INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES,

JAMSHORO
Subject: Signals & Systems Year: 3rd Term: 5th
Lab Handout – 03

Name: _________________________________ Roll No: ____________________

Score: __________ Signature of Tutor: ______________ Date:________________

To generate basic signals in MATlab

Lab Objective: To generate following signals in Matlab:

 Sawtooth wave
 Square wave
 Exponential Signals
 Sinusoidal signals

Sawtooth wave: To generate Sawtooth, following command will be used in Matlab:

A*sawtooth(fo*t + w);

Where
A= amplitude.
fo =fundamental frequency (measured in radians per second).
w=phase shift (measured in radians).

Example#01: Generate a sawtooth wave with amplitude of 1 unit, a frequency of 2 Hz or (4p

radians per second) and a phase shift of p /4 radian.

Program:
A=1;
fo=4*pi;
w=pi/4;
t=0:0.001:1;
y=A*sawtooth(fo*t+w);
plot(t,y);

Square wave: To generate Square, following command will be used in Matlab:

A*square(fo*t + w);

Where
A= amplitude
fo =fundamental frequency (measured in radians per second)
w=phase shift (measured in radians).
Example # 02: Generate a square wave with amplitude 1, fundamental frequency 10p
radian per second (5 Hz) and phase of 5p

Program:
A=1;
fo=10*pi;
w=5*pi;
t=0:0.001:1;
sq=A*square(fo*t + w);
plot (t, sq)
axis ([0 1 -2 2])

Discrete Time Square wave: To generate a discrete time signal, we may use the stem command.
stem(n,x)

Example #03: Generate and plots the discrete time square wave, with frequency p/4 radians
per second, phase shift p/8 radians and amplitude = 1 unit.

Program:
A=1;
fo=pi/4;
w=pi/8;
n=-10:1:10;
x=A*square(fo*n + w);
stem(n, x)

Exponential Signals: There are two types of exponential signals: decaying exponentials and
growing exponentials. The MATLAB command for decaying exponential and growing
exponential is
B*exp(-a*t);
B*exp(a*t);

Example #04: Plot the signal: x(t) = 5e-6t

Program:
t=0:0.01:5;
b=5;
a=6;
y=b*exp(-a*t);
plot(t,y,'r-')
grid

Generation of Sine & Cosine sequence: To generate these two sequences use the following
commands:
sin(2*pi*t);
cos(2*pi*t);

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Example#05: Generation of sine sequence:

Program:
t=0:0.01:pi;
y=sin(2*pi*t);
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,y);

Example#06: Generation of cosine sequence:

Program:
t=0:0.01:pi;
z=cos(2*pi*t);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,z);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
xlabel(‘n ’);

Lab Tasks:

1. Generate and plot the discrete time square wave, with frequency p/2 radians per
second, phase shift p/4 radians and amplitude = 3 unit.

2. Plot the signal: y(t) = 3e5t

3. Generate two Sine and two cosine waves with different color line on the same figure
by using subplot command.

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