Course Title : Torts and Damages Review

Professor : Atty. Raia Angelie A. Tumanda

No. of Units : Two (2)

Semester/SY : 2nd Semester (Academic Year 2021-22)

Class Schedule :

Google Classroom Code :

I. COURSE SYLLABUS

Introduction

Barredo vs. Garcia, G.R. No. L-48006, July 8, 1942

Is tort broader than quasi-delict?

Shakat Baksh vs. CA, G.R. No. 97336, Feb. 19, 1993

Definition: Art. 2176, NCC

Elements:

Air France vs. Carascoso (18 SCRA 155 [1966])

Case List

Article 2177. Responsibility for fault or negligence under the preceding article is
entirely separate and distinct from the civil liability arising from negligence under
the Penal Code. But the plaintiff cannot recover damages twice for the same act or
omission of the defendant.

Manliclic vs. Calaunan, GR No. 150157, January 25, 2007

Lumantas, MD vs. Calapiz, G.R. No. 163753, January 15, 2014

Our lady of Lourdes Hospital vs. Capanzana (2017)

Should there be a reservation to file a separate civil action?

Supreme Transportation Liner vs. San Andres, G.R. No. 20044, August 15, 2018

Manila Railroad vs. La Compania Transatlantica, G.R. No. L-11318, October 26,
1918

Orient Freight International Inc. vs. Keihin-Everett G.R. No. 191937, August 9,
2017

Calalas vs. CA, G.R. No. 122039, May 31, 2000

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Can there be tort when there is already a contract?

Regino vs. Pangasinan Colleges, G.R. No. 156109, Nov. 18, 2004

Dalen vs. Mitsui OSK Lines, G.R. No. 194403, July 24, 2019

Negligence: Art. 1173

Umali vs. Bacani et al, 69 SCRA 263

Negligence

Article 2178. The provisions of Articles 1172 to 1174 are also applicable to
quasi-delicts.

Priscilla Tan vs. Northwest Airlines, Inc. G.R. No. 135802, March 3, 2000

Article 1172

Article 1173

Article 1174. Except in cases expressly specified by the law, or when it is otherwise
declared by stipulation, or when the nature of the obligation requires the
assumption of risk, no person shall be responsible for those events which could not
be foreseen, or which, though foreseen, were inevitable.

Vasquez vs. CA, 138 SCRA 553

Pilapil vs. CA, 180 SCRA 546 (1989)

De Guzman vs. CA, 168 SCRA 612 (1988)

Fortune Express vs. CA, G.R. No. 119756 March 18, 1999

Ilocos Norte Electric Co. vs. CA, G.R. No 53401, November 6, 1989

Roberto Juntilla vs. Clemente Fontanar, G.R. No. L-45637, May 31, 1985

Edgar Cokaliong Shipping Lines vs. UCPB General Insurance Co., G.R. No. 146018,
June 25, 2003

Singapore Airlines vs. Andion Fernandez, G.R. No. 142305, December 10, 2003

Megaworld Globus Asia, Inc. vs. Milla S. Tanseco, G.R. No. 181206, Oct. 9, 2009

FGU Insurance Corp. vs. CA, et al. G.R. NO. 137775, March 31, 2005

Roberto C. Sicam and Agencia de RC Sicam, Inc. vs. Lulu V. Jorge and Cesar Jorge,
G.R. No. 159617, Aug. 8, 2007

Cabrera vs. AMECO Contractors Rental, Inc. G.R. No. 201560, June 20, 2012

Test for Determining Negligence

Did the defendant in doing the alleged negligent act use that reasonable care and
caution which an ordinarily prudent person would have used in the same situation?

Picart vs. Smith, L-12219, March 15, 1918

Ylarde vs. Aquino, G.R. No. L-33722 July 29, 1988

Associated Bank vs. Tan, G.R. No. 156940, December 14, 2004

Pacis vs. Morales, G.R. No. 169467, February 25, 2010

Francisco vs. Chemical Bulk Carrier G.R. No. 193577, September 7, 2011

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Manila Electric vs. Nordec Philippines, G.R. Nos. 196020 & 196116, April 18, 2018

Negligence: How Proven

BJDC Construction vs. Lanuzo, G.R. No. G.R. No. 161151, March 24, 2014

PLDT vs. CA, 178 SCRA 94 (A person claiming damages for the negligence of
another has the burden of proving the existence of such fault or negligence
causative thereof.)

Negligence as Proximate Cause

Art. 2179. When the plaintiff’s own negligence was the immediate and
proximate cause of his injury, he cannot recover damages. But if his
negligence was only contributory, the immediate and proximate cause of
the injury being the defendant’s lack of due care, the plaintiff may recover
damages, but he courts shall mitigate the damages to be awarded.

The adequate and efficient cause which in the natural order of events and under the
particular circumstances surrounding the case would naturally produce the event.

Phoenix Construction Inc. et al vs. IAC et al, 148 SCRA 353

NAPOCOR vs. CA, 161 SCRA 334

LBC Air Cargo vs. CA, 241 SCRA 619

Sanitary Steam Laundry, Inc. vs. CA, G.R. No. 119092, Dec. 10, 1998

Mercury Drug Corp vs. Sebastian M. Baking, G.R. No. 156037, May 25, 2007

GSIS vs. Pacific Airways Corp. et al., G.R. No. 170414, Aug. 25, 2010

Vicente Calalas vs. CA, G.R. No. 122039, May 31, 2000

Raynera vs. Hiceta, G.R. No. 120027, April 21, 1999

Pantaleon vs. American Express, Inc. G.R. No. 174269, Aug. 25, 2010

Vallacar Transit, Inc. vs. Jocelyn Catubig, et al., G.R. No. 177512, May 30, 2011

St. Mary’s Academy vs. Carpitanos, et al., G.R. No. 143363, Feb. 6, 2002

Presumptions of Negligence

1. Res ipsa loquitor- the thing speaks for itself

a. Elements of Res ipsa loquitor

Anonuevo vs. CA, G.R. NO. 130003, October 20, 2004

Africa vs. Caltex, G.R. No. L-12986, March 31, 1966

Perla Compania de Seguross vs. Sps Sarangaya, G.R. No. 147746, October 25,
2005

Layugan vs. IAC, G.R. No. 73998, Nov. 14, 1988

FF Cruz vs. CA, 164 SCRA 733

Victoria Batiquin vs. CA, 258 SCRA 334

Luz Palanca vs. JAM Transit G.R. No. 183198, November 25, 2009

Republic vs. Luzon Stevedoring Corp, 21 SCRA 279

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Cebu Shipyard & Engineering Works vs. William Lines, G.R. No. 132607, May 5,
1999

Ma-ao Sugar Central Co. vs. CA, G.R. No. 83491 August 27, 1990

Rogelio Ramos vs. CA, G.R. No. 124354 December 29, 1999

NPC vs. CA, et al. G.R. No. 124378, March 8, 2005

Joaquinita P. Capili vs. Sps. Dominador Cardaña, et.al. G.R. No. 157906, November
2, 2006

Malayan Insurance Co. Inc. vs. Rodelio Alberto, et al. G.R. No. 194320, February 1,
2012

Oscar del Carmen, Jr. vs. Geronimo Bacoy, et al. G.R. No. 173870, April 25, 2012

2. Respondeat Superior- Art. 2180: presumption of negligence against the

employer for the negligence of the employees

Diligence of a Good Father of a Family

On Parents and Guardians

Art. 221, Family Code

Cresencio Libi vs. IAC, G.R. No. 70890, September 18, 1992

Cuadra vs. Monfort, 35 SCRA 161

Elcano,e t al. vs. Hill, et al. 77 SCRA 98 (1977)

On Employeers and Owners/Managers

What is the difference of an employee’s liability under the Civil Code from that
under the Revised Penal Code?

Rolito Calang, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 190696, Aug. 3, 2010

FGU Insurance Corp. vs. CA, G.R. No. 118889. March 23, 1998

Equitable Leasing Corp. vs. Lucita Suyom et al., G.R. No. 143360, September 5,
2002

Hermana R. Cerezo vs. David Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, March 23, 2004

Mercury Drug Corp. vs. Rodrigo B. Libunao, G.R. No. 144458, July 14, 2004

Marcelo Macalinao vs. Eddie Ong and Genovevo Sebastian, G.R. No. 146635, Dec.
14, 2005

YHT Realty Corp. vs. CA, G.R. No. 126780, Feb. 17, 2005

Universal Aquarius, Inc. vs. QC Human Resources Management, Inc. G.R. No.
155990, Sept. 12, 2007

Teachers and Schools

Palisoc vs. Brillantes, G.R. No. L-29025 October 4, 1971

Amadora, et al. vs. CA, G.R. No. L-47745, April 15, 1988

St. Francis High School vs. CA, G.R. No. 82465, February 25, 1991

Salvosa, et al. vs. IAC, G.R. No. 70458, Oct. 5, 1988

St. Joseph College, et al. vs. Jayson Miranda, et al., G.R. No. 182353, June 29,
2010

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The State

Jose Fontanilla, et al. vs. Inocencio D. Maliaman, G.R. No. 55963, Dec. 1, 1989

China Airlines vs. CA, GR No. 45985, May 18, 1990

Phoenix Construction, Inc. vs. IAC, 148 SCRA 353

Bonifacio vs. BLTB, 34 SCRA 618

Article 2181. Whoever pays for the damage caused by his dependents or
employees may recover from the latter what he has paid or delivered in
satisfaction of the claim.

Metro Manila Transit Corp. (MMTC) vs. CA, G.R. No. 116617, Nov. 16, 1998

Article. 2183. The possessor of an animal or whoever may make use of the
same is responsible for the damage which it may cause, although it may
escape or be lost. This responsibility shall cease only in case the damage
should come from force majeure or from the fault of the person who has
suffered damage.

Purita Miranda Vestil, et al. vs. IAC, G.R. No. 74431, Nov. 6, 1989

3. Violation of Traffic Rules (See Arts. 2184-2185)

Manuel vs. CA, 227 SCRA 29

Marcial vs. Yu Khe Thai, G.R. No. L-20392, Dec. 18, 1968

Distinguish the employers’ liability under Art. 2180 and 2184.

Article 2185. Unless there is proof to the contrary, it is presumed that a

person driving a motor vehicle has been negligent if at the time of the
mishap, he was violating any traffic regulation.

Mallari, vs. CA, G.R. No. 128607, January 31, 2000

George Mckee vs. IAC, G.R. No. 68102, July 16, 1992

Ramos vs. COL Realty Corp, G.R. No. 184, 905, Aug. 28, 2009

4. Dangerous Weapons and Substances (See Art. 2188)- prima facie

presumption
a. See also R.A. No. 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990
b. Strict Liability Principle
c. Clean Up Liability
City of Manila vs. Teotico, 22 SCRA 267
Jimenez vs. City of Manila, 150 SCRA 510
Guilatco vs. City of Dagupan, 171 SCRA 382
Municipality of San Juan vs. CA, et al., G.R. No. 121920, Aug. 9, 2005

Article 2190. The proprietor of a building or structure is responsible for the

damages resulting from its total or partial collapse, if it should be due to
the lack of necessary repairs.

Felisa P. De Roy, et al. vs. CA, et al., G.R. No. L-80718, Jan. 29, 1988

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AVAILABLE DEFENSES

1. Contributory Negligence (Art. 2179)

Thermochem, Inc. et al. vs. Leonora Naval et al., October 20, 2000

Lambert vs. Heirs of Ray Castillon, G.R. No. 160709, Feb. 23, 2005

Consolidated Bank and Trust Corp. vs. CA, G.R. No. 138569, Sept. 11, 2003

PNB vs. Sps. Chea Chee Chong, et al., G.R. No. 170865, April 25, 2012

Jarco Marketing vs. CA, G.R. No. 129792, 21 December 1999

a. Doctrine of Attractive Nuisance

2. Last Clear Chance

Picart vs. Smith, supra

Bustamante et al vs. CA et al. G.R. No. 89880, 6 February 1991

Glan People’s Lumber and Hardware vs. IAC, 173 SCRA 464

Osmundo Canlas vs. CA, G.R. No. 112160, February 28, 2000

Solidbank/Metrobank vs. Sps. Peter and Susan Tan, G.R. No. 167346, April 2, 2007

Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc. vs. Sinfroso Macalinao, G.R No. 141856, Feb. 11,
2005

Amador Corpuz, et al. vs. Edison Lugue, et al. G.R. No. 137772, July 29, 2005

LADECO, et al. vs. Michael Raymond Angala, G.R. No. 153076, June 21, 2007

Bank of America NT and SA vs. Phil. Racing Club, Inc. G.R. No. 150228, July 30,
2009

Cases where the doctrine was not applied:

Pantranco North Express, Inc. vs. Baesa, 179 SCRA 384

Emergency Rule

Mckee vs. IAC, G.R. No. 68102, July 16, 1992

LBC Air Cargo, Inc. vs. CA, 241 SCRA 619, 624

Rogelio Engada vs. CA, G.R. No. 140698, June 20, 2003

Phoenix Construction vs. IAC, 148 SCRA 353, March 10, 1987

Philippine Savings Bank vs. Chowking Foods, Inc. G.R.No. 177526, July 4, 2008

Cresencia Achevara vs. Ellvira Ramos, et al. G.R. No. 175172, Sept. 29, 2009

Sealoader Shipping Corp. vs. Grand Cement Manufacturing Corp, G.R. No. 167363,
Dec. 15, 2010

PNR Corp. et al. vs. Purificacion Vizcara, et al. Feb. 15, 2012, G.R. No. 190022

Cresencio Baño et al. vs. Bachelor Express Inc. et al. G.R. No. 191793, March 12,
2012

3. Force Majeure (See. Art. 1174)

a. Requisites
b. Exception

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NAPOCOR vs. CA, et al, G.R. No. 103442, 21 May 1993

4. Assumption of Risk (See Art. 1174)

5. Prescription (See Arts. 1146 & 1150)

Capuno, et al vs. Pepsi Cola, et al., G.R. No. L-19331, 30 April 1965

6. Bonus Pater Familias (See Art. 1759 & 2180)

7. Res Judicata
8. Waiver

Damnum Absque Injuria

BPI Express Card Corp vs. CA, G.R. No. 120639, September 25, 1998

ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp vs. CA, G.R. No. 128690, January 21, 1999

Sps. Lim vs. Uni-Tan Marketing Corp. G.R. No. 147328, Feb. 20, 2002

Equitable Banking Corp vs. Jose T. Calderon, G.R. No. 156168, December 14, 2004

Saber vs. CA, G.R. No. 132981, August 31, 2004

Far East Bank and Trust Co, Inc. vs. Themistocles Pacilan, Jr. G.R. No. 157314, July
29, 2005

Polo S. Pantaleon vs. American Express International, Inc., G.R. No. 174269, Aug.
25, 2010

Executive Secretary, et al. vs. Forerunner Multi Resources, Inc. G.R. No. 199324,
January 7, 2013

Where Damnum Absque Injuria was not applied:

Sergio Amonoy vs. Sps. Jose Gutierrez and Angela Fornilda, G.R. No. 140420, Feb.
15, 2001

NPC vs. CA, et al. G.R. No. 124378, March 8, 2005

Medical Malpractice Cases

Victoria Batiguin vs CA, G.R. No. 118231, July 5, 1996

Dr. Milagros L. Cantre vs. Sps. John David Z. Go, G.R. No. 160889, April 27, 2007

Rogelio E. Ramos vs. CA, G.R. No. 124354, December 29, 1999

Rogelio E. Ramos vs CA, Motion for Reconsideration, G.R. No. 124354, April 11,
2002

Peter Paul Lucas, et al. vs. Dr. Prospero Ma. C. Tuaño, G.R. No. 178763, April 21,
2009

Dr. Emmanuel Jarcia, Jr. et al. vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 187926,
February 15, 2012

Professional Services, Inc. vs. Natividad and Enrique Agana, G.R. No. 126297,
January 31, 2007

Professional Services, Inc. vs. Natividad and Enrique Agana, Ruling on Motion for
Reconsideration, G.R. No. 126297, January 31, 2007

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Leah Alesna Reyes et al vs. Sisters of Mercy Hospital, et al. G.R. No. 130547,
October 3, 2000 – where the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor was not applied

Dr. Genevieve L. Huang vs. Philippine Hoteliers, Inc. et al. G.R. No. 180440,
December 5, 2012

Articles 2191- 2194

DAMAGES

Definition:

Article 2199

Renato Ong vs. CA, G.R. No. 117103, Jan. 21, 1999

Republic of the Philippines vs. Juan Tuvera, et al., G.R. No. 148246, Feb. 16, 2007

Equitable PCI Bank vs. Tan, G.R. No. 165339, Aug. 23, 2010

Korean Airlines vs. CA, G.R. No. 114061, August 3, 1994

DBP vs. CA, G.R. No. 109937 March 21, 1994

Carmen Siguenza vs. CA, G.R. No. L-44050, July 16, 1985

Gonzales vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 77113, Nov. 8, 1988

Consolidated Dairy Products Co. vs. CA, G.R. No. 100401, August 24, 1992

Trans Asia Shipping Lines vs. CA, G.R. No. 118126, March 4, 1996

Article 2202

Simex International Inc. vs. CA, G.R. No. 88013, March 19, 1990

National Power Corp.vs. CA, G.R. No. L-43814, April 16, 1982

Damages Recoverable in Cases of Death Due to Crimes or Quasi-Delicts under Art.

2206

Salvador Atizado, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 173822, Oct. 13, 2010

Sulpicio Lines, Inc. vs. Domingo E. Curso, et al., G.R. No. 157009, March 17, 2010

People vs. Claudeo Teehangkee, Jr., G.R. Nos. 111206-08, October 6, 1995

People vs. Rey San Pascual, et al., G.R. No. 137746, Oct. 15, 2002

Endreo Magbanua vs. Jose Tabusers, Jr. G.R. No. 152134, June 4, 2004

Constancia G. Tamayo, et al. vs. Rosalia Abad Señora, et al.

G.R. No. 176946, Nov. 15, 2010

People vs. Dizon, G.R. No. 129893, Dec. 10, 1999

PCI Leasing and Finance, Inc. vs. Trojan Metal Industries, Inc. G.R. No. 176381,
Dec. 15, 2010

Moral Damages

Article 2216

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Article 2217

Article 2219

Tanay Recreation Center vs. Fausto, G.R. No. 140182, April 12, 2005

NPC vs. Philipp Brothers Oceanic, Inc., G.R. no. 126204, Nov. 20, 2001

Coastal Pacific Trading, Inc. vs. Southern Rolling Mills Co, Inc. et al. G.R. No.
118692, July 28, 2006

Manila Electric Company vs. TEAM Electronics Corp., et al., G.R. No. 131723, Dec.
13, 2007

Employees Union of Bayer Phils et al. vs. Phil. Inc et al. G.R. No. 162943, Dec. 6,
2010

People vs. Olita, G.R. No. 140347, Aug. 9, 2001

Equitable Leasing Corp vs. Suyom et al., G.R. No. 143360, September 5, 2002.

Jose Orosa et al. vs. CA, G.R. No. 111080, April 5, 2000

Vicente Calalas vs. CA, G.R. No. 122039, May 31, 2000

Lopez vs. Pan American Airways, 16 SCRA 431

Air France vs. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155

Nominal Damages

Article 2222

Article 2223

Almeda vs. Cariño, G.R. No. 152143, Jan. 13, 2003

Temperate or Moderate Damages

Article 2224

Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Corp. vs. CA, G.R. No. 139268, Sept. 3, 2002

Tan vs. JAM Transit, G.R. No. 183198, Nov. 25, 2009

Liquidated Damages

Article 2227

Ligutan, et al. vs. CA, G.R. No. 138677, Feb. 12, 2002

Exemplary or Corrective Damages

Article. 2233

German Marine Agencies, Inc. et al. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 142049, Jan. 30, 2001

References and Other Materials:

1. Comments and Cases on Torts and Damages, Hector S. De Leon, 2019

2. Civil Code of the Philippines Annotated, Special Contracts, Justice Edgardo L.
Paras

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3. Torts and Damages, Timoteo B. Aquino, 2019

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