 The Indeterminate Sentence Law is mandatory 

if the imprisonment would exide 1yr imprisonment.

 Probation client may be released from confinement under these circumstances or condition mandatory, discretion.
 Content of Carpeta - refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus or commitment order
issued by the Court after conviction, the prosecutor's information and the decisions of the trial court and the appellate
court, if any; certificate of non-appeal, certificate of detention and other pertinent documents of the case.
 Pardon removes penalties and restores 2 rights of pdl political and civil rights
 Special factors of consideration in pardon
o Old age
o Physically disable is not present during crime
o Serious illness
 Report to be accomplished by ppo
o Progress report
o Infraction report
o Violation report
o Summary report

 Three pronged approach of rehabilitation program

o Restorative Justice
o Therapeutic Community
o Volunteers
 Process of implementing of peacemaking encounter in restorative justice.
o Is a community-based gathering that brings the victim, the victimized community, and the offender together?
o It supports the healing process of the victims by providing a safe and controlled setting for them to meet and
speak with the offender on a confidential and strictly voluntary basis.
o It also allows the offender to learn about the impact of the crime to the victim and his/her family, and to take
direct responsibility for his/her behavior.
o Likewise, it provides a chance for the victim and the offender to forge a mutually acceptable plan that
addresses the harm caused by the crime. As a community-based decision model, the Agency Peacemaking
Encounter is being implemented through the following processes:
 How can probation helps the offender
o It maintains his earning power.
o It provides rehabilitation in the community.
o It restores his dignity.
 ISLAW is comprised of 2 penalty terms
o Special Law
o Revised Penal Code
 Pardon is an act of executive clemency granted by the chief executive subjected to the condition imposed on the recipient
and accepted by him. While amnesty is the act of sovereign power granting oblivion or general pardon for past offense.
 How restorative justice implement in PPa
o During the Investigation Stage- Information such as victims’ version of the offense, effect of
victimization to their lives, families, future, and plans, and victims
o During the Supervision Stage- Restorative Justice Program is a part of the rehabilitation of the client
which is incorporated in the client’s Supervision Treatment Plan (STP).
 What are absolute pardon and conditional pardon
o Absolute Pardon It is an absolute pardon when it is granted by the Chief Executive without any
conditions attached.
o Conditional Pardon It is conditional when it is granted by the Chief Executive subject to the conditions
imposed on the recipient and accepted by him.
 Member of BPP
o Chairman - Secretary of the DOJ
o Ex-Officio - Probation Administrator of the Parole and Probation Administration
o Members: Sociologist, Clergyman/Educator,
Psychiatrist, Person qualified for the work by
Training/experience and a member of the
Philippine BAR. 1of there are girl

QD
 MAJOR TYPES OF FORGERY
o 1. Simple forgery – a forges signature where no attempt has been made to make a copy or facsimile of the
genuinewriting of a person purported to sign the document. Also known as spurious signature
o 2. Simulated or Copied forgery – a forged signature which resembles the genuine signature written in free-
hand.Considered as the most skillful type of forgery.
o 3. Traced Forgery – forged signature which closely resembles the genuine made by some tracing process or
outline form.
 TYPES OF HANDWRITTING
o 1. Cursive – Writing in which the letters are for the most part joined together.
o 2. Handlettering – refers to writing characterized by a disconnected style.
o 3. Natural Writing – a specimen of writing that is executed normally and without any attempt of altering its
usual writing habits.
o 4. Disguised – a specimen of writing executed deliberately with an attempt of changing its usual writing habits
in the hope of hiding one’s identity.
o 5. Guided/assisted – a specimen of writing executed while the writer’s hand is at steadied. Usually employed
bybeginners in writing.
  Signature – a name of person signed by himself on a document as a sign of acknowledgement.
  Model signature – genuine signature which has been used in preparing a simulated or traced
forgery.
  Evidential Signature – specimen signature which was executed in particular date, particular time and
place,under a particular writer’s condition and for a particular purpose.
 HANDWRITING ANALYSIS EXAMINATION INVOLVES VERIFICATION OF WHAT?
o Handwriting analysis involves two phases:
o 1. The hardware—ink, paper, pens, pencils, typewriter, printers, photocopies
o 2. Visual examination of the writing Investigations include verification; authentication; characterizing papers,
pigments, and inks. Examples include letters, checks, licenses, contracts, wills, passports etc.
 HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS
o 1. Line quality
o 2. Word and letter spacing
o 3. Letter comparison
o 4. Pen lifts
o 5. Connecting strokes
o 6. Beginning and ending strokes
o 7. Unusual letter formation
o 8. Shading or pen pressure
o 9. Slant
o 10. Baseline habits
o 11. Flourishes or embellishments
 o 12. Diacritic placement

 FEATURES OF PAPER PRODUCT : IN TERM OF ESTIMATING THE DATE OF DOCUMENT
o WATERMARKS
o PAPER COMPOSITION
o ENVELOPES
 TECHNIQUES USED OF QDE
o MICROSCOPIC EXAM.
o TRANSMITTED LIGHT EXAM.
o OBLIQUE LIGHT EXAM
o PHOTOGRAPIC EXAM
o ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT EXAM
o INFRARED EXAM
 FACTS / ELEMENT OF XEROX DOCUMENTS THAT HAS SIGNIFICANCE IN QD.
THE COPIER TECHNOLODY USED, THE PRESENCE OF COPIER DEFECTS, AND THE PROPERTIES OF THE TONER AND OR
PAPER,
o COPIER TECHNOLOGY
o EXAMINATION OF THE DEFECTS
o TONER ANALYSIS
 COMMON QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
o CHECKS
o LICENSE AND CERTIFICATION
o PASSPORT
o COUNTERFIT MONEY
o RECIEFTS
o LOTTERY TICKETS
o SUICIDE NOTES AND RANSOM
o FORGERIES OF ART

 HOW TO ANALYZE AND DETERMINE THE KINDS AND TYPES OF PEN USED IN QDE
o BY USING TLC ( THIN LAYER CHROMATOLOGY) OR GC/MC(GAS CHROMATOLOGY MASS SPECTROMETRY)To
measure the concentration of volatile components in an ink sample
o A study of the chemical composition of the in used on documents may verify whether or not known and
questioned documents were prepared by the same pen; and the paper itself may be analyzed.
 How to detect forgery by erasure
o It may be a correction method made by erasing such as rubbing, scraping, or wiping out. Sometimes the term
erasure refers to an effective revocation of a will or a portion of a will. Erasure is classified as:  Chemical
erasure  Physical erasure or Mechanical erasure
 ELEMENT IN HANDWRITING ANALYSIS IN QDE
o MGA ELEMENT OF WRITING MOVEMENT O FORMS IN WRITING EXAMPLE. ARC LOOP LINE QUALITY
 HOW TO ANALYZE AND DETERMINE THE AGE OF THE PAPER
o