INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER-1

1.Abstract

Online Faculty Evaluation system is the web

based feedback collecting system from the students and provides the automatic generation
of a feedback which is given by students. We have developed Online Faculty Evaluation
system to provide Feedback in a quick and easy manner to the particular department. We
have named it as the Online Faculty Evaluation System (OFES) which delivers via the
student staff interface as an online system. With the help of this application, we can give
feedback through this online system much faster than the existing paper feedback system.
The existing system takes more time to get the feedback from the students, thus the online
Faculty Evaluation system is implemented. Students will fill feedback using a standard
form provided online. This feedback is about the course structure, topics in the course,
assigned faculties of the course, etc. Special care has been taken to provide the security in
the proposed system as only the authentic user is able to see the collective feedback of a
batch of the students and can also get to know about the collective opinion. Student
feedback on courses is also an essential element in quality assurance. Questionnaires are of
huge importance in the dialogue with the students, since these questionnaires are the best
tool currently available for collecting objective, detailed, and reasonably systematic
information on a wide range of questions, which informs the teacher about student’s
perception about the course – its strengths and weaknesses. Responses are gathered and
analysed on behalf of the department by this system and will be used for the purpose of the
quality enhancement. The aim of this system is to save time and also to decrease human
load and efforts.

2
REVIEW OF INFORMATION

3
 CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF INFORMATION

2.1 Problem Outline:

Online Faculty Evaluation system is the web based feedback collecting system from the
students and provides the automatic generation of a feedback which is given by students.
Feedback will be useful when the questioners are appropriate so those questions should be
educative in nature and in a timely manner. Those questions should be sensitive to the
individual needs of the student then only we get proper feedback to the lecturers. By this
process student can give feedback in online system without wasting his time in writing.

2.2 Work Division:

The work was split into three areas: front-end design, back-end design actions and mobile
application. The front-end design was done using HTML, PHP, CSS is used to provide
actions to the controller and the application is deployed in a virtual eliminator. The work
was split in this manner because it gets easy to develop a separate layer of the system. The
back-end design was done using MYSQL database for storing users and admins data.
Initially the web-service was assigned as part of the website development.

2.3 Report Outline:

This report is divided into several sections that include background chapter which reviews
general web application development, requirement analysis that covers user requirements
for the web application, design and implementation chapters that covers mobile
development, user testing and evaluation, future work and conclusion which includes a
discussion of certain problems encountered in the project.

4
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

5
 CHAPTER-3

OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Html

Introduction to HTML
Objectives
Understand what is HTML
Understand the usage of HTML
Understand the file naming conventions
Create HTML documents

Introduction
Web pages can be created using HTML, also called as the Internet language. HTML
is the acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. Hypertext refers to the content in a Web
page that includes text, pictures and sound.
HTML is an improved version of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Tim Berners-Lee at Cern designed the original HTML document type in 1990. In 1992,
Dan Connolly wrote the HTML Document Type and a brief HTML specification. Since
1993, cross-sections of people have contributed to the evolution of the HTML specification.
Finally, in 1994, Dan Connolly and Karen Olson Muldrow rewrote the HTML
specification.
Mosaic was the first Web browser and was developed by the National Centre for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign.
Microsoft Internet Explorer was created based on this NCSA Mosaic Browser.

What is HTML?
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. HTML stands for
Hyper Text Markup Language. It specifies the following
➢
HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup
➢
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages
➢
HTML elements are represented by tags

6
 ➢
HTML tags label pieces of content such as “heading”, “paragraph”,
“table”, and so on
➢
Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the
content of the page
The definition of HTML is Hyper Text Markup Language.

➢
Hyper Text is the method by which you move around on the web - by clicking on
special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is
hyperjust means it is not linear-i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever
you want by clicking on links- there is no set order to do things in.

➢
Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain
type of text (italicized text, for example).

➢
HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language.

Prerequisites:
You will need a text editor, such as Notepad and an Internet browser, such as
Internet Explorer or Netscape.
Q: What is Notepad and where do I get it?
A: Notepad is the default Windows text editor. On most Windows systems, click
your Start button and choose Programs then Accessories. It should be a little blue
notebook.
Mac Users: SimpleText is the default text editor on the Mac. In OSX use TextEdit
and change the following preferences: Select (in the preferences window) Plain text
instead of Rich text and then select Ignore rich text commands in HTML files. This
is very important because if you don’t do this HTML codes probably won’t work
One thing you should avoid using is a word processor (like Microsoft Word) for authoring
your HTML documents.

HTM or HTML Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension.
The .htm extension comes from the past when some of the commonly used

7
software onlyallowed three letter extensions. It is perfectly safe to use either .html or .htm,
but be consistent. mypage.htm and mypage.html are treated as different files by the
browser.

How to View HTML Source

A good way to learn HTML is to look at how other people have coded their html
pages. To find out, simply click on the View option in your browsers toolbar and select
Source or Page Source. This will open a window that shows you the actual HTML of the
page. Go ahead and view the source html for this page.

HTML Tags
What are HTML tags?
HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements
HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and>
The surrounding characters are called angle brackets
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The text between the start and end tags is the element content
HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

Logical vs. Physical Tags

In HTML there are both logical tags and physical tags. Logical tags are designed to
describe (to the browser) the enclosed text’s meaning. An example of a logical tag is the
<strong></strong>
tag. By placing text in between these tags, you are telling the browser that the text has some
greater importance. By default, all browsers make the text appear bold when in between the
<strong> and </strong> tags.
Physical tags on the other hand provide specific instructions on how to display the text they
enclose. Examples of physical tags include:
<b> : Makes the text bold.
<big> : Makes the text usually one size bigger than what’s around it.
<i> : Makes text italic.

8
Physical tags were invented to add style to HTML pages because style sheets were not
around, though the original intention of HTML was to not have physical tags. Rather than
use physical tags to style your HTML pages, you should use style sheets.
HTML Elements
Remember the HTML example from the previous page:
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
This is an HTML element:
<b>This text is bold</b>
The HTML element begins with a start tag: <b>
The content of the HTML element is: This text is bold
The HTML element ends with an end tag: </b>
The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold.
This is also an HTML element:
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is
bold</b> </body>
This HTML element starts with the start tag <body>, and ends with the end tag </body>.
The purpose or the <body> tag is to define the HTML element that contains the body of
the HTML document.

Nested Tags
You may have noticed in the example above, the <body> tag also contains other
tags, like the <b> tab. When you enclose an element in with multiple tags, the last tag
opened should be the first tag closed. For example: <p><b><em>This is NOT the proper
way to close nested tags.</p></em></b><p><b><em>This is the proper way to close
nested tags.</em></b></p>

9
Note: It doesn’t matter which tag is first, but they must be closed in the proper order.

Why Use Lowercase Tags?

You may notice we’ve used lowercase tags even though I said that HTML tags are
not case sensitive. <B> means the same as <b>. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C),
the group responsible for developing web standards, recommends lowercase tags in their
HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML (the next generation HTML) requires lowercase
tags.

Tag Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the
HTML elements on your page. The <tag> tells the browser to do something, while the
attribute tells the browser how to do it. For instance, if we add the bgcolor attribute, we can
tell the browser that the background color of your page should be blue, like this: <body
bgcolor=” blue”>.
This tag defines an HTML table: <table>. With an added border attribute, you can
tell the browser that the table should have no borders: <table border=”0”>. Attributes
always come inname/value pairs like this: name=”value”. Attributes are always added to
the start tag of an HTML element and the value is surrounded by quotes.

Basic HTML Tags

The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and
line breaks.

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 Basic HTML Tags Tag Description

<html> Defines an HTML document

<body>
Defines the Document’s body

Defines header 1 to header 6

<h1> to <h6>

<p> Defines a paragraph

<br> Inserts a single line break

<hr> Defines a horizontal rule

Defines a comment
<!-->

Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading while
<h6> defines the smallest.
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
<h4>This is a heading</h4>
<h5>This is a heading</h5>
<h6> This is a heading</h6>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading. A useful
heading attribute is align.
<h5 align=”left”>I can align headings </h5>
<h5 align=”center”>This is a centered heading </h5>
<h5 align=”right”>This is a heading aligned to the right </h5>
Paragraphs Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. Think of a paragraph as a block of
text. You can use the align attribute with a paragraph tag as well.

11
 <p align=”left”> This is a paragraph</p>
<p align=”center”>this is another paragraph</p>
Important: You must indicate paragraphs with <p> elements. A browser ignoresany
indentations or blank lines in the source text. Without <p> elements, the document becomes
one large paragraph. HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a
paragraph.

Line Breaks

The <br> tag is used when you want to

start a new line, but don’t want to start a
new paragraph. The <br> tag forces a
This Code Would Display
line break wherever you place it. It
is similar to single spacing in
a document.

<p>This <br> is a para<br> graph with This

line breaks</p> is a para
graph with line breaks

Comments in HTML

The comment tag is used to insert a This Code Would Display

comment in the HTML source code. A
comment can be placed anywhere in the
document and the browser
will ignore everything inside the brackets.
You can use comments to write notes
to yourself, or write a helpful message to
someone looking at your source code.

<p>This html comment would <!-- This is This html comment would be displayed
a comment-->be displayed like this.</p like this.

Other HTML Tags

As mentioned before, there are logical styles that describe what the text should be
and physical styles which actually provide physical formatting. It is recommended to use
the logical tags and use style sheets to style the text in those tags.

12
Logical Tags Physical Tags Tag Description

<abbr> Defines an abbreviation

<acronym> Defines an acronym

<address> Defines an address element

<cite> Defines a citation

<code> Defines computer code text

<blockquote > Defines a long quotation

<del> Defines text

<dfn> Defines a definition term

<em> Defines emphasized text

<ins> Defines inserted text

<kbd> Defines keyboard text

<pre> Defines preformatted text

<q> Defines a short quotation

<samp> Defines sample computer code

<strong> Defines strong text

<var> Defines a variable

<b> Defines bold text

<big> Defines big text

<i> Defines italic text

<small> Defines small text

<sup> Defines superscripted text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<tt> Defines teletype text

<u> Deprecated. Use styles instead

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HTML Character Entities
Some characters have a special meaning in HTML, like the less than sign (<) that
defines the start of an HTML tag. If we want the browser to actually display these
characters, we must insert character entities in place of the actual characters themselves.

The Most Common Description Entity Name Entity

Character Entities: Number
Result

Non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;

< Less than &lt; &#60;

> Greater than &gt; &#62;

& Ampersand &amp; &#38;

“ Quotation mark &quot; &#34;

‘ Apostrophe &apos; (does| &#39;

not work in
IE)

A character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name or an entity
number, and finally a semicolon (;). The & means we are beginning a special character,
the ; means ending a special character and the letters in between are sort of an abbreviation
for what it’s for. To display a less than sign in an HTML document we must write:&lt; or
&#60; The advantage of using a name instead of a number is that a name s easier to
remember. The disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names, while
the support for entity numbers is very good in almost all browsers.

Non-breaking Space
The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space &nbsp;
Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you add 10 spaces in your text,
HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the &nbsp; character entity.

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HTML Fonts
The <font> tag in HTML is deprecated. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3c) has
removed the <font> tag from its recommendations. In future versions of HTML, style
sheets(CSS) will be used to define the layout and display properties of HTML elements.

The <font> Tag Should NOT be used.

HTML Backgrounds
Backgrounds
The <body> tag has two attributes where you can specify backgrounds. The
background can be a color or an image.

Bgcolor
The bgcolor attribute specifies a background-color for an HTML page. The value
of this attribute can be a hexadecimal number, an RGB value, or a color name:
<body bgcolor=”#000000”><body bgcolor=”rgb(0,0,0)”><body
bgcolor=”black”> The lines above all set the background-color to black.

Background
The background attribute can also specify a background-image for an HTML page.
The value of this attribute is the URLof the image you want to use. If the image is smaller
than the browser window, the image will repeat itself until it fills the entire browser
window.
<bodybackground=”clouds.gif”>
<body background=”http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/graphics/clouds.gif”>
The URL can be relative (as in the first line above) or absolute (as in the second line
above).
If you want to use a background image, you should keep in mind:
Will the background image increase the loading time too much?
Will the background image look good with other images on the page?
Will the background image look good with the text colors on the page?
Will the background image look good when it is repeated on the page?
Will the background image take away the focus from the text?

15
HTML Colors
Color Values
Colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation for the combination of red, green, and blue color
values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one light source is 0 [hex #00]. The highest value is 255
(hex #FF). This table shows the result of combining red, green, and blue:
Color Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#FFOO00 rgb (255,0,0)

#0OFF00 rgb(0,255,0)

#O000FF rgb(0,0,255)

#FFFFOO rgb(255,255,0)

#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)
#FFOOFF rgb(255,0,255)

#COCOCO rgb(192,192,192)

#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Color Names
A collection of color names is supported by most browsers. To view a table of color
names that are supported by most browsers visit this web page

Web Safe Colors

A few years ago, when most computers supported only 256 different colors, a list of
216 Web Safe Colors was suggested as a Web standard. The reason for this was that the
Microsoft and Mac operating system used 40 different “reserved” fixed system colors
(about 20 each). These 216 cross platform webs safe color palette was originally created
toensure that all computers would display all colors correctly when running a 256 color
palette.

16
16 Million Different Colors
The combination of red, green and blue values from 0 to 255 gives a total of more
than 16 million different colors to play with (256 x 256 x 256). Most modern monitors are
Capable of displaying at least 16,384 different colors. To assist you in using color schemes.

HTML Lists
HTML provides a Simple way to show unordered lists (bullet lists) or ordered lists
(numbered lists).

Unordered Lists
An unordered list is a list of items marked with bullets (typically small black
circles). An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

Ordered Lists
An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers. An
ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

Definition Lists
Definition lists consist of two parts: a term and a description. To mark up a
definition list, you need three HTML elements; a container <dl>, a definition term <dt>,
and a definition description <dd>.

HTML Links
HTML uses the <a> anchor tag to create a link to another document or web page.

The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute

An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound
file, a movie, etc. The syntax of creating an anchor:
<a href=”url”>Text to be displayed</a>
The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to tell the
address of the document or page we are linking to, and the words between the open and
close of the anchor tag will be displayed as a hyperlink.

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The Target Attribute
With the target attribute, you can define where the linked document will be opened.
By default, the link will open in the current window. The code below will open the
document in a new browser window:
<a href=http://www.austincc.edu/ target=” _blank”>Visit ACC!</a>

Email Links
To create an email link, you will use mailto: plus, your email address. Here is a link to
ACC’s Help Desk:
<a href=”mailto:helpdesk@austincc.edu”>Email Help Desk</a>
To add a subject for the email message, you would add? subject= after the email address.
For example:
<a href- “mailto:helpdesk@austincc.edu?subject=Email Assistance”>Email Help Desks/a>

The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute

The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors,
we can create links that can jump directly to a specific section on a page, instead of letting
the user scroll around to find what he/she is looking for. Unlike an anchor that uses href, a
named anchor doesn’t change the appearance of the text (unless you set styles for that
anchor) or indicate in any way that there is anything special about the text. Below is the
syntax of a named anchor:
A name=” top”>Text to be displayed</a>

HTML Images
The Image Tag and the Src Attribute
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no dosing
tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for
“source”. The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on
your page.

The Alt Attribute

The alt attribute is used to define an alternate text for an image. The value of the alt
attribute is author-defined text:

18
<img src=” graphics/chef.gif” alt=” Smiling Happy Chef”>
The alt attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can’t
load
images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image. It is a good
practice to include the alt attribute for each image on a page, to improve the display and
usefulness of your document for people who have text-only browsers or use Screen readers.

Image Dimensions
When you have an image, the browser usually figures out how big the image is all
by itself. If you put in the image dimensions in pixels however, the browser simply reserves
Space for the image, then loads the rest of the page. Once the entire page is loads it can go
back and fill in the images. Without dimensions, when it runs into an image, the browser
has to pause loading the page, load the image, then continue loading the page. The chef
image would then be:
<img src=” graphics/chef.gif width=”130” height=”101” alt=” Smiling Happy
Chef”>

Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr>
tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for
table data, which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists,
paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

Headings in a Table
Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
This code Would Display

<table border=”1”> Heading

<tr><th>Heading</th> Another Heading
<th> Another Heading</th></tr> Row 1, cell 1
<tr><td>row 1, cell 1</td> Row 1, cell 2
<td>row 1, cell 2</td></tr> Row 2, cell 1
<tr><td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td></tr></table> Row 2, cell 2

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Cell Padding and Spacing
The <table> tag has two attributes known as cell spacing and cellpadding. Here is a table example
without these properties. These properties may be used separately or together.
Table TagsTag Description

<table> Defines a table

<th> Defines a table header

<tr> Defines a table row

<td> Defines a table cell

<caption> Defines a table caption

<colgroup> Defines groups of table columns

<col> Defines the attribute values for one or more

columns in a table

CSS is the language tor describing the presentation of Web pages, including colors,
layout and fonts. It allows one to adapt the presentation to different types of devices, such
as large screens, small screens, or printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be used
with any XMI-based markup language. The separation of HTML from CSS makes it easier
to maintain sites, share style sheets across pages, and tailor pages to different environments.
This is referred to as the separation of structure (or: content) from presentation.

What is Web Fonts?

Web Fonts is a technology that enables people to use fonts on demand over the Web
without requiring installation in the operating system. W3C has experience in
downloadable fonts through HTML, CSS2, and SVG. Until recently, downloadable fonts
have not been common on the Web due to the lack of an interoperable font format. The
Web Fonts effort plans to address that through the creation of an industry-supported, open
font format for the Web (called “WOFF”).

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3.2 PHP

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people found
out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in
1994.

• PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor".

• PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to

manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-
commerce sites.

• It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL,

PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

• PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache

module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very
complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.

• PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP.
PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and
CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first time.

• PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.

• PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Common uses of PHP

• PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read,
write, and close them.

• PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through email
you can send data, return data to the user.

• You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.

• Access cookies variables and set cookies.

• Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

• It can encrypt data.

21
Characteristics of PHP

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible −

• Simplicity

• Efficiency

• Security

• Flexibility

• Familiarity

In order to develop and run PHP Web pages three vital components need to be installed on
your computer system.

• Web Server − PHP will work with virtually all Web Server software, including
Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) but then most often used is freely
available Apache Server. Download Apache for free here
− https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

• Database − PHP will work with virtually all database software, including Oracle
and Sybase but most commonly used is freely available MySQL database.
Download MySQL for free here − https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

• PHP Parser − In order to process PHP script instructions a parser must be installed
to generate HTML output that can be sent to the Web Browser. This tutorial will
guide you how to install PHP parser on your computer.

PHP Parser Installation

Before you proceed it is important to make sure that you have proper environment
setup on your machine to develop your web programs using PHP.

Type the following address into your browser's address box.

http://127.0.0.1/info.php

If this displays a page showing your PHP installation related information then it means you
have PHP and Webserver installed properly. Otherwise, you have to follow given
procedure to install PHP on your computer.

22
This section will guide you to install and configure PHP over the following four platforms

• PHP Installation on Linux or Unix with Apache

• PHP Installation on Mac OS X with Apache

• PHP Installation on Windows NT/2000/XP with IIS

• PHP Installation on Windows NT/2000/XP with Apache

PHP installation on Windows NT/2000/XP with Apache

To install Apache with PHP 5 on Windows follow the following steps. If your PHP and
Apache versions are different then please take care accordingly.

• Download Apache server from www.apache.org/dist/httpd/binaries/win32. You

want the current stable release version with the no_src.msi extension. Double-click
the installer file to install; C:\Program Files is a common location. The installer
will also ask you whether you want to run Apache as a service or from the
command line or DOS prompt. We recommend you do not install as a service, as
this may cause problems with start-up.

• Extract the PHP binary archive using your unzip utility; C:\PHP is a common
location.

• Copy some .dll files from your PHP directory to your system directory (usually
C:\Windows). You need php5ts.dll for every case. You will also probably need to
copy the file corresponding to your Web server module -
C:\PHP\Sapi\php5apache.dll. to your Apache modules directory. It's possible that
you will also need others from the dlls subfolder.but start with the two mentioned
previously and add more if you need them.

• Copy either php.ini-dist or php.ini-recommended (preferably the latter) to your

Windows directory, and rename it php.ini. Open this file in a text editor (for
example, Notepad). Edit this file to get configuration directives; At this point, we
highly recommend that new users set error reporting to E_ALL on their
development machines.

• Tell your Apache server where you want to serve files from and what extension(s)
you want to identify PHP files (.php is the standard, but you can use .html, .phtml,

23
 or whatever you want). Go to your HTTP configuration files (C:\Program
Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf or whatever your path is), and open httpd.conf
with a text editor. Search for the word Document Root (which should appear
twice) and change both paths to the directory you want to serve files out of. (The
default is C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\htdocs.). Add at least one PHP
extension directive as shown in the first line of the following code −

Load Module php5_module modules/php5apache.dll

Add Type application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

• You may also need to add the following line −

Add Module mod_php5.c

• Stop and restart the WWW service. Go to the Start menu → Settings → Control
Panel → Services. Scroll down the list to IIS Admin Service. Select it and click
Stop. After it stops, select World Wide Web Publishing Service and click Start.
Stopping and restarting the service from within Internet Service Manager will not
suffice. Since this is Windows, you may also wish to reboot.

• Open a text editor. Type: <?php phpinfo(); ?>. Save this file in your Web server's
document root as info.php.

• Start any Web browser and browse the file.you must always use an HTTP request
(http://www.testdomain.com/info.php or http://localhost/info.php or
http://127.0.0.1/info.php) rather than a filename (/home/httpd/info.php) for the file
to be parsed correctly

You should see a long table of information about your new PHP installation message
Congratulations!

Apache Configuration

If you are using Apache as a Web Server then this section will guide you to edit Apache
Configuration Files.

Just Check it here − PHP Configuration in Apache Server

24
PHP.INI File Configuration

The PHP configuration file, php.ini, is the final and most immediate way to affect PHP's
functionality.

Just Check it here − PHP.INI File Configuration

Windows IIS Configuration

To configure IIS on your Windows machine you can refer your IIS Reference Manual
shipped along with IIS.

Apache Configuration in PHP

Apache uses httpd.conf file for global settings, and the .htaccess file for per-directory
access settings. Older versions of Apache split up httpd.conf into three files (access.conf,
httpd.conf, and srm.conf), and some users still prefer this arrangement.

Apache server has a very powerful, but slightly complex, configuration system of its own.
Learn more about it at the Apache Web site − www.apache.org

The following section describe settings in httpd.conf that affect PHP directly and cannot
be set elsewhere. If you have standard installation then httpd.conf will be found at
/etc/httpd/conf:

Timeout

This value sets the default number of seconds before any HTTP request will time out. If
you set PHP's max_execution_time to longer than this value, PHP will keep grinding away
but the user may see a 404 error. In safe mode, this value will be ignored; you must use the
timeout value in php.ini instead

DocumentRoot

DocumentRoot designates the root directory for all HTTP processes on that server. It
looks something like this on Unix −

DocumentRoot./usr/local/apache_1.3.6/htdocs.

You can choose any directory as document root.

25
AddType

The PHP MIME type needs to be set here for PHP files to be parsed. Remember that you
can associate any file extension with PHP like .php3, .php5 or .htm.

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

AddType application/x-httpd-phps.phps
AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3 .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php .html

Action

You must uncomment this line for the Windows apxs module version of Apache with
shared object support −

LoadModule php4_module modules/php4apache.dll

or on Unix flavors −

LoadModule php4_module modules/mod_php.so

AddModule

You must uncomment this line for the static module version of Apache.

AddModule mod_php4.c

PHP.INI File Configuration

The PHP configuration file, php.ini, is the final and most immediate way to affect PHP's
functionality. The php.ini file is read each time PHP is initialized.in other words, whenever
httpd is restarted for the module version or with each script execution for the CGI version.
If your change isn.t showing up, remember to stop and restart httpd. If it still isn.t showing
up, use phpinfo() to check the path to php.ini.

The configuration file is well commented and thorough. Keys are case sensitive, keyword
values are not; whitespace, and lines beginning with semicolons are ignored. Booleans can
be represented by 1/0, Yes/No, On/Off, or True/False. The default values in php.ini-dist
will result in a reasonable PHP installation that can be tweaked later.

26
Here we are explaining the important settings in php.ini which you may need for your
PHP Parser.

short_open_tag = Off

Short open tags look like this: <? ?>. This option must be set to Off if you want to use
XML functions.

safe_mode = Off

If this is set to On, you probably compiled PHP with the --enable-safe-mode flag. Safe
mode is most relevant to CGI use. See the explanation in the section "CGI compile-time
options". earlier in this chapter.

safe_mode_exec_dir = [DIR]

This option is relevant only if safe mode is on; it can also be set with the --with-exec-dir
flag during the Unix build process. PHP in safe mode only executes external binaries out
of this directory. The default is /usr/local/bin. This has nothing to do with serving up a
normal PHP/HTML Web page.

safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = [PHP_]

This option sets which environment variables users can change in safe mode. The default
is only those variables prepended with "PHP_". If this directive is empty, most variables
are alterable.

safe_mode_protected_env_vars = [LD_LIBRARY_PATH]

This option sets which environment variables users can't change in safe mode, even if
safe_mode_allowed_env_vars is set permissively

disable_functions = [function1, function2...]

A welcome addition to PHP4 configuration and one perpetuated in PHP5 is the ability to
disable selected functions for security reasons. Previously, this necessitated hand-editing
the C code from which PHP was made. Filesystem, system, and network functions should

27
probably be the first to go because allowing the capability to write files and alter the
system over HTTP is never such a safe idea.

max_execution_time = 30

The function set_time_limit() won.t work in safe mode, so this is the main way to make a
script time out in safe mode. In Windows, you have to abort based on maximum memory
consumed rather than time. You can also use the Apache timeout setting to timeout if you
use Apache, but that will apply to non-PHP files on the site too.

error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

The default value is E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE, all errors except notices. Development
servers should be set to at least the default; only production servers should even consider a
lesser value

error_prepend_string = [""]

With its bookend, error_append_string, this setting allows you to make error messages a
different color than other text, or what have you.

warn_plus_overloading = Off

This setting issues a warning if the + operator is used with strings, as in a form value.

variables_order = EGPCS

This configuration setting supersedes gpc_order. Both are now deprecated along with
register_globals. It sets the order of the different variables: Environment, GET, POST,
COOKIE, and SERVER (aka Built-in).You can change this order around. Variables will
be overwritten successively in left-to-right order, with the rightmost one winning the hand
every time. This means if you left the default setting and happened to use the same name
for an environment variable, a POST variable, and a COOKIE variable, the COOKIE
variable would own that name at the end of the process. In real life, this doesn't happen
much.

28
register_globals = Off

This setting allows you to decide whether you wish to register EGPCS variables as global.
This is now deprecated, and as of PHP4.2, this flag is set to Off by default. Use
superglobal arrays instead. All the major code listings in this book use superglobal arrays.

gpc_order = GPC

This setting has been GPC Deprecated.

magic_quotes_gpc = On

This setting escapes quotes in incoming GET/POST/COOKIE data. If you use a lot of
forms which possibly submit to themselves or other forms and display form values, you
may need to set this directive to On or prepare to use addslashes() on string-type data.

magic_quotes_runtime = Off

This setting escapes quotes in incoming database and text strings. Remember that SQL
adds slashes to single quotes and apostrophes when storing strings and does not strip them
off when returning them. If this setting is Off, you will need to use stripslashes() when
outputting any type of string data from a SQL database. If magic_quotes_sybase is set to
On, this must be Off.

magic_quotes_sybase = Off

This setting escapes single quotes in incoming database and text strings with Sybase-style
single quotes rather than backslashes. If magic_quotes_runtime is set to On, this must be
Off.

auto-prepend-file = [path/to/file]

If a path is specified here, PHP must automatically include() it at the beginning of every
PHP file. Include path restrictions do apply.

29
auto-append-file = [path/to/file]

If a path is specified here, PHP must automatically include() it at the end of every PHP
file.unless you escape by using the exit() function. Include path restrictions do apply.

include_path = [DIR]

If you set this value, you will only be allowed to include or require files from these
directories. The include directory is generally under your document root; this is mandatory
if you.re running in safe mode. Set this to . in order to include files from the same
directory your script is in. Multiple directories are separated by colons:
.:/usr/local/apache/htdocs:/usr/local/lib.

doc_root = [DIR]

If you.re using Apache, you.ve already set a document root for this server or virtual host in
httpd.conf. Set this value here if you.re using safe mode or if you want to enable PHP only
on a portion of your site (for example, only in one subdirectory of your Web root).

file_uploads = [on/off]

Turn on this flag if you will upload files using PHP script.

upload_tmp_dir = [DIR]

Do not uncomment this line unless you understand the implications of HTTP uploads!

session.save-handler = files

Except in rare circumstances, you will not want to change this setting. So don't touch it.

ignore_user_abort = [On/Off]

This setting controls what happens if a site visitor clicks the browsers Stop button. The
default is On, which means that the script continues to run to completion or timeout. If the
setting is changed to Off, the script will abort. This setting only works in module mode,
not CGI.

30
mysql.default_host = hostname

The default server host to use when connecting to the database server if no other host is
specified.

mysql.default_user = username

The default user name to use when connecting to the database server if no other name is
specified.

31
3.3 XAMPP

XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), MySQL (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P). It
is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it extremely easy for developers to
create a local web server for testing purposes. Everything you need to set up a web server
– server application (Apache), database (MySQL), and scripting language (PHP) – is
included in a simple extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-platform, which means it works
equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. Since most actual web server deployments use
the same components as XAMPP, it makes transitioning from a local test server to a live
server is extremely easy as well. Web development using XAMPP is especially beginner
friendly.

What’s Included in XAMPP?

XAMPP has four primary components. These are:

1. Apache: Apache is the actual web server application that processes and delivers web
content to a computer. Apache is the most popular web server online, powering nearly 54%
of all websites.

2. MySQL: Every web application, howsoever simple or complicated, requires a database

for storing collected data. MySQL, which is open source, is the world’s most popular
database management system. It powers everything from hobbyist websites to professional
platforms like WordPress.

3. PHP: PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is a server-side scripting language that
powers some of the most popular websites in the world, including WordPress and
Facebook. It is open source, relatively easy to learn, and works perfectly with MySQL,
making it a popular choice for web developers.

4. Perl: Perl is a high-level, dynamic programming language used extensively in network

programming, system admin, etc. Although less popular for web development purposes,
Perl has a lot of niche applications.

Different versions of XAMPP may have additional components such as phpMyAdmin,

OpenSSL, etc. to create full-fledged web servers.

32
How to install XAMPP?

Step 1:

Install XAMPP

Step 2:

Assume you installed xampp in C Drive. Go to C:\xampp\htdocs. Create your own folder,
name is for example as “web tech”.

Step 3:

Now create your first php program in xampp and name it as “add.php”.

Step 4:

Now double click on “XAMPP CONTROL PANEL” on desktop and START

“APACHE”.

[icon also appears on the bottom]

33
Step 5:

Type localhost on your browser and press enter it will show the following:

Step 6:
Now type the following on browser “http://localhost/project_folder_name/”

34
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

35
 CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Hardware Requirements

Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) 3.40GHz

System bus : 32 bits

RAM : 4GB of RAM

4.2 Software Requirements

OS : WINDOWS 10

Front End : HTML, PHP

Back End : MYSQL

Server : XAMPP

36
 SYSTEM STUDY

4.3.1 INTRODUCTION:

The objective behind developing this Online Faculty Evaluation System project is to build
an application program to reduce the manual work for managing the Faculty Feedback.
Online Faculty Evaluation System is the web based feedback collecting system from the
students and provides the automatic generation of the feedback which is given by students.
We have developed the Faculty Evaluation system to provide feedback in an easy and quick
manner.

4.3.2 INITIAL INVESTIGATION:

The first step in system development life cycle is the identification of need of change to
improve or enhance an existing system. An initial investigation on existing system was
carried out. The present system of library is completely manual. Many problems were
identified during the initial study of the existing system.

4.3.3 EXISTING SYSTEM:

System analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and
their relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question is – What all
problems exist in the present system? What must be done to solve the problem? Analysis
begins when a user or admin begins a study of the program using existing system.

This project collects feedback and evaluates performance of faculty from student. Faculty
Evaluation System for college students have been developed which aims to rate and analyse
the college faculty’s performance. This type of system reduces the strenuous work of
physically examining the feedback pages of each and every student. The system also
reduces the burden of efforts and burden of keeping and maintaining the records on a
manual base, it requires a lot of space and safety to keep up such records. Also the students
feedbacks can be tempered for wrong reasons in case of paper based feedbacks wherein this
project will always ensure safety of feedbacks privacy. Another important features of this
project is that physical presence of neither the admin nor the student is required for the
either giving the feedback nor for assessing the feedback.

37
System analysis can be categorized into five parts:

1. System planning and initial investigation

2. Information gathering
3. Applying analysis tools for structured analysis
4. Feasibility study
5. Cost/ benefit analysis

4.3.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The Purpose of the Online Faculty Evaluation System is to automate the existing manual
system by the help of computerized equipment and full-fledged computer software,
Fulfilling their requirement, so that their valuable data/information can be stored for a
longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same .The required software and
hardware are easily available and easy to work with. Student Feedback System, as
described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast management system.

38
DESIGN

39
 CHAPTER-5

DESIGN

5.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

To implement the above goals, the following methodology needs to be followed:

1. Specifying application development and various tools to implement it.

2. Specifying the bindings between the tasks and the resources either manually or by
design tools.

DFD

DFD can represent Source, destinations, storage and flow of data using the following set of
components-

Data Flow

Entity Process
Data Store

Entities - Entities are source and destination of information data. Entities are represented
by rectangles with their respective names.

Process - Activities and action taken on the data are represented by Circle or Round edged
rectangles.

Data Storage - There are two variants of data storage - it can either be represented as a
rectangle with absence of both smaller sides or as an open-sided rectangle with only one
side missing.

Data Flow - Movement of data is shown by pointed arrows. Data movement is shown from
the base of arrow as its source towards head of the arrow as destination.

40
Level-0:

LEVEL-0 DFD

41
Level-1:

LEVEL-1 DFD

42
Level-2:

LEVEL-2 DFD

43
5.2 E-R DIAGRAM:

The basic idea of the ER Diagram is, it is a graphical representation of an information

system that shows the relationship between people, objects, places, concepts or events
within that system. An ER diagram is a data modeling technique that helps in defining
business processes.

Entity

Entities are represented by means of rectangles. Rectangles are named with the entity set
they represent.

Attributes

Attributes are the properties of entities. Attributes are represented by means of ellipses.
Every ellipse represents one attribute and is directly connected to its entity (rectangle) if the
attributes are composite, they are further divided in a tree like structure. Every node is then
connected to its attribute. That is, composite attributes are represented by ellipses that are
connected with an ellipse).

Relationship

Relationships are represented by diamond-shaped box. Name of the relationship is written

inside the diamond-box. All the entities (rectangles) participating in a relationship, are
connected to it by a line.

Binary Relationship and Cardinality

A relationship where two entities are participating is called a binary relationship.

Cardinality is the number of instance of an entity from a relation that can be associated with
the relation.

One-to-one − When only one instance of an entity is associated with the relationship, it is
marked as '1:1'. The following image reflects that only one instance of each entity should
be associated with the relationship. It depicts one-to-one relationship.

One-to-many− When more than one instance of an entity is associated with a relationship,
it is marked as '1:N'. The following image reflects that only one instance of entity on the
left and more than one instance of an entity on the right can be associated with the
relationship. It depicts one-to-many relationship.

44
Many-to-one− When more than one instance of entity is associated with the relationship, it
is marked as 'N:1'. The following image reflects that more than one instance of an entity on
the left and only one instance of an entity on the right can be associated with the
relationship. It depicts many-to-one relationship.

Many-to-many− The following image reflects that more than one instance of an entity on
the left and more than one instance of an entity on the right can be associated with the
relationship. It depicts many-to-many relationship.

45
5.3 USE CASE DIAGRAMS:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of behavioural
diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a
graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals
(represented as use cases), and any dependencies between those use case. Use Case
diagrams are formally included in two modelling languages defined by the OMG: the
Unified Modelling Language (UML) and the Systems Modelling Language (SysML)

46
47
5.4 CLASS DIAGRAM:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a

type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the
system's classes, their attributes, and the relationships between the classes. The class
diagram is the main building block in object oriented modelling. They are being used both
for general conceptual modelling of the systematic of the application, and for detailed
modelling translating the models into programming code. The classes in a class diagram
represent both the main objects and or interactions in the application and the objects to be
programmed. A class with three sections.

• The upper part holds the name of the class

• The middle part contains the attributes of the class

• The bottom part gives the methods or operations the class can take or undertake.

In the system design of a system, a number of classes are identified and grouped together in
a class diagram which helps to determine the statistical relations between those objects.
With detailed modeling, the classes of the conceptual design are often split in a number of
subclasses.

48
5.5 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and

actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modelling
Language, activity diagrams can be used to describe the business and operational step-by-
step workflows of components in a system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of
control. Activity diagrams are constructed from a limited repertoire of shapes, connected
with arrows. The most important shape types:

• rounded rectangles represent activities;

• diamonds represent decisions;
• bars represent the start (split) or end (join) of concurrent activities;
• a black circle represents the start (initial state) of the workflow.

49
5.6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

Sequence diagrams are a popular dynamic modeling solution in UML because they
specifically focus on lifelines, or the processes and objects that live simultaneously, and the
messages exchanged between them to perform a function before the lifeline ends. Along
with our UML diagramming tool, use this guide to learn everything there is to know about
sequence diagrams in UML.A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because it
describes how—and in what order—a group of objects works together. These diagrams are
used by software developers and business professionals to understand requirements for a
new system or to document an existing process. Sequence diagrams are sometimes known
as event diagrams or event scenarios.

Benefits of sequence diagrams

Sequence diagrams can be useful references for businesses and other organizations. Try
drawing a sequence diagram to:

• Represent the details of a UML use case.

• Model the logic of a sophisticated procedure, function, or operation.
• See how objects and components interact with each other to complete a process.
• Plan and understand the detailed functionality of an existing or future scenario.

50
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

51
 CHAPTER-6

6.1 CODING

index.php

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<?php session_start() ?>

<?php

if(!isset($_SESSION['login_id']))

header('location:login.php');

include 'db_connect.php';

ob_start();

if(!isset($_SESSION['system'])){

$system = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM system_settings")-

>fetch_array(); foreach($system as $k => $v){

$_SESSION['system'][$k] = $v;}}

ob_end_flush();

include 'header.php'

?>

<body class="hold-transition sidebar-mini layout-fixed layout-navbar-fixed layout-footer-fixed">

<div class="wrapper">

<?php include 'topbar.php' ?>

<?php include $_SESSION['login_view_folder'].'sidebar.php' ?

> <!-- Content Wrapper. Contains page content --> <div

class="content-wrapper">

<div class="toast" id="alert_toast" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true">

52
<div class="toast-body text-white">

</div>

</div>

<div id="toastsContainerTopRight" class="toasts-top-right

fixed"></div> <!-- Content Header (Page header) --> <div

class="content-header">

<div class="container-fluid">

<div class="row mb-2">

<div class="col-sm-6">

<h1 class="m-0"><?php echo $title ?></h1>

</div><!-- /.col -->

</div><!-- /.row -->

<hr class="border-primary">

</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->

</div>

<!-- /.content-header -->

<!-- Main content -->

<section class="content">

<div class="container-fluid">

<?php

$page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 'home';

if(!file_exists($_SESSION['login_view_folder'].$page.".php")){

include '404.html';

}else{

include $_SESSION['login_view_folder'].$page.'.php';}

?>

53
</div><!--/. container-fluid -->

</section>

<!-- /.content -->

<div class="modal fade" id="confirm_modal" role='dialog'>

<div class="modal-dialog modal-md" role="document">

<div class="modal-content">

<div class="modal-header">

<h5 class="modal-title">Confirmation</h5>

</div>

<div class="modal-body">

<div id="delete_content"></div>

</div>

<div class="modal-footer">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='confirm' onclick="">Continue</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="modal fade" id="uni_modal" role='dialog'>

<div class="modal-dialog modal-md" role="document">

<div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-

header">

<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>

</div>

<div class="modal-body">

54
</div>

<div class="modal-footer">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='submit' onclick="$('#uni_modal

form').submit()">Save</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="modal fade" id="uni_modal_right" role='dialog'>

<div class="modal-dialog modal-full-height modal-md" role="document">

<div class="modal-content">

<div class="modal-header">

<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>

<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-

label="Close"> <span class="fa fa-arrow-right"></span> </button>

</div>

<div class="modal-body">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="modal fade" id="viewer_modal"

role='dialog'> <div class="modal-dialog modal-md"

role="document"> <div class="modal-content">

55
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-dismiss="modal"><span class="fa
fa-times"></span></button>

<img src="" alt="">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<!-- /.content-wrapper -->

<!-- Control Sidebar -->

<aside class="control-sidebar control-sidebar-dark">

<!-- Control sidebar content goes here --> </aside>

<!-- /.control-sidebar -->

<!-- Main Footer -->

<footer class="main-footer">

<strong>Copyright &copy; 2021 <a

href="https://www.campcodes.com">campcodes.com</a>.</strong>

All rights reserved.

<div class="float-right d-none d-sm-inline-block">

<b><?php echo $_SESSION['system']['name'] ?></b>

</div>

</footer>

</div>

<!-- ./wrapper -->

<!-- REQUIRED SCRIPTS -->

<!-- jQuery -->

<!-- Bootstrap -->

56
<?php include 'footer.php' ?>

</body>

</html>

Admin_class.php

<?php

session_start();

ini_set('display_errors', 1);

Class Action {

private $db;

public function __construct() {

ob_start();

include 'db_connect.php';

$this->db = $conn;}

function __destruct() {

$this->db->close();

ob_end_flush();}

function login(){

extract($_POST);

$type = array("","users","faculty_list","student_list");

type2 = array("","admin","faculty","student");

$qry = $this->db->query("SELECT *,concat(firstname,' ',lastname) as name FROM

{$type[$login]}

where email = '".$email."' and password = '".md5($password)."' ");

if($qry->num_rows > 0){

foreach ($qry->fetch_array() as $key => $value) {

if($key != 'password' && !is_numeric($key))

57
$_SESSION['login_'.$key] = $value;}

$_SESSION['login_type'] = $login;

$_SESSION['login_view_folder'] = $type2[$login].'/';

$academic = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM academic_list where is_default = 1

"); if($academic->num_rows > 0){

foreach($academic->fetch_array() as $k => $v){

if(!is_numeric($k))

$_SESSION['academic'][$k] = $v;}}

return 1;}else{

return 2;}}

function logout(){

session_destroy();

foreach ($_SESSION as $key => $value) {

unset($_SESSION[$key]);}

header("location:login.php");}

function login2(){

extract($_POST);

$qry = $this->db->query("SELECT *,concat(lastname,', ',firstname,' ',middlename) as name

FROM students where student_code = '".$student_code."' "); if($qry->num_rows > 0){

foreach ($qry->fetch_array() as $key => $value) {

if($key != 'password' && !is_numeric($key))

$_SESSION['rs_'.$key] = $value;}

return 1;}else{

return 3;}}

function save_user(){

58
extract($_POST);

$data = "";

foreach($_POST as $k => $v){

if(!in_array($k, array('id','cpass','password')) && !is_numeric($k)){

if(empty($data)){

$data .= " $k='$v' ";

}else{

$data .= ", $k='$v' ";}}}

if(!empty($password)){

$data .= ", password=md5('$password') ";}

$check = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM users where email ='$email' ".(!empty($id) ? "

and id

!= {$id} " : ''))->num_rows;

if($check > 0){

return 2;

exit;}

if(isset($_FILES['img']) && $_FILES['img']['tmp_name'] != '')

{ $fname = strtotime(date('y-m-d H:i')).'_'.$_FILES['img']['name'];

$move = move_uploaded_file($_FILES['img']['tmp_name'],'assets/uploads/'.

$fname); $data .= ", avatar = '$fname' ";}

manage_user.php

<?php

include('db_connect.php');

session_start();

if(isset($_GET['id'])){

59
$type = array("","users","faculty_list","student_list");

$user = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM {$type[$_SESSION['login_type']]} where id

=".$_GET['id']);

foreach($user->fetch_array() as $k =>$v){

$meta[$k] = $v;}}

?>

<div class="container-fluid">

<div id="msg"></div>

<form action="" id="manage-user">

<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo isset($meta['id']) ? $meta['id']: '' ?

>"> <div class="form-group">

<label for="name">First Name</label>

<input type="text" name="firstname" id="firstname" class="form-control" value="<?php

echo isset($meta['firstname']) ? $meta['firstname']: '' ?>" required> </div>

<div class="form-group">

<label for="name">Last Name</label>

<input type="text" name="lastname" id="lastname" class="form-control" value="<?php

echo isset($meta['lastname']) ? $meta['lastname']: '' ?>" required> </div>

<div class="form-group">

<label for="email">Email</label>

<input type="text" name="email" id="email" class="form-control" value="<?php

echo isset($meta['email']) ? $meta['email']: '' ?>" required autocomplete="off"> </div>

<div class="form-group">

60
<label for="password">Password</label>

<input type="password" name="password" id="password" class="form-control" value=""

autocomplete="off">

<small><i>Leave this blank if you dont want to change the

password.</i></small> </div>

<div class="form-group">

<label for="" class="control-label">Avatar</label>

<div class="custom-file">

<input type="file" class="custom-file-input rounded-circle" id="customFile"

name="img" onchange="displayImg(this,$(this))">

<label class="custom-file-label" for="customFile">Choose file</label>

</div>

</div>

<div class="form-group d-flex justify-content-center">

<img src="<?php echo isset($meta['avatar']) ? 'assets/uploads/'.$meta['avatar'] :'' ?>" alt=""

id="cimg"

class="img-fluid img-thumbnail">

</div>

</form>

</div>

Academic_list.php

<?php include'db_connect.php' ?>

<div class="col-lg-12">

<div class="card card-outline card-primary">

<div class="card-header">

<div class="card-tools">

61
<a class="btn btn-block btn-sm btn-default btn-flat border-primary

new_academic" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> Add

New</a> </div>

</div>

<div class="card-body">

<table class="table tabe-hover table-bordered"

id="list"> <colgroup>

<col width="5%">

<col width="25%">

<col width="25%">

<col width="15%">

<col width="15%">

<col width="15%">

</colgroup>

<thead>

<tr>

<th class="text-center">#</th>

<th>Year</th>

<th>Semester</th>

<th>System Default</th>

<th>Evaluation Status</th>

<th>Action</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<?php

62
$i = 1;

$qry = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM academic_list order by abs(year)

desc,abs(semester) desc ");

while($row= $qry->fetch_assoc()):

?>

<tr>

<th class="text-center"><?php echo $i++ ?></th>

<td><b><?php echo $row['year'] ?></b></td>

<td><b><?php echo $row['semester'] ?></b></td>

<td class="text-center">

<?php if($row['is_default'] == 0): ?>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary bg-gradient-secondary col-sm-4 btn-flat btn-

sm px-1 py-0 make_default" data-id="<?php echo $row['id'] ?>">No</button> <?php else: ?>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary bg-gradient-primary col-sm-4 btn-flat btn-sm px-1

py-0">Yes</button>

<?php endif; ?>

</td>

<td class="text-center">

<?php if($row['status'] == 0): ?>

<span class="badge badge-secondary">Not yet

Started</span> <?php elseif($row['status'] == 1): ?>

<span class="badge badge-success">Starting</span>

<?php elseif($row['status'] == 2): ?>

<span class="badge badge-

primary">Closed</span> <?php endif; ?>

63
</td>

<td class="text-center">

<div class="btn-group">

a href="javascript:void(0)" data-id='<?php echo $row['id'] ?>' class="btn btn-primary btn-

flat manage_academic">

<i class="fas fa-

edit"></i> </a>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-flat delete_academic" data-id="<?php

echo $row['id'] ?>">

<i class="fas fa-

trash"></i> </button>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<?php endwhile; ?

> </tbody>

</table>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<script>

$(document).ready(function(){

$('.new_academic').click(function(){

uni_modal("New academic","<?php echo

$_SESSION['login_view_folder'] ?>manage_academic.php")}) $

('.manage_academic').click(function(){

64
uni_modal("Manage academic","<?php echo $_SESSION['login_view_folder']

?>manage_academic.php?id="+$(this).attr('data-id'))}) $

('.delete_academic').click(function(){

_conf("Are you sure to delete this academic?","delete_academic",[$(this).attr('data-

id')])}) $('.make_default').click(function(){

conf("Are you sure to make this academic year as the

system default?","make_default",[$(this).attr('data-id')])}) $

('#list').dataTable()})

function delete_academic($id){

start_load()

$.ajax({

url:'ajax.php?action=delete_academic',

method:'POST',

data:{id:$id},

success:function(resp){

if(resp==1){

alert_toast("Data successfully deleted",'success')

setTimeout(function(){

location.reload()

},1500}}})}

function make_default($id){

start_load()

$.ajax({

url:'ajax.php?action=make_default',

method:'POST',

data:{id:$id},

65
success:function(resp){

if(resp==1){

alert_toast("Dafaut Academic Year Updated",'success')

setTimeout(function(){

location.reload()

},1500)}}})}

</script>

Class-list.php

<?php include'db_connect.php' ?>

<div class="col-lg-12">

<div class="card card-outline card-primary">

<div class="card-header">

<div class="card-tools">

<a class="btn btn-block btn-sm btn-default btn-flat border-primary new_class"

href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> Add New</a>

</div>

</div>

<div class="card-body">

<table class="table tabe-hover table-bordered"

id="list"> <colgroup>

<col width="5%">

<col width="60%">

</colgroup>

<thead>

<tr>

<th class="text-center">#</th>

66
<th>Class</th>

<th>Action</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<?php

$i = 1;

$qry = $conn->query("SELECT *,concat(curriculum,' ',level,'-',section) as `class` FROM class_list

order by class asc ");

while($row= $qry->fetch_assoc()):

?>

<tr>

<th class="text-center"><?php echo $i++ ?></th>

<td><b><?php echo $row['class'] ?></b></td>

<td class="text-center">

<div class="btn-group">

<a href="javascript:void(0)" data-id='<?php echo $row['id'] ?>' class="btn btn-primary btn-flat

manage_class">

<i class="fas fa-edit"></i>

</a>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-flat delete_class" data-id="<?php echo

$row['id'] ?>">

<i class="fas fa-trash"></i>

</button>

</div>

</td>

67
</tr>

<?php endwhile; ?>

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<script>

$(document).ready(function(){

$('#list').dataTable()

$('.new_class').click(function(){

uni_modal("New class","<?php echo $_SESSION['login_view_folder'] ?

>manage_class.php")}) $('.manage_class').click(function(){

uni_modal("Manage class","<?php echo $_SESSION['login_view_folder'] })

$('.delete_class').click(function(){

_conf("Are you sure to delete this class?","delete_class",[$(this).attr('data-id')])})})

function delete_class($id){

start_load()

$.ajax({

url:'ajax.php?action=delete_class',

method:'POST',

data:{id:$id},

success:function(resp){

if(resp==1){

alert_toast("Data successfully deleted",'success')

setTimeout(function(){

68
location.reload()

},1500)}}})}

</script>

Criteria-list.php

<?php include'db_connect.php' ?>

<div class="col-lg-12">

<div class="card card-outline card-primary">

<div class="card-header">

</div>

<div class="card-body">

<div class="container-fluid">

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-4">

<div class="card-header"><b>Criteria Form</b></div>

<div class="card-body">

<form action="" id="manage-criteria">

<input type="hidden" name="id">

<div class="form-group">

<label for="">Criteria</label>

<input type="text" name="criteria" class="form-control form-control-sm">

</div>

</form>

</div>

<div class="card-footer">

<div class="d-flex justify-content-end w-100">

button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-flat bg-gradient-primary mx-1" form="manage-

69
criteria">Save</button>

<button class="btn btn-sm btn-flat btn-secondary bg-gradient-secondary mx-1" form="manage-

criteria" type="reset">Cancel</button>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-md-8">

<div class="callout callout-info">

<?php

$qry = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM criteria_list order by abs(order_by) asc

"); if($qry->num_rows > 0):?>

<div class="d-flex justify-content-between w-

100"> <label for=""><b>Criteria List</b></label>

<button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-flat bg-gradient-primary mx-1" form="order-

criteria">Save Order</button>

</div>

<hr>

<form action="" id="order-criteria">

<ul class="list-group btn col-md-8" id="ui-sortable-list">

<?php

$criteria = array();

while($row= $qry->fetch_assoc()):

criteria[$row['id']] = $row;

?>

<li class="list-group-item text-left">

70
<span class="btn-group dropright float-right">

<span type="button" class="btn" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"

aria-expanded="false">

<i class="fa fa-ellipsis-v"></i>

</span>

<div class="dropdown-menu">

<a class="dropdown-item edit_criteria" href="javascript:void(0)" data-id="<?php echo

$row['id'] ?>">Edit</a>

<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>

<a class="dropdown-item delete_criteria" href="javascript:void(0)" data-id="<?php echo

$row['id'] ?>">Delete </a>

</div>

</span>

<i class="fa fa-bars"></i> <?php echo ucwords($row['criteria']) ?

> url:'ajax.php?action=make_default', method:'POST',

data:{id:$id},

success:function(resp){

if(resp==1){

alert_toast("Dafaut criteria Year Updated",'success')

setTimeout(function(){

location.reload()},1500)}}})}

</script>

71
SYSTEM TESTING

72
 CHAPTER-7

TESTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION:

Software testing methods are traditionally divided into white- and black-box testing. These
two approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test engineer takes when
designing test cases.

7.2 TESTING METHODS:

White Box Testing:

White box testing is when the tester has access to the internal data structures and algorithms
including the code that implement these.

Types of white box testing:

The following types of white box testing exist:

• API testing (application programming interface) - testing of the application using

public and private APIs
• Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage (e.g., the
test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed at
least once)
• Fault injection methods - improving the coverage of a test .

Grey Box Testing:

Grey box testing (American spelling: gray box testing) involves having knowledge of
internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing the test cases, but testing
at the user, or black-box level. Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify
as grey box, because the input and output are clearly outside of the "black-box" that we are
calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly important when conducting
integration testing between two modules of code written by two different developers, where
only the interfaces are exposed for test. However, modifying a data repository does qualify
as grey box, as the user would not normally be able to change the data outside of the system

73
under test. Grey box testing may also include reverse engineering to determine, for
instance, boundary values or error messages.

Testing levels:

Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process,
or by the level of specificity of the test.

1) Unit Testing- Unit testing refers to tests that verify the functionality of a specific
section of code, usually at the function level. In an object-oriented environment, this
is usually at the class level, and the minimal unit tests include the constructors and
destructors These type of tests are usually written by developers as they work on
code (white-box style), to ensure that the specific function is working as expected.
One function might have multiple tests, to catch corner cases or other branches in
the code. Unit testing alone cannot verify the functionality of a piece of software,
but rather is used to assure that the building blocks the software uses work
independently of each other. Unit testing is also called component testing.

2) Integration Testing- Integration testing is any type of software testing that seeks to
verify the interfaces between components against a software design. Software
components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together ("big bang").
Normally the former is considered a better practice since it allows interface issues to
be localised more quickly and fixed. Integration testing works to expose defects in
the interfaces and interaction between integrated components (modules).
Progressively larger groups of tested software components corresponding to
elements of the architectural design are integrated and tested until the software
works as a system.

3) System Testing - System testing tests a completely integrated system to verify that
it meets its requirement

4) System Integration Testing- System integration testing verifies that a system is

integrated to any external or third party systems defined in the system requirements.

74
5) Regression Testing - Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major
code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, or
old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software
functionality that was previously working correctly stops working as intended.
Typically, regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes,
when the newly developed part of the software collides with the previously existing
code. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previously run
tests and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. The depth of
testing depends on the phase in the release process and the risk of the added
features. They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or
deemed to be risky, to very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if
the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk.

6) Acceptance Testing - Acceptance testing can mean one of two things:

• A smoke test is used as an acceptance test prior to introducing a new build to the
main testing process, i.e. before integration or regression.
• Acceptance testing performed by the customer, often in their lab environment on
their own hardware, is known as user acceptance testing (UAT). Acceptance testing
may be performed as part of the hand-off process between any two phases of
development.

7) Alpha Testing- Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential

users/customers or an independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is
often employed for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing,
before the software goes to beta testing.

8) Beta Testing - Beta testing comes after alpha testing. Versions of the software,
known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the
programming team. The software is released to groups of people so that further
testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes, beta versions are
made available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal
number of future users.

75
9) Non-Functional Testing - Special methods exist to test non-functional aspects of
software. In contrast to functional testing, which establishes the correct operation of
the software (correct in that it matches the expected behaviour defined in the design
requirements), non-functional testing verifies that the software functions properly
even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs. Software fault injection, in the
form of fuzzing, is an example of non-functional testing. Non-functional testing,
especially for software, is designed to establish whether the device under test can
tolerate invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input
validation routines as well as error-handling routines. Various commercial non-
functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are
also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform non-
functional testing.

10) Software Performance Testing and Load Testing - Performance testing is

executed to determine how fast a system or sub-system performs under a particular
workload. It can also serve to validate and verify other quality attributes of the
system, such as scalability, reliability and resource usage. Load testing is primarily
concerned with testing that can continue to operate under a specific load, whether
that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred
to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a
non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a
way to test functionality. Stress testing is a way to test reliability. Load testing is a
way to test performance. There is little agreement on what the specific goals of load
testing are. The terms load testing, performance testing, reliability testing, and
volume testing, are often used interchangeably.

11) Stability Testing- Stability testing checks to see if the software can continuously
function well in or above an acceptable period. This activity of non-functional
software testing is often referred to as load (or endurance) testing.

12) Usability Testing- Usability testing is needed to check if the user interface is easy
to use and understand.

76
13) Security Testing -Security testing is essential for software that processes
confidential data to prevent system intrusion by hackers.

7.3 TEST CASES:

S.NO OF TEST CASE TC1

Name of test Admin Login

Sample input Enter email and password

Expected output Login Successful

Actual output It will be another Screen

Remarks By providing correct details

S.NO OF TEST CASE TC2

Name of test Invalid login credentials

Sample input Sign up with your account

Expected output It will not continue to next process

Actual output Couldn’t find your Account is the error message

Remarks By providing invalid username and password

77
S.NO OF TEST CASE TC3

Name of test Adding Student

Sample input Giving Student name

Expected output Studentshould be added

Actual output Student is added to the database

Remarks By providing correct details

S.NO OF TEST CASE TC4

Name of test Adding Faculty

Sample input Giving Faculty name

Expected output Faculty should be added

Actual output Faculty is added to the database

78
SCREENS

79
CHAPTER-8

SCREENS
80
Admin panel:

81
Subject List:

82
Class List:

83
Academic List:

84
Questionnaire:

85
Criteria List:

86
Faculty List:

87
Student List:

88
Evaluation Report:

89
User List:

90
Student Dashboard:

91
Evaluation Report for Faculty:

92
FUTURE SCOPE

93
 CHAPTER-9
Future Scope

Future work for the Faculty Evaluation System will involve implementing the necessary
steps in evaluation and the missed features in the Faculty login page. The Suggestions and
conclusion unimplemented feedback from the higher officials to the faculty after analysing
the report from the student’s feedback.

There can be a Board which displays the name of student who completed giving the
feedback.
The admin should know how many children completed given feedback and how many
didn’t completed filling feedback. For this future we should add a section in admin panel
which will give solution for the above issue.
The generation of Feedback report should a little faster

Significance of the Project

This study helps the management to keep track of feedback from students properly: -

1. The Faculty Evaluation System enables Faculty to check whether

students are learning in a sufficient way or not.
2. The Faculty Evaluation System can easily keep track of Feedback.
3. The Faculty Evaluation System makes it easier for the admin to track
those who didn’t submit the feedback.

94
Conclusion

95
 CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION

The Project ‛Faculty Evaluation System’ is designed in order reduce the burden of
maintaining bulk of records of all the students evaluation details of who study in an
Educational Institution. Inserting, retrieving and updating the evaluation details of a student
are easy when it is compared to the manual feedback and storing. Maintaining the project is
also easy which can is easily understandable. Maintaining the details in the database is
manageable Future Enhancements: Due to the lack of time, the design part is not done so
attractive. Further enhancements can be made in designing the screens. Some more forms
can also be added so as to better retrieve the feedback details. Various other options can
also be added for the better usability of project.

This project turned out to be a valuable experience in software development. The theory of
how the development should be carried out and the things that can go wrong in the
development process were experienced firsthand. Many little challenges were encountered
and the understanding of why managing software development is not an easy task grew
during the course of this project. The evidence gathered in this report reflects ongoing
progress toward more openness in Faculty Evaluation system, but also that much work
remains.

96
BIBLIOGRAPHY

97
 CHAPTER-11

Bibliography
Faculty Evaluation System, published by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
1977.

Cascading Style Sheets, level 1”, H. W. Lie and B. Bos, 17 December 1996, revised 11
January 1999
The latest version is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS1 [CSS1]

“Cascading Style Sheets, level 2, CSS2 Specification”, B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley and I.
Jacobs, 12 May 1998 [revised 11 April 2008]
http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-2008041 [CSS2]

“HTML 4.01 Specification”, D. Raggett, A. Le Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.

The latest version of the specification is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/html44.
The Recommendation defines three document type definitions: Strict, Transitional, and
Frameset, all reachable from the Recommendation. [HTML4]

Specification ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile version 4.2.0.0) Image technology

colour management Architecture, Profile format, Data and Structure.
Available at http://www.color.org/icc specs2.html [ICCA2]

98