ME204 Midterm I April 5, 2004 Name: Signature: Part I (30 pts): Concept Questions (Closed Book) (30 min) 1. What is internal energy 1 (intensive variable) of a pure substance? (a) Force per unit time a pure substance exerts on a unit surface area displaced by a unit length @)sum of Kinetic and potential energies of molecular degrees of freedom of that substance per unit mas (c) Potential energy of molecular degrees of freedom of that substance (q) Internal energy of an ideal gas is zero by definition (e) Internal energy is equal to the temperature of the substance per unit mass. 2. A system consisting of a mass of 10 kg of a substance is heated by adding 10 kJ of heat to the system. The system’s specific internal energy increases by 0.5 kJ/kg. How much work (in kJ) does the system perform? (a) -15 kJ (b) -5 kd (©) 10 Ks @s0 (e) 15 ks 3. Which of the following gases has the maximum specific heats? (a) He (b) He © Ne CO, (e) Ne4. A real gas with R = 0.300 kJ/(kg K) has a temperature of 55°C, pressure of 200 kPa, and mass of 1 kg occupies 0.5 m*. Which of the statements below is correct? (a) The gas is an ideal gas (0) 2 =pu/(Rr) = 1.3 © behaves as an ideal gas to within about a few percents. (@) This must be a liquid 3 (e) The temperature cannot be 50 °C, it must be 310 K. 5. Write down the mass and energy conservation equations for the system sketched below ead donee 5 “I ee oy + av “Ip Se tee a Wr G4 tlhe dh Be gader (hits San) Cato, aon (hye 4) 6. Write down the Kelvin-Planck and Clasius statements of the second law of thermody. namics? Kelvneflanck dlakement: Ty 23 imposible Br ag device tat operotes on 2 tyche to receive heat from 2 Single cererv7ic dnd prodece net doett of waits a Gia silemet | FP taprele fe soctnst iO see that oper WS le ED peodscns ns effet eer Aen Ha esa ied et bom 2 fewer temp. body to a hisher tere bod. 7. What is the thermodynamic temperature scale? A temperotere scale that is indeger dent of the progetics of the substance that oe med te measure tenperotivre 1 called @ thermodynamic temp scale 8. Sketch a heat engine, a refrigerator and a heat pump working between a hot reservoir at temperature Tj, and a hot reservoir at temperature Tc. Define the thermal efficiency for the heat engine and coefficient of performance for the refrigerator and the heat pump, and derive expressions for each of them. ™, Desired! outrat _— WHE Que, Oe i ee = 4 Be es Degapal pal Oy ey en yw Gor), o op), = a 2 ste9. What are the two statements known as the Cornot principles? % slung fess thao 1] The efPicieny of 2 srresesible heat eryne the effing of 2 reversible one sperohing between Pre sae eres azirs 2 Tle efercerces the same tu> resefvoirs we tha Same, betwee of all revesibele heal enghes yertng 10. A refrigerator is to remove heat from the cooled space at a rate of 300 kJ/min to maintain its temperature at -8°C. If the air surrounding the refrigerator is at 25 °C, determine the minimum power input required for this refrigerator. t Corley a eS p07 Te 254273 ae eH Fear Fle minima work, \ Or Heep Oe (oP na? Wey, F 3.03 =) Weiae So =) Wmtgs 39243 £S/min A B03 =) | alain = 37.96 3 Ih 11. An inventor claims to have developed a heat engine that receives 750 kJ of heat from source at 406 K and produces 250 kJ of net work while rejecting the waste heat to a sink at 300 K. Is this a reasonable claim? Why (ste th 209 2 BSOkE es Gee lo 2) Pye FS Wrynae 2 I = 1 a am 7 25045 Pu ysoke 20.67 w soko Wh, clatne a m Since War cboime I> tb, was PRRs not > reaseneble Clarm.Part II: Problems (Open Book) (80 min) ME204 Midterm I April 5, 2004 Name: Signature: 1. (20 pts) Consider the piston cylinder arrangement shown in the sketch below, in which a frictionless piston with a cross-sectional area of 0.06 m? rest on the cylinder walls such that the contained volume is 0.03 m®. The mass of the piston is such that,300 kPa pressure is required to raise the piston against atmospheric pressure. When the piston has moved to a point where the contained volume is 0.075 m’, the piston encounters a linear spring that requires 360 KN to deflect it 1m. Initially the cylinder contains 4 kg of saturated (two-phase) water at 35°C. The final pressure is 7 MPa. (a) Determine the final state of the water and the work done during the process. (b) Sketch the process on a p—v diagram aliens sae Shle2 Vy, 222m s0.0075 my Shee We mm ~ akg Shale 4 Petegeerr ee * sa Ve 20.088 milby ™ vy, gaze: i Wy, r0.sese mntlly 2 107324) es by yz voFS m a> he At fesonkhe =v neh My or ew saturated: mittee \7f. > - pe. (y- 0.075) 302 ete = Ages) ea eee aaa : > Vy 2 Oth mt pats (Vy-Vi) : 2 Vy) + — ) Wha 2 Wat Why 2 OMIM goo +7222, (0.142 2-078) = 302 (0.05- 2.03) pa = 259.4 ETa ahs Mo, Othe . goss milly ™ a at Ps2FMfa, Va, - 0.01737 rab lly Vpy > 0.001354 os iby since ay 2 0.0135 milly > Uys 2.02737 rot Ih 5 anpifaifel ior Faesemos GAR dot fread its superheaked Vager In ?. Ose FA \ ayy ny = 01S am lky 332.8 = Sense tees ft (ke) b) 3 MPa 300 ki co ae (onslly) s \ s | ° 8 % a % F vName: 2. (15 pts) Steam at 0.6 MPa, 200°C,,enters an isolated nozzle with a velocity of 50 m/s. It leaves at pressure of 0.15 MPa and a velocity of 600 m/s. Determine the final temperature if the steam is superheated in the final state, and the quality if it is saturated. eres A Uetes mn | Preous mes | Viesstat Pizo.6me — Tye rove Asse nphioa 4) sterdy eperobor Bee 4a) Heat transfer I) Changes Jn PE sete ism 763! DPETI ~ here foe 1 Bw of Pherae dyna ut Ine ee £ (UB) ye hee hit ae lied s 2¥s04k sll, + Z ts/ey 267 From table, 9 2 2692.6 ET Hk, S hye 26744 ball, hae os me: sedi mes Jara hab phe 2h 8 thus fF 7 hehe MP U6H.U-46IF Lo gg ie hey Te 2226.5 4 (59% 600"): (L-) ks 4Name: 3. (25 pts) Consider the simple steam power plant, as sketched in‘the figure below. The following data are for such a power plant. Location Pressure ‘Temperature or quality Leaving boiler 2.0MPa 300°C a Entering turbine 1.9 MPa 290°C e Leaving turbine and entering condenser 15 kPa ” 90% Leaving condenser and entering pump 14kPa 45°C Pump work = 4 ki/kg Determine the following quantities per kilogram flowing through the units. (a) Heat transfer in line between boiler and turbine (b) Turbine work (©) Heat transfer in condenser (4) Heat transfer in boiler we => Orme From Tables, we read hae 3023 S bs /by Wiz 2902-5 ESIky hye 226.0 + 0:3) (2373 1223648 bT/ky a hyz 183.5 €TI4gCanela the CV enclosing the pipe Ome betueer He beiler 8) Cheese pos bone and the From He enservolen of orergg Bppiahpabi 2 220%. $= TOnis 2-242 ks lky lista ieee. lo) chest the cv: (anbrestoaM Ube perbme, Brom eneag easevehon hie hy + Was => we Wes Wig = Ai-ha 2 300d S- 23648 = €40.7 ESky C) Chose the CY enchsing the wondanser, Bom cas. # rag cv See Yee Tay hy hy = 188 5- 2364.5 A) pik genie GNP Or: hus hse Ws 27 bya hs +e = hs 2hy-We = 1885- (4) 2 jhse 1925 e5 Iky ) tes hy- As 2 3023-5- 132.5 New cap de Fe Ibeile; AL 2 2831 kT /byName: 4. (10 pts) Steam at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, 300°C is flowing in a pipe as sketched in the figure below. Connected to this pipe through a valve is an evacuated tank, The valve is opened and the tank fills with steam until the pressure is 1.4 MPa, and then the valve is closed. The process takes place adiabatically and kinetic energies and potential ‘energies are negligible. Determine the final temperature of the steam. Seam ab 4-4 MP2, 390e—e Assamphoosi wee Piao Pree t= ef aoe TIA OE ope xo aue%o xa "central voheare: The fark 35 Shun Lnittol sk Oh baat): Evacuated, mos me shakes Pa bape Ps, wo Peel Gn fre} brow Joler SBR E eee Paes fer sle[ondne Beh) = col ther £ferr ofeiaLomlins Bee a tne alg oe pores (Pen tre). prot = WS Peds BOhON ge a Piz 4 mee