Image

Difference Between Bitmap and Vector

(With Table)
They say a picture is worth a thousand words. Our social media
world is filled with images. Marketing agencies are also realizing the
importance of using graphics and visuals to expand their business.

The reason is that visuals attract the audience more than anything.
Our brain perceives quickly to information in the images. So a good
graphic with colors and design has become essential for marketing
and content strategy.

There are different types of graphic formats and they have their
advantages and disadvantages. Two most commonly used types of
graphic are bitmap and vector graphics

Bitmap vs Vector
The difference between bitmap and vector is that bitmap images
are made up of dots called pixels. A pixel is the smallest square that
is combined to form a whole image.
 Vector images are made up of lines and curves that are combined
to form a whole graphic. They use objects like circles and polygons
to make a whole illustration.

If you zoom out bitmap images, you can see the pixels and the
image starts to blur out. But if you zoom out vector images, the
image does not blur out but stays smooth.

One format has certain advantages and disadvantages over the

other. Some other features that differentiate between bitmap and
vector graphics are given in the comparison table below.

 
Comparison Table Between Bitmap and Vector (in Tabular
Form)
Parameter of
Comparison Bitmap Vector

A type of graphics that are made

up of small elements called A type of graphics that are
Definition pixels. made up of lines and curves.

Formats .jpg, .gif, .png, .psd, .tiff .ai, .svg, .ps, .eps, .svf
Elements It uses pixels. It uses geometric shapes.

Resizing the image affects its Resizing the image does not
Resolution resolution. affect its resolution.

This type is suitable for This type is suitable for

Suitable for photographs. logos, clip arts, and icons.

It can be edited using Adobe It can be edited using Adobe

Software program Photoshop. Illustrator.

Comparatively larger than vector Comparatively less than

File Size images. bitmap images.
Bitmap File Format with abbreviation
.png
PNG is a popular bitmap image format on the Internet. It is short for “Portable Graphics
Format”. This format was created as an alternative of Graphics Interchange Format
(GIF).The file format is meant to store bitmap data. PNG was developed around 1995 by an
Internet working group led by Thomas Boutell
.psd

PSD (Photoshop Document) is an image file format native to Adobe's popular

Photoshop Application. It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple
image layers and various imaging options. PSD files are commonly used for
containing high quality graphics data.
Format Creator: Adobe Inc.
.tiff
Tagged Image File Format, an image format that has been commonly used for print since
its introduction. The TIFF format was developed in 1986 by an industry committee chaired
by the Aldus Corporation (now part of Adobe Software). Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard
were among the contributors to the format.

Vector File Format with abbreviation

.ai

An AI file is a proprietary, vector file type created by Adobe that can only be

created or edited with Adobe Illustrator. It is most commonly used for creating logos,
illustrations and print layouts.
.svg

SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics. SVG defines vector-based graphics in XML
format.
.eps

EPS file format is short for Encapsulated PostScript. It was created by Adobe back
in 1992. It's a standard graphics file format intended for placing images or drawings
within a PostScript Document. Basically it's a postscript program saved as a single
file.
.svg
Serial Vector Format is a file format that contains boundary scan vectors to be sent to an
electronic circuit using a JTAG interface.

Color Models in Computer Graphics

by mayankjtp | Dec 13, 2019 | Computer Graphics | 0 comments
“Color model is a 3D color coordinate system to produce all range of color through the
primary color set.” There are millions of colors used in computer graphics. The light
displays the color. A Color model is a hierarchical system in which we can create every
color by using RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
models. We can use different colors for various purposes.
 The total number of colors displayed by the monitor depends on the storage capacity of
the video controller card.
The Video controller card is used as an interface between the computer system and the
display device. It is also known as “Video Random Access Memory (VRAM).”
Types of Color Model
The basic color model is divided into two parts-

 Additive Color Model: It is also named as “RGB model.” RGB stands for Red,

Green, Blue. The Additive color model uses a mixture of light to display colors. The
perceived color depends on the transmission of light. It is used in digital media.
For Example– Computer Monitor, Television etc.
 Subtractive Color Model: It is also named as “CMYK Model.” CMYK stands
for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black. The Subtractive model uses a reflection of light
to display the colors. The perceived color depends on the reflection of light.
The CMYK model uses printing inks.
For Example– Paint, Pigments, and color filter etc.
 Advantages:
1. Easy to Implement.
2. It uses color space for applications.
3. No transformation for data display.
Disadvantages:
1. We cannot transfer the color values from one to another device.
2. Complex to determine the particular color.
Color Look-Up Table
The color Look Up table is a technique or process to convert a range of input colors into
another range of colors. It is also called as “CLUT.” The color Lookup table has existed
in the graphics card. Graphics Card is also called “Display Adapter.” The Color Look-
Up table provides us various colors that are used to modify the color of the objects.
Either we can use the colors available in the palette, or we can create the colors of our
choice in the color window.
In image processing, the lookup table is used to change the input into the more required
output format. The Color Look-Up table is used to store and index the color value of an
image.
 Look Up File: The Look-Up file is a two-dimensional table that is used to contain the
data. The Look Up data is stored in a disk file.
Color Palettes: The color palettes are defined as mathematical tables used to
determine the color of the pixel that is displayed on the screen.
In the Macintosh Operating system, it is known as “Color Look-Up table.”
In Windows operating system, it is known as the “Color palette.”
It is used to stores a set of bytes instead of the color of the image.
Advantages:
1. Easy to modify.
2. Space Efficient.
Disadvantages:
1. It does not maintain any changes in the history.
2. There is a need to determine and maintain the reference.
Direct Coding
“Direct Coding is a technique or process which is used to provide a certain amount of
memory storage space for a pixel to encode the pixel with the color.”
For Example– If we assign one bit for each primary color to 3-bit for each pixel. This 3-
bit representation allows the two intensity levels of each primary to separate: 0(Off) or
1(On),then each pixel can occupy one color out of eight colors that are similar to the
corner of the RGB color cube.

Bit1: Red Bit2: Green Bit: Blue Color Name

0 0 0 Black

0 0 1 Blue

0 1 0 Green
 0 1 1 Cyan

1 0 0 Red

1 0 1 Magenta

1 1 0 Yellow

1 1 1 White

Mostly 3 bytes, or 24 bits per pixel are used in industries and companies, with 1 byte for
each primary color. We can allot each primary color to have 265 different intensity levels,
similar to binary values from 00000000 to 11111111.
The color of the pixel can be 265 x 265 x 265 or 16.7 million. The representation of black
and white, the grayscale image, needs just 1 bit per pixel. The bit value 0 represents
black, and 1 represents white. The direct coding technique is simple, and it also supports
various applications.

Dithering
If you start out with a 24-bit scanned image that contains millions of colors and need to reduce it to an
8-bit, 256-color image, you get the best replication of the original image by dithering