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II. SETTING
- where a story takes place
- used to give the readers a context, that will
ELEMENTS OF help during the analysis of a text.
- helps the readers get a hold of the possible
FICTION situation wherein the text revolves on; thus,
allowing the readers to relate more or visualize
better.
- sometimes equal in significance as the
characters themselves.

II. SETTING II. SETTING

Why is it important? Ex:

• it shapes the mood and tone of the story

• the time and places we live in affect our
perceptions and actions
• time and place are the basic elements of fiction
that give readers a vivid mental picture of the
world your characters move in.

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III.CHARACTERS
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
- are the people with whom the story revolves around.
Characters can be classified in different ways:
- are usually the recipients or the causes of different conflicts.
- they can be good or bad.
1. Major and Minor characters
- some stay and some go away during any part of the story. 2. Flat and Round characters
- are unique from one another. 3. Static and Dynamic characters
- they can be humans, animals, objects, supernatural being, 4. Protagonist and Antagonist
or anything that you can give human attributes to.

STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERS

STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERS

• Static Characters
do not change in the course of the story.

• Dynamic Characters
undergo some type of change or development
in the story, often because of something that
happens to them.

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STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERS FLAT AND ROUND CHARACTERS

• Flat Characters
are stereotyped, shallow, and often symbolic. They
have only one or two personality traits

• Round Characters
are complex convincing, and true to life characters.
They are described in more detail, having many
different and sometimes even contradictory
personality traits.

FLAT AND ROUND CHARACTERS FLAT AND ROUND CHARACTERS

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Characterization
Characterization refers to the methods
used by the writer to create his or her
characters.
Example
PERSONALITY
• Peaceful• Cranky • Careful • Loner • Kindhearted
SKILLS
• Good at:– scaring off villagers by roaring at them–
fighting and protecting himself–
• Bad at:– making friends– using his manners
RELATIONSHIPS
• Donkey– sidekick and best friend
• Princess Fiona– he marries her
LIKES AND DISLIKES
• Likes– taking mud showers in his swamp– snacking
on slugs and bugs
• Dislikes– people coming into his swamp
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METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION:
Characters are revealed to us by means of the
following techniques or some of them.
• Physical appearance
• Names
• What the narrator tells us about them
• What other characters say about them
IV. POINT OF VIEW
The angle or perspective from which the story is
told (Who tells the story)
• The point of view is divided into two main types:
- First person point of view
- Third person point of view
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First Person Point of View Third Person Point of View

The story is told using a narrator who uses third person
The story is told from the viewpoint of one pronouns such as “he”, “she”, “his”, “her”, “they” etc.
of the characters, using the first person
pronoun “I”. Third Person Point of View can be broken up into three
different types:
The first person narrator can either be • Omniscient
• Limited Omniscient
participant or nonparticipant in the action
• Objective

Omniscient Point of View: The narrator has the

power to show the reader what is happening in the
minds of the characters, their feelings and their
thinking.

Limited Omniscient Point of View: The narrator

shows us inside the mind of one character.

Objective Point of view: The story is told as if from a

camera that follows the characters. Only what is said
and done is recorded.

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V. THEME
Theme is the central idea or central message
of the story. It usually contains some insight
into the human condition – telling something
about humans and life.
VI. STYLE
1. Vocabulary- Choice of words
a. Simple words- Everyday word choice. (“She was
sick for a long time.)
b. Complex words- (“Garages and cotton gins had
encroached and obliterated even the august names of
that neighborhood.)
c. Concrete words- Things we can touch, see, etc.
d. Abstract words- Words that express intangible
ideas (freedom, heritage, something)
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VI. STYLE
The manner in which an author uses words, constructs
sentences, incorporates non-literal expressions, and
handles rhythm, timing, and
tone..
VI. STYLE
2. Syntax- arrangement of words, their ordering,
grouping and placement within phrases, clauses, and
sentences.
3. Rhythm- The pattern of flow and movement created
by the choice of words and the arrangement of phrases
and sentences: length and composition of sentences,
pauses within sentences, repetition, and ease or
difficulty in pronouncing the combinations of word
sounds in the sentences.
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VI. SYMBOLISM
A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than itself

A journey can A lion can be a

symbolize life
symbol of
courage.

Water may A red rose can

represent represent love.
cleanliness and
renewal