Bo Tlusont (Subgroups 2 a Finite aie grovp) | Lek @ = C97 be a Ode gvoMp of order re. (1) UH ws & subgroup of G, ther - | Hz Ggty, whee Ale (O) ab Has & subgroup of G with tek, sthta af Es 1G) >f elm, than Cg) 15 He unique salam of G of oder ke. Peet By Them 7, | SCY" whee m7, La k= pd myn), amd we Show thee Hadgty, | Wve mode with Ze Z, Then a | gre Gt eG, & HEdaty. Howarr, -damyt ny whee x. 4E Z. fo, gh (gn) (gn)? Qty € (977 =H. Hons (8) =H wat Ad a. gl, He) mde A) 5, h¢ BORG ke tl = oi) = 2) = 4 ; go k]n. (C) Uk ele. Tha [<9%>] = 009%) <9 Cy Exomk 6) = =k. an faa Thea, by Ot, H = Cat) whred|e, an k=lHl= 04) = % 50 d= md hence H = Lye,—OHe [5 Cots anh Lag cange's Theorem Lag ranges Theorem is ene of the most important theorems abouk fine 9TH, The theorem Says thet fhe ovdey af asubgrosp of a finite grep 3s a factor of the onlin the Jp. The peste has number of fnbereshing Comsequenes , US proof Involves Counting, alement of a qrorp” amd depends on the basic notion ef co seks. Leb H be a subgroup ef a group G@ omd 2 EG Thine : He =fha} hcH} — the right com tH far aw aH =dehl h CEH} — the left orb H fr a Rg. HietH=H. Theor Lee H be a suhyrouy of a grep @ ond ub a bE G, i bie =o Hh oe atte H be ae Hh @) Extr He =Hb ow HanHb=&, @) The distind- rig le axes of YH form a pat eb of G. Prot (\) U Ha =Hb, ther a =ha Ha =Hb ; So OO =hb fey seme YEH Hus gives abloh EH, UY abteEH, thn a= (ab € Hb. UY a CHb then a =hbh dv sme eH, Tv op “EH, Ka = xthb) 2 (rhb EH; 50 acu, amd Hh = K(Wla) = (xia CH4, 50 Hb SHa, Home, HO =Hb,-25- @ Hy HanHbh #o, foe KE HaaHb amd vite “then. Lek e Hjhib with hy he 4, a hthb amd aptahiths eH, Sa, (la =Hb fg. WY. (3) by (Q), the nigh cosets ave parse disjoint, merovr, gach EG belergs to Some wight coset Cinkeal, a € Ha). This proves G). Thenen a ( Lagromyes Theorem) Lo 1 be w subyroup of a finite group Gq. Thee 14] = IH Cased], where [G2 HJ 1 the ramber of rigit Cor Lift) As Ta 4, calle tha dndex of Hang, : ots Prot, Sapper that Yar, Hee, Han ave the distinct rig toby & Hin é. Thaw, ty Teeny G= Hau da, Us Uae, Whic (5 a disjoint Unter , Sine (lng is dearly a bijedtion, ur hae |Hacl =1HI fr al 0, So & follow fhek |G) = J Haul +] Halt ot | Haal = JHI + JHI+ «+ THI uaa n dimes relHL £4: HI IHL. West-2b- Lagronge’s Theorem hay & wide vawiely of Consequences, {lav 3 LA Gea group O % 1G) 1 | 1al ky Theorem 2 - © WEG wd G4 | ond ot H=Cd>. Then tulle Cy0)) amd TH) >]. So JH} =p =1G], The shows tht H=G. ory 2 HK ave finite subgroups 2f @ sack thet (H] ond Jc} ave veltwely prime, there Hok =415, Prk Sinw. Hak is a subgrenp of both H and K, IHakl | HHL md [Hak] | KI by Thoorm 2. Hone, |Hok{=! sina ged (IHU IKI =H, So Hak =41§,ane HES UF IGI= PP where pis ® prime, Show thé | acthoe G isadic ov of al fv wry 4 € G, Proc. Suppose thet @ 15 nok gdic, md OF 4EG, Thon oc | p* by Caller 35 So Cy elle term) tp cre 0c) eae Be fs) & p> sina @ is mor Odie . So 09) =] ee (3) =P - la they cose, gt =I, da potato, UY ales aby then sifher @ ts ete or ghal der all 9G (Habis, @ is the Kloo grep Ky), Romer Lob & be a Finite eye qromp , Foy amy clivsor TR EG, @ her < Untque subgrosp ef ardey AL, ome Heese ave all subgrovps ef |, Bb, there ents a finche Hp G such thet, Foy some devisv d ef 161, G has no subgroup of arder A (Late!)