Islamic University Of Technology (IUT) Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Course Name: Fluid Mechanics Lab Course Code: CEE 4362 Name of Assignment: Study of Flow Through a Venturimeter(EX_06) Name: TANVIR AZAD Student ID: 190051107 Date of Submission: 19/07/21 ubmitted to: id. Rifat Hossain Bhuiyan ecturer, epartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,IUTCEE 4362 Fluid Mechanics Lab Exp 6: Study of Flow Through a Venturimeter NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF FLOW THROUGH A VENTURIMETER. OBJECTIVES: To determine ideal and measured pressure distribution along venturimeter. To plot ideal and measured pressure distribution in normal graph. To determine Cd of venturi meter. To plot Cd vs flow rate (Qa) in venturimeter. APPARATUS: Venturimeter ‘All emensions in mm Figure 3: Dimensions of venturimeter and positions of piezometer tubes.THEORY: Considering the flow of an incompressible fluid through Venturimeter applying Bernoulli's eqn. at 1, 2 andn: wi a0, Fem-Ft+h= Direction ‘of flow Figure 2: Ideal conditions in a Venturimeter. From continuity equation: QyVy = AV2 = AyVq 07, Vy = Ey woe (2) From eqn (1) and (2) it can be written: And Qr = a2v2 g(t ~ ha) a 1- @ or, Qr = az a(hs — ha) a 1- GF $0, Qa = Ca X a Now, the equation of ideal pressure distribution is — Poe a 7G -G 2gDATA TABLE ‘TABLE-01 Piezometer Diameter of Area, an (a2/an)* (a2/ax)? - Tube cross-section (a2/an)? (mm) (mm?) A(1) 26 530.93 0.143 0 B 23.2 422.73 0.226 -0.083 c 18.4 265.91 0.572 -0.429 D(2) 16 201.06 1 -0.857 E 16.79 221.41 0.825 -0.682 . 18.47 267.93 0.563 -0.420 G 20.16 319.21 0.397 -0.254 H 21.48 362.38 0.308 -0.165 J 23.53 434.85 0.214 -0.071 K 25.21 499.16 0.162 -0.019 c 26 530.93 0.143 0 TABLE-02 Weight of | Collection | Actual Flow | hi hz _ Qa the | Duration, Rate, | (mm)| (mm) ~ Or w Collected | t (s) a@=% bg(h, ~ hs) Water, W (mf) x Ka (ke) 1-@ 5 149 | 3.356x10% | 245 | 125 3.331x10* | 1.0075 5 16.092 | 3.107x10% | 245 | 125 3.331x10* | 0.9327 5 14.45 | 3.460x10* | 257 | 131 3.413x10* | 1.0138 5 18.2 | 2.747x10" | 257 | 131 3.413x10* | 0.8049 5 18.88 | 2.648x10* | 262 | 134 3.440x10* | 0.7698 [ 15.5 3.226x 10% | 262 134 3.440x 10% 0.9378 a 17.31 2.889x 10% | 255 130 3.399x 10% 0.8499 = 15.6 3.205x 10% | 255 130 3.399x 10% 0.9429TABLE-03 Piezometer Tube ha (mm) hn— hi (m) A(1) 245 0 B 238 -0.007 Gg 194 -0.051 D(2) 125 -0.120 E 138 -0.107 F 180 -0.065 G 199 -0.046 H 210 -0.035, J 217 -0.028 K 225 -0.020 L 232 -0.013 L 1ONS: Given, Diameter of Piezometer tube A = 26 mm 2 So, area of cross-section, a, = w= = 530.93 mm? Diameter of Piezometer tube D = 16 mm : So, area of cross-section, a, = t “2 = 201.06 mm? Similarly, the cross-sectional areas can be determined for other tubes. So, (2)? = 0.14 ay Weight of collected water, W = 5 kg Density of water, p = 1000 kg/m? So, actual flow rate of water at t= 14.9 s, Qa =a = 3.356 x 10-* m3/s The actual flow rate of water can be calculated for different values of t. For hi = 245 mm and h2 = 125 mm,2g(ha — ha) = 4 m8 - = 3.331 x 1077 m?/s 1-@ Qr = az Qa _ 3.356 x 107* — = ——__—_ = 1.007: On 7 3331 x 107% ~ 10075 So0,Cqg = Qr and Cy can be calculated for different values of hiand h2. ve _ hy-hy Now, 2 = = 0.14 2g 1-@yP hemhy e cy] At tube E, = -0.764 Similarly, this ratio can be determined for other tubes as well. GRAPH: CeCe Coast oe Tne er aceQa vs Cd Graph 10s, 1.9138 1.0075 08 0.0002 0.00027 0.00029 0.00031 0.00033 0.00035 0.00037 Actual flow rate, Q, (m°/s) Discussion: we have measured the actual discharge (weightage method) and not mathematically. For each value of actual discharge Qa a certain value of Cy was determined. As we can see, our Cg values have ranged from 0.82 to 1.08. We know the usual value of the coefficient of discharge ranges from 0.92 to 0.99. If we determine the mean Cy value for our case it results in 0.95. So, we can say that our experimentation was right. In case of the individual values of Ca we see a lot of discrepancies due to a number of reasons. They are- Faulty equipment being 2.human error in taking readings 3.velocity differences at different points of the venturi-meter 4.loss of pressure head due to friction inside the venturi-meter From theoretical calculation we have measured the theoretical coefficient of discharge. This value is constant for a particular set of data. We know, Coefficient of discharge, Cs = Q./Q: i.e., Qs = Cs x Qe. Since, Q: is constant, therefore we can establish a relationship between coefficient of discharge and actual discharge which is, they are proportional to each other. We can see it clearly in our data table, the instants where the actual discharge is more, the coefficient of discharge is more or vice versa. Referens Manual From the graph the pressure at the throat and at every other point the theoretical value is greater than the actual value. There are many reasons for these discrepancies. They are- L.head loss due to friction 2.Wrong reading of the velocities of the different points 3.Water chemistry 4,Secondary instrumentation 5.The design of the Venturi meter and the selection of materials it is made of.