ME204/ChBi204 Midterm II Exam May 25 2005 Name: Signature: (NOTE: All books and notes are closed except for the property tables and one page (both sides) information sheet) 1. (11 pts) Explain the following concepts (a) Entropy: Entropy {S « measure fox molecule obisorder oc Molecule readomness The cherge Ky exteepy bo qMen by t _/ 88 eo 2 (788 = i a =i The, Ertopy > © preperty oF te system, ©) Bim Brergy os work poteatiel = the Menten arent of work thet cr be ebtemned os tHe sytter Interects Git Hy envinavnent, ben ec syben, tobe exergy > ded med by X= (E-“) +R (v-%)-7 O-%) where Ue, Po, Ve, To and So cre te trrtemel eeys, pressure, Volume, EE Mperatine and exbropy of the, sypen ander He conddtvons of surroundings.(©) Thermal efficiency: Te thermal eticrnctey = Pested tpt Required input Bn = Wet 2p Gor Sm oe Ban Meet Te (d) The Kelvin-Planck and Clasius statements of the second law of thermodynamics: The Rela Phrel Syate Sent? JE inpossitle fe ony nysen to ope in therrodynenic cycle od dels — ret anevat of werk fo iy secrouday while Neceiviny erenys La Met dooce = SSIES eager The Clesias Setenent 2 Dp sm posible fron SoH operete in such ny Hat Fle 2ele resuh world be on energy ester by heat fren ¢ caoln te o beter beds. (6) Knodtings Tn ote engines, aie cad fuel mitre ressed in cyhinder— ptr ton, device ond te Cyevtren ts normelly Sterted be pet plug. Howener, Since tempereture increases od te mixture ede rixtene Aoy igevhe_ outdone teal, pwhach dy called Lroebing . bro cling Ds Senhry problem anc set on upper Aint For pe compres itn rte, Resisterce t+ bnockmy eesured by Obtene nin ber af the Fat,2. (1 pts) Describe a process that satisfies the conservation of mass and energy principles but does not actually occur in nature. Hent trooper fromm cold plane to bot place. wither were dre on He system. 3. (5 pts) Describe the four processes that make up the ideal Otto and Diesel Cycles. Show both cycles on J —s and P —v diagrams and indicate the processes on the diagrams. Explain how they differ from real cycles. oTT> cycle 1 prot yroor apreouh Pout Lo e tot le Bout Dewepic experstor Wet? combat volnwe honk fe} Com press on Diesel Ones 3 7 2 { s fens Dsenngre comproates Jo rend awh: i tog Gast preaure ent vcbbiton = Compraoten and rag Bu: Tseakraghe expersten are rot penepie u-t* Conslnt valame hent rejection heat adbhen Through combustion — Aont rejects & achat See4. (5 pts) Explain the ways to improve the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle. What are the limitations? 1/ Trier cooley ane cehenting . Limtaten sh cost. 2/ Trerease the top fenpertare . Linite tion is Aoterte| Strength end le polke Hon. 3/ Peduce the exhowt terpertee. Linvte tin He. environmentel kenpermtace : 4/ Cogeneretven . Lin aebes 5 te ef fesency of te. hoe tb excheryer 5/ Conbned ger ttre [stem turbo cystens, / Use of ehust geser fee ot. promees howebold ele. seh o (5 pts) A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1000°C and rejects the waste heat to a sink at 50°C. If heat is supplied to this engine at a rate of 100 kJ/s, compute the maximum possible power output of this heat engine Ton Corse #« Trey ai FOreFs = 0. F462. (009 + 273, IT ~ Get. ret mere ee = 0.3062 ( On 5. Whedon = OPEL ¥ (100 LT) = 74.62. I 16. (5 pts) A refrigerator is removing heat from a cold medium at 3°C at a rate of 7200 kJ/h and rejecting the waste heat to a medium at 30°C. If the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is 2, compute the power consumed by the refrigerator. aes. a CoP ee Bon fase Grose ksh) praise Yigg 2 FOK tsth. tena Bu 24609 tSIn= Vew. Weyke = Zz 7. (8 pts) Helium gas is compressed from 20°C and 6.20 m*/kg to 0.775 m?/kg in a re- versible and adiabatic manner. Compute the temperature of helium after compression. (The ratio of specific heats of He is 1.667) 4 kt 2) <. yy <> Tae (#4) “TA SFr 2 (tbt422) () = 11h Fe Zagot.8. (6 pts) An apple with average mass of 0.15 kg and average specific heat of 3.65 kJ/kg-°C is cooled from 20°C to 5°C. Compute the total entropy change in the apple. s-o. 130 ley. Coat Bluysc) fous ly) 20.0 285 DS emas se 9. (5 pts) In an ideal Bryton cycle, air is compressed from 100 kPa and 25°C to 700 kPa. Under the cold-air-standard conditions, compute the thermal efficiency of this cycle. 1 a “ne t= 15.6 LT hes B) The woth dee clans thy prcers > deterninel fan tle closed syste trergy be hice Abr = Ext Wa ~- Aa = Au =a -1) <0 Wat Gour = 25.4 A