ANSWER OF QUESTION 1:

ANSWER OF QUESTION 2:
Suppose you have a machine that can directly run HP machine code, and a compiler from ML to
HP machine code, and you want to get a ML compiler running on different machine code P. You
can start by writing an ML-to-P compiler in ML, and compile that to get an ML-to-P compiler in
HP.
From there, feed the new ML-to-P compiler to itself, running on the HP machine, and you end up
with an ML-to-P compiler that runs on a P machine.
The T-diagram notation can also easily be extended with interpreters, which are simply vertical
boxes that can be inserted between any two languages.

ANSWER OF QUESTION 3:
ANSWER OF QUESTION 4: