An Introduction To CDMA Air Interface

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An Introduction to CDMA Air Interface: TIA/EIA/IS-95A Advanced Technology
Center
Computer & Communications Research Laboratories
Industrial Technology Research Institute
Ray-Guang Cheng crg@atc.ccl.itri.org.tw Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced
Technology Center Computer & Communications Research Laboratories Industrial
Technology Research Institute Contents •Introduction •Forward CDMA Channel
•Reverse CDMA Channel
Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer & Communications
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute CDMA Around the
World Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute
Multiple Access •FDMA –Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) and Total Access
Communications System (TACS)
–AMPS systems use 30 kHz "slices" of spectrum for each channel
–Narrowband AMPS (NAMPS) requires only 10 kHz per channel
–TACS channels are 25 kHz wide
•TDMA –IS-54 systems, designed to coexist with AMPS systems, divide 30 kHz of
spectrum into three channels
–PDC divides 25 kHz slices of spectrum into three channels
–GSM systems create 8 time-division channels in 200 kHz wide carriers
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Multiple Access
•CDMA –unique digital codes are used to differentiate subscribers
–codes are shared by both MS and BS
–all users share the same range of radio spectrum
•Benefits of CDMA: –Capacity increases: 8 to 10 times (AMPS); 4 to 5 times (GSM)
–Improved call quality
–Simplified system planning
–Enhanced privacy
–Improved coverage characteristics
–Increased talk time for portables
–Bandwidth on demand
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute CDMA •There are
two CDMA common air interface standards: –Cellular (824-894 MHz) -
TIA/EIA/IS-95A –PCS (1850-1990 MHz) - ANSI J-STD-008 They are very similar in
their features, with exceptions of the frequency plan, mobile identities, and
related message fields. •IS-95A –45 MHz spacing for forward & reverse channel
–Permissible frequency assignments are on 30 kHz increments
–W/R = 10 log (1.2288 MHz/9600Hz) = 21 dB for the 9600 bps rate set
•ANSI J-STD-008 –80 MHz spacing for forward & reverse channel –Permissible
frequency assignments are on 50 kHz increments
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Frequency Plan of
IS-95A Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Frequency Plan of ANSI J-STD-008
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward CDMA
Channel of IS-95A •From BSS to MS
•It carries traffic, a pilot signal, and overhead information.
•Pilot is a spread but unmodulated DSSS signal.
•Pilot and overhead channels establish the system timing and
station identity. •Pilot channel is also used in the mobile-assisted handoff
(MAHO) process as a signal strength reference. •FEC code rate is 1/2 and the PN
rate is 1.2288 MHz (1.2288 MHz = 128*9600 bps). Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI
Advanced Technology Center Computer & Communications Research Laboratories
Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward Link Channel Parameters Channel
Sync Paging Traffic Data rate 1200 4800 9600 1200 2400 4800 9600 bps Code
repetition 2 2 1 8 4 2 1 Modulation symbol rate 4800 19,200 19,200 19,200 19,200
19,200 19,200 sps PN chips/ modulation symbol 256 64 64 64 64 64 64 PN chips/bit
1024 256 128 1024 512 256 128
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Signal Structure
•The forward link consists of up to 64 logical channels (code channels).
•Code channels is one of a set of 64 so-called Walsh functions.
•Only whole periods of the Walsh functions occur in each code
symbol, the Walsh makes the channels completely separable in the receiver. •Each
forward code channel is spread by the Short Code, which has I- and Q-components.
•The two coded, covered, and spread streams are vector- modulated on the RF
carrier. The spreading modulation is thus QPSK, superimposed on a BPSK code
symbol stream. Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Overhead Channels •There are three types of overhead channel in the forward
link: –pilot, is required in every station
–sync
–paging
•Pilot channel –pure short code with no additional cover or information content
–always code channel zero
–a demodulation reference for the mobile receivers and for handoff level
measurements –carries no information
–all stations use the same short code, distinguished by the phase
–period of the short code, 215= 26.667 ms at the 1.2288 MHz chip rate
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Overhead Channels
•Pilot channel (Conti.) –pilot phases always be assigned to stations in
multiples of 64 chips, giving a total of 215-6 = 512 possible assignments –9-bit
number that identifies the pilot phase assignment is called theP ilo t Offset
•Sync Channel –sync channel carries timing and system configuration information
–data rate is always 1200 bps
–interleaver period is also 80/3 = 26.667 ms, simplifies finding frame
boundaries, once the mobile has located the pilot –code period ambiguity is then
resolved by the long code state and system time fields Chung-Wei Ku
ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer & Communications Research
Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Overhead Channels •Paging
channel –used to communicate with MSs when they are not assigned to a traffic
channel –successful accesses are normally followed by an assignment to a
dedicated traffic channel
–paging channel may run at either 4800 or 9600 bps
–each BS must have at least one paging channel per sector, on at least one
of the frequencies in use
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Traffic Channel
•Traffic channels –assigned dynamically, in response to MS accesses, to specific
MS
–always carries data in 20 ms frames
–carry variable rate traffic frames, either 1, 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8 of 9600 bps
–rate variation is accomplished by 1, 2, 4, or 8-way repetition of code
symbols, but the energy per bit approximately constant
–rate is independently variable in each 20 ms frame
–the 800 bps reverse link power control subchannel is carried on the
traffic channel by puncturing 2 from every 24 symbols transmitted. •Timing –all
base stations must be synchronized within a few microseconds Chung-Wei Ku
Laboratories Industrial Technology Research InstituteReverse CDMA Channel of
IS-95 •From MS to BSS
•It carries traffic and signaling information.
•FEC code rate is 1/3, the code symbol rate = 28,800 symbols/sec,
6 code symbols/modulation symbol, and the PN rate is 1.2288 MHz •modulation is
64-ary orthogonal Walsh functions, each period of
the Walsh function is repeated for four chips of the PN code
•Walsh symbol rate is 1.2288 MHz/(4 chips per Walsh chip)/(64
Walsh chips per Walsh symbol) = 4,800 modulation symbols/
second
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Reverse CDMA
Channel Parameters, Rate Set 1 Channel Access Traffic Data rate 4,800 1,200
2,400 4,800 9,600 bps Code Rate 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 Symbol Rate before
Repetition 14,400 3,600 7,200 14,400 28,800 sps Symbol Repetition 2 8 4 2 1
Symbol Rate after Repetition 28,800 28,800 28,800 28,800 28,800 sps Transmit
Duty Cycle 1 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 Code Symbols/Modulation Symbol 6 6 6 6 6 PN
Chips/Modulation Symbol 256 256 256 256 256 PN chips transmitted/bit 256 128 128
128 128 Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Signal Structure •Reverse CDMA Channel consists of 242- 1 logical channels •One
of the logical channel is permanently and uniquely associated with each MS. The
channel does not change upon handoff. •Reverse link addressing is accomplished
through manipulation of period 242- 1 Long Code, which is part of the spreading
process. •The reverse CDMA Channel does not use strict orthogonality in any
sense to separate logical channels. Rather, it uses a very long period spreading
code, in distinct phases. The correlations between stations are not zero, but
they are acceptably small.
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Handoff •CDMA is
specifically designed not only to reduce handoff failures but also to provide
seamless service. Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer
& Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute
Handoff •Steps in a handoff –Starting in a state where only one cell is
supporting the call in question.
–Informing the candidate cell of the imminent handoff
–Signaling the mobile to begin executing the handoff.
–New cell beginning to service the mobile
–Mobile beginning to use the new cell
–Entering the mid-handoff state (prolonged only in CDMA)
–Mobile discontinuing use of the old cell
–Old cell stopping service to the mobile
–Ending in a state where the new cell is supporting the call in question
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute AMPS v.s. CDMA
•Difference between AMPS & CDMA –CDMA handoffs do not normally require frequency
tuning.
–CDMA requires change of the code channel in the forward CDMA channel.
–No tuning, either frequency or code channel is required in the reverse
CDMA channel at any time. •AMPS –Hard handoff (communication is interrupted
briefly)
–not simultaneous communication with more than one BS
–BS do the signal quality measurement
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute CDMA Protocol
Upper Layers (Primary Traffic) Upper Layers (Secondary Traffic) Layer 2 (Primary
Traffic) Layer 2 (Secondary Traffic) Layer 2 (Signaling) Multiplex Sublayer
(Traffic Channel) Layer 2 (Link Layer)
Paging & Access
Channels
Layer 2 Sync Channels Layer 3 (Mobile Station Control Processes) Layer 1
(Physical Layer)
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Primary and
Signaling Traffic MM =0 MM =1 MM =1 MM =1 MM =1 TT =0 TT =0 TT =0 TT =0 TM =00
TM =01 TM =10 TM =11 Primary Traffic = 171 bits Primary Traffic = 80 bits
Signaling Traffic = 88 bits Primary Traffic = 40 bits Signaling Traffic = 128
bits Primary Traffic = 16 bits Signaling Traffic = 152 bits Signaling Traffic =
168 bits Primary Traffic = 80 bits Primary Traffic = 40 bits Primary Traffic =
16 bits 9600 bps Primary Traffic only Dim & Burst with rate 1/2 primary &
signaling traffic Dim & Burst with rate 1/4 primary & signaling traffic Dim &
Burst with rate 1/8 primary & signaling traffic Blank & Burst with signaling
traffic only 4800 bps primary traffic only 2400 bps primary traffic only 1200
bps Primary traffic only 172 bits 80 bits 40 bits 16 bits
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Secondary Traffic
MM =1 TT =1 TM =00 Primary Traffic = 80 bits Signaling Traffic = 88 bits MM =1
TT =1 TM =01 Primary Traffic = 40 bits Signaling Traffic = 128 bits MM =1 TT =1
TM =10 Primary Traffic = 16 bits Signaling Traffic = 152 bits MM =1 TT =1 TM =11
Signaling Traffic = 168 bits Dim & Burst with rate
1/2 primary &
Secondary traffic
Dim & Burst with rate
1/4 primary &
Secondary traffic
Dim & Burst with rate
1/8 primary &
Secondary traffic
Blank & Burst with Secondary traffic only 172 bits Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI
Industrial Technology Research Institute Sync Channel •Signaling on all channels
use a synchronized bit-oriented protocol.
•Sync channel is used during the system acquisition stage.
•Sync channel frame length is the length of pilot PN sequence.
•Only the Sync Channel Message is sent on the sync channel.
•MS
–obtains information from Sync Channel Message
–adjusts its timing to normal system timing
–begins monitoring its Paging Channel
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Paging Channel
•Data rate: 2400, 4800, 9600 bps
•One 9600 bps Paging Channel can support 180 pages/sec.
•Paging Channel conveys four major types of messages:
–overhead
–paging
–order
–channel assignment
•Configuration of the system is conveyed in four overhead messages: –System
Parameter Message
–Access Parameter Message
–Neighbor List Message
–CDMA Channel List Message
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Overhead Messages
•System Parameter Message: –configuration of the Paging Channel
–registration parameters
–parameters to aid pilot acquisition
•Access Parameter Message –configuration of the Access Channel –control
parameters used to stabilize the Access Channel •Neighbor List Message –time
offset of the pilot –basic neighbor configuration •CDMA Channel List Message
–CDMA frequency assignment that contain Paging Channels
Messages •Page Message: –contains pages to one or more mobile stations. •Order
Message: –a broad class of messages used to control a particular MS. •Channel
Assignment Message: –let BS to assign a MS to the traffic channel
–change Paging Channel Assignment
–direct the MS to use the analog FM system
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Access Channel
•Access Channel provides communications from MS to BS when MS is not using a
Traffic Channel.
•All Access Channel use 4800 bps mode
•Access Channel Message:
–call origination
–response to pages
–orders
–registrations
•One or more Access Channel are paired with every Paging Channel •Control of
Access Channel transmission is accomplished through the Access Parameter Message
sent on the Paging Channel
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Framing and
Signaling on the Traffic Channel •Both forward & reverse Traffic Channels use 20
ms frames.
•Frames can be sent at 9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200 bps
•Signaling
–blank-and-burst signaling:
•sent at 9600 bps
•replace one or more frames of primary traffic data
–dim-and-burst signaling:
•sent at 9600 bps
•sends both signaling and primary traffic data in a frame
•degradation in voice quality is essentially undetectable
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Traffic Channel
Messages & Service Option •Four types of control messages on the Traffic Channel
–messages controlling the call itself
–messages controlling handoff
–messages controlling forward link power
–messages for security and authentication
•IS-95 supports different user applications, called service options •Two
different service options can be simultaneous supported: –primary traffic
–secondary traffic •MS can specify the desired service option at call
origination.
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute IS-95 Standard
•Forward Link –Pilot Channel
–Sync Channel
–Paging Channels (max. 7)
–Traffic Channels
•Power Control Sub-Channel •Reverse Link –Access Channels –Traffic Channels
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward CDMA
Channel •Forward link consists of up to64 logical channels (code channels) •The
code channels are distinguished by a set of 64Wals h functions •Walsh function
code number zero is always reserved as thepi lot •Short Code (with period 215,
27.667 ms at 1.2288 MHz) –spreading the CDMA Forward Channel –used in
conjunction with the Long Code for spreading the CDMA Reverse Channel •Long Code
(with period 242 - 1) –spreading the CDMA Reverse Channel –Long Code Mask serves
as a reverse link address
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Generation of
Forward Code Channel Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center
Computer & Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research
Institute Forward Channel Modulator (Spreading) •Identical I, Q signals; but
different I, Q PN sequences (short code) •Transmitted power is reduced by 3, 6,
or 9 dB for variable data rates at 9.6 k, 4.8 k, 2.4 k, and 1.2 kbps •QPSK
modulation
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward Link
Modulation Parameters •64 othoronal Walsh codes per sector to identify channels
–(S/N is not infinite due to AWGN, multipath, and the neighboring cell) •Long
code (period 242 -1) to scramble data
•DS at 1.2288 Mcps
•Every cell uses the same PN sequence (period 215 or 26.67ms)
and is identified by a pre-defined offset (64 x n chips)
•Coherent QPSK demodulation
•Diversity
–time diversity: coding + interleaving –path diversity: soft handoff and RAKE
receiver Up to Traffic Ch N Traffic Ch 1 Traffic Data Mobile Power Control
Sub-Channel ... Up to W7 Paging Ch 7 W8 ... Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced
Technology Research InstituteLogical Forward CDMA Channel Forward CDMA Channel
Pilot Chan Sync Chan W0 W32 Paging Ch 1 W1 ... W31 Traffic Ch 24 Up to ... W63
Traffic Ch 55 W33 Traffic Ch 25
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Pilot Channel
•Unmodulated signal
•Unique per sector/cell
•Signal level is 4~6 dB higher than traffic channel
•Perfect phase/time/signal strength reference for MS
•Used in initial system acquisition and handoff for MS
Pilot
Channel
(All 0’s)
Walsh Function W0 PN Chips 1.2288 Mcps Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced
Technology Research Institute Sync Channel •1200 bps •To convey pilot PN
sequence offset, time of day, and long code state to allow immediate sync of MS
to the network Sync Channel Bits1.2 kbps Convolutional
Encoder
R=1/2, K=9
Code Symbol 2.4 ksps Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Modulation Symbol 4.8
ksps Modulation Symbol 4.8 ksps Walsh Function W32 PN Chips 1.2288 Mcps
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Sync Channel
Frame Structure •Sync channel message has length of 93 x N bits •Sent in N
superframes: –1 superframe (96 bits, 80 ms) = 3 sync channel frames –1 frame (32
bits, 26.67 ms) = 1-bit SOM + 31-bit data –SOM = 1 : start of message •Message
contains: –system identification (SID) and network identification (NID)
–PN sequence offset and long code state
–system time, leap seconds, offset from UTC, etc.
–paging channel data rate
Message
Length
(in bytes)
8 bits Data NM S G = 2 ~ 1146 bits CRC 30 bits Padding = …000... Chung-Wei Ku
Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Paging Channels •4.8 k or
9.6 k bps
•Same time alignment as the traffic channels
•To page MS and to process other orders
Paging Channel Bits4.8 kbps or 9.6 kbps Convolutional
Encoder
R=1/2, K=9
Code Symbol 9.6 ksps
or
19.2 ksps
Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Modulation Symbol 19.2 ksps Modulation
Symbol 19.2 ksps Walsh Function Wp 1≤ p≤ 7 PN Chips 1.2288 Mcps Long Code Mask
for Paging Channel p Long Code Generator 1.2288 Mcps Decimator 19.2 ksps 19.2
ksps
Frame Structure •Synchronized paging channel message has length of 47 x N or 95
x N bits •Sent in N paging channel slots: –1 slot (80 ms) = 8 paging channel
half-frames
–1 half-frame (10 ms, 48 or 96 bits) = 1-bit SCI + 47 (or 95)-bit data
–SCI = 1 : start of a paging channel message
•Message contains: –system parameters
–access parameter (for access channel)
–channel assignment
–TMSI (temporary MS identification) assignment
Message
Length
(in bytes)
8 bits Data NM S G = 2 ~ 1146 bits CRC 30 bits Padding = …000... Chung-Wei Ku
Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward Traffic Channels
•9.6, 4.8, 2.4, or 1.2 k bps; 20 ms frames •Rate can be changed every frame
Forward Traffic
Channel
Information
Bits for User m
(172, 80, 40 or
16 bits/frame)
8.6 kbps 4.0 kbps 2.0 kbps 0.8 kbps Convolutional
Encoder
R=1/2, K=9
Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Modulation Symbol 19.2 ksps Modulation
Symbol 19.2 ksps Add Frame Quality Indicator
for 9600 &
4800 bps Rates
Add 8-bit
Encoder
Tail
9.2 kbps 4.4 kbps 2.0 kbps 0.8 kbps 9.6 kbps 4.8 kbps 2.4 kbps 1.2 kbps 19.2
kbps
9.6 kbps
4.8 kbps
2.4 kbps
Long Code Mask for Paging Channel p Long Code Generator 1.2288 Mcps Decimator
19.2 ksps Walsh Function Wm PN Chips 1.2288 Mcps Decimator MUX Power
Control
Bits
800 bps 800 Hz
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Forward Traffic
Channel Frame Structure 8T 12 F 172 information bits 192 bits (20 ms) 9600 bps
Frame 8T 8 F 80 information bits 96 bits (20 ms) 4800 bps Frame 8T 8 F 40
information bits 48 bits (20 ms) 2400 bps Frame 8T 8 F 16 information bits 24
bits (20 ms) 1200 bps Frame F: Frame Quality Indicator (CRC) T: Encoder Tail
Bits Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Forward Traffic Channel Frame Structure •For signaling Message
Length
(in bytes)
8 bits Data NM S G = 16 ~ 1160 bits CRC 16 bits Padding = …000...
... Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Logical Reverse CDMA Channel Reverse CDMA Channel Access Ch 1 Access Ch n
Traffic Ch 1 Traffic Ch m Address by Long Code PNs n≤ 32 m≤ 62 … Chung-Wei Ku
Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Access Channels •To access
the system, respond the page, make call origination and process other messages
between the MS and the BS
•4.8 kbps slotted random access channel
•MS is identified by orthogonal of long code
Access
Channel
Information
Bits
(88 bits/frame)
4.4 kbps Convolutional
Encoder
R=1/3, K=9
Code Symbol 14.4 ksps Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Modulator Symbol
(Walsh chip) PN Chips 1.2288 Mcps Add 8-bit
Encoder
Tail
4.8 kbps Code Symbol 28.8 ksps Code Symbol 28.8 ksps 64-ary
Orthogonal
Modulator
Long Code Generator Long Code Mask 4.8 ksps
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Long code mask
contents 110001111 Access Channel Number Paging Channel Number Base Station
Identification Pilot Offset for the Forward Channel 1100011000 Permuted ESN
Access Channel Long Code Mask Reverse Traffic Channel Public Long Code Mask 41
33 32 28 27 25 24 9 8 0 41 3231 0 ESN=(E31, E30, E29, E28, E27, E26, E25, … ,
E2, E1, E0) Permuted ESN=(E0, E31, E22, E13, E4, E26, E17, E8, E30, E21, E12,
E3, E25, E16, E7 ,E29 ,E20 ,E11 ,E2 ,E24 ,E15, E6 ,E28,E19 ,E10 ,E1 ,E23 ,E14 ,
E5,E27 ,E18 ,E9) Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer
& Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute
Access Channel Access Channel •Is used by the MS to initiate communication with
the BS & to respond to Paging Channel message Fixed data rate (4800 bps) & 20 ms
frame duration •Access Channel Message may carry •Origination of a call • Paging
responses •Orders response • Data bursts •Acknowledgements to Paging Channel
message •Registration Information Bits = 88 bits Encoder Tail 8 bits 96 bits (20
ms) •Basic frame structure
Frame Structure •Access channel message has length of 88 x N bits •Access
channel slot is as –Access channel frame = 88-bits + 8-bit tail bits (all 0s)
–The value of PAM_SZ and MAX_CAP_SZ are received on the paging channel Message
Length
(in bytes)
8 bits Data NM S G = 2 ~ 842 bits CRC 16 bits Padding = …000... Access Channel
Preamble = 000…000 96 x (1+PAM_SZ) bits Access Channel Frame 96 bits ... Access
Channel Frame 96 bits 96 x (4+PAM_SZ+MAX_CAP_SZ) bits Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI
Industrial Technology Research Institute Access Channel Slot Structure Access
Channel Slot Structure Is (3+MAX_CAP_SZ)+(1+PAM_SZ) Access Channel frames in
length •An Access Channel slot begins & ends on an Access Channel frame
boundary. •Access Channel slots begin at Access Channel frames in which t mod
(4+MAX_CAP_SZ+PAM_SZ)=0 & t: system time in frames Preamble Max Capsule Size
Access Transmission Max Length Access Slot Boundary 20 ms Access channel frame
Access channel slot of five 20 ms Access Channel frames Access Slotn Access
Slotn+1 Access Slotn+2
Structure Access Channel Slot AC Frame AC Frame AC Frame AC Frame AC Frame
Access Channel Preamble AC Body AC Body AC Body T T T Access Channel Message
Capsule Access Channel Message Padding MSG Length Message Body CRC 8 bits 2~842
bits 30 bits 8× MSG_Length bits As Required 88× Nf bits Nf frames=96× Nf bits 1+
PAM_SZ frame=96× (1+ PAM_SZ)bits 20 ms = 96 bits 0.02× (4+PAM_SZ+MAX_CAP_SZ) sec
= 96× (4+PAM_SZ+MAX_CAP_SZ) bits AC frame = Access Channel frame
Nf :: Number of Access Channel frames
needed for message transmission
T :: Encoder Tail bits
field (MSG_Length & CRC) Access Channel field (MSG_Length & CRC) Access Channel
Message Capsule Access Channel Message Padding Message Body CRC 8 bits 2~842
bits 30 bits 8× MSG_Length bits As Required MSG Length •The MS set the field of
to the length of the message in octets, including the MSG_Length, the message
body & the CRC. •The field shall be 8 bits in length, & the MS shall limit the
maximum Access Channel length to 110 octets or 880 bits •The CRC includes the
MSG_Length & the message body. The generator polynomial for the CRC is::
g(x)=X30+X29+X21+X20+X15+X13+X12+X11+X8+X7+X6+X2+1
field (Message Body) Access Channel field (Message Body) Access Channel Message
Capsule Access Channel Message Padding Message Body CRC 8 bits 2~842 bits 30
bits 8× MSG_Length bits As Required MSG Length Message Type Common Layer 2 &
Identification field Common Authentication field Reserved or others as needed
•Registration Message = “00000001”
•Order Message = “00000010”
•Data Burst Message = “00000011”
•Origination Message = “00000110”
•Page Response Message = “00000101”
•Authentication Challenge Response Message = “00000110”
•ACK_SEQ:: Acknowledgement Sequence Number • MSG_SEQ:: Message Sequence Number
•ACK_REQ:: Acknowledgement Required Indicator • VALID_ACK:: Valid
Acknowledgement Indicator
•ACK_TYPE:: Acknowledgement Address Type
• MSID_TYPE:: MS Identifier field type •MSID_LEN:: MS Identifier field length •
MSID:: MS Identifier 8 fields
AUTH_MODE: Authentication mode
AUTHR: Authentication data
RANDC: Random Challenge value
COUNT: Call history parameter
4 fields Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology Center Computer &
Access Channel field: Registration Message Access Channel field
Registration
Message
Access Channel Message Capsule Access Channel Message Padding Message Body CRC 8
bits 2~842 bits 30 bits 8× MSG_Length bits As Required MSG Length Message Type
Common Layer 2 & Identification field Common Authentication field Reserved or
others as needed 00000001 Registration Message ACK_SEQ (3 bits) MSG_SEQ (3 bits)
ACK_REQ (1 bits) VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_TYPE (3 bits)
MSID_LEN (4 bits) MSID (8×MSID_LEN) AUTH_MODE (2 bits) AUTHR (0 or 18 bits)
RANDC (0 or 8 bits) COUNT (0 or 6 bits) REG_TYPE (4 bits) SLOT_CYCLE INDEX(3
bits) MOB_P_REV (8 bits) SCM (8 bits) MOB_TERM (1 bits) Reserved (6 bits)

field: Order Message Access Channel field Order Message Access Channel Message
00000010 Order Message ACK_SEQ (3 bits) MSG_SEQ (3 bits) ACK_REQ (1 bits)
VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_LEN (4 bits) MSID
(8×MSID_LEN) Reversed (2 bits) Order (6 bits) ADDR_
RECORD_LEN
(3 bits)
Order-specific
field if used
(8× Add_record_len bits)
Reserved (5 bits) Does NOT have This Field Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced
Technology Research Institute Access Channel field: Data Burst Message Access
Channel field Data Burst Message Access Channel Message Capsule Access Channel
Message Padding Message Body CRC 8 bits 2~842 bits 30 bits 8× MSG_Length bits As
Required MSG Length Message Type Common Layer 2 & Identification field Common
Authentication field Reserved or others as needed 00000011 Data Burst Message
ACK_SEQ (3 bits) MSG_SEQ (3 bits) ACK_REQ (1 bits) VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE
(3 bits) MSID_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_LEN (4 bits) MSID (8×MSID_LEN) AUTH_MODE (2
bits) AUTHR (0 or 18 bits) RANDC (0 or 8 bits) COUNT (0 or 6 bits) MSG_
NUMBER
(8 bits)
Burst_TYPE (6 bits) NUM_MSGS (8 bits) SNUM_FIELD (8 bits) CHARi (8 bits)
field: Origination Message Access Channel field Origination Message Access
Channel Message Capsule Access Channel Message Padding Message Body CRC 8 bits
2~842 bits 30 bits 8× MSG_Length bits As Required MSG Length Message Type Common
Layer 2 & Identification field Common Authentication field Reserved or others as
needed 00000100 Origination Message ACK_SEQ (3 bits) MSG_SEQ (3 bits) ACK_REQ (1
bits) VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_LEN (4 bits)
MSID (8×MSID_LEN) AUTH_MODE (2 bits) AUTHR (0 or 18 bits) RANDC (0 or 8 bits)
COUNT (0 or 6 bits) 1 (1bits) 2 (3bits) 3 (8bits) 4 (8bits) 5 (3bits) 6 (1bits)
7 (0or16bits) 8 (1bits) 9 (1bits) 10 (0o3bits) 11 (0or4bits) 12 (1bits) 13
(8bits) 14 (4or8bits) 15 (1bits) 16 (0~7bits) 1:: MOB_TERM 2::SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX
3::MOB_P_REV 4::SCM 5::REQUEST_MODE 6::SPECIAL_SERVICE 7::SERVICE_OPATION 8::PM
9:DIGIT_MODE 10::NUMBER_TYPE 11::NUMBER_PLAN 12::MORE_FIELDS 13::NUM_FIELDS
14::CHARi 15::NAR_AN_CAP 16::RESERVED NUM_FIELDS occurrences of this field
field: Page Response Message Access Channel field
Page Response
Message
others as needed 00000101 Page Response Message ACK_SEQ (3 bits) MSG_SEQ (3
bits) ACK_REQ (1 bits) VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_TYPE (3 bits)
MSID_LEN (4 bits) MSID (8×MSID_LEN) AUTH_MODE (2 bits) AUTHR (0 or 18 bits)
RANDC (0 or 8 bits) COUNT (0 or 6 bits) MOB_ TERM (1bits) SLOT_CYCLE INDEX
(3bits) MOB_ P_REV (8bits) SCM (8bits) REQUEST_ MODE (3bits) SERVICE_ OPTION
(16bits) PM (1bits) NAR_AN _CAP (1bits) RESERVED (5bits)
field: Authentication Challenge Response Message Access Channel field
Authentication Challenge
Response Message
others as needed 00000110 Authentication Challenge Response Message ACK_SEQ (3
bits) MSG_SEQ (3 bits) ACK_REQ (1 bits) VALID_ACK (1 bits) ACK_TYPE (3 bits)
MSID_TYPE (3 bits) MSID_LEN (4 bits) MSID (8×MSID_LEN) RESERVED (2 bits) AUTHR
(0 or 18 bits) RESERVED (4 bits) Chung-Wei Ku ATC/CCL/ITRI Advanced Technology
Center Computer & Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology
Research Institute Reverse Traffic Channels •Variable data rates and format are
as forward traffic channel. But transmission duty cycle is reduced accordingly.
(Bits are not repeated on this channel.) •Message format is identical to the
forward traffic channel. Reverse Traffic
Channel
Information Bits
(172, 80, 40 or
16 bits/frame)
8.6 kbps 4.0 kbps 2.0 kbps 0.8 kbps Convolutional
Encoder
R=1/3, K=9
Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Code Symbol 28.8 ksps Code Symbol 28.8 ksps
Add Frame Quality Indicator
for 9600 &
4800 bps Rates
Add 8-bit
Encoder
Tail
9.2 kbps 4.4 kbps 2.0 kbps 0.8 kbps 9.6 kbps 4.8 kbps 2.4 kbps 1.2 kbps Code
Symbol 28.8 ksps 14.4 ksps
7.2 ksps
3.6 kspsLong Code
Mask Long Code GeneratorPN Chips 1.2288 Mcps 64-ary Orthogonal Modulator
Modulation Symbol (Walsh chip) 4.8 ksps (307.2 kcps) Data Burst Randomizer Frame
Data Rate
Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Reverse CDMA
Channel Signal Generation Ads by Google
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