,462,475 468, 470,472-79, 481-483, 488-93, 494-
Hollingworth, Clare 441, 442 97,501.-02
Home Guard 437 Khan, Sjadruddin Aga (Prince) 471-72,
Hoq, A. K. Fazlul 88, 479 483 "*
I [ornsby, Michael 435 Khan, Tikka 65, 430, 431. 434, 458-59,
Hossain, B (Dr.) 528 466,474-75
Hossain, Parveen 31, 32, 33, 37,47,51 Khan, Wali 502
Hossain, Shah Moazzem 48, 49 Kissinger, (Dr.) 465
Hume, Sir Alec Doglas 447, 452 Kosygin 484-86
Huq.Gaziul 38 L
Huq, Nurul (M.N.A) 33 L' Humanite (Communist Party
Newspaper of France) 448
Hussain, (Jordan) 463
Labour Party (England) 44, 487, 488
Hussain, Amir 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39
Lahore Resolution (1940) 460-61
I
Laldighi Maidan 3
Imam, Hasan 36 The Le Figaro (Paris Daily) 477
India-USSR Treaty (article) 484-86 Lin Piao431
Indian Moslems Misled (article) 467-469 Lohani, Kamal 30, 33, 37, 38, 40 The
Indian National Army (INA) 138 Indo- London Times 44, 46-47, 134-35, 437,
China Border Clash (1962) 428-29 Islam, 438, 440, 441 -42,445-47, 448 Los
Kazi Nazrul (Poet) 15, 16, 36, 42- Angeles Time 435 Loshak, Devid 444
547
s d t n
M Nixon 427-28, 506-07, 431, 449, 451-

Mahalanabish, Bulbul 30 52, 463,464-65,471, 473,493-96 Nixon
Mahmood, B 528 Goes to Peking as Bangladesh Bleeds
Majumder, Phani 48, 49 464-65
Malik, A. M. 439, 475-77. 477-79, 481, Not 'Separatism' : A War of Liberation
491
(article) 460-62
Malreaux, Andre 485
Mannan, M. A 16,529 O
Mao-Se-Tung 443 Observatore Ramano (The Vatican
Maruqis De Sade 475 Daily) 52
Mascarenhas, Anthony 431 Ockland Tribune (Newspaper) 134-35
Mitra, Kalyan 30, 32, 33, 39 O'Dyer 475
Mohathero, Jyotipal 46 Oikatan (Patriotic Song) 16 Osman,
Molla. Jalaluddin 45 Bulban 35 Osman. Shawkat 34 Otowa
Monem Eliminated : Other Collaborators Ciuzen 134-35
Shaking in Pants (article) 490-91 P
More Us Arms for Killing Bengalees :
Pakistan Bouddha Krishti Prachar
AAPSO Fails to understand Bangladesh
(article) 454-56 Sangha 42-43, 46
The Morning Star 443-44 Pakistan in Tight Corner: D-Day
Morshed, Noorjahan 48, 49 Nearing
A Multi-pronged Attack on Bangladesh : Warning for U.N. (article) 495-97
(article) 469-71 Palestinian Guerrilla Organisation 456
Muslim League,456. 460-61 Peace Committee (Local) 444
People's Party of Pakistan 436
N Pilger, John 445-46
Nadir Shah 493, 488, 498 Pmdii Prolap (Radio Talk) 29
Naser (Captain) 3
Podgorny 44, 46, 47, 483, 484 .
Nasser (President) 463
National Awami Party (Bhashani Group) Political Solution 422-24, 428-29, 454
51, 479, 502 Pratiddhani 29
National Awami Partv (Muzaffar Group) Pravda (Soviet Communist Party Paper)
479. 502 46-47
National Awami Party (Wali) 502 Prentice, Reginald 458-59
National Consultative Committee 479-81 R
National Economic Council 430 Rafique, Mohd 32 Rahman, A. 33, 529
New Statesman 134-35 Rahman, Ashfaqur 33, 31, 35, 36, 38
News Comentary 422-33 Rahman, Mustafizur 29, 35, 40 ,
Newsweek 65, 86, 134-35,422, 438,493,
Rahman. M. 3 1, 33. 36 Rahman.
495
Newsweek Magazine 438-39 Shamsur 39 Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur 2,
New York Times 435. 443,448-49, 494 3, 6, 10 , 49, 423,428-29, 430, 431, 432-
Ngo Dm Diem regime 471 33, 441 ,443, 451 -52,454, 458-59, 465-
Niazi (Captain) 439, 500, 501-02 67, 468-69, 471,474-75, 477, 482, 483,
Niazi's Pitiful Boasts (article) 501-02 485, 490, 492 Rahman, Ziaur( Major
Zia) 2, 3, 6 Rahman. Zillur(MNA) 38
Raj Bongshi, Indramohan 32
548
s d t n
Raktaswakkhar (Self Composed Poems Swadhin Bangla Liberation Government

and Patriotic Song) 16 6
Ranangane Banglar Nari (Radio Talk) 29 Symington, Stwart 454-55 T
Ranaveri (News of the Sectors) 16 Tally, Mark 435,
Rashid, Mamunoor 36
U Thant 42-43, 44,46-47,431, 432,433,
Razakars 437, 438. 441, 444-46
451-52,466,472
Reicn (Nazi) 475 Ukil, Abdul Malek (MNA) 34
Rogers, William (U.S. Secretary) 422-23, (Jmme Kulsum 38
454-55 UN Proved Impotent (article) 451-52
Round Table Conference (1969) 452-53 United Press International 44 US People
Roy, Ajit 35-36 force Nixon stop arms flow (article)
Roy, Ajoy 37 493-95
Roy Chowdhury, Asit .38 US Senators Vote stoppage on aid : Paks
S on the UN (article) 481-83
Sadat, Anwar 46, 47 An Unwinable Guerilla War (Report) 86
Sadek, Musa 34, 38, 39
V
Sadekin 29, 36, 39, The Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies
Sadeque, Zafar 31, 33, 36 51-
Shaha, Manadev 30, 34, 36, 40 52
Shaha, Purnendu 30
Sakhyatker (Radio Talk) 29 W
Samad, A (Local Agent) 50, 528-29 War on Want 41-44
Samad, M.A. 45,51 Washington Post 134-35
Samayeeki (News commentary in Woollacott. Marwt438
Bengali) 16 The World Federation of the United
Nations Associations 51 -52
SEATO 45
World Opinion 44-48, 51-52
Shah (Iran) 483 World Peace Conference 45
Shahi, Aga 46-47 World Press Review on Bangladesh
Shamsher, (Lieutenant) 3 447-
Shastri, Lai Bahadur 457 49
Shocking Western Apathy : Bangladesh World Press worried about Sheikh :
No Biafra or Indonesia 450-51 Honour for Tikka! (article) 474
Siddiqui, Zahed 30. 31, 32, 33, 35, 39
Sirkar, Shah Ali 16 Y
Six Point Formula 451, 492 Yahya and his by-elections (article) 489-
90
Som Short (Reporter of the Mai) 70
Yahya finds his quisling (article) 475-77
State Language Movement (1952) 456 Yahya's Prepares to murder Sheikh
Stonehouse. John 434, 443, 447, 449, (article) 465-67
458-59 Yahya's approaching Doom (article)
Suharto (Indonesia) 451 Suhrawardy, 491-93
Hussain Shahid 429, 479 Sunday
Telegraph 134-35 Sunday Times 134-35 Z
The Terrible Blood Bath of Tikka Khan Zaker, Ali, 31, 33
65 Zehadi, Moulana M. R. 30, 31
The Time Magazine 438 U

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HISTORY OF BANGLADESH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

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Syed Asgar Ali

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

1. Dr. Mafizullah Kabir Chairman

M.A. Salam Khan

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