Dictionary

Series Editor Scott Miles
Effective
Reading
Teacher’s File
Dictionary work and
Extensive reading practice
Levels 1–4
Amanda French
Chris Gough
Jackie McAvoy
Scott Miles
Macmillan Education
Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP
A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
Companies and representatives throughout the world
ISBN: 978-0-230-02918-7
Text © Amanda French, Chris Gough, Jackie McAvoy, Scott Miles 2009
Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009
First published 2009
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any
form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publishers.
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Illustrated by Ed McLachlan
The authors and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint
the following copyright material:
Macmillan Publishers Limited for extracts from the Macmillan English
Dictionary for Advanced Learners Workbook; dictionary extracts taken from the
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners.
Text © Macmillan Publishers Limited.
Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holders before
publication, in some cases this has not been possible. If contacted we will
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Contents
Introduction 4–5
Dictionary work 6–13
Red and black words 6
Finding and exploring meanings 7
Understanding definitions 8
Collocations 8
Finding idioms and phrases 9
Exploring a dictionary page 10
Word classes 11
Countable and uncountable nouns 12
Prepositions 12
Verb patterns 12
Checking what you know 13
Extensive Reading 14
3 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009.
Introduction
Welcome to Effective Reading, a four-level reading course specially

designed to meet the needs and interests of students studying English in
universities. Effective Reading is different from other course books of its
kind in the following principle ways:
High interest reading texts

The main aim of Effective Reading is to provide reading texts of high
interest to university students. Too often course books aimed at an
international audience contain content that is either uninteresting or
simply irrelevant to students, making it difficult for teachers to keep
students engaged in the material. In Effective Reading, all reading texts
have been written specifically to match the interests of young adults. To
increase student interest in reading materials, scholar Anthony Bruton
(1997) recommends avoiding ‘(a) general topics with the predictable
liberal slant, often communicating nothing that is new; (b) topics
of technical or scientific interest to which nothing can be added; (c)
culturally distant and anecdotally irrelevant topics; and (d) narratives
with a high cultural content.’ We took this advice to heart when selecting
and developing reading texts in order to maximize student interest, while
ensuring that the content is still appropriate for an academic institution.
Reading skills development

Effective Reading teaches reading skills and strategies to help students
become more efficient and successful readers. Skills such as skimming,
scanning and guessing word meanings from context are found in every
unit. Effective Reading also promotes the practice of extensive reading.
Information on how to read extensively, as well as extracts from
Macmillan Graded Readers, give students the opportunity to discover that
reading in English at their level of difficulty can be an enjoyable way to
develop reading skills, as well as other language skills.
Academic vocabulary development

University students need to be able to read English materials relating to
their major, and this requires consolidating their existing knowledge
of vocabulary commonly used in academic settings. To reinforce the
vocabulary support in Effective Reading books 1–4, the Teacher’s Files
provide additional vocabulary exercises and tests on words selected from
the Academic Word List (a list of words which are common in academic
texts).
Improving vocabulary knowledge is dependent on good dictionary skills.
Using examples from the Macmillan English Dictionary, the Teacher’s
File provides dictionary skills exercises to increase students’ familiarity
with English-English dictionaries and to help students use them more
effectively.

This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. © Macmillan Publishers Limited
2009.
Overview of Effective Reading books 1–4
Each book is composed of 12 units, with two reading texts per unit. The format
of each unit is as follows:
Pre-reading exercises
These exercises activate the reader’s background knowledge to make the text
more accessible, preview key vocabulary and stimulate interest in the text.
First reading text

This is the main reading text of the unit. The core language (vocabulary and
grammar) exercises are drawn primarily from this text.
Post-reading exercises
The first post-reading exercise checks general comprehension of the first
reading text. The second post-reading exercise highlights specific sentences and
expressions from the text, which are typically problematic for learners. Rather
than waiting for the teacher to explain or translate the text, this exercise gives
students a chance to find the answers on their own.
Language development and speaking exercises

These exercises provide extended work on essential vocabulary and grammar
from the first reading text. Only language items which are common in natural
English use are selected, as these are words and structures which students are
likely to encounter again and again in their future English study. The speaking
exercises give students the chance to reflect on and evaluate the first reading
text, as well as personalize the content.
Second reading text and reading skills work

The second reading text is shorter and slightly simpler in language than the
first reading text. In this section, students further develop specific reading skills
such as skimming, scanning, reading speed, guessing word meanings from
context, and so on.

This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. © Macmillan Publishers Limited
2009.
Dictionary work using the Macmillan English Dictionary
Red and black words

In the Macmillan English Dictionary some words are red and some are black.
The red words are the 7,500 most frequently used words in English. These
7,500 words account for about 90% of all text. 2,500 of these words are the
most common words in English and have three stars in the dictionary. These
2,500 words account for about 80% of all text. The black words are less
frequent and you may need them more for reading than speaking.
Exercise 1
Five of these words are red (= more frequent) words in the
dictionary. Guess which they are and check them in the
dictionary.
gangster gangway gaol gap gape
garage rubbish garble garden
Exercise 2
Four words in the following paragraphs are not red in the
dictionary. Guess which they are and check them in the
dictionary.
A survey carried out has found some shocking lapses of etiquette in the
messages passed around by people under 20.
Many youngsters prefer to send email rather than write a letter, but the
survey reveals that most have no conception of what counts as proper
manners when penning a digital missive.
Exercise 2: lapse, etiquette, pen, missive

Exercise 1: gangster, gap, garage, rubbish, garden
Answer key

� + to There has to be a fair limit to the level of migration
ot brave
from other countries. � legal limit He had consumed more
small white than three times the legal limit of alcohol when he drove
e a pleasant home. � time limit The prescribed time limit must be strictly
complied with. � set / impose a limit Their inflation rate
a WATER LILY was above the 3% limit set by the Maastricht Treaty.
y-white skin
white people.
at you think
Dictionary work
2 the greatest amount or level of something that is
possible : + to Obviously there is a limit to the amount we
can get done in two weeks. � + of The competition tested the
limits of her ability. � beyond the limit This area of the
using the Macmillan English Dictionary
the lily-white ocean has been fished beyond sustainable limits. � stretch/
st and moral push/drive sb/sth to the limit The children were stretching
e green bean my patience to the limit.
3 the outer edge of an area : This lineELTDI$6204 of islands formed
the outer limit of the empire. � city limits No bombs landed
within the city limits.
hing limbs. �
be the limit spoken to be very annoying or upsetting :
817 Honestly, that man is the absolute limit! limitation
.......................................................................................
know your limits have a clear idea of what you are
Finding and exploring meanings
L Exercise 4
ple capable
of 12. � out of or howlimelight
of the good you are
e noorsupport
white
1 if a out
The prince has always tried to
r tree that it off
keeplimits
his children placeof is
theoff limits, you are not allowed
limelight.
to go there : The evacuated areas remained off limits to the
Look at the entry for bounce in the dictionary.
ttack or kill lim •er•ick / "lIm@rIk / noun [ C ] a humorous poem with
public. 2 not allowed or approved of : Certain con-
five lines Notice that six different meanings of the verb
troversial subjects remained off limits.
small — Lil- Finding the correct entry
lime
within •stone
limits/ "laIm%stoUn
as long as a/ situation
noun [ U ] astays
typewithin
of whitewhator bounce are shown. Match sentences a-f with
ives to make Some gray stone containing CALCIUM, used for building and
legs : a loose-
is words
considered
making CEMENT in the dictionary
reasonable : We’ll takehave caremoreof allthan
your one entry.
meanings 1-6 below. Write the correct number
people in expenses – within limits, of course.
That
limis •ey because
/ "laImi / noun the same[ C ] Am word can belong
E old-fashioned a Britishto different next to each letter.
Words
person. This frequently
word isused sometimeswith limit
used as an insult.
l vb [ I / T ] to word classes. For example, the word limit can be either a
and stretch,
cles falling adjectives agreed, legal, lower, prescribed, 1
From the fact that, in the past, British sailors drank
erttalks or in noun
in a sport limeorjuice,
a verb, strict,
that is soupper
there
full are two
of vitamin C, as aentries:
way of 1. hit surface
ble nouns age, amount, capacity, extent, 1
ve Irish
easilylilt. preventing a disease called scurvy.
gtheandRoman
falling growth, number, power, scope,
lim•it1 / "lImItsize, / nounspeed, time, weight
[ C ] �� 2. move up and down
en and HELL
ape of a bell 1verbs
the largestdefine, extend, impose,
or smallest amountintroduce,
or the highest 1 or
ns go when
other colors
Caribbean in
lowest level oflower, place, put,
something
set, specify
that raise, reduce,
is allowed : speed/spending 3. be reflected
limits � + on There are strict limits on presidential power.
a stick that � + to 2There has to be a fair limit to the level of migration
otis brave
often also lim •it / "lImIt / verb [ T ] ��
from other countries. � legal limit He had consumed more 4. when cheque is not paid
esmall
where you
white 1 to prevent a number, amount, or effect from increas-
than three times the legal limit of alcohol when he drove
nd out what
e a pleasant ing past a particular point : The hospital limits the number
o hear if she
home. � time limit The prescribed time limit must be strictly
of visitors a patient can have. � The residents’ main demand 5. move energetically
complied with. � set / impose a limit Their inflation rate
a WATER LILY from is to
the limit the amount
Macmillan of heavy
English traffic using the street. � The
Dictionary
was above the 3% limit set by the Maastricht Treaty.
regulations are designed to limit environmental damage. �
2 the greatest amount or level of something that is 6. when email comes back
limit
possiblesth to: +sth The school board has pledged to limit classes
to Obviously there is a limit to the amount we
y-white
rom limes skin
white people. Exercise 3
to a maximum of twenty-five students.
2
can get done in two weeks. � + of The competition tested the
to reduce or control someone’s freedom to do what a. 3 c. _____ e. _____
at you think limits of her ability. � beyond the limit This area of the
the lily-white Many words have multiple meanings within
they want or someone’s ability to be effective : RESTRICT :
ocean has been fished beyond sustainable limits. � stretch/
d and
st sourmoral
juice
Lack of adequate testing limits the effectiveness of the
push/drive sb/sth to the limit The children were stretching b. _____ d. _____ f. _____
one entry. Look up the word limp in the
research. � limit sb to sth The regulations limit each com-
my patience to the limit.
epicture
green ➔ beanC10
mittee to recommendations rather than allowing it to take
CEMENT and 3 the outer edge of an area : This line of islands formed
dictionary and answer these questions.
action. � limit yourself Most people limit themselves to a
the outer limit of the empire. � city limits No bombs landed
few techniques that work best for them. � be limited by sth
within the city limits.
hing limbs. �
es or tasting a. How many entries are there for the word
They were limited by the amount of money they could spend
be the limit spoken to be very annoying or upsetting :
theproduction. a. Sonar detects distance and depth by sound
L
on
Honestly,
[usuallythat manifissomething
the absolute is limit!
3 limp? 3 passive]
have a only
limited to a particular
clearinidea
waves bouncing off an object.
know your
place or group, limitsit happens thatofplace
whatoryou are
within
sweet green capable of or how good you are
that group : be limited to NATO officials said that the air
e no support b. In which word classes is the word limp used?
off limits
strikes were1limitedif a place is off limits,
to military you
targets. are right
� The not allowed
to vote b. My bank charged £30 for the cheque that
olor — was there : to
to golimited The evacuated
heads areas remained
of households off limits
and married to the
women.
ttack or%lime
kill 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____
public. 2 not allowed or approved of : Certain con- bounced.
lim •i•ta•tion / %lImI"teISn / noun ��
troversial subjects remained off limits.
on in which 1 [ C ] a rule or situation that puts a limit on something :
ion
ivesfrom
to makethe c. Is the noun limp used in the plural?
+within
on We limits as long as a situation stays within what
plan to impose limitations on the use of cars in the c. I’ve got your email address wrong. My emails
is considered reasonable : We’ll take care of all your
DiCaprio has city. space / size limitations Not all the information could
legs : a loose-
er at the age _____�
expenses – within limits, of course.
be displayed due to space limitations. 1a. [ U ] the act or
keep bouncing.
Words frequently used with limit
al vb [ I / T ] to
cles stretch,
d. In which
adjectives agreed, meaning
legal, lower, of which entry
prescribed, 1 for limp do d. He came bouncing into the room.
strict, upper
rt in a sport you find the following examples?
ve easily
nouns age, amount, capacity, extent,
growth, number, power, scope,
1 e. The jeep bounced along the rough country
the Roman 1. Rachel walks
size, speed, with
time, weighta slight limp. road.
ood Systems
en and HELL
06-08-2004 16:37:13
verbs define, extend, impose, introduce, 1
ns go when _____ lower, place, put, raise, reduce,
Caribbean in set, specify f. The ball bounced off the crossbar into the
a stick that
is often also •it2.
lim 2 He was limping slightly and he looked
/ "lImIt / verb [ T ] �� goal.
e where you 1 to tired.
prevent a number, amount, or effect from increas-
nd out what ing past a particular point : The hospital limits the number
o hear if she _____
of visitors a patient can have. � The residents’ main demand Exercise 5
is to limit the amount of heavy traffic using the street. � The
regulations are designed to limit environmental damage. � Read through the entry for bounce1 again. Using
3. a limp effort
limit sth to sth The school board has pledged to limit classes
rom limes to a maximum of twenty-five students.
the example sentences and the definitions,
_____
2 to reduce or control someone’s freedom to do what make a list of some of the things that can
they want or someone’s ability to be effective : RESTRICT :
d sour juice
4. The yacht is limping toward the island.
Lack of adequate testing limits the effectiveness of the bounce.
research. � limit sb to sth The regulations limit each com-
picture ➔ C10 _____
mittee to recommendations rather than allowing it to take ball __________ __________
CEMENT and
action. � limit yourself Most people limit themselves to a
5. limp and lifeless hair
few techniques that work best for them. � be limited by sth
__________ __________ __________
They were limited by the amount of money they could spend
es or tasting
_____
on the production.
3 [usually passive] if something is limited to a particular
place or group, it happens only in that place or within
sweet green that group : be limited to NATO officials said that the air
strikes were limited to military targets. � The right to vote
olor — %lime was limited to heads of households and married women.
lim•i•ta•tion / %lImI"teISn / noun ��
on in which 1 [ C ] a rule or situation that puts a limit on something : band), light, sound (e.g. radar waves), cheque, email message
ion from the + on We plan to impose limitations on the use of cars in the Exercise 5: objects (e.g. hailstones), vehicles (e.g. jeep), people (e.g. baby, kids,
DiCaprio has city. � space / size limitations Not all the information could
er at the age be displayed due to space limitations. 1a. [ U ] the act or Exercise 4: a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 5 e. 2 f. 1
meaning 1 3. limp2, meaning 2 4. limp1, meaning 2 5. limp2, meaning 1
Exercise 3: a. 3 b. verb, adjective, noun c. No, it isn’t. d. 1. limp3 2. limp1,
Answer key
ood Systems 06-08-2004 16:37:13
Understanding definitions
The dictionary gives the meaning of words in short and clear definitions using a carefully selected
‘defining vocabulary’ of 2,500 words.
Exercise 6
Match the words a-j with the definitions 1-10.
a. failure 1. to run at a slow steady speed, usually for exercise or pleasure
b. joke 2. to say things that are intended to make people laugh
c. jog 3. to pause before doing something
d. crawl 4. a lack of success in doing something
e. affect 5. a situation in which harm, death, damage or destruction is

possible
f. effect
6. to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoilt or
g. damage injured
h. danger 7. to move along the ground on your hands and knees or with
i. tease your body close to the ground
j. hesitate 8. to say something to someone in order to have fun by
embarrassing or annoying them slightly
BLOOMSBURY 9. to change or influence something
ELTDI$6001
10. a change that is produced in one person or thing by another

join 761 joker
...........................................................................................................................................
%Joint %Chiefs of "Staff, the the leaders of each of
Collocations
be joined in marriage/holy matrimony very formal to
get married the main divisions of the U.S. military forces who
When learning English words, it is useful to learn
join battle very formal to start fighting c. adverbs
together make important military decisions
join the club spoken used for saying that you have the %joint "custody noun [ U ] legal an arrangement in which
the
samewords
problem they often occur
or experience as thewith (their collocations).
one someone else parents who are divorced both have responsibility for
has just mentioned
The dictionary helps you to know which words
1. listen ________ ________ ________
taking care of a child and can both give the child a
join hands 1 to hold someone else’s hand in your hand home for some of the time
are
2 tofrequently
work togetherused together.
with another One way
organization, in which
country, 2. reduce ________ ________ ________
joint•ed / "dZOInt@d / adj 1 a jointed arm, leg, or other
etc. to help and support each other can bend because it has JOINTS 2 mainly Br E a
partthe
information
join a line to goisandgivenstandon collocations
at the end of a line is in a box at
of people jointed chicken has been cut into pieces so that it can
who
endBEATare waiting
of1 the entry. for something be eaten easily d. nouns
➔ %joint reso"lution noun [ C ] legal a formal decision or
Words frequently used with join 1. a popular ________ ________ ________
statement that both houses of the U.S. Congress have
nouns army, band, club, group, party, 2 agreed on and that becomes law when the president
signs it
team, union 2. a brief ________ ________ ________
%joint-"stock %company noun [ C ] Am E business a
%join "in phrasal vb [ I / T ] [join in sth] to do an activity with company that anyone can invest in by buying SHARES in
from
peoplethewhoMacmillan
are already English
doingDictionary
it : She laughed and Tom it
joined in. � Pat didn’t feel like joining in the celebrations. %joint "venture noun [ C ] business an agreement between
%join "up phrasal vb 1 [ I ] to become a member of the armed two companies to work together on a particular job,
Exercise 7
forces : He joined up right after high school. 2 [ I / T ] same usually in order to share any risk involved
as join 1 : You need to join up these two lines. 3 [ I ] to meet
1
joist / dZOIst / noun [ C ] a long piece of wood or metal put
List three words that you think typically
or work with someone else : I’m going to Germany first, below a floor or ceiling to support it
but we’re planning to join up in Norway. 4 [ I ] to work
occur with these words. Check in the joke1 / dZoUk / noun [ C ] ��
together to achieve something : We’re joining up with 1 something you say or do that is intended to make
dictionary.
another research team.
glimpse, interlude, moment, nod, pause, period, stay, visit, word
people laugh : Is this some kind of stupid joke? � Greg
"join with phrasal vb [ T ] formal [join with sb] to say or do sprayed her with water as a joke. � make / crack a joke
d. 1. belief, misconception, myth, opinion, view 2. encounter,
something with other people : join with sb in doing sth
a. verbs
J
(=say something funny) The men all sat there drinking
I’m sure everyone joins with me in wishing him a speedy beer and cracking jokes. � play a joke on sb (=do something
significantly, substantially
recovery. to trick someone) Stephen decided to play a joke on his
turn
1. ________ ________ ________ head
join2 / dZOIn / noun [ C ] the place where two objects have
considerably, dramatically, drastically, gradually, greatly, sharply,
teacher. � sb’s idea of a joke (=an action that someone
been connected together : I don’t think you’ll be able to c. 1. attentively, carefully, closely, hard, intently, politely 2.
thinks is funny but you do not) Hiding my car keys was
see the join when I’ve glued the pieces together. her idea of a joke. 1a. a short story that is funny at the
2. ________ ________ ________ payment
joined-up / %dZOInd "Vp / adj informal joined-up writing end. The last line of the joke is called the punchline :
important, major, outstanding, positive, significant, useful, valuable
is writing in which the letters are joined to each other. tell a joke Soon the kids relaxed and were laughing and
b. 1. bandy, bare, hairy, long, shapely, slender 2. great, huge,
b. adjectives
This word is used especially by children. telling jokes. � + about He told us a great joke about a
joined-up thinking / government / policy etc. mainly talking dog. � sick joke (=a very unpleasant joke) a sick
meet, receive, secure, suspend, withhold
joke about a dog in a microwave oven � get the joke
1. _______ _______ _______ leg
journalism a way of doing something in which all the
(=understand why the story is funny) Sorry – I don’t get
shake, tilt, toss 2. accept, authorize, delay, demand, enforce, make,
separate parts work sensibly and well with each other
the joke. Can you explain it?
join•er / "dZOIn@r / noun [ C ] someone whose job is to
Exercise 7: a. 1. bend, bow, cock, duck, incline, lift, lower, nod,
2. _______ _______ _______ contribution
make the wooden parts of buildings, for example doors
2 something that is funny : The nurses thought it was all
a huge joke. 2a. something that is so bad or silly it
Exercise 6: a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 7 e. 9 f. 10 g. 6 h. 5 i. 8 j. 3
and windows — compare CARPENTER annoys you : That price is just a joke!
join•er•y / "dZOIn@ri / noun [ U ] the work done by a joiner Answer key
be no joke to be very difficult or unpleasant : It’s no joke
— compare CARPENTRY bringing up two kids on your own.
joint1 / dZOInt / adj [only before noun] �� 8involving Effective
two Reading
can take a jokeTeacher’s
if you canFile
take a joke, you are able to
or more people or done by them together : The two
This page haslaugh
been when someone
downloaded makes
from a joke about you or does© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009.
www.macmillanenglish.com.
presidents issued a joint statement. � a joint decision � a something to trick you
joint bank account � My sister and I had a joint birthday go/get beyond a joke if a situation goes beyond a joke,
party. � joint favorite Bates and Morgan are joint favorites it becomes annoying or makes you feel worried
play or move around in a lively and often noisy way rook•ie / "rUki / noun [ C ] �
romp home/to victory mainly journalism to win some- 1 Am E someone who has been a professional sport
thing such as a race or competition very easily player for less than one year
"romp %through phrasal vb [ T ] informal [romp through sth] 2 informal someone who has just started doing a job
to do something quickly and easily or activity and does not have much experience : a rooki
Dictionary work
police officer
romp2 / rAmp / noun 1 [singular] mainly journalism a
victory in a sport that is achieved very easily 2 [ C ] an room1 / rum / noun ��
occasion on which using the Macmillan
children or animals play English or move 1 [ C ] a part of a building with a floor, walls, and a
Dictionary
around in a lively and often noisy way 3 [ C ] mainly ceiling : On the second floor were two large empty rooms. �
journalism an occasion on which people have sex Annie got up and left the room. 1a. [ C ] a bedroom in a
without intending to have a serious relationship 4 [ C ] home or in a place such as a hotel : My mom told me t
a movie, play, or book that is lively and enjoyable, and clean up my room. � I’m staying in Room 52. � a double
BLOOMSBURY not intended to be serious ELTDI$5801 single room 1b. [ C usually singular] all the people in a
room : The whole room stood up and cheered. 1c. rooms
romp•ers / "rAmp@rz / noun [plural] a piece of com- [plural] a set of rooms that you rent, usually in anothe
fortable clothing for babies and small children that is person’s house or in a college
made of one piece of material and covers their whole 2 [ U ] the amount of space needed for a particula
hammock 633 body
........................................................................................................................................... hand purpose : There isn’t much room in here. � + for Is ther
rood / rud / noun [ C ] 1 technical a large cross in a Chris-
Finding idioms and phrases room for one more in your car? � room for sb to do sth Ther
something very hard several times : There was a loud sb’s church
tian hand in 2 amarriage
unit for measuringold-fashioned areapermission
that is equal to
was just enough room for them all to sit down. � room to
hammering on the door.
To findtomarry
ana quartera particular
idiom ofor anphrase woman
ACRE or 0.1012 in theHECTARESdictionary, try following do sth Thethese
bandsteps:
was good, but there was no room to dance
ham•mock / "h&m@k / noun [ C ] a bed consisting of a "rood hand over fist informal if you make or spend money
%screen � take up room This table takes up too much room. � make
long piece of cloth or net tied at each end to posts or hand over fist, youC ]earnnoun [ a large ordecorated
spend it screen in very in somelarge
1. Decide which
Christian
amounts is thethat
churches keyword
separates inthe the main idiomatic
part of the room (=create
expression. Usually
spacethis word other
by moving is a things) We need to
trees make room in here for the computer. � leave room for sth
church
sb’s1hands fromare thetiedpartsomeone
where the ALTAR is
cannot do what they want
ham•per1 / "h&mp@r / verb [ T often passive] 1 to prevent noun rooforto verb,
something from happening or progressing normally : / rufsometimes
do because / (plural roofs / rufs
something
an
such /adjective
a rule/ ruvz
orasrooves or /)adverb.
or law noun
prevents [C] Leave room between each plant for the roots to grow.
��
it 3 [ U ] [+for] the possibility for something to exist o
The search was hampered by heavy snowfall. 2 to limit
someone’s freedom to move 2. Look1hands up
the the top keyword
off outer
used part
for ofina someone
telling the
buildingdictionary
:not
Thetoroof touchto see
is leaking
or take idiom: There
if thecontroversial
happen is there. If not,
is plenty of room tryfor disagreement in thi
area. � There’s no room for doubt as to wh
something � a thatched roof (=made of straw) — picture ➔ C1
ham•per2 / "h&mp@r / noun [ C ] 1 Am E a large basket one ofagain.the
1a.
hands other
the up top1outer words.
usedpart for of a vehicle
asking people: Onetoman tellhad
youclimbed
if they did this. � there is room for improvement (=an indirec
in which you keep dirty clothes until you wash them way of saying something is not very good) There i
2 Br E a large basket with a lid, used for carrying the knowthe
onto theroofanswer of to acar.
his 1b.
question 2
the used
top by someone
outer part who
of a
food for a PICNIC (=meal that you are going to eat outside) 3. Idioms are usually
is pointing
temporary a gun given
structure at: Rain
people after the
to tell
pattered onthemdefinitions
the to raise
roof of theclearly
both
of the tent. different senses
room for of the
improvement in a number of managemen
2their highest3part
the hands used offor asking peoplearea
an underground to tell or you if they:
structure areas.
ham•ster / "h&mst@r / noun [ C ] a very small furry word. rock wantformations
somethingon the roof of the cave not enough room to swing a cat informal used fo
animal with a short tail, kept as a pet to bemouth
in a situation
3have/get
the hard sbtop eating
partout of theof your
inside handof your saying that a room is very small and there is not enough
ham•string / "h&m%strIN / noun [ C ] a TENDON behind your in through
which someone will
knee go the roof 1 do anything
informal that you quickly
to increase want them to space to live comfortably in it
atovery
do high level : Stock prices have gone through the roof room to maneuver the opportunity to change or do
ham•strung / "h&m%strVN / adj prevented from doing have a hand in sth to help make something happen
in the past six months. 2 informal to suddenly become things in a different way
what you want to do have sb/ sth on your hands to have a person or a
1 extremely angry Words frequently used with room
hand / h&nd / noun �� problem that you must deal
raise the roof informal 1 to make a lot of noise : The
with
have time on your hands to have more time available nouns argument, complacency, debate, 3
1 body part at end of arm 6 advantages in situation commotion raised the roof. 2 to complain in an angry
H
than you need disagreement, doubt,
2 help 7 sb working on farm/ship noisy way
have your hands full to be extremely busy with a improvement
3 clapping 8 handwriting the roof of
difficult jobthe world used for referring to a very high
4 part of clock 9 unit of height of horses place
in hand such1asifthe top of a mountain
something is in hand, you are already room2 / rum / verb [ I ] to share a room, apartment, o
5 set of cards you hold + PHRASES adealing
roof over withyour it 2 head if you a have to live : Some
place something in people
hand, you are house with one or more people : Jean and I roomed
from the struggling
areMacmillan
managing to keep it a
English wellroof soover
Dictionary
that their head.
it happens in the way it together at college. � + with I’m rooming with two othe
1 [ C ] the part of your body at the end of each arm that under sb’s roof in someone’s
should 3 Br E if a player or team has a game in hand, home : As long as you’re guys this semester.
you use for picking up and holding things : Mrs. Bennet living underplayed my roof,
they have oneyou’llgame doless
as Ithan
say. an opponent %room and "board noun [ U ] an arrangement where you
put her hands over her ears to shut out the noise. � have/
R
under
in sb’sthe hands same roof in theissame
if something home : They
in someone’s couldthey
hands, no have a room to sleep in and meals are also provided fo
hold sth in your hand He was holding a mug of coffee in his longer bear to livefor
are responsible under the company
it : The same roof.is now in the hands
left hand. � hold sb’s hand He sat by the bed and held her 1
you : She pays $140 per week for room and board.
HIT bank. � in good / safe hands I knew that Rebecca was
of the
➔
hand. � take sb by the hand George took her by the hand Exercise 8
2
room•er / "rum@r / noun [ C ] Am E someone who rents a
and helped her out of the car. � hold hands (=hold each roof
in safe / ruf
hands/ verb with
%roof my"over phrasal vb [ T ] to cover an area
parents. room in someone else’s house
keepayour
with : hand
roofsentences
We roofed in toover practice
our patio something
last summer. so that you
other’s hands) The park was full of young couples holding 1. Read the
are still
and underline the idiomatic expression
room•ful / "rumfUl / noun [ C ] ainlarge number of people
hands. � hand in hand (=holding each other’s hand) They "roof %boxable noun to do[ C ] ita well
large hard container that fits on or things that fill a room : a roomful of noisy children
walked along the cliff top hand in hand. � shake hands each. the keep roof
something
your car off informal to not touch someone or
of ahands room•ie / "rumi / noun [ C ] Am E informal a ROOMMATE
The two men introduced themselves and shook hands. roofed
off hand / ruft / adj do
if you with not a roof
know : ansomething
old roofed bridge off hand,� + with
you room•ing house / "rumIN %haUs / noun [ C ] a house tha
— picture ➔ next page
2 [singular] help : give sb a hand (=help someone) Can2. Guess the keyword in thebutidiom and lookconsists
up this word that to find
huts
cannot roofed with
remember palm leaves
the information you could find it of rooms people can rent. Br E lodging
you
give me a hand with these boxes? � like/want/need a hand
roof
out •er / "ruf@ / noun [ C ] someone whose job is to build house
Do you need a hand with the dusting? � lend a hand (=help)
the meaning
or
onrepair
hand the of the
roofs of buildings
if someone idiom.
is on hand, they are available to room•mate / "rum%meIt / noun [ C ] someone who you
Lydia said she would lend a hand with the costumes. help%garden
"roof you if younoun need[ Cthem ] an outside area with plants on share a room, apartment, or house with. Br E usually
3 [singular] if people give someone a hand, they CLAP a. She the flathas
on the roof always
one hand . .
of a building . on been the apple of her father’s
the other hand used for giving eye.
flatmate
their hands to show that they have enjoyed a per- two different opinions about something : On the one hand,
roof•ing / "rufIN / noun [ U ] 1 material used for making "room %service noun [ U ] a service provided by a hote
formance : a big hand for sb A big hand for the band, ladies keyword
expansion would = ___apple__
be good, but
or repairing the roofs of buildings 2 the process of on the other hand it would
that allows you to have food and drink brought to you
and gentlemen! � give sb a big hand Let’s give the children be sad to or
building lose the family
repairing atmosphere.
roofs room
on (your) hands and knees on the floor, with your
a big hand.
4 [ C ] the hands on a clock are the long parts that move
b. roof
At
hands•the
less last
and/ "rufl@s
meeting,
your lower / adj with legs on noI the
gotground
roof cold feet and I haven’t been therenoun
%room "temperature since.
[ U ] the normal temperature
"roof
out %rack noun [ C ]well a LUGGAGE : RACK
Br E controlled get out on aofcar hand We inside a building that is neither too hot nor too cold
around and show the time keyword of hand =not __________ Red wine is best served at room temperature.
5 [ C ] the set of cards that have been given to you in a roof •topto/leave
decided "ruf%tAp before/ noun [ C ] the
things got out
outsideof hand.of the roof of a
game of cards — picture ➔ C16 out of your
building, hands if
especially something
when you are is looking
out of your at ithands,
from room•y / "rumi / adj 1 large and providing you with a
6 [singular] informal the advantages you have that give c. It’s someone
above been elsedifficult,
: a jumble is ofnow redin but a.now
charge
rooftops it there’s
of [only before noun]light used at the lot of end
space :of the car
a roomy tunnel.
2 roomy clothing is large and
you a chance to be successful in a particular situation : take/get
about your hands
something that is informal
off built on ato roof stop: atouching comfortable
play your hand (=use your advantages) Everything keyword
someone or something
restaurant/swimming
= __________ pool ➔ SHOUT 1
rooftop
1
roost / rust / verb [ I ] when birds or BATS roost, they go
depends on how the company plays its hand. � show / tip take1 sb
rook / rUkin /handnoun to [ C ]start
1 a controlling
piece in thesomeone shape of who a tower has somewhere to rest or sleep
your hand (=let an opponent know what your advantages d. It been
used seems
in the pretty
behaving badly
game of CHESS risky, but—I picture
: CASTLE think➔ we’ll C16 2 a
takesb’s
the plunge.
chickens come home to roost or sth comes home
are) The trick is not to show your hand too early. to hand Br E near where you are and therefore available
large
keyword black European = __________ bird like a CROW that lives in big to roost used for saying that bad actions or mistake
7 [ C ] someone who does physical work 7a. someone to use
noisy groups from the past have unpleasant results in the present
who works on a farm : It was a large farm, with over 20 turn your hand to sth to start doing something new,
hired hands. 7b. someone who works on a ship e. He’s
especially something
not in her good books. that involves skill : The former
8 [ C ] mainly literary someone’s HANDWRITING : The manu- model has now turned her hand to acting.
script was written in the author’s own hand. keyword 1
➔ DECK , FORCE =2, __________ 1
HANDS DOWN, LIVE , PUMP , UPPER
1 1
9 [ C ] a unit for measuring how tall a horse is hand2 / h&nd / verb [ T ] �� to give something to
at hand very close to you and easy to reach : Help is someone by holding it in your hand and offering it to
always at hand if you need it. � close / near at hand I
f. It’s obvious what you have
them : hand sth to sb Talbot handed the
to do:Systems
Selwood
paper to
here it is in black and white.
the man. 09-04-2003 13:11:23
always keep my calculator close at hand.
at the hands of sb if you suffer or die at the hands of
keyword = __________
� hand sb sth Sarah handed me an envelope.
you have to hand it to sb spoken used for saying that
someone, they make you suffer or die : They suffered you admire someone for something they have done
defeat at the hands of the French.
by hand 1 using your hands rather than a machine %hand "back phrasal vb [ T ] to give something back to
2 if a letter is delivered by hand, it is not delivered by someone : hand sth back to sb Jean handed the letter back
the mail service to Doug. � hand sb sth back The officer handed me my
first/second/third hand if you experience something passport back.
first hand, you experience it yourself. If you experience %hand "down phrasal vb [ T ] 1 to give knowledge or skill to
something second hand or third hand, someone else someone who is younger than you and will live after
tells you about it. you have died : These skills have been handed down from
get/lay your hands on sth to manage to obtain some- generation to generation. 2 to give clothes, toys, etc. to a
thing : I couldn’t lay my hands on a copy of the book. younger child when an older child no longer needs
go hand in hand to happen or exist together : Economic them
success and job creation go hand in hand. hand down a judgment/sentence/punishment to say
hand in glove if you work hand in glove with someone, officially that someone will receive a particular pun-
you work very closely with them ishment
e. in her good books (book) f. in black and white (black-and-white)

Exercise 8: b. got cold feet (foot) c. light at the end of the tunnel (light) d. take the plunge (plunge)
Answer key
Selwood Systems 09-04-2003 12:27:50
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Exploring
gangster a dictionary page 574 gargantuan
...........................................................................................................................................
gang
gangster
gangster•ster / "g&Nst@r / noun [ C ] � a member of an organ-
gangster 574574gar•bage / "gArbIdZ / noun [ U ] �
574 gargantuan
gargantuan
gargantuan
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
ized group of criminals : a movie about Chicago gangsters 1 waste material that you are throwing away, for
gang
gang
gang •ster
in the•ster
ster
•1920s
/ "g&Nst@r
/ "g&Nst@r
/ "g&Nst@r
/ noun
/ /noun
noun [ C[]C[�
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member ofofan
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organ-
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gar
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/ "gArbIdZ food
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/ "gArbIdZ / /or
/ noun empty
noun[ U[ ]U[ U
noun containers.
] ]�
� � Br E usually
gang
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ized
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group
group of1ofcriminals
•group /criminals
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criminals
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movie
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Chicago
Chicago
Chicago or metal
gangsters
gangsters 1rubbish
11
waste
waste
waste
material
material
material that
that
thatyou
you
you areare
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throwing
throwing
throwingaway,
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away,for
for
for
structure
inin
in
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the
1920s that can be put in place between a ship and
1920s
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example
example informal spoiled
spoiled
spoiledsomething
foodfood
food oror or someone
emptyempty
empty containers.says or writes
containers.
containers. Br Br Br that
EEusually
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usually is
land•way
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gang •to let1 people
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/ "g&N%weIget /off
/ "g&N%weI
/ "g&N%weI or
/noun
/nounon
noun the
[ C[]C ship
[ C]a]aflat
aflat
flat
board
board
board
oror
or
metal
metal
metal completely
rubbish false, silly, or wrong
rubbish
rubbish
gang •way
structure
structure
structurethat2
that
that/can
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put / in
put
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inin
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place
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between
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aship
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ship
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anda
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informal
garbage informal
informal in,something
something
something
garbagesomeone someone
someone
out/GIGO says says
says oror
computing or
writes
writes
writes that
usedthat
thatis
forisis
crowd
land
land
land tototo letof
letlet people
people
people
people get toget
get move
offoffoff
oror oronapart
on on
the thethe and
shipshipshipform a passage completely
completely
completely
saying that false,
false,
iffalse,
you silly,
silly,
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put orbad or or
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wrong
information into a computer,
gang because
gang
gang •way •way
•way someone
2 2 2
/ "g&N%weI
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/ "g&N%weIor something
/ /interjection
/ interjection
interjection is coming usedused
used through
tototowarn warna aa garbage
warn the
garbage
garbageresults in, in, itgarbage
in, produces
garbage
garbage will
out/GIGO
out/GIGO
out/GIGO also be bad
computing
computing
computing used
used
used forfor
for
gan
crowd
crowd
crowd •jaofof / of
"gAndZ@;
peoplepeople
people toto "g&ndZ@
tomove
move
move / apart
apart nounand
apart [and
andU ] form form
form
MARIJUANA a apassage espe- "garbage
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a passage saying
saying
saying thatthat
that %bag
ififyou ifyou noun
you put putput [bad
bad Cbad ] information
Am E a largeinto
information
information plastic
into
into bag used
a acomputer,
acomputer,
computer,
cially
because
because
because ofsomeone
asomeone
someonevery strong oror orsomethingkind isiscoming
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something iscoming
coming through
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badbadbad
gan
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ja
•ja //"gAndZ@;
/ "gAndZ@;
/ "gAndZ@;
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"g&ndZ@
noun [ C/ ] /noun
a/ noun
noun
large [ U[ ]U [ U]MARIJUANA
white ] MARIJUANA
sea bird
MARIJUANA , ,espe- that
, espe- "garbage
espe- "garbage
"garbage %bag %can
%bag
%bag nounnoun
noun
noun [ C[[]C[CCAm
]]]Am Am
Am E EE aEalargeaalargelarge deep bag
plastic
plastic
plastic container
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bag used
used
used
lives
cially
cially
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ofof avery
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strong
strong kind kind
kind with
for
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garbage
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garbage you keep outside for holding garbage
gan
gan gan •net•try
net
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/"g&ntri
/ "g&n@t
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noun noun ]1]alarge
[[CC[]C][ Ca large
alargelarge white tall
white
white metal
seasea
sea structure
bird
bird
bird thatthat that
that "garbage
"garbage
"garbage is ready%can %can%can to be
noun
noun
noun collected.
[ C[]C[ C]Am ]Am Am E EaBr EalargeE dustbin
alargelarge deep
deep
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container
container
used
lives
lives
lives onon for
oncliffssupporting
cliffs
cliffs lights, signals, etc., or for moving "garbage with
withwith a alid alid col%lector
lidthat that
that you youyou keep noun
keep
keep outside[outside
C ] Amfor
outside Eforsomeone
for holding
holding
holding whose
garbage
garbage
garbage job
gan heavy
gan
gan •try•try
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/ "g&ntri
/ "g&ntri
"g&ntri / noun on
/ /nounnoun [tracks
C[]C[ 1
C] ]11 2alarge
a alarge technical
large tall tall
tall
metal a large
metal
metal structure struc-
structure
structure is
that
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that is collect
is ready
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be garbage
be be
collected.
collected.
collected. left Br outside
Br BrE E E
dustbin in
dustbin
dustbin bags or cans
ture
used
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used for that
for
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supporting used tolights,
supporting
supporting build
lights,
lights, and
signals, repair
signals,
signals, etc., a or
etc.,
etc., oror
ROCKETforfor
for or
moving
movingother "garbage
moving "garbage
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col%lector
col%lector
col%lector noun
nounnounnoun [ C[[C]C[]Am
C] Am
]Am Am Easomeone
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someone electrical
whose
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heavy
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large struc- struc- isequipment
struc- istoistotocollect
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collect the under
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water dis%posal and for nounnoun washing
noun [ C[]C[ C ] ]Am
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E EaEapiece apiece
piecethat ofcuts
ofofelectrical
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space
space
gaol space •vehicle
er vehicle
vehicle
/ "dZeIl@r / a Br E spelling of jailer waste
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under small the thethe pieces
kitchen
kitchen
kitchen so that SINKSINK water
SINK (=container will carry
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gap
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[C ] ]��
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11 a aspace
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for
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2
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2 22 toto ing
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atat very
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KITCHEN
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GARDEN
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GARDEN spends most weekends gardening.
2 22
large
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noun any any[any
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11 two-car
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2
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includes
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gardens
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/ "gArdn@r
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HOUSE
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and is influenced by DISCO music
1211 someone
someone
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whose
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whose enjoys
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tototo take take
take plants
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garden : the at
: :the
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33a.
33 [ U[ ]U[aUa] ]atype
type
atype type of
ofofof U.S.
U.S.U.S.U.S. rock
dance
dance
dance music
music
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music that
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developed
developed
developed in
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growing
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large and andand isisis
white good
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flower
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Exercise 9 musicians.
1960s
1960s
1960s and andand isisinfluenced
isinfluenced
influenced byby byBritish
British
British ROCK
ROCK
ROCK AND ANDANDROLL
ROLL
ROLL. It
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thatit smells What sweet word for garbage is more common in
4 [ C ] aplayed place where you go to buy gas :not gar gar
gar •de de
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/ gAr"dini@
//gAr"dini@
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alarge
the large white
activitywhite
white flower
offlower
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plan-
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ga
mainly
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played
dictionary byby by peoplepeople
•rage2 / g@"rAZ; g@"rAdZ / verb [ T ] to keep a vehicle
musicians.
musicians.
musicians.
people who who
who
page werewere
were not
and not
GAS professional
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answer
STATION
that
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smells
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and very British
very
looking very sweet afterEnglish?
sweet
sweet a garden : He enjoys gardening. �
STATION the gar gar
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a •gardening manual/book
/ "gArdnIN
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the activity
activity
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plan-
plan-
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the following
44 4
[ C[]C[ C
inside a] ]aplace
aplace questions.
building
place wherewhere
where : The you you
you gogo
old goto toto
barn buy buybuy
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used gas : for
: GAS :GAS
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: He
: party which �of�� the
gagaga•rage
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vehicles. 2 22
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verb [ T[]T[ T]to]totokeepkeep
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enjoys
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large yard
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agardening a lot of manual/book
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1. Whichsells
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for
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of of
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nouns?
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nounnoun [ C[]C[ Am
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] ]Am Am E Ean Egarage,
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occasion
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whenwhen
when someone
someone
someone with garbage? ➔
sells
sells
sells
Garagefurniture,
furniture,
furniture,
sales are clothes,
clothes,
clothes,
also called books,
books,
books, yard toys,
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toys,
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becausethat
that they
they
they
people dodo do %garden
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C1 "shed"shed
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noun [ C[]C[ C]a]asmall a smallsmall building
building
building for for
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more "garden-va%riety
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garden tools,
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and and other before
other
other equipmentnoun] Am—E
equipment
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picture
—picture
picture ➔➔➔
1C1 not very interesting : We saw a show when wed.
a. bin b. can c. bucket basket
usually have them in their garage, DRIVEWAY, or yard
2. How next
Garage
Garage
many
Garage tosalestheir
sales
sales
entries
are home.
are arealso also
also called
areyard
called
called
there
yard
yard sales
sales
sales
for
because
gap?
because
because people
people
people
and
C1C were
in New
"garden-va%riety
"garden-va%riety
"garden-va%riety York but it was
adj adjadj nothing
[only[only
[only before
before special
before noun]
noun]
noun]– just
Am Am Am your
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ordinary
ordinary
ordinary
usually
usually
usually havehavehave them
them
them ininin their
their
their garage,
garage,
garage, DRIVEWAY
DRIVEWAY
DRIVEWAY , or
, ,oror
yard
yard
yard
garb
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next to
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totheir
totheir
/ home.
noun
information
their home.
home.
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of clothing, for variety
and
and and not notnot musical.
very veryvery interesting
interesting
interesting : We : :We We saw sawsaw a ashowashow
show whenwhen
when we wewewere
were
were
example clothing that shows your situation in life or gar
ininNew •gan
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it itwas waswas nothing
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customary
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of complete
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for variety
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your situation
situation
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gar •gan•gan
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extremely
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the sentence:
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: :his
his his dog
customary
customary
customary escaped
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military
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gargantuan
gargantuan appetite
appetite
appetite
3. in 4. rubbish 5. can
Exercise 9: 1. gangster, gap, garage 2. four
yard through a gap ___ the fence. Answer key
10 Effective Reading
Selwood Systems Teacher’s
09-04-2003 File
12:18:33
Selwood
Selwood
Selwood
Systems
Systems
Systems09-04-2003
09-04-2003
09-04-2003
12:18:33
12:18:33
12:18:33
many sugars do you take? May/Can I suggest. . .? a polite and formal way of
2 [ C ] science one of a group of sweet substances con- suggesting something
tained in plants
3 [singular] spoken used for talking to someone you like May/Can/Could I make a way of suggesting
or love : Come on, sugar, eat your dinner. a suggestion? something, often used
when interrupting people
sug•ar2 / "SUg@r / verb [ T ] 1 to add sugar to something
Dictionary work
who are already
or cover something with sugar : Have you sugared my
discussing what to do
tea? 2 to try to make something seem less unpleasant
than it is : Did they offer to sugar the deal? — sug•ared adj: using the Macmillan English Dictionary
Examples:
sugared almonds
How about going out to dinner tonight?
"sugar %beet noun [ C / U ] a vegetable that grows under
the ground and is used for producing sugar I know, let’s go swimming!
"sugar %bowl noun [ C ] a bowl used for serving sugar, Why don’t you try phoning their office number
often with a lid — picture ➔ BOWL instead?
"sugar %cane noun [ C / U ] a tall tropical plant with thick Perhaps we could ask Jerry’s father if he has a tent
stems that is used for producing sugar
he could lend us?
sug•ar-coat•ed / "SUg@r %koUt@d / adj 1 trying to make
something seem less unpleasant than it is : a sugar- I suppose we could always go to the movies instead.
Word classes
coated picture of military service 2 covered in sugar :
sugar-coated cereal
May I suggest Many thatwords
we postpone in English
discussingcan
this be
untilused in more than one
Each headword (the main word listed
"sugar %daddy noun [ C ] informal an older man who for each entry) word
the next meeting? class. For example, the word back can be an
hasgives
a label that woman
a younger showsexpensive
its wordpresents,
class, for example, Could
especially I make a suggestion? Why don’t we put all the
adverb (Go back to school!),
guests on the first floor and then everyone will be happy?
an adjective (He went
in exchange for a romantic or sexual relationship
sug•ar•y / "SUg@ri / adj 1 tasting sweet from sugar : The sug•gest•i•ble / s@g"dZest@bl / adj easily influenced bydown and hurt my
noun, adj (= adjective), phrasal vb (= phrasal verb) and out the back door), a noun (I fell
iced tea is too sugary. 2 sugary talk or behavior is
adverb. other peopleback),
: Children and a verb
of this backed
(Heoften
age are highly hissug-car into the parking
intended to please people but is not sincere : Don’t be
S
taken in by his sugary compliments. gestible. — sug space).
•gest•i•bil •ty / s@g%dZest@"bIl@ti
In•ithe dictionary, each [U]
/ noundifferent meaning of
sug•gest / s@g"dZest / verb [ T ] �� sug•ges•tion / s@g"dZestS@n / noun ��
1 to offer an idea or a plan for someone to consider :
the word is given a separate
1 [ C ] an idea or plan that you offer for someone to entry (or subentry) that is
The report suggested various ways in which the service numbered
consider : If you’re looking for in last-minute
order of Christmas
frequency. pres-
could be improved. � + (that) I suggest we have dinner first, ents, here are some suggestions. � + that The committee
fromandthe
then Macmillan
watch the English
movie. �Dictionary
+ what / why / where etc. Can rejected a suggestion that stock options should be offered to
anyone suggest what we should do to increase sales? �
suggest doing sth If there is a mechanical problem, we
Exercise 11
junior employees. � + for / about He had some good sug-
gestions for making improvements in our service. � make /
Exercise 10
suggest contacting the manufacturer directly. Read
offer a suggestion theI make
Could sentences and about
a few suggestions study the
2 to tell someone about something that may be useful the way your essay is structured? � open to suggestions
Write a correct
or appropriate for aword class
particular from
purpose the box
: RECOMMEND : next tounderlined
(=willing consider suggestions) words.We have a few ideas
to Can
each you suggest an inexpensive restaurant? � The doctor
suggested word.
rest as an Then
alternativecheck in the dictionary.
to surgery.
for the show, but we’re open to suggestions. 1a. [ U ] the
3 to say that something is likely to exist or be true :

1. Write
act of suggesting something the word
: at sb’s classIt was
suggestion of theat underlined
Larry’s suggestion that I attended the meeting.
IMPLY : The cause of the problem, as Hutton suggests, is the
2 [singular] word.
the possibility that something is true, or
noun
leadership’sconjunction form of criticism. � + (that)
refusal to accept anyinterjection preposition
evidence showing that something may be true : + that
Are you seriously suggesting she did this on purpose? � I’m
adjective
not suggesting that giving up smoking will be easy. 3a. to 2. Now
The senator rejected find the
any suggestion thatword
she was toinblame.
the dictionary and
� There is no suggestion that the plan will adversely affect
make you think that something is likely to exist or be
true : As its name suggests, the Carlton Beach Hotel is employment in write the
the city. � headword
+ of They dismissed anyand its entry number.
suggestion
situated near the ocean. � Evidence suggests a link between of a link between factory emissions and acid rain. 2a. a
a. scenery noun
_ __ h. during
asthma and pollution. � + (that) Recent research suggests _______
small sign of something : + of
a. Their wages are the lowest
There was a suggestion of in town.
that the drug may be beneficial to people with muscular rain in the air.
b. hello
disorders. _______ i. indoor _______ 3 [ U ] the action of _______
influencing someone ________
to make a
4 formal to remind you of something : The architecture mental connection between one thing and another : The
suggested a chapel. success of advertising depends on the power of suggestion.
c. with _______ j. please _______ b. Airlines face enormous losses.
_______ ________
d. convinced _______ k. whereas _______
c. She came second in the tournament.
e. whether _______ l. provided _______
Selwood Systems 11-13-2003 17:15:51 _______ ________
f. frail _______ m. blessing _______
d. Of course we believe we are fighting for a
g. honey _______ n. despite _______ just cause.
_______ ________
e. I’m halfway through the book.
_______ ________
d. adjective, just2 e. adverb, halfway1

Exercise 11: a. noun, wage1 b. verb, face2 c. number, second1
i. adjective j. interjection k. conjunction l. conjunction m. noun n. preposition
Exercise 10: b. interjection c. preposition d. adjective e. conjunction f. adjective g. noun h. preposition
Answer key
articular way balm
222
2
ment /something
22 bAm
something/ noun
something
something
something
something
that
that[is
that
that
that
that
Cis/ U
is 1excellent
]isis
excellent
is an oil
excellent
excellent with
excellent
excellent
and
and
and
and
andaadmired
nice
admired
and
admired
admiredsmell
admired
admired
by
byby
by
aaby
bythat
lot
alot
aalot
alot
of
of
lot
lot
of of nervous
ofof nervous
nervous
nervous
nervous
nervous
or
ororre
excited
or me
excited
or
or
excited
excited
•excited
excited
way
•way
way :+•+ble
•:way
diwayaway around
: :around
++: around
:+around
+around
/around
/ /up
up
//up
and
rI"midi@blup
/and
/up
up
and
and
down
and
/down
and
down
down
adjdown
down
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
formaletc.
etc.
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will of being
capable
you rub happen or be possible : It better
remains2tomainly be seen whether bird she’ll
has a brown band across its chest. 5a. a narrow area
people
5peoplepeople
peoplepeople
people aaon
: :before :jewel
:ajewel
: :a
a sore
jewel
ajewel
jewel
jewel
ofofa skin
ofof
adoingcity
of aof
city
aa city
acityto citycity make it feel you
you youyou kids
you you
kids kids
kids kids stop
kids
stop stop
stop stop
jigging
stop
jiggingjigging
corrected, jiggingjigging
jigging around
around around
aroundaround
solved, around for for forfor
one for
one
for oneone
moment?
one
moment?
one moment?
moment?
moment?
moment? 2a.2a. 2a.2a. 2a.
[2a.
[ T][][Tto
T [][T]Tto
Tto ]to
] to
to
only slightly
literary
[only
something
noun]
be fitthat enough makes
something to play you in sometimes,
feel the calm finals. and
but not
relaxed of
make
make rain
make
makemakemake that
something
something something
something
something passes
something movemove over
move
move move
move withwith awith place
with with with
small
small small:or
small We
small
small
cured
fast
fast can
fastfast fast expect
movements
fast
movements
movements
movements
movements
movements another
cast. often
thethe thethejewel
the
jewel
the orjewel
jeweljewelregularly
jewel in inin sb’s
in
re sb’sin in sb’s
•
sb’ssb’s
crown
main sb’s
crown
: crown crowncrown
OCCASIONAL crown
• der the the the the
1 best
the
best
/the : bestbestbest
casual
rI"meInd@r or
best
or or
most
or
most
oror
most
most most
most
valuable
moviegoers
/ valuable
noun
valuable
valuable
valuable
valuable
�� thing
thing
Even thing
thing
thing
thingband of showers in the afternoon. re • me • di • al / rI"midi@l / adj 1 intended to help people
ne or net into balm
long
that
that
casual that
that that y someone
•that
someone
someone /someone
"bAmi
readers someone
someone owns /owns ofadj
owns
ownsowns 1or
owns
the orwarm or has
or has
business or orhas has achieved
hashas and
achieved achieved
achieved pleasant
achieved
achieved
pages will: a be balmy aware night of831 jig jig jig
jigger
•jig
ger
jig
•literary••ger ger
••ger/ger/"dZIg@r /a/"dZIg@r
"dZIg@r /ring
/"dZIg@r
"dZIg@r "dZIg@r
who / /that
noun //have
noun /noun
noun /you
noun[C
noun 1C1
[ C]difficulty
[]wear
[C [][C]C 1a]1 a]1 1
very
a
very
averyavery
ayour longshoreman
very
very
small
small
learning small
smallsmall
small
glass
glass glass
glass
the glass
glass
forfor
basic forfor
meas-
meas-
for
for meas-
meas-
meas-
skills meas- of reading,
balmy weather 1 2the
...........................................................................................................................................
remainder crazy the part of something that is6 left after 1a.1a. 1a.1a. 1a.1a.
on finger, especially
22 2 a2 a22
�Greenspan’s
"jewel
"jewel
"jewel
"jewel
"jewel
"jewel %box%box %box%box %box%box influence.
noun
noun noun
the noun noun[C
noun C]old-fashioned
[rest [][C 1C1 [][C]has C1 a]1 a]1 box1box
aagone box
abox
afor box for
box for
for
holding
or holding
for
for holding
holding
been holding
holding jewelry
jewelry
finished jewelry
jewelry
jewelry
jewelry 2
:2+ 2 2
com-
of 2We
com- 2com-
com- com-
com-
must auring
uringuring
keep
uring
WEDDING
uring
uringalcohol
alcohol
our RINGwriting,
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol thethe thethe amount
the
etc. amount
the amount
amount
:a amount
amountremedial that
that that
that
that
a
that
aclass/course/teacher
jigger
ajigger
aajigger
ajigger
jigger
jiggerholds
holdsholds
holdsholds
holds aa2 aa intended
ba 6
long •lo [only ney
time
•puting before
aaclear aclear
aa no/aclear noun]
b@"loUni
clear clearsee
clear
plastic plastic spoken
plastic
plasticnot
plastic
plastic /case involving
noun
case case used
case case
that
casethat [that
Uthat when
]that
opens
that 1opens
strong
opens opens you
spoken
opens
opens
like
like feelings
meet
like
like nonsense
like
alike
abook abook
aa book
a or
someone
book
book
book
andemo-
and and or
and and
isand
isis %long-drawn-"out
isyear.
isis CHIGGER
CHIGGER
CHIGGER
CHIGGER
CHIGGER
CHIGGER adj continuing for too long : -
Dictionary work
a Spanish puting
puting
puting
putingputing costs down for the remainder of the financial band 1a.2 /in b&nd /toverb improve [ T often orpassive] correct1something to put a circular : Remedial action must
PRO
tions 2 : casual friendships He described ROM himself as a casual jig
jig jig
jig
•ge
•jig
gejig
••ge •ge
•ry-po
••ge:ge
ry-po
•a•ry-po ry-po
•ry-po
ry-po ke ke ••ke •ke
•ry
••keryke••ry ry ry ry
/•/•%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
/:/%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
/war /the are /banded /of //public
/noun
/noun
f small round you
lies
designed
designed
designed have
designed
designed
designed Amto not
to Eto to
holdseen
informal
hold to to
hold hold aafor
hold
hold CD aCD aa a
or aor
BOLOGNA
CD CD CD �CDlong
or or
CD CD or or
-CD -CD
ROM ROMCDtime
-CD -ROM
ROM -ROM
-amount TRACTED •long-drawn-out
•something
•be taken %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
for %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri
protection noun
noun noun [U
noun[soU][]health.
[U [mainly
][U]U
mainly
U ]mainly
]mainly
mainly mainly 3 intended to
acquaintance
not by a long of mathematics,
shot the informalKennedys’. the
used casual
for saying that
sex is
that left
(=between some-when oneband number around The birds we can
bal
jew
jew jew
jew
•jewsa
•jeweled
•eled /eled
••eled ••eled
"bOls@; eled / /"dZu@ld
"dZu@ld "bAls@
//"dZu@ld//"dZu@ld
"dZu@ld "dZu@ld / //adj /noun
adj / adj /adj/adivided
adj
aadj [jeweled ]ajeweled
very � soft light wood, used "longed-%for
BrBr BrEBr EBr Br
E
informal
E
informal
E E
informal
informal
informal
informal adj dishonest
dishonest
treat or 2 dishonest
dishonest
mainly dishonest
dishonest cureliterarybehavior
behaviorbehavior
behavior
behavior
behavior
a medical wanted that
that that
thatthat
that
is is
very
conditionisintended
is
intended
isis
intended
intended
much intended
intended
: into forto
remedialtoto tototo
d and brought
d, used espe-
peopleiswho
thing
especially
orated
orated
orated
oratedorated
orated with
with not with for
with with
dotrue
with
jewels
cannot
making
jewels jewels
notatknow
jewels
jewels
jewels:]:abusiness all be
a:jeweled model
:ajeweled
a : :a: They’ve
jeweled
a
jeweled
jeweled
a
each
jeweled
aUajeweled
jeweled ships
jeweled
jeweled
crown/belt/box
other
crown/belt/box
exactly
achieved
object
crown/belt/box
object
and
crown/belt/box
object
crown/belt/box
object
crown/belt/box
object
well)
object
byhas
a
airplanes
has has has
another
He
lot,
has
been
has
been
was
but
been
been
a.
been
been
dec-
dec-
only
they[ C
dec-
dec-
]
dec-
dec-track their movements.
trick
a tricktrick
long
different trick
trick
trick
people,
people,
time people,
people,
people,
people,
groups,: a often
often often
longed-for
treatment often often
often
in
for in in
business
in
business
in
exampleinbusiness
business
reunion
to put
business
business
— re•meaccording or orwith
people or
or
politics
orpolitics
ororpolitics
politics
her
•di•al•ly advto value or politics
politics lover
things using thesurgery /
Macmillan English Dictionary
looking
haven’t for
finished casual 2 [
yetwoodCsex. – notcomes — ca
by a long • su a • book
al • ly shot. that
adv is sold for less than its usual
jewthe
jew jew
jew jew
• tree
jew
el
• el • • el
er
•el
•er• that
el• el•er er• /•er/er this
/
"dZu@l@r/
"dZu@l@r"dZu@l@r
price / /
"dZu@l@r
"dZu@l@r
"dZu@l@r / /
because /
noun /
noun / /
noun nounnounnoun [
not [
C from
C][][CC [][
C
many ]C]someone
someone
someone ]someone
someone
someone
people who who who
who
who
havewho
makes,
makes,
makes,
makes,
makes,
bought makes, jig
itjig
lon jig
incomejig
• gle
•jig
gle
jig
gev • gle
• gle
• •gle
/ gle
/
• i
"dZIgl /
"dZIgl
• /
ty /
"dZIgl/
"dZIgl"dZIgl
re /
"dZIgl / verb
• me /
verb
lAn"dZev@ti / /
verb /
verb [
verb
• [
verb
di
I ]I ][to[
I
•to ]
Ia[] [to
I ]
move
I
• /
to]
move
tiontotomovemove
noun move
move slightly
slightly
/ [slightly
slightly
slightly
] slightly
rI%midi"eISn
U formal upup up up
andand
up upand
/
the and and
down
and
down
nounfactdown
downdown
down
or
ofor
[ orororor
U ] formal the
cas
balnot•u
samlong •a•lise for this
/or a Brworld E "bAls@m spelling mainly
/andofnoun literary likely to die soon
casualize from
from from
fromfromfrom
sideside aside side side
to
side
toto side
to
sidetoto
side
side side
more
side
more moremoremore
morethanthan :time:AaA:promotes
:Anerve
:situation
:A
ne whose ship
castake
•repairs,
repairs,
repairs,repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
uvaluable•aa•comes
or
lize
long
"bOls@m;
or or
sells
resells
or or
hard/from
sells
•sells
sells
mainsells
"k&Zu@%laIz
jewelry
jewelry
look
jewelry
jewelryjewelry
•jewelry
der at
and2
/ Itverb sb
and
/hasand andand
other
rI"meInd@r
/ sth
other [other
other ] a
Uother
otherobjects substance
objects
] toBrthink
objects
/E objects
objects
objects
verb made
to about
made
[ Tmade
like
made
] made
made of
business ofof
a %band
ofof of having
to to"gether
sell acorner
long life
process
phrasal or existence
vb of [ Ithan ]than than than
improving
to one oneaone
:come onetime
one
diet one
time time
time
that time
together nerve
A nerve
Anervenerve
asnerve
jiggled
jiggled
a jiggledjiggled
groupjiggled
health jiggled
orat atat atatat
correcting a
beach where oil
valuable •valuable
valuablethat
valuable valuable metal
metal metal
metalmetal
metal and and and and andplants.
stones
and
stones stonesstones stones
stones a[ Tstrong smell employ
and is the
the
and
in thethecorner
orderthe
corner
the corner
longevity corner
corner to ofofachievehis
of of
his ofhis
of
problemhis
mouth.
his
mouth.
his mouth.
mouth.
mouth.
mouth.
something a.a.a. [a.[a.
T T]a.[][to
TTto[]:[T]to ]to
Tmake
The]to
make to
make
makemakemake
varioussomething
something
something
something
something
something
opposition movemove move
movemove
move
problem
workers or
only when issue book very forthey less
carefully are needed than its
in usual
order to
instead of as per- %long price find because
out not
inin in
this
in many
this
in in
this
this this
waythis
way way
way :
way :
way
If If : :
the
If :
the
If :If the
If the
toilet
the
toilet
the toilet
toilet
toilet
toilet
won’t
1won’t won’t
won’t won’twon’t
flush,
flush, flush,
flush,
flush,
flush,
just
just just justjiggle
just
just
jiggle jiggle
jiggle
jiggle
jiggle
thethe the the
handle
the
handle
the handle
handle
handle
handle
jewused
jew jew
jew jew
•jewelled
•elled in medicines
•elled
elled
••elled elled / /"dZu@ld /— /people /or /"dZu@ld and / /the .
•/a /the a•/the /lithe
•is "dZu@ld "dZu@ld"dZu@ld "dZu@ld the PERFUMES
Br Br the BrE BrEBr "face noun
rem [
•etogether
C ]
•dy / "rem@di
informal to form/ anoun a sad, disappointed, or
what
manent wrong
staff cafind •su have better
•za bought •Brspelling
E spelling
tion
EE spelling
Espelling
way spelling
spelling
it ofofofdealing
/ %k&Zu@lI"zeISn
ofof of
jeweled
jeweledof
jeweled
jeweled
jeweled
jeweled with/ noun it : groups have banded
aalittle.
alittle.
aa little.
a
little. —
little. —
little. jig
— jig
—— •jig
jig
— •gle
glejig ••gle
jig •noun
gle •glegle
noun noun
noun noun [C
noun [ C][][CC[][C]C] ]
single [ C ]party. ��
bal
jew
jew jew•sam
jew
]jew jew
el
•el ••el ler
•el
•ler ••el
•el ic
•lerler /•ler vin
/ler //"dZu@l@r /a•/main e •gar
•"dZu@l@r / /the //the/bOl%s&mIk "vInIg@r /jeweler
noun [U] serious expression 1
1 a solution on /someone’s ]face� a: There were piece some
al classes that We
[U
an
•should
expensive
•take "dZu@l@r
"dZu@l@r
re type
"dZu@l@r
"dZu@l@r
long
of sweet •/ing
the
hard /the Br the
Br
the Br E
look
dark/BrErI"meInIN
Br Br
spelling
E spelling
Eat Espelling
Espelling
VINEGAR
spelling
spelling
the of
/ofadj
way of of
jewelerof
jewelerof
jeweler
we jeweler
[onlyjeweler
deal with
before noun] band
jig
jig ��
longjig
jig
• saw
•jig
saw
jig
• •
age
•still
sawsaw
faces• •sawsaw/ / /
"dZIg%sO /
/ "b&ndIdZ
"dZIg%sO
in / /
"dZIg%sO
"dZIg%sO
the "dZIg%sO
"dZIg%sOhall / / noun/
noun/ /
noun
when /
nounnoun
nounto[ Ca/ Uparticular
[
noun [
C C ] [
the][
C1 C [1][C] C1] 1
jigsaw
]
results 1
jigsaw 1jigsaw
jigsaw
jigsaw
jigsawwere or or
long problem
or or or
jigsaw
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show / feel / express remorse (
rs to provide erous
distance comments. phone call is one you make to someone far long•ship / "lON%SIp used /when noun someone [ C ] a longhas narrow just said ship or used done something
any remorse for her crime.
3
away a generous — %long-"distance amount isadv larger than is usual or neces- e. You can’t prevent him to buy jewelleries
in the past by that VIKINGS helps you to remember something : That reminds
sary :di"vision a generousnoun helping re•morse•ful / rI"mOrsfl / adj
%long [ U ] inofmathematics, salad � a generous a calculation court long•shore•man for his girlfriend.
me. I must / "lON%SOrm@n take the /chicken (plural out longof•shore the freezer. •men having done something wrong
rating enough settlement
in which you � There divide areone generous large discounts number by to another
groups of ten / "lON%SOrm@n /) don’t noun remind [ C ] Am Eme someone spoken used whose forjob saying is tothat you do not
f the money in or more. — gen•er•ous•ly adv: They gave generously to want to think about something unpleasant that has re•morse•less / rI"mOrsl@s / a
ocal lotteries. local charities. � ‘‘I’ll take the kids,’’Selwood Selwood
Selwood
Nicky Selwood
Selwood
Selwood offeredSystems
Systems
Systems
Systems
Systems
Systems
gen- 06-08-2004 06-08-2004
06-08-2004
06-08-2004
06-08-2004
06-08-2004 16:29:23
16:29:23
16:29:23
16:29:23
16:29:23
16:29:23
happened or is going to happen : ‘‘When are you going stopping or continuing to get w
r factory will erously. back to work?’’ ‘‘Oh, don’t remind me.’’ less financial pressure 2 not
having done something wrong
s or opinions
gen•e•sis / "dZen@sIs / noun formal the genesis of sth the f. I’m very fond in giving advices that I don’t
may/can I remind you. . . or let me/I must remind
— re•morse•less•ly adv
beginning, birth, or origin of something you. . . used for warning someone or bringing something
n generated a "gene %therapy noun [ U ] a medical treatment in which bother for following myself. to their attention, especially something that they re•mort•gage / %ri"mOrgIdZ /
generated by genes are put into cells in the body in order to cure
Selwood Systems 06-08-2004 16:37:14 already know : + that Can I remind everyone that we have money to pay for a house or
some types of illness

a strict non-smoking policy here. payment arrangements of
e, etc., it pro- remind sb of sb/sth 1 to make someone remember — compare REFINANCE
ge•net•ic / dZ@"netIk / adj �� relating to genes and the
study of them : Doctors believe the condition is caused by something that happened in the past : That song always re•mote1 / rI"moUt / adj ��
tricity is gen- reminds me of our vacation in Mexico. 2 to be very
a genetic defect. — ge•net•i•cal•ly / dZ@"netIkli / adv 1 distant in space/time
similar to someone or something else : She was tall and
ge•net•i•cal•ly mod•i•fied / dZ@%netIkli "mAdI%faId / 2 unlikely
dark, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. � It’s a strange
e of a similar adj a genetically modified substance or crop has had its
jewellery f. fond of, advice, bother following
3 unfriendly
taste – it reminds me of melons.
ge : My mother genetic structure changed in order to make it more
on holiday e. prevent him from buying,
suited to a particular purpose re • mind • er / rI"maInd@r / noun [ C usually singular] �� 1 far away from other cities, t
o university. � My grandparents were from a r
1 something that reminds you of something that hap-
money, late, makes me crazy d. enjoy going,
an immigrant ge%netic "code noun [ C ] the arrangement of genes that We felt very remote and lonely
usually pass
object to people smoking c. expect to get,
makes an individual develop in a particular way pened in the past : + of His presence was a constant
Exercise 12: a. information, on the Internet b. reminder of what she had lost. � serve / act as a reminder 1a. far away in distance o
The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite imagined being able to visit such
Answer key finished. away in the past or future : Th
2 a letter or note that reminds you of something that so remote I can hardly even ima
12 Effective Reading Teacher’s you need File to do or need to remember : If an installment is 2 not likely to happen : You ha
of winning the lottery. � The p
This page has been downloadednot from paid, a reminder is issued. � This is
www.macmillanenglish.com. ©just Macmillan a reminder to
Publishers Limitedbut
remote, 2009.
be careful.
od Systems 09-04-2003 12:18:34 let you know that Stefan’s arriving on Saturday.
rem•i•nisce / %remI"nIs / verb [ I ] to talk, think, or write 3 not showing any friendly
ALOOF
about enjoyable experiences in your past : + about We
Checking what you know
Exercise 13
1. Write down three English words that you know and use.
_______________ _______________ _______________
2. Look up each word and notice:

a. how many meanings it has
b. if it is a red word
c. how the word is used in the example(s)
d. the pronunciation and stress
e. anything else that you did not know before
3. Have you learned anything new about these words and how to use them?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Exercise 14
1. Write down three English words from one of the reading texts in the
course book whose meaning you are uncertain of.
_______________ _______________ _______________
2. Look up each word and notice:
a. if it is a frequent word
b. how many meanings it has
c. which meaning is the most frequent
d. which is the meaning used in the reading text
e. the pronunciation and stress
f. common collocations of the word and/or grammar information
3. Do you feel ready to use these words?

__________________________________________________

Extensive reading
Effective practice for Effective skills
Extensive reading is the practice of reading can play a very important role in vocabulary
large amounts of material in the target building as it gives repeated exposure to
language that is easy enough to understand vocabulary in many different contexts, allowing
without the use of a dictionary. Another key students to retain the words and deepen
principle of extensive reading is that students their understanding of how the vocabulary is
read for enjoyment. Research has shown actually used by native speakers. A number
that extensive reading is not only crucial for of studies have shown remarkable progress in
developing reading proficiency, but also helpful writing skills stemming from extensive reading
in developing a wide range of language skills, alone. (In some cases, students who engaged in
and a growing number of scholars claim extensive reading made even more progress in
that extensive reading is a crucial element in writing skills than comparison students who
language programmes. actually practiced writing.) There is evidence
that extensive reading also has a substantial
impact on speaking, listening and grammar
Studies in second language learning have development. Through the single language
shown that students engaging in extensive practice of extensive reading, students are
reading can improve reading comprehension developing nearly every important language
and reading speed more efficiently than skill in a non-stressful, enjoyable way.
students doing intensive reading (reading
challenging texts with explicit focus on new
vocabulary and grammar structures). Extensive To start extensive reading, students need access
reading provides exposure to large amounts of to materials that are easy enough to read and
comprehensible text, which enables students to enjoy without depending on a dictionary.
build up a large sight-word vocabulary (words Graded Readers are ideal for this purpose.
which the reader can recognize and understand Graded Readers are fiction and non-fiction
automatically and effortlessly). This is essential books written specifically for second language
for reading speed and fluent comprehension. learners at all levels. (See the short stories at the
Extensive reading also allows students to end of Effective Reading Books 1–4 for examples
develop the fundamental reading skill of of graded reader material). Graded Readers
‘chunking’: taking in groups of words rather come in all genres, and students are therefore
than the poor reading habit of reading word by likely to find materials which match their
word. Traditional intensive reading practices interest as well as their level.
are good for introducing new vocabulary and
grammar to students, but do little to develop
these fundamental reading skills. If you are interested in finding out more about
the benefits of extensive reading and how to
incorporate it into your language programme,
Extensive reading goes beyond just improving please visit the Macmillan English website:
reading skills, however. Extensive reading www.macmillanenglish.com/readers/UGRIC.html


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Series Editor Scott Miles

3 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

Welcome to Effective Reading, a four-level reading course specially

High interest reading texts

Reading skills development

Academic vocabulary development

4 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

First reading text

Language development and speaking exercises

Second reading text and reading skills work

5 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

Red and black words

Exercise 2: lapse, etiquette, pen, missive

6 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

b. joke 2. to say things that are intended to make people laugh

c. jog 3. to pause before doing something

d. crawl 4. a lack of success in doing something

e. affect 5. a situation in which harm, death, damage or destruction is

10. a change that is produced in one person or thing by another

e. in her good books (book) f. in black and white (black-and-white)

3 to say that something is likely to exist or be true :

d. adjective, just2 e. adverb, halfway1

Checking what you know

2. Look up each word and notice:

3. Do you feel ready to use these words?

13 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

14 Effective Reading Teacher’s File

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