19. na. 12, 13, 7. 18, 19, ACTS Kenew Centr APOLLON = Chesinry (Chup 1 ~ Clinical Chemistry Question ee akg pF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY . | : By Apollon et.al. CHAPTER 1 ~ Chemistry Questions Clinical Chemistry Questions A volumetric pipette has an accuracy of: 1 AL 110 8. 1:100 ©.1:500 2. 4:1000 A pipette with a bulb close to the delivery tip is used (oF viscous Muids and is called a: A. Mahe pipette + C. Lewis-Daha pipatie B. Volumetric pipette 0. Osiwald-Folin pipette The eiched sings on the top of pipette means: A. The:pipette should be allowed to drain and the iast drop should remain in the pipette 8. The last drop is to be Dlown out atler the gipeltes drains C._ The pipette is color corte + D. The pioetle is a volumetric pipette Standard solution from wihich 98.95% of the chemical can be retrieved are refered to as: A. Secondary standards ©. Lyophilized standards 8. Primary standards D. Preset standards. ‘When preparing solutions: ‘A. A percent solution can be prepared from a volumetric soiution B.A volumieric solution can be prepared from a percent solution C. A triple beam balance and cylindar are nacessaty !n the preparation of any type of solution D._ Only aa analytical balance can be useU in solution reparation A solution in which the molecules of sotuta in solution are in equilibrium with excess undissolved molecules is referved to os: : A. Dilute 8. Concentrates ©. Saturated D. Supersaturated Pure water has a pH of: A. 68 8.7.0 7.4 D.9.0 1X19” N solution of hydrochloric acid (HSN) has a pH of: aA 4 8.6 C8 B42 ‘The statistical term that most specifically describes analytizat precision ig the: A. Mode, ~ 8. Mean C. Median D. Coefficient of variation ‘Quality control should be Used with efi procedures to duterminl A. Accuracy B. Reliatilly C. Precision D. Coofficient of variation DELETED A procedure has a 2 SO, veriation from a mean value. How many values from a nomial pupulation will the 2 SD include: . A. 68.27% 8. 84.76% * ©. 95.45% D, 99.73% Material with physical and chemical properties closely resembling the fest spaciwen aid containing concentrations of the substances being measured is knovit as: A. Control B. Standard Caliorater D. Reference solution ‘Optical density, according to Beer's law, ts: 7 A. Inversely proportional to the concentration 8. Directly proportional to the concentration C. Proportional to the square of the cuncenttation D. Proportional to the square root of the concentratior . The vifference between Serum and plasma is that serum cies not contain: A." Thrombin 8. Fiorin ©. Fibvinagen D. Calcium Two contol sera are desirable for each general chemistry procedure. Which of the:'s combinations would bo appropriate? ‘A. Mean of normal range and abnormal (high) C. Low normal range and abnon'al (low) 8. High normal range and abnormal (high) . Abnormal (low) and abnormal! (nigh) ‘Sovium Muovide ig usod in specimen collection to: A. Provent glycolysis ©. Chelate calcium =, 8. Prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin D. Bind calcium ; Zhe concentration of oxalate recommended to te used as an anticoagulant, In mg/mL blood, Is A 12 8.24 C.46 0.68 Elllenedianine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) works as ailicoagubant by: A. Chelating calcium B. Preventing conversion of prothrombin to thrombin ©, Fomning an insoluble coripiex with calcium D. Binding magnesiumee eee APOLLON = Chemistry (Chap 1 Clinical Chemistry Question. Yage2 oF 10 20, The venipuncture site for a routine puncture is commonly cleaned with: 7 A 90% alcanal : 70% alcohol 2 B. BETADINE (Purdue-Frederick) ©. Quaternary ammonium compounds 21, The one precaution to be followed with a speciinen for bilzubin determination ¥S 19: A. Refrigerate CC. Protect trom light B. Cap and refrigerate D. Freeze immediately 22, Which of nese substances cannot be preserved by freezing? A. Blood urea nitrogen G. Lactic denyarogonase ‘ B. Creatine kinase isoenzyme D. Prostatic acid phosphatase 23, Serum iron should be drawn at the same time on successivo dayste av A. Diurnal variation ©. Effect of medication B. Chance of consumption of dietary iron . Gastrointestinal absorption of iron 24, Which of the proteins is soluble in water? A. Albumin B. Beta globulins ©. Gamma globulins _D. Histones 25. The alpha-amino acids constitute the basic building blocks of proteins. The amino acids are joined together to form a chainike structure through: E ‘A. Disulfide bonding __B. Hydrogen bonding _C. Covalent bonding _ 0. Peplida bonding 28. Which of the four elements in proteins differentiate this class of substances {rom carbohydrates and lipids? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen, C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen 27, Which amino acid cannot rotate polarized light? A. Cystine B. Glycine ©. Histidine ©. Thionine 28. Proteins may become denatured when subjected (0 mechanical agitation, heat, or extreme chemical treatment. Denaturation of proteins zefers to an: A. Alteration in primary structure . Alteration in tertiary structure B. Alteration in secondary structure D. Increase in solubility 29, The hemoglobin measurement technique employed (or blows donors is A. Refractive index C. Flotation technique of Philips. 8. Hemoglobin electrophoresis D. Falling drop technique 30, The ration of velocities of light in two different media refers to the: ‘A. Density gradient . Rotation nf polarized light B. Refractive index ’ Uttraviolet absorption 31. The most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 I A. Alpha; globulin 8. Albumin ©. Beta globulin D. Gamma globutin 32, Proteins are dipolar or zwitterion compounds containing both positive end negative charges. When a protein is at ‘soelecttic poet, the protein will have a ‘A. Net zero charge B. pH of 7.0 G., Net postive charge. Nel negative charge 33, Svedberg (S) number refer to protein’ A, Blecteoptioresis B. Flotation C. Precipitation D, Ultracentnfugation 34. The mecroglobulins belong to what sedinentatian class? AL 4.58 8.7.05 C. 12.08 0. 19.08 35, As urine is heated, a precipitate appears at 60 C and d'sappears at 10C C, The substance present is a: A. Macroglobul B. Cryegiabulin €. Bence Jones protain D. Proteas” 36. The process of separating albumin from globulins using) sodium sulfate is known as: A, Floatation B. Protein precipitation C. Salling out D. Ultracentrfugation 27. The conversion of protein ritragen contant to protein content depends on the factor: A. 6.25 8.6.54 0.983 0.6.78 38, Which of the following is NOT true of the biuret reaction’? A. . Follows Beer's tau (cr a ressonable range of protein 8. Depends on the presence of at least two peptide linkages. C. Is relatively free from int rference by lipids ond hemoglobin D. 1s insensitive to the low protein levels‘of urine" 39. In acute renal failure which nonprotein ritrogen rises the fastest? A. Uric acid B. Bloo- urearnitrogen ©. Creatinine 9. Creatine 40, \vhy is bromerese! purple the preferred Indicator for albumin dye binding technics? A. It ends itself fo manual ané automated procedures best B. it never binds with alpha and bea globulins . it'can be employed with heparinized plasma D. There is tess interference from pigment 41. ‘hich reagent is employed in the serum protein determination? A. “Molybdenum olue B.Femiferrocyanide —_C, Resorcinol-HCl D. Biuret 42. Hemolyzed serum should not be used for total protein becaus: ‘A. Hemoglobin is absorbed at the same wavelength as protein of biuret reagent, B. Of elevated protein amounts in red blood cells as compared to serutn ; TC. Hemogiabin reacts with biuret reagent he value will be falsely lowered idity in serum is associated wilh the presence of: A. Cholesterol B. Chylomicrons G. Free faily acids, Total lipids 44. Giycoproteins and mucoproteins are usually bound to: A faclose and sucrose G. Galactose and mannose 8. Lactose and mattose D. Cucuse and sucrose 4£, All ofthe follewing are yycoproteins, ex“ept A. Cenulopiasmin B. Follicie stimulating hormo © Fitanegen D. Cryoglubutin46. 47. 48, 49 50. 92. 83, 54, 56. 58. 57, 88. 59, 60. st. 62 63, 64, 6s. 66. 67. ACIS Keview Center APOLLON - Chemistry Coup 1 Clinical Chominay Qontion Pago oF 10 Which of these statements is not applicable to mucoproteins? A. They are proteins complexed with carbohydrates 2 8, They are related to glycoproteins ©. They contain more than 4% hexosamine D. Hormones and coagulation proteins are inchuted in this class How many iminunoglobu'in classes are currently recognized? , A. One B, Three ©. Four D.Fve When performing an immunoglobulin electrophoresis, thore must be present: + A. Excess antigon i B. Excess antibady and constant trough distance between antibody and antigen ©. Acetate matrix D. Direct current A nonmal serum protein electrophoresis has approximately 80% albumin and 5-10% each of the other 4 fractions, lan electrophoretic pattern shows 30% albumin, 4-10% of other fractions except gamma which is 45%, you would expect what condition to exist in the patient? A. Cirthosis ©. Inflammation 8. Monoclonal gammopathy D. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Which of the following applies to cryogtobulins? A. They are temperature-sensitive proteins 8. The blood specimen should clot at room temperature ©. The sample unit must remain at rom temperature so that precipitation can be obseived ©. Only qualitative tests are available Which of the following statements is true of albumin? A. Compared to globulin, il makes up the lesser portion of total protein 8. Its size prevents its passage through even a damaged glomerular banier ©. itis produced in the liver D. Clinical problems are usually related to high serum values To measure urinary protein you can use: A. Biuret reagent : ©. Bromeresot purple 8. Biuret reagent with trichloroacetic acid pretreatment of urine __D. Bromerasol green An elevated creatinine value is most likely te be accompanied by which of these values? A. Normal uric aci C. Normal blood urea nitrogen 5. Elevated uric acid, 10x creatinine value D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10x creatinine value The conversion factor for blood urea nitrogen Yo ures AL 110 B.2.14 C.3.14 D. 6.25 By the urease method, urea is enzymatically converted to: A. Ammonia B.Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen D. Amino groups Untreated urine can be used for the determination of urea by the diacetyl monoaime method because A, aDialysis in an autoanalyzer reinoves interfering substances B, The method is not measuring ammonia ©. The increased temperature destroys ihe ammonia D._ Zinc does not interfere Urinary creatine may be elevated in which of the following? A. Kidney failure 8, Cirrhosis of the liver C. Muscle destruction ©. intestinal blockage ‘The measurement of creatinine is based on the formation of a yellovered color with: , A. Alkaline picrate 8. Ehtiich’s reagent —C. Phosphomolybdate D. Titan yellow The classic creatinine reaction is that of A. Jaffe B. Lloyd C. Kjeldahl D. Nesster The specificity of the Jaffe reaction can be enhanced by: A. Adsorption with Lioyd's reagent C. Prior treatment with urease 8. Boiling : D. Prior treatment with uricase A.isease state associated with an elevation of serum uric acid Is: A. Atherosclerasis B. arthritis ©. Diabetes D. Gout The most common reagent employed in uric acid methodology by alkaline oxidation is: A. Potassium permanganate C. Potassium persulfate 8. Phasphotungstic acid D. Hysrechlaric acid (HCD The uricase method for uric acid assay depends on: ‘A. Ultraviolet absorption peak at 290 nm before and alter treatment with uricase 8. Collection of evolved gas after uricase treatment C. Increase in absorption after uricase treatment, ©. Measurement of biue-vialet color 1 The most precise method for amino acié determinations: A. Isothermal distillation C. Alkaline oxidation B. Gasomettc ninhydrin reaction D. Color develooment with Berthelot reagent The urea clearance testis an indication of A. Overall kidney function © Tubular function 8. Tubular reabsorption D. Glomerular fitration ‘The creatinine clearance is based on the assumption that creatinine: ‘A. Passes into the ultrafitrate C. Is converted to creatine 8. Is retained in the blood D. !s passively reabsorbed by the kidney tubule Which of the clearance tests offers the most accurate ineasure of glomerular fitration? A. Inulin 8. Creatinine ‘Liteon, D. paminonippurate (PAH)66. 69, 70, n 12, 73. 74, 15, 76. 7. 78. 80. a 82, 63, 84, 85 86. 87, 88, 89, 90 Chap 1 Clinical Chemistry Question. Tage ori which tne clearance tests otters the best measure of tubular function? ¢ A. Croatinine 8. Inulin C. p-aminohippurate (PAH). Urea A creatlhine clearance test Is performed. The 24-hour volume of urine is 770 mL; seruin creatinine is 2.0 mgldL. ‘and ufija creatining is 240 mg/dL, What is the clearance expressed in mL. plasma cleared per minute, assuming average body surface? A. 6.0 8.39.4 ¢. 60.0 D. 924.0 The usual determination of osmolality involves measu;ement of ‘A. pCO, and pOz B. Na’ and K" ©. Electrolytes 0. Freezing point depression Which éf the following is true of blood glucose’? A. The renal threshold is 200-240 mg/d. B. Once excreted in the glomerular filtrate, glucose niust be excreted in the urine . Ahigh blood glucose must be associated with a positive urine glucos» D. In the glucose tolerance test (GTT), one may be faced with a normal blood glucose, accompanied by a Positive urine glucose =~ Patients with borderline blood glucose levels are further investigated by performing: A. Postprandial sugar (PPS) C. Inulin tolerance test B. Fasting blood sugar ©. 3 hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) The test that gives a two {o three (2-3) month picture of a diabelic's glucose leve's is: ‘A. Heimogiobin Ay G. Hemoglobin Ay 8. 2 hour postprandial sugar D. 3 hour glucose tolerance test Which of the following precautions is necessary to ins sre validily of the glucose tolerance test? A. A 150 granvday carbohydrate diel for 3 days prior to the test B. A fasting state before glucose is given C. No undue stress before or during the test 0. Allofthe above Contamination of the gluc>se reagent with catalase is a problem with which glusose method? ‘A. Alkaline cupric ion reduction (neocuproine) C. Glucose oxidase. 8. Alkaline ferric ion reduction (Ierricyanide) . D. Hexokinase ‘The hexokinase methodology for glucose determination is based on: A. Reduced coenzyme read st 340 nn 8. Rose-pink color of oxygen-o-diansidine C. Peroxidase acting upon H,0, teieased from glucose D. Protein-free fitrate Proteins are precipitated by which of the following reayents in the Fatin-Wu metod? ‘A- Tungstic acid 8. Tricnlcroacetic acid €. Sulfuric acid D. Hydrochloric acid The interfering reducing suostances in the Folin-Wu glucose methcd may be removed by: A. Dialysis ©. Zinc-barium precipitation 8. Tungstate precipitation D. Heating ‘ : In the copper reduction method for glucose, measurable color is developed through te formation of: A. Copper sulfate ©. Copper-cobsalt complex 8. Molybdenum blue D. Phosphomolytdenum The most frequent'y employed aulomated method for glucose uses: A. Coupled enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidase and catalase 8. Reduction of alkaline cupric ion C. Adcition of molybacnum blue D. Reduction f alkatine ferricyanide to ferrocyanide =, When sugars are separated by chromatography, the application of anisaldehyde/sulturic acid/ethyl alcohol spray will dentiy galactose as what color spot? A Blue B. Grey ©. Green D. Yellow Seliwanotfs test detects: = EB A. Dextrose B. Glucose ©. Lactose D. Fructose Xyiose excretions helpful in the determination of A. Intestinal malabsorption ©. Pancretic secretion B. Renal clearance D. Liver faiture Prehepatic blicubin has which of the following for a protein carrier? A. Albumin B. Alpha globulin ©. Beta glob ‘An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of: D. Gamma glebutin A. Bile acid build-up ©. Hemoglobin breakdown 3. Lipid accumulation D. Gamnia globulinemi Direct reacting bilirubin is: A. Free bilirubin . Bilirubin digiucuronide 8._ Bilirubin bound to albumin D. Bilirubin bound to red blood cells Bilicubin is converted in the intestines to which of the following: ‘A. Porphobilinogen B. Hemoglobin . Urobiinogen D. Phospholipid Which of the following will interfere with the Evelyn and Malloy method for bilirubin? A. Lipemia B. Hemolysis ©. Anticonvulsants. Alcohol ‘The “port wine” color of some urines can oe attibuted to: A. Porphyrins 8B. Melani ©. Red blood cells. Bilirubin Para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a constituent of which reagent? A. Ehwlich B. Salkowski ©. Drabkin D, Bloora 92. 93. 94. 95, 96. 97. 98, 99. 100, 108 102, 108. 104. 105, 106. 107 108, 109, ‘APOLLON -chemry {Cap iia Chemity Question Tage 3 oF 10 Both porphobilinagen and urobilinogen form a red-colbred compound with Ehrlish’s reagent. Differentiation gan be obtained by: ‘A. Solubility of porphobilinogen in chtoroform . Difference in UV absorption Ss 8. Solubility of urobilmogen In water D. Solubiity of urobilinogen In chlorofonn Bilirubin will develop a violet color after which of the foliowing is added: A. Hydrochloric acid ©. Methyl alcohol 8. Ehriich’s reagent D. Van den Beigh’s reagent A.urine specimen that exhibits yellow foam on being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of: A. Ketones B. Glucose ©. Bilirubin, D. Nitrite An enzyme may be defined as a/an: A. Biological catalyst C. Metal catalyst B. Inorganic catalyst D. Large molecule of biological impr. : Hemolysis will interfere with all of the following enzyme measurements except: A Alkaline phosphate ©. Aldolase B. Lactate dehydrogenase D. Aspartate aminotransferase A nigh alkaline phosphatase leve! in the presence of other negative liver function tests is indicative of A. Obstructive jaundice ©. Carcinoma of the liver 8. Hepatitis, D. Hemolytic disorder A metal ion is sometimes necessary in an enzymatic reaction to: ‘A. Act as an activator of the enzyme. C. Regulate pH ‘ B._Pemmit the colorimetric reaction to occur D. Inhibit competing enzymes Which of the following is true of an isoenzyme? A. The substrate is different form each isoanzyme B. The rate of reaction is the same for each enzyme witt ils own substrate C. The electrophoretic property is different for each isoenz ytnee D. Any of a group of isoenzymes will react the same to heat denaturation AS the temperature is increased frum 25 C to 37 C in the aspartate aminotransterase reaction, the activily of the reaction, A. Almost doubles B. Is halved C. Is tripled D. Is reduced to zero The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by: ‘A. Substrate concentratio? 8. Substrate concentration and rate of dissociation of enzyme-substrate complex C. Temperature, pH and substrate concentration D. Temperature and pH In a zero order reaction, there will be no further inerease in velocity because: A. There is no excess’substrate "GC. All enzyme is bound to substrate 7 B. The temperature is 35 C D. There is excess enzyme Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of A. Starch B. Gelatin ©. Glycerides D. Sugar ‘Which of the following is true of the isoenzyme LO-1. Itis: ‘A. The slowest moving of the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes electrophoresis B. The most positively cl.arged fraction ©. Ahesi-labile fraction D. Presentin the greatest amount in normal heart tissue Lactate + NAD — Pyruvate + NADH. The catalyst in the reaction ‘A. Asparale aminotransferase (AST) C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LOH) B. Aldolase ©. Alanine aminotransferase (Al.1) _,. Serum creatine kinase is clinically significant in diseases of the: A: Pancrease B: Liver C. Muscle * 0. Gonads Creatine kinase is frequently elevated in disorders such as acule myocardial infarction (Ml) and: ‘A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy C. Cirhosis, B. Acute hepatitis D. Infections The kinetic or rate enzymatic methodologies, optinal density decreases as: ‘A. Triphosphopyridine mucleotide (TPN) is changed to triphosphopyridine nucleotide reduced form (TPNH) B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is chanjed to nicotinamide adenine dinuclectide - reduced form (NADP; : ©. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — ceduced fort (NADP) is changed to nicotinamide adenine dinucletide (NAD) D. Geric ion is changed to ceraus In myocardial infarction, the clinically significant enzymes are: ‘A. Creatine kinase, aspa.ate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase . B. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase C. Aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase D." Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotiansfarase, aldolase During a suspected myocardial infarction, you should perform creatine pnosphi kinase suenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes to demonstrate the: A. MB fraction of creatine kinase ang LO-5 8. MB fraction of creatine kinase and the LD 1-2 flip, C. LD-5 and LD-3 ©. 89 fraction of creatine kinase and LO-1110. 112, 113, 114, >">" coa> or” > 116. 118, 119, 120. Cenap t~ Clinical Chenintey Quetion ; Tass 6 of 10 In muscular dystrophy, the clinically significant enzymes are Creatine kinase, aldolase, aspartate aminotranstrsase 6 Alanine aminotransferase. aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase Aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase Ceruloplasmin js an alpha, globulin tnat binds: Copper B. Cobalt ©. tron ©. Manganese Possibly the most sensitive enzyme indicator of liv2r function, particularly in obstructive jaundice, Alkaline phosphatase ©. Acid phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase ©. Lactate dehydrogenase + In acute viral hepatitis, which of the following would NOT be suspected? Alkaline phosphatase increase greater than aspartate aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase ~ 5 increase Gamma-glutamy\ transferase increase, mild ' Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine mino\sansterase increase 10 to 200 - fol! ‘What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase? 3.0 8.5.0 c.7.0 0.9.0 The clinical significan, : of an elevated acid phosphatase is: Renal disease B. Pancreatic disease _C. Bone disease D. Prostatic disease UW an acid phosphatase test cannot be performed immediately after collection, how should the serum be treated? . ¥ Acidity to pH of 2 B.Freeze —C.Capandtreeze _D.. Either acidify or freeze Tests for acid phosphatase detect levels of the enzyme from tissues such as: Bone, liver, spleen, kidney, erythrocytes and platelets Bone, liver and kidney Muscle, spleen, and platelets Liver, spleen, prostate, and platelets The substrate for the Cherry ~ Crandat ipase method is: iycoride B. Nitrophenyl acetate C. Olive of ©. Starch Because icnized calcium can be changed without affecting the total calcium level, what other parameter’ ‘must be known to property evaluate calcium? : pH B. Phosphorus C. Magnesium ©. pH and protein ‘The classic Clark = Cotlip method for calcium is based on the assumption that calcium will be: A. Precipitated as calcium carbonate B. Precipitated as an oxelate and convertad to an oxide C. Chelated with EDTA ©. Precipitated as an oxalate and converted to oxalic acid In the titration of calcium oxalate with potessium permanganate, the temperature must be maintained et: com> > >"pom> A 146 e.a7c ©. 60-80 6. D109 A low paratt:yroid hormone ievel will cause a: ‘A. Low serum phosphorus ©. Low serum ealclum 8. High urine caicium level O. High serum calcium ievei In the compleximetic titration (EDTA) method for calcium, the pid must be adjusted to prevent: A. Incomplete precipitation of calcium ©. A reversible color change 8. Interference ty magnesium D. Co-binding of phosphors ‘What is ihe purpose of lanthanium in the atomic absorption determination of calcium? Lanthanium: ‘AIS involved in starting up ine instrument C. Will bind calcium B._ Is part of the hollow cathode discnarge tube “D. Will bind phosphate All of the following can cause low chloride levels, EXCEPT: A, Diabetic acidosis. Renal failure ©. Prolonged voniiting D. Detiydration Inorganic phosphate can be Ueterinined fiom a cormbination of trichloroacetic acid fitrate and: : Stannous chloride C. Tungstate 8. Glacial acetic — suituric acid D. Molybdate Ala pH of 7.4, most of the inorganic phosphate in ihe plasma is in which fonn? A, HPOs B. PO: C.H:PO. D.P:05 A phosphorus value of 2.5 mEq/L. would be how many mg/dL? (ALW. P=31)? A 43 8.52 C.85 0.25 .._ The colorimetric method for magnesium employs wnich reagent? , A. Molybdate B, Calcium oxalate. Titan yellow D. Bhydroxy-5-quinoline The first step in the Serum iron metnod involves: ‘A. Break up of the iron ~ protein complex . Audion of excess iron for protein to absorb: 8. Reaction of iron with a chromogen D. Measurement of amount of free serum iron The major exiraceilular cation is A. Chloride B. Manganese ©. Potassivin . Sodium The major intracellular cation I A. Chiorige 8, Manganese ©, Potassium D. Sodium Which of these potassium values would be termed hypokalemic? A. 3.0 moll. 8. 4.0 mmol 6.4.7 mmoi. 0.1.5 mow What is the internal standard when sodium and potissium are measured by flame photomatry? A. Calcium 8. Lithium © Magnesium D. Copper In the classic Schales and Schales (mercurimetric itration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with the indicator to form a violet color? A HaCh B. HNO, C. Excess Ho" DaAPOLLON - Chen istry Chap 1 Clinical Chemistry Question Yano? of 10 196. In the coulometric- amperometric method for chloride, the amount of chloride is measured by. . ‘AgC! produced + ‘A. Time needed to reach the titration endpoint B. Amount of current needed to generate Ag” C. Rate of generation of current D. Time needed to reach the titration endpoint 197. In gasometric analysis of CO>, the liberated gas is absorbed with A. Lactic acid B. Hydrochloric acid C. Sulfule acia D. Sodium hydroxide 138. What is the purpose of capryic alcohol in the gasometric method for CO;? To: ‘N. Prevent foaming ©. Absorb CO, B. Release CO, D. Maintain the atinospheric pressure at @ constant value 199. "The normal pH of blood is: is ‘A 6.50~7.50 B.7.05-7.35 C 738-745 0. 7.45~7.85 140. Which of the following is the Henderson ~ Hasselbulch equation? A. pKy= pH+ log dissociated salt C.pH= pK.+ (Ad undissociated salt (HA) B. pH= pK,+ log undissociated salt 7. pH = pk, + log dissociated salt (A-) 7 dissociated sat ‘undissociated seit (HA) 141. The ratio of bicarbonate: carbonic acid in normal glasma is A 4:20 8. 5:1 C. 10:1 0.20:1 142," Most of the CO in the blood is present in which form? ‘A. Dissolved CO; €. Calcium carbonate B. Bicdrbonate ion . Ammonium carbonate 143. What will happen if blood is exposed to air during collection for pH and vlood gas studies? A. CO;content increases _B. pH decreases ©. PO; decreases. pCOs decreases 144, "the glass electrode of the pH instrument is coated with protein, the pH value will be: A. Too hig B Too low G. Unchanged D. Variable 145. Which of the following is true of the pCO; electrode? A. Only charged particles ean cross the membrane , 8. Both charged and uncharged particles can cross the membrane ©. The actual pH of the sample has no effet D. There is no cabration available for the electrode because gase’ are involved 148, _ The wavelength at which oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin have tie same absorbance is referred to as the: A. Differential point 8. Isoelectric point. C_ Equivatence point _D. Equilbration point 147. Which of these statements is appropriate for the piotting of a concentration curve? On: ‘A. Serri-log paper, plot % units on y axis ard standard concentration on x axis 8 Semi-iog paper. plot standard concentration on y axis and absorbance on x axis . Linear grach paper, plot absorbance on x axis and standard concentration on y axis. ©." Linear graph paper, plot absorbance on y axis and % an T on x avis 148. When performing spectrophotometer quality control checks, the holmium oxide glass filter is used to assess: A. Straylight B. Linearity, Absorbance accuracy . Waveleng:n accuracy 149. For the ultraviolet range, which of these must be employed in the spectropiotom vier? A. Diffraction grating ‘8. Glass prism C. Quartz cuvette. Tungsten lamo 180." Measurernent by flame ohotometry involves: ‘A. Absorption of energy wnen an element is ionized B. Electrometic titration = C. Colorimetsicanalysis D. Emission of a color when an element is burned 151. Atomic absorption spectrescopy is based on the measurement of: ‘A. Light given off by excited atoms 8. Light absorbed at wavetength of rescnance iine by unexciled atoms C. Energy emitted by ultraviolet treated atoms D. Energy emitted by infrared treated atoms 152. What is tha light source in alomic absorption inst-umentation? ‘A. Cathode lamp 8, Flame C. Grating D. Prism 183. "Quenching is a ¢'sadvantage encountered ir gal Fluoromety B. Atomic adsorption C. Flanie photometry. Nephelometry 154 ‘To achieve the best levels of sensitivity and specificity, a type of detector system that a gas chromatograph may be coupled to is a/an: A. Fluoresecnce detector C. Biciromatic spectrophotometer B. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer ©. Mass spectrophotometer . 155, Automated chemistry systems, whether discrete or continuous fiow, must include: ‘A. Unknown, reagent, mixing of the previous two mentioned ingredients, reaction analysis, calculation ana reporting of results 5. Unknown, mixing, incubation, calculation, and reporting cf resulls C. Standards, mixing, incubation, and reporting of results ©. Unknown, mixing, incubation, and reporting of results 156. fan isotope has a halflife of 12 hours and an activity of 2¢ milficuries (mC), what will be its activity in 38 hours: A. 3mGi B.6mci Cc. 9 mei D. 12 mci197, 156, Match the following types of instruments with the description: 1. Minures can be separated Into Individual compounds to be measured on the basis of differences in thelr Q@~” physical characteristics 2. Anaiytes are measured ‘" a sémple by means of tubing diameter and flow rate 3. Samples and reagents are pipetted into curveties,:read in a photometer and results are calculated 4. Light absortied by an element is converted into the concentration of the element 5. The light emitted by an element as i falls from a nigh energy state to a low energy state is converted into the concentration of the element ‘a. Atomic absorption ©. Flame photometry e, Chromatography b. Discrete processing system . Continuous flow analysis 159, The major binding protein for T-4 is: ‘A. Albumin C. Thyroid binding prealbumin (TBPA) 8B. Thysoid-binding globulin (8G) D. None, T-4 is free in plasma 160. What purpose does iodine Serve in the protein-bound lodine (PES) methodology? ‘A. Holds organic iodine in the protein-bound state B. Acts as a catalyst in the ceric-arsenite seaction ©. Gompensates for loss of inorganic iodine in the washing stage 2 ©. Keeps mercury from suppressing the color reaction 161. A T-4measured as iodine is 1.8 mcg/dL. To who! thyroxine value is it equivalent? A 140 8.2.75 C.3.60 0.5.40 162. tn T-4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA), the more thyroxine piusent in the patisr’s serum: ‘A. The more the amount of radioactive-labeled ihyroxine beund 10 antibody &. The less the amouit of radioactive-labelee inyroxine bound to antibody GC. The less free radioattive-labeled thyroxine to be absorbed ©. Aang : 163," T-2 uptake is actualy a measurement of A 5.1.4 c. 186 ©. Free thyroxine 168.” The following tests are good indications’ of hypothyroidism: except: ‘A. T-Suptake ©. Total T=4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA) 8. Free T-4 by radioimm.noassay (RIA) D. 7-3 by radioimmunoassay (RIA) 185. Which of the steroids is identified 4s an 18-carbun compound that possesses a phenolic “A* ring? ‘A. Adrengcontcal steroids . Estrogens 8. Androgens D. Progesterone 168, Ths estrogen with the greatest concentration in urine is: AL Estat 8. Estraciof ©. Estrone D. Progesterone 167. The standard for 17-ketosleroir determinations is: 4. Testosterone B. Progesteror C. Dehydroepiandrosterone —_D. Aldusterone 168. Which of the fofowing is true regarding piegnanediol? itis: ‘A. AC-19 compound C. Manutactuied in the adrenal medulla 8. The excretion product of progesterone D, Altered in the adrenal medu'a 169, Whici of the following is true ot steraias? i ‘A, Thay are excreted as hormones rather than metabulites ©. There is no differential value for male and female ©. They are lipids D. They contain the 21 carbon atoms of the cyctopenianoperhydrophenanthrene ring 170. What is tho hormone thot controls thy reabsorption of sodium in tha kidii0y? A. aldosterone —B. Alcohetdetydrogerase —_C. Estrogen 0. Growth hormone 171, The Kober reaction refers to the pink color resultin from tha combination of hot concentrated sulfuric acid and extracted: 4. Estrogens B. Androgens * C.Cortivostéroids—_D. 17-ketosteroids 172. The rich extraction for astrogens inyolves the rez geat: ‘A, Phenylnydrazone ——_B. p-nitrophenol C.m-dinitiobenzene _D. Sodium bismuthate 173. The Porter Silber reactions employs phenyttydraz'ne (9 detect: A. Estrogens B Corticosteroids _C. 17-kelosteroids —__D. Catecholamines 174,” The Zimmerman determination of 17-ketosteroids 's based on reaction with: A. Acelic anhydride ©. Meta-dinitrobenzene B. Ehriich’s reagent D. Potassium ferricyanide 175. For tho measurement of 17-ketogeric steroids (17-nydroxyconicosteroids), prior treatment with what reagent is required? A. medigifrobenzene —__B. Hot sulfuric acid}. Sogium bismuthate_! ©. Chloroform 176. Catecholainines are secreled by fhe: || A. Kidney B. Pituitary G. Adrenal cortex 0. Adrenal medulla 177, Whig ofthe flowing is a metabolite of epinephrine? A. 17-Kelosierois 5 C. Vanillylmandelic acid B. Follicle stimulating hormone D. Thyroid stimulating hormone 178. A two-hour pregnancy lest can measure: ‘A. Androgens C. Estrogens B. Chorionic qonadotropins, beta subunit D Progesterone Concentrated sullunc acd has a noiinality of A 12 8.18 c.10 0.96APOLLON = Chemistry Chip 1 ~ Cincal Cheminry Question Page of 10 179, Which ot these statements is true of an immunological test for pregnancy? ‘A. Only first morning urine specimen is suitable q 8. With the agglutination inhibition method, the presence of ayglutination means a negative test, C. Drugs do not present a problem with interference D. The hormone level in the urine detectable by this inethod steadily increases efter the first twa weeks of gestation : 180. _ Which subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) will give a very specific radioimmunoassay test for the measurement of iCG7 A. Alpha 8, Beta c.Gamma 0. Celta 181. Which of the following specimens is/are used for pregnuncy tests? ‘A. Cerebrospinal fluid B. Blood . Urine 0. Band C 182. An ectopic pregnancy is one that occurs in the: ‘A. Stomach B, Urethra .Fallopiantubes —_D. Ovaries. 163. Human chorioni¢ gonadotropin (hCG) is secieted by the: ‘A. Thymus gland 8. Placenta ©. Ovary D. Ureter 184. The highest level of human chorionic gonadotrcpin (hCG) occurs in which iimesstor of preanancy? A. Firsttimester 8. Secondtrimoster C. Third timester DD. NCTA 185. A glycoprotein consis!ing of two nonidentical noncovalently bound subunits is: + ‘A. Estrogen . Androgen B. Progesterone ©. Human chorionic gonadotropin 188. Some commercial kits now available for pregnancy tesis incorporate which of the following? ‘A. Monoclonal antibodies, C. Heterophile antibodies . Forssman antibodies D. Opsonins 187. To produce reliable results, at which time should blood specimens for lipid studies be drawn? ‘A. 2—4 hour fasting C.8~ 10 hour fasting 8. 6-6 hour fasting D.12~ 16 hour fasting 188. The reagent for color development in the Liebermann-Burchard seaction for cholesterol is: A. Sulfuric acid C. Glacial acetic acid/sulturic acid B. Acetic anhydride/sutfuric acid D. Feiric chioridevethanot 189. Which of the statements applies to B'oor's reagent? It ‘A. Provides for color deve pment in the cholesterol methods 8. Is composed of ethanol and ether in a ratio of 311 C. Campensates ‘or the otherwise unequal coler measuremeni resulting from free and esterified cholesterol D. Comperssates for possible water contamination of the reagents 190. The purpose of the saponification step in Some cholesterol methods is to A. Break the protein-lipid bond &. Precipitate the protein ©. Convert esters to free cholesterol so that aii measured cholesterol is of the same type D. Romove the error of nonspecific chromogen interference 191. The purpose of the digitonin in cholestaro! methodology is the: ‘A. Precipitation of free cholesterol C. Color developer B. Precipitation of esterified cholesterol D. Reagent for extraction 192, In which of these ciinical conditions niay blood cholesterol be increased? ‘A. Hypothyroidism ©. Lupus erythemaiosus ‘ 8. Mainuirition D. Pancreatic cancer 193. ‘Which of the following is the Friedewald formula by which low density lipopretcin (LDL) cholesterol can be estimated? (TC = total chovesterol, TG = triglycerides, PL = phospholipids) A. LOL cholesterol = TG ~ (TG/5'+ HEL cholestero}) B. LOL cholesterol = TC - (7G + PL) C. LDL cholesterol = TC—"% HDL cholesterol ©. LOL cholesterol = HOL - TC ‘ 194, When evaluating a coronary risk index for a patient you should now the total cholesterol and: ‘A. Totallipids ©, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol B. Triglycerides D. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol 195, Most triglyceride procedures involve measurement of i A. Felty acids B. Glycerol ©. Lipoprotein D. Phospholipids 198. Which of these lipids has the lowest density? . A. Alpha lipoprotein ©. Chylomicrons 8. Beta lipoprotein D. Pre-teta lipoprotein : 197, The more current kinetic methods for the quantitation of serum triglycerides employ enzymatic hydrolysis. ‘The enzymatic hydrolysis of tiglycerides may be accomplished by what enzyme? A. Lactate dehydrogenase 8.Lipase —C. Aldolase D. Amylase 198. The migration sequence, from the origin, of lipoproteins is: ‘A. Chylomicrons, beta, pre-beta, alpha ‘©. Alpha, beta, pre-beta, chylomicrons, 8. Chylomicrons, pre-beta, beta, alpha D. Chyiomicrons, alpha, pre-beta, beta 199, Diseases of which system are associated with elevated beta lipoprotein values? A. Pulmonary B. Cardiovascular. —_C, Gastrointestinal D. Connective tissue 200. Which statement is true for the oral route of drug administration? &. Drug action occurs mest rapidly whien taken orally 8. The oral route of adininistration is the most reliable, ©. The oral route compensates for drug solubility protiemns D. Patient compliance is not always reilable