Switching and Intelligent

Networks
Two Dimensional Switching
AAU, AAiT
13 May, 2019
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 1
Two Dimensional Digital Switching
 Large digital switches require switching in both space and time dimension

 The incoming and outgoing PCM highways are spatially separate

 One line of local exchange requires space switching to connect to the

channel of outgoing highways

 Switching network must be able to receive PCM samples from one time slot
and retransmit them in a different time-slot
 Switching network must perform both space and time switching

 The space switching and time switching accomplished in many ways

 A two stage combination switch can be organized with time switch as first
stage and the space switch as the second stage or vice versa.
Resulting in Addis
timeAbaba
space (TS) or space time (ST) switches respectively.
University
Semister 1, 2016/17

 Three stage time and space combinations of TST and STS configurations
are more popular and flexible.

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 2
Two Dimensional Digital Switching
 The main task of the switching
part is to interconnect an
incoming time slot and an
outgoing time slot.

 The unit responsible for this

function is group switch. There
are two types of building block
in the digital group switch.
 time switch and space switch.
 In in this figure, the subscriber
General block diagram of combined switching makes a local call to B.

 The control unit has assigned time slot 3 to the call on its way into
the group switch, and time slot 1 on its way out of the group
switch (to B). Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
 This is maintained during the entire call.

 B to A also carried out similarly

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 3
Time-Space-Switching (TS)
 This structure contains a time stage
T followed by a space stage S

 Used to delay information

 Let the communication is to take

place between subscriber A and B.

 Let A is assigned time slot 2 and

line 1 and subscriber B is assigned
time slot 16 and line N.

The signal moved from time slot 2 to time slot 16 by the time-slot
exchanger and is transferred from line 1 to line N in the space array.
Addis Ababa University
Similarly, the signal originated by B is moved from slot 16 to slot 2
Semister 1, 2016/17

through line N to 1.

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 4
Time-Space-Switching (TS)
 Let TSI has T slots and the space array is N × N,
The simultaneous connections possible is N × T.
If T = 128 and N = 16, 2048 connections can be supported.

 This two-stage TS switch ensures better availability.

 It is a blocking network.
If two or more samples belonging to a specific inlet are destined to the same
time slot in different outlets, blocking will occur.

Addis Ababa University

Semister 1, 2016/17

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 5
Three-stage Combination Switching

Time-Space-Time(TST) switches
 The first and third stages perform time switching
The TSI or time stages interchange time slots (in the time domain) between
external incoming digital channels and the subsequent space stage

 The second stage performs space switching

provides connectivity between time stages at the input and output

Addis Ababa University

Semister 1, 2016/17

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 6
Time-Space-Time(TST) switches

Addis Ababa University

Semister 1, 2016/17

Gives more flexibility => lowers call blocking probability

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 7
Space-time-space (STS) switches
 The first and third stages perform space switching;

 The second stage performs time switching.

Addis Ababa University

Semister 1, 2016/17

5th year, Communication Stream

Semester II, 2016/17 8