In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement in Power Plant Engineering

Entitled:

Submitted to: Eng’r. Marcelino Lunag Jr.

Submitted by: Galgalla, Godfrey Jr. B.
Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG)

A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of the major pieces of equipment in a
gas turbine combined cycle power plant that boasts a high thermal efficiency and produces
minimal CO2 emissions. An HRSG is a kind of heat exchanger that recovers heat from the
exhaust gases of a gas turbine to an extreme degree. The heat is recovered in the form of
steam which is served as the power source of a power-generating steam turbine.

Heat recovery steam generators are equipments which are used to extract heat from
process gas or a waste gas streams and use that heat to convert liquid water into steam in
order to use that steam in some other process or the HSRG is made part of a power generation
unit where it uses the heat from the exhaust gases of turbines to convert liquid water into
steam for use in the same power cycle. HRSG is basically a heat exchanger which has very
high efficiency. For the heat-transfer tubes of an HRSG, finned tubes with excellent heat-
transfer performance are employed. By adopting a compact design, the installation footprint
of the equipment is reduced.
In addition, Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) equipment is installed inside the
HRSG, reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases released into the
atmosphere.
Features
 High Performance and High Reliability
Since Mitsubishi Power delivered its first HRSG in 1963, it has pursued the
optimization of its HRSG offerings based on an extensive delivery track record and
operational experience.
Mitsubishi Power has manufactured and delivered HRSG with high reliability to
accommodate the demand for higher gas turbine capacities as well as for higher temperatures
and pressures in steam, associated with the higher efficiency and output of power plants.
 Highly economical
Mitsubishi Power offers two types of HRSG, a vertical gas flow type (Vertical HRSG)
and a horizontal gas flow type (Horizontal HRSG). In addition, by combining a vast array of
established construction methods for assembly and installation, Mitsubishi Power can
develop proposals with specifications optimized to the transportation and site requirements.

PARTS OF HRSG

A HRSG system is made up of three major components; the economizer, the

evaporator and the superheater. These components are arranged accordingly on order to get a
highly efficient thermal exchange system. In some applications, a selective catalyst reduction
(SCR) unit is installed with the HRSG in order to reduce the nitrogen content oxide in the
exhaust gases of HRSG.

Working Principle of HRSG

HSRG is essentially a large structure of network of pipes. The water is made to flow
through the pipes and the hot gases are made to contact the pipes from the other side. The
water and the hot gases are separated by the solid boundaries of the pipe material. The pipes
are provided with extended fins in order to increase the effective heat transfer area.

The water is first passed through the economizer from where it passes through
evaporator and then to superheater. The hot gases first come in contact with the superheater
and then with evaporator and then with economizer. The temperature of the superheater
section is highest in the system because it is the closest to the input of hot gases. The
temperature of the economizer is the lowest among the three major components because it is
farthest from the hot gases input.

The liquid water is fed in to the economizer, the function of economizer is to preheat
the liquid before it passes to the evaporator section. The preheated liquid water then passes to
the evaporator tubes where enough heat exchange occurs for the liquid water to get converted
into steam. The steam may be saturated in nature hence it is passed to the superheater section
where the temperature of steam increases so much that it becomes a superheated steam from
a saturated steam. This superheated steam is then output from the HRSG system and then
passed down the line to the next equipment in the process wherever it is required.

Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR)

The HRSG has one more outlet which corresponds to the hot gas input. The gases
cool down to a certain extent before exiting the system. If the HRSG is being used in a power
cycle then the hot gases are the exhaust of the turbine. They contain nitrogen oxides which
need to be neutralized before leaving the gas to disperse in atmosphere.

The nitrogen oxide gases are considered pollutants and global warming gases, they
can cause irritation and inflammation of they are present in high quantities in the airways.
They are responsible for formation of ground level ozone and also they react to form smog
and acid rain.

A unit called selective catalyst reduction (SCR) is installed in applications which

contain nitrogen oxides as one of the components. The SCR unit contains ammonia which are
used to react with and neutralize the nitrogen oxides. After the hot gases serve their purpose
of exchanging heat and converting water to steam, they are mixed with sufficient ammonia in
order to follow the safety norms before releasing the gases to the atmosphere.

Classification of HRSG

They are classified based on the direction of flow of exhaust gases and the number of
pressure levels involved.

 Based on direction of exhaust gases: they are classified into horizontal and vertical
type. In horizontal type, the gases flow horizontally over vertical tubes. In vertical type,
the gases flow vertically over the horizontal tubes.
 Based on the number of pressure level: they are classified as single pressure and multi
pressure. In single pressure system the steam is generated in a single steam drum at one
pressure level. In multi pressure systems the steam is generated in multiple steam drum,
each drum operating at a different pressure level ranging from low pressure to high
pressure.