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    6 views12 pages

    Apying Concepts in Problem Solving

    Uploaded by

    JohnKennethPrescillaSilloriquez

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    APPLYING THE NORMAL CURVE CONCEPTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: * apply the normal curve in solving word problems; and develop habits of reasoning using the normal curve concepts. Bhzrins Point You have learned how to deal with probabilities and show them in graphical tepresentations. How well can you apply these in dealing with some common problems? You will learn the rudiments in this lesson. Check your readiness first. ENTRY CARD A. Sketch the normal curve for each of the following 1. Below 70% 2. Above 30% 3. Betweenz=-1 andz=1 B. Modify the following formula to solve for X: cats o ae oe s of the normal curye, there are situ want to know the corresponding raw score. for the z-score to determine the raw score. f is ___ Let us look at the procedures applying the normal curve concepts following problems. Class Activity 1 Understanding Test Results Read the problems and their illustrated solutions. Discuss the answers to the problems using the analysis q Supply the missing parts of the solution, if any. s ionwi est i thematics are norn Example 1. The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mat distributed with }1= 80 and o = 15. Find the raw score such that 70% the cases are below it PB oalysis Questions: r What are the given? What are you going to find? What is suggested by the given (6 help you solve the problem? How can the application of the normal curve concepts be useful? The problem involves a normal distribution. So, we can apply the normal cu concepts to solve the problem. The expression 70% implies that we are given the and that we are looking for a raw score. We can find this by determining first th corresponding z-score from the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve, If 70% cases lie below the raw score, then 30% of the cases are above it. You can choose probability to deal with. In this exa mple, 30% is selected. i NS ‘Sketch the diagram of a normal curve Find the difference of the between | 0,5000 and 0.3000, ae 4, Find the area 0.2000 or the value nearest to itin the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve. r 5, Find the z-value that corresponds to Z= 0,52 « the area 0.1985 0.1985. 6, Find a computing formula for determining cs raw scores. erg 7. Modify the formula to solve for X. X=ptzo 8. Substitute the given values in the modified | X = + zo formula to solve for X. X= 80 + (0.52)(15) X= 87.8 = 88 9. Make a concluding statement. In the distribution, 70% of the scores are below the score 88. Example 2. In the same problem, what is the score that divides the distribution such that 99% of the cases is below it? The score in question is to the right of the mean. Using 1% seems more convenient than using 99%. Steps 1. Sketch the diagram of a normal curve. . Selecting 1%, express this as area. This is | 1% is the same as 0.0100. the area to the right of the z-value that we want to locate. |. Find the difference of the areas 0.5 and —_| 0.5000 - 0.0100 = 0.4900 0.0100. |. Find the area 0.4900 or the value nearest | The nearest area is 0.4901. toitin the z-table. . Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.4901. 5, what are the scores that bound the middle 95% of the distribution? Analysis Questions: 1. What percent is left at the tails of the distribution? 2, What areas do you need to solve this problem? 3. What normal curve model applies here? There is an area of 25% or 010250 above and below the middle 95% of the distribution. To determine the scores, which bound the middle 95%, we must first find the z-score values associated with them. Then, compute the raw scores, }2- Five percent (6%) is lef at the wo tals of [5% he same as 0105, di |. Express it as area, Ths is the area tothe right ofthe z-value that we ‘Find a computing formula for determining raw scores, eiony he mula sve fork "7" [Xe pr arand Keyra oe 10. Substitute the given values in the modifi ” formula to solve for X. mn ee ibe ven ForX= + (2)o Ke Xe In the distribution, the scores that bound the middle 95% are. and 11. Make a concluding statement. a Class Activity 2 Using Probabilities to Determine Frequencies We have stated earlier that the area under the curve indicates either a percentage or a proportion of measurements. Such percentage also represents the percentage of scores in the distribution. To illustrate this concept, let us consider the following example. Example: Given 10 000 scores in Biology. The distribution of scores is not shaped with 1 = 100 and o = 14. The raw scores that correspond to z-score value are obtained by using the formula X = 1+ zo. 1. Draw the normal curve as follows. 2. At the right of the mean, the raw score that corresponds to z = That is, X = 100 + (1)(14) or 114. ‘The raw score that corresponds to z = 2c is 1 + 2a, That is, X = 10 = 128. Finally, the raw score that corresponds to z= 3 is 1 + 30, (3)(14) = 142. “a z-scores 3 RawScores 53 Figure 2.17. A Normal Curve with z Scores and Raw Scores We can also calculate the number of scores in each section under the norm curve. From Figure 2.17, we can see that 34.13% of the scores are contained betw 100 and 114. If we multiply this area by 10 000, we get the number of Scores in # section of the distribution that corresponds to the scores 100 and 114. Since 0.3413 x 10 000 = 3413, this means that there are 3413 scores between the two scores. Similarly, 13.59% of the scores lie between 114 and 128. Again, this is 0.135% 000 = 1359 scores. Proceeding in a similar manner, there are 215 scores betwe and 142; and 13 scores are greater than 142. For the other half of the distributio Scores are between 86 and 100; 1359 scores are between 72 and 86; 215 scores a and 72; and 13 scores are below 58. _To determine the area between the mean and specific points, we simply use # The weights of 1000 children average 50 kj g and the standard de ) kg. How many children weigh between 40 and 55 kg? a Use the , ee See For the raw score that corresponds to z= 1, ad Correspond tothe six | x = 59 + (1)(6) = 55. For the raw score that corresponds to z= 2, Eee For the raw score that corresponds to z= 3, T For the raw score that corresponds to z =—1, a) SEE — For the raw score that corresponds to z= 2, X=50+(-2)(6) = 40. For the raw score that corresponds toz=-3, see ‘Show this in the sketch in Step 1. 3. Place the raw scores under the corresponding z-scores. . What z-score corresponds to 40? 3. What z-score corresponds to 55? Find the total area between the z-values that correspond to 40 and 50. Multiply the total area by 1000 (the total number of children). Round up to the nearest whole number. Make a concluding statement. 2. Girlie makes fruit bars. She claims that her products 90 calories per bar. Variations in the quality of ingr a standard deviation of calorie col content follows the normal curve. ae |2. Find the z-scores that correspond to 90 and 100 calories using eee For 90 calories, 2 = eon 90 = 19 52 a 90 For 100 calories, 2 = 13. Place the 2 scores at the base of the formal curve drawn in Step 1. [4 Using the z-lable ind the probability |__between2 = 0 andz = 1.92 ‘5. Multiply: 0.4726 x 1000 Round off the answer. This is done in Step 1. P(0

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