Name :- Ashish Renukadas patange

Div :- CF 06
Subject : IADR
Assignment – 01
Prof:- Mayuri yadav ma’am

Q.1) Define industry

Industry, group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce

or supply goods, services, or sources of income. In economics,
industries are generally classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary; secondary industries are further classified as heavy and
light.
Primary industry
This sector of a nation’s economy includes agriculture, forestry, fishing,
mining, quarrying, and the extraction of minerals. It may be divided into
two categories: genetic industry, including the production of raw
materials that may be increased by human intervention in the
production process; and extractive industry, including the production of
exhaustible raw materials that cannot be augmented through
cultivation.

The genetic industries include agriculture, forestry, and livestock

management and fishing—all of which are subject to scientific and
technological improvement of renewable resources. The extractive
industries include the mining of mineral ores, the quarrying of stone,
and the extraction of mineral fuels. Primary industry tends to dominate
the economies of undeveloped and developing nations, but as
secondary and tertiary industries are developed, its share of the
economic output tends to decrease.
Secondary industry
This sector, also called manufacturing industry, (1) takes the raw
materials supplied by primary industries and processes them into
consumer goods, or (2) further processes goods that other secondary
industries have transformed into products, or (3) builds capital goods
used to manufacture consumer and nonconsumer goods. Secondary
industry also includes energy-producing industries (e.g., hydroelectric
industries) as well as the construction industry.

Secondary industry may be divided into heavy, or large-scale, and light,

or small-scale, industry. Large-scale industry generally requires heavy
capital investment in plants and machinery, serves a large and diverse
market including other manufacturing industries, has a complex
industrial organization and frequently a skilled specialized labour force,
and generates a large volume of output. Examples would include
petroleum refining, steel and iron manufacturing (see metalwork),
motor vehicle and heavy machinery manufacture, cement production,
nonferrous metal refining, meat-packing, and hydroelectric power
generation.
Light, or small-scale, industry may be characterized by the nondurability
of manufactured products and a smaller capital investment in plants
and equipment, and it may involve nonstandard products, such as
customized or craft work. The labour force may be either low skilled, as
in textile work and clothing manufacture, food processing, and plastics
manufacture, or highly skilled, as in electronics and computer hardware
manufacture, precision instrument manufacture, gemstone cutting, and
craft work.
Tertiary industry
This broad sector, also called the service industry, includes industries
that, while producing no tangible goods, provide services or intangible
gains or generate wealth. This sector generally includes both private
and government enterprises.
The industries of this sector include, among others, banking, finance,
insurance, investment, and real estate services; wholesale, retail, and
resale trade; transportation; professional, consulting, legal, and
personal services; tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment;
repair and maintenance services; and health, social welfare,
administrative, police, security, and defense services.

Quaternary industry
An extension of tertiary industry that is often recognized as its own
sector, quaternary industry, is concerned with information-based or
knowledge-oriented products and services. Like the tertiary sector, it
comprises a mixture of private and government endeavours. Industries
and activities in this sector include information systems and
information technology (IT); research and development, including
technological development and scientific research; financial and
strategic analysis and consulting; media and communications
technologies and services; and education, including teaching and
educational technologies and services

Q2) Explain classification of industrial Sector and their contribution to

Indian economy?
Classification of Industries in India
On the basis of raw materials and finished products, industries are
classified as: Source of raw materials used According to their main role
Capital investment Ownership
Finished goods
1. Agro-based industries:- Industries that use agricultural raw
materials such as – Cotton, jute, silk, woolen textiles, sugar and
edible oil, etc. Under Agro industries we have cotton, jute and
sugar industry.

Cotton textiles:-
Traditional industry with hand spinning and handloom weaving
techniques.
Suffered a setback during the colonial period.
Today, there are nearly 1600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills
in the country.
80 per cent of these are in the private sector and the rest in the public
and cooperative sectors.
Early years, they were located near Maharashtra and Gujarat
Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including port facilities,
labor, moist climate.
This industry has close links with agriculture & provides employment
It also supports other industries like chemicals industries, mills,
packaging materials and engineering works.
India exports to Japan, U.S.A., U.K., Russia, France, East European
countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and African countries.
Problems faced by cotton textiles:- Low output of labour, stiff
competition with the synthetic fibre industry, lack of technology and
machinery and poor power supply.
Jute textiles:-
India is the 2nd largest producer of raw jute after Bangladesh.
It is an important fibre after cotton.
Most of the jute mills are located in West Bengal, mainly along the
banks of the river Hugli.
Government intervention with policy like mandatory use of jute
packaging.
Government also launched National Jute Policy In 2005 for ensuring
increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices.
Jute is environment friendly meaning they are biodegradable materials.
Jute from India is exported to countries like U.S.A., Canada, Russia,
Egypt, Iraq, U.K. and Australia.
Sugar industry:-
India stands 2nd as a world producer of sugar but occupies the 1st place
in the production of gur and khandsari.
Sugar largely contains sucrose, during transportation the sucrose
content reduces.
Found in the regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya
Pradesh.
60% sugar mills in India are located in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Sugar industry is ideally suited for co-operative sector.
In recent times, the sugar industry is shifting its concentration from the
belts of UP & Bihar to Southern and Western states especially
Maharashtra.
2. Mineral based industries:- Industries that use minerals and metals
as raw materials they are called mineral based industries.

Iron and steel industry:-

It is a basic industry since all the other industries depend on it for
machinery.
Steel is needed for engineering goods, construction material, defence,
medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer
goods.
Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well
as finished goods are heavy.
Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of
approximately 4 : 2 : 1 to make steel harder.
Today with 91.46 million tons of total finished steel products and 9.7
million tons of raw pig iron, India ranks 3rd after Japan and China.
Chota-nagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron
and steel industries.
All PSU market their steel through, Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)
while TISCO markets its produce through Tata Steel.
Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment have given a boost to the
iron & steel industry.
Aluminium smelting:-
Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting Aluminium from its
oxide, alumina. It requires a lot of heating and melting processes.
Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical
industry in India.
Aluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat,
malleable and becomes strong when mixed with other metals.
It is used in the manufacture of aircrafts, utensils and wires. It is a
substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in many industries.
Aluminium smelting plants in India are located in the states of Odisha,
West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and
Tamil Nadu.
Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite, it is a dark reddish colored rock.
Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material at
minimum cost are the two prime factors for location of the industry.
Chemical industry:-
The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying.
Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals
that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for
consumer markets.
Today the Indian chemical industry is a critical part of the Indian
economy. The industry contributes approximately 6% to the country’s
total GDP.
Today India is the third largest producer of chemicals in Asia and
occupies the 6th place in the world.
As we know chemistry is divided into organic and inorganic chemistry.
Organic chemicals are those chemicals that have at least one caatom as
its base. Petrochemicals, polymers, soaps detergent are fine example of
an organic chemical. Inorganic chemicals are those chemical that have
compounds other than carbon like acids bases salts etc Inorganic
chemical industry is widely spread in our country.Industries like,
fertilizers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints, dyes, glass, soaps
and detergents, paper) and caustic soda they are dependent on
inorganic chemical industry.
Fertilizer industry:-
India is an agrarian country and agriculture depends a lot on
fertilizers.So the entire fertilizer industry is based around the
production of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K).Potash is
entirely imported as India does not have any reserves of commercially
usable potash potassium compounds in any form. So we totally depend
on foreign market for potash.India is the third largest producer of
nitrogenous fertilizers.Fertilizer industry in India is spread in the regions
of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh,
Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi,
Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.Cement industry:-Cement is essential
for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges,
roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments.This
industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica,
alumina and gypsum.The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in
1904. After Independence the industry expanded.India exports readily
available cements to the markets in East Asia, Middle East, Africa and
South Asia.This industry is doing well in terms of production as well as
export.
3. Automobile industry:- Automobiles provide vehicle for quick
transport of good services and passengers. India manufactures
Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheeler and
multi-utility vehicles at various centers.The demand of vehicles
has increased after 1991 economic liberalization, that’s when the
Indian market opened up to the foreign markets for conducting
businesses.Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new
technology and aligned the industry with global
developments.Automobile industry in India is located around
Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow,
Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore.
4. Information technology and electronics industry:-
The electronics industry covers a wide range of products and
equipment required by the telecommunication industry. Important
centers for electronic goods are Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Hyderabad,
Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore. Bangalore has
emerged as the electronic capital of India. In India, we have technology
parks that provide high data communication facility.A major impact of
this industry has been on employment.This industry has been a major
foreign exchange earner.In the IT sector, Business Processes
Outsourcing sector commonly referred to as BPO is major reason
behind the success of the Indian IT industry.Recent Performance of
Industrial Sector :14.6 Post 2008-09, the industrial sector, consisting of
manufacturing, Mining, electricity, and construction, showed
remarkable recovery and Steady growth for three years but lost
momentum thereafter owing to a Combination of supply-side and
demand-side constraints. However , the Latest indicators, emerging
from the recently revised estimates of National income brought out by
the Central Statistics Office, point to The fact that the revival of growth
had started in 2013-14 and attained Further vigour in 2014-15. Brighter
prospects in India, compared to the Global scenario, owe mainly to the
fact that the economy stands largely Relieved of the vulnerabilities
associated with an economic slowdown, Persistent inflation, elevated
fiscal deficit, slackening domestic demand,External account imbalances,
and oscillating value of the rupee in 2011-12 and 2012-13. Factors like
the steep decline in oil prices have also Helped . However the sluggish
global demand particularly in Europe and Recent slowdown in China
have partly fed into the lacklusture Performance in foreign trade; yet
this downward pressure has beenCompensated by strong domestic
demand, keeping the growth Momentum going.14.7. As per Provisional
estimates of GDP for 2014-15, the growth of mining & quarrying’ is
estimated at 2.4 percent while the growth of ‘manufacturing’ sector is
estimated at 7.1 percent. Production of coal And crude oil registered
growth rates of 8.2 percent and (- )0.9 percent In 2014-15 and the key
indicators of construction sector, namely, Cement and consumption of
finishesteel registered growth of 5.6 Percent and 3.1 percent,
respectively. 148 Index of Industrial Production : The index of industrial
Production (IIP), released each month by CSO, MOSPI , is the key
Indicator of industrial performance. The new IIP series with 2004-05 as
Base was released in June 2011 replacing the earlier IIP series with Base
1993-4. Recent industrial growth, measured in terms of IIP, shows
Fluctuating trends though the trajectory of manufacturing sector
mirrors Growth in overall IIP. Growth had reached 15.5 per cent in
2007-8 and Then started decelerating. Initial deceleration in industrial
growth was

Q3) Enlist top 3 players in retail industry?

Profile of Top Retail Players in India:

This part gives brief outline of top ten retail companies in India:

1. Shoppers’ Stop:
K. Raheja group of companies founded Shoppers’ Stop on October 27,
1991. The organisation had already made its presence felt in the
hospitality and real estate sector, and now it has created a landmark in
the Retail sector with Shoppers’ Stop. Shoppers’ Stop is famous for the
expertise and acumen relating to the current practices of the industry.

It provides quality services, products and the right kind of shopping

environment. It has developed itself as a household name and has set
high standards for itself with the mission statement: “Nothing but the
best.” In 2005, the company had 25 stores with a turnover of Rs. 1000
crore and 7 lakh sq. feet retail space in the year 2005. The average age
of the employees in the organisation is 25 years.

Products:
Main products offered by the organisation include:
i. Apparel (Clothes): Men, Women, and Kids
ii. Accessories: Men, Women

ADVERTISEMENTS:
iii. Home Décor: Appliances & Adornments, Bed, Bath &
Kitchenware, etc.
iv. Gift Ideas: Gift vouchers; Birthday, corporate and wedding, etc.
v. Other services: Colour studio, CRY bags, Nail studio, Music,
Books, etc. etc.

Stores:

ADVERTISEMENTS:
The organisation operates in all part of country. It has its stores in
Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pane,
Kolkata etc. Company’s corporate office is situated in Mumbai (W). For
more detail visit company’s official website:

2. Westside/Trent:
Tata Group founded Trent Ltd. (Westside) in 1998. The acquisition of a
London-based retail chain Littlewoods by the Tata was followed by the
establishment of Trent Ltd, which was later renamed as Westside. It is
one of the largest and fastest growing chains serving the customers in
various categories, including men’s wear, women’s wear, kid’s wear,
footwear, cosmetics, perfumes and handbags, household accessories,
lingerie and gifts.
The company offers products with a balance between style and price.
There are 25 Westside departmental stores operating in various cities
like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Delhi, Bangalore, Noida, Gurgaon,
Nagpur, Kolkata and many others.
Trent had established a hypermarket business with Star India Bazaar
which provides them products at lower price and better shopping
experience. Star India Bazaar offers customers a variety of products in
categories, such as staple foods, fruits, vegetables, consumer
electronics, health and beauty products and many more at affordable
prices. In the year 2005, Trent acquired 76% stake in Landmark, which
is one of the largest books and music retail chains in the country.

ADVERTISEMENTS

Some of the honours given to the company include:

i. Lycra Images Fashion Awards 2005 awarded it with the Most

Admired Large Format Retail Chain of the Year.
ii. ‘Brand Leadership Retail’ given by India Brand Summit.

ADVERTISEMENTS:
 iii. NDTV Profit Business Leadership Awards 2006 in Retail
category.
iv. Aiding the community
v. IFA Visionary of the Year Award, 2002, honoured Mrs. Simone
N. Tata.
vi. Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Westside Stores:

Company operates in many leading cities, including Ahmedabad,

Banglore, Chennai, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Hyderabad, Jaipur
Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Noida, Pune, Surat and Vadodra.
Company’s corporate office is situated in Mumbai. For more detail log
on:
3. Pantaloons Retail (India) Limited:
Pantaloons Retail is the flagship enterprise of the Future Group.
Pantaloons Retail (India) Limited has spread across various businesses
and cities in India. Pantaloons owns multiple retail formats and is able
to cater to a large section of the society. The company has over 140
stores across 32 cities in India and 14000 employees.
The headquarters of the company are situated at Mumbai. The
organisation made an incursion into the modern retail (fashion) in
1997. Big Bazaar, a hypermarket chain, was introduced in the year
2001, with an Indian touch of convenience and hygiene. Food Bazaar,
food and grocery chain, and Central Mall located at various Metros are
other important parts of the group.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Others include Collection (home improvement products), E-zone

(consumer electronics), Depot (books, music, stationery and gifts), Blue
Sky (fashion accessories) and Shoe Factory (footwear). The company
has also launched a retailing venture known as futurebazaar(dot)com.
The vision of Future group is to “Deliver Everything, Everywhere, Every
time to Every Indian Consumer in the most profitable manner.”

Honours:

Some of the awards given to Pantaloons Retail (India) Limited includes:

i. National Retail Federation gave Pantaloons the ‘International

ii. Retailer of the Year’ Award
iii. Images Retail Awards 2005

ADVERTISEMENTS:

iv. PRIL – Most admired retailer of the year

v. Central – Retail launch of the year
vi. Mr. Kishore Biyani – Retail Face of the year
Profile of Top Retail Players in India:
This part gives brief outline of top ten retail companies
in India:
1. Shoppers’ Stop:
K. Raheja group of companies founded Shoppers’ Stop on October
27, 1991. The organisation had already made its presence felt in
the hospitality and real estate sector, and now it has created a
landmark in the Retail sector with Shoppers’ Stop. Shoppers’ Stop
is famous for the expertise and acumen relating to the current
practices of the industry. It provides quality services, products
and the right kind of shopping environment. It has developed
itself as a household name and has set high standards for itself
with the mission statement: “Nothing but the best.” In 2005, the
company had 25 stores with a turnover of Rs. 1000 crore and 7
lakh sq. feet retail space in the year 2005. The average age of the
employees in the organisation is 25 years.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Products:
Main products offered by the organisation include:
i. Apparel (Clothes): Men, Women, and Kids

ii. Accessories: Men, Women

ADVERTISEMENTS:

iii. Home Decor: Appliances & Adornments, Bed, Bath &

Kitchenware, etc.

iv. Gift Ideas: Gift vouchers; Birthday, corporate and wedding, etc.

v. Other services: Colour studio, CRY bags, Nail studio, Music,

Books, etc. etc.
Stores:
ADVERTISEMENTS:

The organisation operates in all part of country. It has its stores in

Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad,
Mumbai, Pane, Kolkata etc. Company’s corporate office is situated
in Mumbai (W). For more detail visit company’s official website:
www.shoppersstop.com

2. Westside/Trent:
Tata Group founded Trent Ltd. (Westside) in 1998. The
acquisition of a London-based retail chain Littlewoods by the Tata
was followed by the establishment of Trent Ltd, which was later
renamed as Westside. It is one of the largest and fastest growing
chains serving the customers in various categories, including
men’s wear, women’s wear, kid’s wear, footwear, cosmetics,
perfumes and handbags, household accessories, lingerie and gifts.

The company offers products with a balance between style and

price. There are 25 Westside departmental stores operating in
various cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Delhi, Bangalore,
Noida, Gurgaon, Nagpur, Kolkata and many others.

Trent had established a hypermarket business with Star India

Bazaar which provides them products at lower price and better
shopping experience. Star India Bazaar offers customers a variety
of products in categories, such as staple foods, fruits, vegetables,
consumer electronics, health and beauty products and many more
at affordable prices. In the year 2005, Trent acquired 76% stake in
Landmark, which is one of the largest books and music retail
chains in the country.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Honours:
Some of the honours given to the company include:
i. Lycra Images Fashion Awards 2005 awarded it with the Most
Admired Large Format Retail Chain of the Year.

ii. ‘Brand Leadership Retail’ given by India Brand Summit.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

iii. NDTV Profit Business Leadership Awards 2006 in Retail

category.

iv. Aiding the community

v. IFA Visionary of the Year Award, 2002, honoured Mrs. Simone

N. Tata.

vi. Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Westside Stores:
Company operates in many leading cities, including Ahmedabad,
Banglore, Chennai, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Hyderabad,
Jaipur Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Noida, Pune, Surat
and Vadodra. Company’s corporate office is situated in Mumbai.
For more detail log on: www.mywestside.com

3. Pantaloons Retail (India) Limited:

Pantaloons Retail is the flagship enterprise of the Future Group.
Pantaloons Retail (India) Limited has spread across various
businesses and cities in India. Pantaloons owns multiple retail
formats and is able to cater to a large section of the society. The
company has over 140 stores across 32 cities in India and 14000
employees.

The headquarters of the company are situated at Mumbai. The

organisation made an incursion into the modern retail (fashion)
in 1997. Big Bazaar, a hypermarket chain, was introduced in the
year 2001, with an Indian touch of convenience and hygiene. Food
Bazaar, food and grocery chain, and Central Mall located at
various Metros are other important parts of the group.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Others include Collection (home improvement products), E-zone

(consumer electronics), Depot (books, music, stationery and
gifts), Blue Sky (fashion accessories) and Shoe Factory (footwear).
The company has also launched a retailing venture known as
futurebazaar(dot)com. The vision of Future group is to “Deliver
Everything, Everywhere, Every time to Every Indian Consumer in
the most profitable manner.”