Pathology of diseases of infancy and Childhood

1. A 30-year old woman undergoes treatment for infertility and conceives triplets (3
foetuses). At normal term delivery, one of the three foetuses is found to be grossly
reduced in size while the other two are normal.
Which of the following phenomenon has occurred?
a. Malformation
b. Sequence
c. Deformation
d. Disruption

2. A new born baby, soon after beginning feeding, regurgitates all fluids and aspirates
milk into the lungs. On endoscopy, there is complete blockage at the lower end of the
oesophagus.
Which of the following terms best describes this phenomenon?
a. Atresia
b. Agenesis
c. Aplasia
d. Hypoplasia

3. Which of the following is a foetal factor responsible for foetal growth retardation?
a. Single umbilical artery
b. TORCH infections
c. Chromosomal abnormality
d. Preeclampsia

4. A new born baby develops severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and dies
despite treatment. At autopsy, the lungs show microscopic changes depicted in the
picture attached.
Which of the following is the most likely ethology of RDS in this neonate?

a. Meconium aspiration
b. Diaphragmatic hernia
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Hyaline membrane disease
5. Identify the gross abnormality displayed in the brain of a newborn child.

a. Haemorrhage
b. Kernicterus
c. Edema
d. Infarction

6. A 2-year old child undergoes surgery for a large adrenal tumor. On microscopic
examination it is diagnosed as neuroblastoma.
Which of the following histologic features will indicate a good prognosis for this
tumor?
a. Neuroblasts
b. Ganglion cells
c. Mitosis
d. Calcification

7. A full term baby has to be delivered by caesarean section as a growth is noticed in the
sacral region on ultrasound examination. An image of the new born baby is displayed.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Hamartoma
b. Teratoma
c. Choristoma
d. Lymphoma