PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

LAWS OF MOTION

FORCES
—A simple push or pull, therefore, it is a
vector quantity.
Has a unit of Newton, N

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TYPES OF FORCES
Contact Forces — there
should be a direct contact
so see the effect of the
applied forces

Field Forces — the effect

of the force is felt even in
the absence of contact
(long range)

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TYPES OF FORCES
Gravity Force, Fg
—The force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon, or other

massively large object attracts another object towards itself. By definition, this

is the weight of the object. All objects upon earth experience a force of gravity

that is directed "downward" towards the center of the earth. The force of

gravity on earth is always equal to the weight of the object as found by the

equation

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TYPES OF FORCES
Normal Force, Fn
—The normal force is the support force exerted upon an

object that is in contact with another stable object. For

example, if a television is resting upon a surface, then the

surface is exerting an upward force upon the book in order to

support the weight of the book. On occasions, a normal force

is exerted horizontally between two objects that are in

contact with each other.

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 TYPES OF FORCES
Friction Force, Ff
—The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object
moves across it or makes an effort to move across it.

Static Friction — friction that must be exceeded in order to start a

motion.

Kinetic Friction — friction existing between two moving bodies.

Ff = µ•Fn

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TYPES OF FORCES
Tension force, Ft
The tension force is the force that is
transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire
when it is pulled tight by forces acting from
opposite ends. The tension force is directed
along the length of the wire and pulls equally on
the objects on the opposite ends of the wire.

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NEWTON’S FIRST LAW

(Law of Inertia)

An object moves with a velocity that is

constant in magnitude and direction,
unless acted on by a nonzero net force.

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INERTIA AND MASS
Inertia — the tendency of the body to
continue in its original state of motion

Mass — measure of the objects resistance

of changes in its motion due to a force

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NEWTON’S SECOND
LAW (Law of Acceleration)

The acceleration of an object is directly

proportional to the net force acting on it
and inversely proportional to its mass.

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NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
(Law of Action-Reaction)

If object 1 and object 2 interact, the force

F12 exerted by object 1 on object 2
is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
to the force F21 exerted by object 2 on
object 1.

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FREE BODY DIAGRAM

—Illustrations
of all forces
acting and or
applied to a
body.

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OBJECTS IN
EQUILIBRIUM

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APPLICATION Example 01

A traffic light weighing 100N

hangs from a vertical cable tied
to two other cables that are
fastened to a support. The
upper cables make angles of
37.0 and 53.0 with the
horizontal. Find the tension in
each of the three cables.
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APPLICATION Example 01

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APPLICATION Example 02

A 10kg mass was suspended through a rope.

Find the tension in the rope

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APPLICATION Example 03

The combined weight of the crate and dolly is

300N. If the man pulls on the rope with a
constant force of 20.0 N, what is the acceleration
of the system (crate plus dolly), and how far will
it move in 2.00 s? Assume that the system starts
from rest and that there are no friction forces
opposing the motion.

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APPLICATION Example 03 solution

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APPLICATION Example 04

Find the acceleration of the 20kg block when pulled by 50N

with direction 15 degrees above horizontal if...
a) the surface is frictionless
b) considering static friction is 0.2 and the surface kinetic
friction is 0.1;
is the force enough to cause motion to the block? If so,
find the acceleration.

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APPLICATION Example 04 solution

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APPLICATION Example 04 solution

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APPLICATION Example 05
let m1= 3kg, m2 = 12 kg
Ffk=0.1, Ffs=0.2
Find the acceleration of m1 when...
a) The system is frictionless
b) The system is with friction

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APPLICATION Example 05 solution

a) Free body diagram (frictionless)

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APPLICATION Example 05 solution
b) Free body diagram (with friction)

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APPLICATION Example 05 solution
b) Free body diagram (with friction)

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APPLICATION Example 06
Find the acceleration of 12kg block when...
a) The system is frictionless
b) The system is with friction
Ffk=0.1, Ffs=0.2

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APPLICATION Example 06
a) Free body diagram (frictionless)

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APPLICATION Example 06
a) Free body diagram

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APPLICATION Example 06
b) Free body diagram (with friction)

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APPLICATION Example 06

b) Free body diagram

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