History Ch 4

'The First cities'

A. ✓ the correct answers.

1. c. River Indus

2. a. 2500-1500 BCE

3. b. streets

4. d. Baked bricks

5. a. Granary

6. b. Terracotta

7. c. Mesopotamia

8. d. pictographic

B. True or false ...

True , true , true , false , true

C. Short answers.

1. Indus valley civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization.

This is so because Harappa was the first site to be excavated.

2. Most Indus cities were well planned because the streets cut each other at right angles.

Houses built on both sides of the street in a planned way.

3. Dholavira was different from most in the cities because unlike other in the city's it had three parts the
citadel the Middle town and the lower town.

4. It is believed that natural disasters such as earthquakes floods epidemics or change in the course of
the river Indus may have caused the decline of the civilization.
D. Long answers.

1. Indus valley civilization was first limited to a small area near the river Indus. Further excavations
showed its spread to ---

a. Present day Pakistan

b.Indian States of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh , Rajasthan and Gujarat.

2. The most Indus cities were divided into two parts - The Citadel and the Lower town.

The Citadel - turtle on the acropolis was built on a raised ground. It had high walls made of bricks which
provided protection against the floods.

The Citadel housed public buildings, granaries and religious buildings.It is believed that the ruling class,
priests and merchants lived there.

3. The Great bath at Mohenjo- Daro is a rectangular structure that resembles a swimming pool. It is
made of baked bricks and has been made watertight with a layer of bitumen or tar. There are rooms on
the side for changing clothes. It was probably used for making on special occasions.

4. Cities of the civilization had a well planned drainage system. There was sloping floors of the
bathrooms. Dress also emptied into the street drains.

The drains on the street was covered with bricks and were cleaned at regular intervals.

5. Occupation and crafts that the harappans practiced were farming, weaving ,pottery- making
,Jewellery- making ,metalwork, toy-making, stone-cutting, seal making, boat making ,spinning stitching,
masonry and trading.