1.Take example power system and define a Tree and co-tree.

Obtain the Bus – Branch Incidence matrix

and use it to develop YBUS. Select arbitrary directions.

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2.Define the terms a) Graphs b) Incident c) Tree d) co-tree e) loop .

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A.GRAPH:Network Graph or simply graph is a pictorial representation of an electrical network which

Consists of a set of nodes connected by branches.

B.INCIDENT:Every element of a graph is incident between any two nodes.

C.TREE:Tree is a connected subgraph of a given graph, which contains all the Nodes of a graph. But,
there should not be any loop in that subgraph.

D.CO-TREE:Co-Tree is a subgraph, which is formed with the branches that are Removed while forming a
Tree. Hence, it is called as Complement of a Tree.

E.LOOP:Closed path or loop: The set of elements traversed and staring from one node and Returning to
the same node forms a closed path of loop.

3.Explain the formation of bus incident matrix with example.

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4.Develop the expression for network matrices by singular transformation.

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5.Obtain bus admittance matrix for power System by using direct inspection method

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9.Enumerate about modification of the bus impedance matrix for network changes.

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10.Demonstrate and discuss about partial Network.

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11.Design the algorithm for modification of Z Bus matrix for addition of element from a new Bus to
reference bus

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12.Develop algorithm for the modification of Z Bus matrix for addition of element from a new Bus to an
old bus.

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13.Narrate algorithm for the modification of Z Bus matrix for addition of element between Old bus to
reference bus.

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14.Demonstrate algorithm for the modification Of Z bus matrix for addition of element Between two old
buses

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15.List out Merit and Demerits of using polar And rectangular coordinates in load flow Studies.

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