Mechanics of Material

Chapter 1 – Introduction

11/4/2014
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Ravindra Samariya

PROBLEM-SET 1

[Type text] Page 1

PROBLEM 1

Figure 1

Consider a Block of Material with a Length of l0 and a Cross Section A0, as shown in the Figure.
Equal and Opposite Forces of Magnitude F are applied along the Y-direction as indicated in the
Figure.

A. If the plane shown in the Figure is at an angle θ from the Y-axis, obtain a Symbolic
Expression for the Normal Stress σn and Shear stress σs on the plane, in terms of F, A0,
and θ.

B. If F = 80 N, A0 = 100 mm2 and the plane shown in the figure is at an angle θ = 60ᵒ from the
Y-axis, calculate the values (in MPa) of the Normal Stress σn and Shear stress σs on the
plane at θ= 60ᵒ.

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

PROBLEM 2

Figure 2

A cylindrical Tensile Specimen has an Initial Diameter and Length of d0 = 5 mm l0 = 400 mm,
respectively. It is loaded axially with a F = 1200 N Force and the sample Stretches to a total Length of
l = 402 mm, as shown in the figure 2.

Assuming that the Material is Linear Elastic, Calculate the Numerical value of The Stress in MPa, and
Strain (unit less) in the sample. also Determine The Young's Modulus, in GPa.

A. Stress - ?
B. Strain - ?
C. Young’s Modulus of Elasticity(E) - ?

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

PROBLEM 3

Figure 3

A cylinder AB with a diameter dAB = 8 mm and a length of lAB = 200 mm, attached to the ceiling
supports a load FB = 1000 N at its Base (section B). Another cylinder BC, with a diameter dBC = 5 mm
and a length of lBC = 100 mm is attached to the the cylinder AB from section B as shown in the Figure
3. A Tensile force FC is applied to the bottom of the second cylinder (section C). The Young's
Modulus of both cylinders is E = 50 GPa. The self-weights of the two cylinders are negligible.

A. Provide a numerical value for FC in N, such that the tensile stresses in the two cylinders are
equal. Also what are the Strains ԐAB and ԐBC (unit less) in both cylinders at this FC value.?

FC - N?

ԐAB - ? ԐBC - ?

B. Provide a Numerical value for FC, in N, such that the Magnitude of Elongation (l−l0) of both
cylinders is equal. Also what are the stresses, σAB and σBC in MPa, and Strains ԐAB and ԐBC
(unit less) in both cylinders at this FC value?

FC - N?

σAB - Mpa? σAB - Mpa?

ԐAB - ? ԐBC - ?

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

PROBLEM 4

Figure 4

 A punch must cut a hole d = 30 mm in diameter in a t = 3 mm thick piece of sheet Metal as

shown in the Figure 4. The Ultimate Shear Strength of the sheet Metal is σxy = 60 MPa.
What is the numerical value in kN for the force required to punch this hole?.

F - kN ?

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

SOLUTIONS

SOLUTION 1.PART A

To compute the Normal Stress and Shear stress acting on the Inclined plane, We First Calculate the
Normal Force Fn and Shear Force Fs Components of the Force F acting on the Inclined plane. Using
Trigonometry.

Projecting F on the Inclined plane, The Normal Component is: Fn= Fsin θ.

Similarly, The Shear Component of F on the inclined plane is: Fs= Fcos θ.

In order to Compute The Normal and Shear Stresses on The Inclined Plane, We Need to Find The
area A0 of the inclined plane over which Fn and Fs act.The area of the inclined plane is: A=A0/sinθ

as σ = F/A From The General Hooke's Law, We Obtain:

Shear Stress σs = Fs /A = (Fcos θ)/( A0/sinθ)= (F /A).sin θ.cos θ
Normal Stress σn = Fn /A = (Fsin θ)/( A0/sinθ)= (F /A).sin2 θ

SOLUTION 1.PART B
Put the values F = 80 N, A0 = 100 mm2 and θ = 60ᵒ into the equations we found in part A:

Normal Stress σn = Fn /A = (80 N/100 mm2).sin2 60 = 0.6 N/mm2 = 0.6 MPa.

Shear Stress σs = Fs /A = (80 N/100 mm2).sin 60.cos 60 = 0.346 N/mm2 = 0.346 MPa.

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

SOLUTION 2.PART A
The Stress is Given by :-

σ n = Fn / A
� = ��� = π 5/ 2
= 19.63 mm2
σn = Fn /A = (1200N/1.963*10-5 m2) = 61.1 N/mm2 = 61.1 Mpa
Now We calculate the axial strain as:-

Ԑ = Δl/l0=[(402-400)/400] = 0.005

SOLUTION 2.PART B
Young's Modulus of the material can be calculated as:

E = σ/ Ԑ = (61.1 Mpa/0.005) = 12.22 Gpa

SOLUTION 3.PART A
We need to write an equation for each cylinder that relates the stress to FC.For the cylinder
AB that already has the 1000 N weight attached,
σAB = (FB + FC)/AAB
AAB = π*(4 mm)2
σAB = (1000 N + FC)/ π*(4 mm)2
For the cylinder BC, the total force is just FC.

ABC = π*(2.5 mm)2

σBC = FC/ π*(2.5 mm)2
We are given that the stresses are equal in the two cylinders, so we just equate the two
stresses from above:- > σAB = σBC
(1000 N + FC)/ π*(4mm)2 = FC/ π*(2.5 mm)2
FC = 641.025 N
Use Hooke's Law to convert the normal stress to normal strain.

ԐAB = σAB/E = 32.647 Mpa/50000 Mpa = 6.53*10-4

Because (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity)E is the same for both materials, the strains are the
same when the stresses are the same Hence ԐBC = 6.53*10-4

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

SOLUTION 3.PART B

Following the procedure in Part 1, we will set up equations that relate elongation to FC for
each cylinder.
The elongations for the cylinder AB can be written as: lAB-l0,AB and (lAB-l0,AB) = lAB ԐAB

Similarly The elongations for the cylinder AB can be written as: lBC-l0,BC and (lBC-l0,BC) = lBC ԐBC

The tensile strains for the cylinders AB and BC can be written as:

ԐAB = σAB/E and ԐBC = σBC/E Where E = 50 Gpa for both Cylinder.

The tensile stresses for the cylinders AB and BC can be written as:

σAB = (1000 N + FC)/ π*(4 mm)2

σBC = FC/ π*(2.5 mm)2
Therefore the elongations will be:
(lAB-l0,AB) = [(1000 N + FC) * 200 mm/ π*(4 mm)2*50000 Mpa]
lBC-l0,BC = [FC * 100 mm/ π*(2.5 mm)2*50000 Mpa]

Equating both and solving for FC gives:

FC = 3571.429 N
In order to compute the strains in the cylinders, we use Hooke’s law:
The cylinder AB: σAB = (1000 N + 3571.429 N)/ π*(4 mm)2 = 90.945 Mpa
ԐAB = σAB/E = 90.945/50000 = 1.819*10-3
The cylinder BC: σBC = (3571.429 N)/ π*(2.5 mm)2 = 181.891 Mpa
ԐBC = σBC/E = 181.891/50000 = 3.638*10-3

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya

SOLUTION 4.

We see that in order for the punch to cut a hole of 30 mm diameter in the 3 mm thick sheet
metal, the punch must apply a force F across the shaded area shown above.

The area is given by A=π*d*t. Substituting the dimensions of the punch:

Here d = 30 mm and t = 3 mm

A = π* 0* = 282.743 mm2

The Force Needed to Shear the Material is related to the Material Shear Strength as:

σ = F/A
This yields the Required Force (recall that N/mm2 = MPa):

F = 282.743 mm2 * 60 Mpa = 16.965 kN

Mechanics of Material by Ravindra Samariya