Integration of Renewable Energy with Grid integration and efficient operation, another

Smart Grid. important factor should be considered. Also, planning

and enhancing transmission grids are essential to
strike a balance between the geographic distribution
of renewable energy resources and electricity
demand. Last but not least, transforming distribution-
level planning and operating systems to improve grid
Abstract – integration and flexibility is important. This paper
addresses all these considerations.

Grid integration challenge involved studies,

publications, and other materials. These studies and
materials are often based on specific geographic
I. INTRODUCTION
scope defined by participants, institutions, and
Worldwide, the electricity sector is undergoing a regulators' technical reach and/or jurisdictional
fundamental transformation, not only in terms of boundaries. Work can be found on each of the above-
technology but in policies and others also. mentioned grid integration challenge elements as
Institutional structures and practices underpin the well as work addressing a particular power system or
entire industry. To achieve transformation, the use of jurisdiction's overall challenge scope as part of the
renewable energy sources is essential. Almost in 145 larger work addressing the overall challenge. About
countries in the world implemented the Renewable grid integration, research and literature on how to
energy policies from last 20 years as the demand for implement it as cost-effectively as possible are
Renewable energy increased, technology costs heavily influenced by the configuration and
decreased, and investment cost for Renewable energy characteristics of a particular electricity and
was about $270 billion annually in 2015, according to electricity market. As two jurisdictions are not the
the International Renewable Energy Agency (13-14). same by their characteristics, in this research we
The term "global energy transition" is becoming generally carried it out in a way that is specific to
increasingly widely spoken in countries that are each jurisdiction.
explicitly involved in it, Germany will generate most
of the electricity (about 80%) from renewable sources
in 2050 but also in countries such as Denmark, which
aims to achieve 100 percent by 2035. Several state
and local governments have set ambitious renewable
energy targets, including California (which wants to
be 50 percent renewables by 2030), Scotland (which
wants to be 100 percent renewables by 2020), and
South Australia (which wants to be 100% renewables
by 2030). (which wants to be 100 percent renewables
by 2050). (33 percent by the year 2020.) More than
160 countries around the world have set targets for
increasing the use of renewable energy in the coming
years (13). Many future energy scenarios with many
projections forecast high levels of renewable energy
globally and in certain regions indicating that
renewable energy will account for 40% to 80% of
electricity by 2050 (15 to 22 years from now).

The grid integration challenge includes several

workable components. In particular, the concept of
flexibility is crucial for balancing 'variable' resources,
such as wind and solar, and, more generally (24).
Besides designing electricity markets to facilitate