GLOBAL CULTURE & TRANSITIONS

BRAINSTORMING SESSION

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GLOBAL CULTURE & TRANSITIONS

WHAT IS CULTURE?
The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow, or
cultivation and nurture. "

As per the Oxford dictionary, culture is the way of life of a people, including their attitudes, values, beliefs, arts, sciences, the symbols that they
accept, modes of perception, and habits of thought and activity.

E. B. Taylor defined culture as that complex whole, including knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired
by man as a member of society.

Culture is defined as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through
socialization. These shared patterns identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.
ASPECTS OF CULTURE

culture is a pattern of behaviour

culture is learned

culture is transmitted from one generation to the next

THREE CORE LAYERS/COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

● Material Component ( Explicit )

● Non- Material Component ( Norms & Values )
● Cognitive Component ( Implicit )
Explicit Culture

Norms & Values

Implicit Culture
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Culture is Abstract Culture cannot be seen, only human behaviour can be seen.

Culture Includes Attitudes, Values, and Knowledge. Thinking that the ideas, attitudes and notions are “our own”. The differences might also be cultural.

Culture also Includes Material Objects All the things first existed in a “state nature.” Human merely modified their form, changed them from a state in
which they were to the state in which he now uses them.

Culture is Shared by the Members of Society The patterns of learned behavior and behavior results are possessed not by one or a few people, but usually by a
large proportion.

Culture is Super-Organic It implies that the same physical objects and physical characteristics, in other words, may constitute a variety of
quite different cultural objects and cultural characteristics.

Culture is Pervasive Culture is pervasive; it touches every aspect of life. Culture pervades individual actions, social activities and
institutions.
 It includes explicit and implicit designs for living, which tends to be shared by all or specially designed members
Culture is a Way of Life of a group. Explicit culture refers to similarities in word and action, which can be directly observed. mplicit
culture exists in abstract forms, which are not quite obvious.

Culture embodies the ideals and norms of a group. It is the sum-total of the ideal patterns and norms of behavior
Culture is Idealistic of a group. Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals and institutions that the members of
society profess and strive to confirm.

Culture is Continually Changing There is one fundamental and inescapable attribute (a special quality) of culture, the fact of unending change.

language is a vehicle for people to communicate with their peers and convey meaning into their social
Language is the Chief Vehicle of Culture and cultural reality. To a certain extent the way we think and interpret things is shaped by the morals,
attitudes, traditions and whole way of living in the community we grow up in.

Culture is Integrated This is known as holism, or the various parts of a culture being interconnected. All aspects of a culture are related
to one another, and to truly understand a culture, one must learn about all of its parts, not only a few.

This simply means that cultures interact and change. All cultures change. Otherwise, they would have problems
Culture is Dynamic
adapting to changing environments.
 Language,
Jargons &
Metaphors
Attitude Norms
Material Education
Culture

ELEMENTS
Stories,
Myths, and Rituals OF Symbols Physical
Artifacts
Legends CULTURE

Ceremonies Shared Beliefs

and Customs and Values
Behavioral
Celebrations and
Norms
Manners
Values
LEVELS OF CULTURE

1
The Individual Level
The Group Level 2

3
The Organizational Level
The Regional Level 4

5
The National Level
Important words

Culture Universals The Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies. Example- Family Unit,
the concept of personal names and jokes, music etc.

Ethnocentrism Evaluating or judging another culture based on how it compares to one’s own cultural
norms.

Cultural Imperialism The deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture.

Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences of new
Culture Shock
culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration.

Practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the
Cultural Relavitism
lens of one’s own culture.
Androcentricism A perspective in which male concerns, male attitudes, and male practices are presented
as normal or significant and value in the culture.

Multicultarism Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures within
one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity.
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
The growing economic interdependence of countries across different boards through the increasing volume and variety of 'cross border' transactions in
goods and services and of international capital flow as well as through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.

Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, politics, environmental policies, and
military capabilities.
 GLOBALIZATION IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL PHENOMENON

PROMOTES GLOBAL INTERACTION, INTERDEPENDENCE & INTERCONNECTION

GLOBALIZATION IS INEVITABLE AND IRREVERSIBLE

Story of Globalization
● Phase 1: Humanising the globe (300,000 BCE–10,000 BCE)
● Phase 2: Localising the global economy (10,000 BCE–1820 CE)
● Phase 3: Globalising local economies (1820–1990)
● Phase 4: Globalising factories (1990–present)
3 perspectives of Globalization

The Hyperglobalist The Skeptical The Transformationalist

Which Perspective is yours and why?

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

To figure out 5 pros and 5 cons of Globalization affecting the society at different levels.
INTERACTION OF GLOBALIZATION & CULTURE
CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION
local cultures experience continuous
transformation and reinvention due to
the influence of global factors and
forces.
CULTURAL HETEROGENIZATION/ HYBRID SCENARIO
MULTICULTURAL
co-existence of diverse cultures, continuous process of mixing and
where culture includes racial, blending cultures
religious, or cultural groups and is
manifested in customary behaviours,
cultural assumptions and values,
patterns of thinking, and
communicative styles.
Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is the way in which society deals with cultural diversity, both at the national level and the community level.

Sociologically, multiculturalism assumes that the society as a whole benefits from increased diversity through harmonious
coexistence of different cultures.
 Industrial Globalization

Financial Globalization

Economic Globalization

Political Globalization

Informational Globalization

Cultural Globalization

Ecological Globalization

Social Globalization
What kind of world we live in?
Cultural globalisation refers to the rapid movement of ideas, attitudes, meanings, values and cultural
products across national borders. It refers specifically to idea that there is now a global and common
mono-culture – transmitted and reinforced by the internet, popular entertainment transnational
marketing of particular brands and international tourism – that transcends local cultural traditions
and lifestyles, and that shapes the perceptions, aspirations, tastes and everyday activities of people
wherever they may live in the world’
https://youtu.be/x1wLbJoSmR0
WHAT IS GLOBAL CULTURE?
Global culture is a set of shared experiences, norms, symbols and ideas that unite
people at the global level.
According to A.D. Smith, the very famous british sociologist and late professor at London school of
economics:

-Global Culture- -Global Culture-

Culture devoid of is Planetary

memory (Concept of universality)

-Global Culture- -Global Culture-

is cosmopolitan is timeless
Are we moving towards a single culture or one culture for all the inhabitants of the planet where
the system of cultural diversity will be replaced by the global culture?One world- One culture?

https://youtu.be/lEhyAOunq28
FACTORS PROMOTING GLOBAL CULTURE

SUBCULTURES INSTITUTIONAL PROCESS LANGUAGE

MEDIA FOOD CONSUMER CULTURE

RADIO & MUSIC INDUSTRY SPORTS FASHION

FILM AND TELEVISION THE GLOBAL VILLAGE UNESCO

PRINT MEDIA THE GLOBAL CONSCIOUSNESS BUSINESS

TOURISM, MIGRATION & TRADE PROFESSION GAMERS