EFFECTIVENESS OF K-12 SYSTEM IN IMPROVING THE SKILLS AND

KNOWLEDGE OF SHS STUDENTS IN MOLAVE VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL

SCHOOL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

Prepared by:

Eugine Bryan S. Cadiz

Arly Kier Tagaan
Vanessa Teleforo
Genalyn Gahi
 July 2021

Table of Contents

Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

Chapter 1

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations of the Study

Chapter 2

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Review of Related Literature

Chapter 3

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Methodology

Chapter 4

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Results and Discussion

Chapter

5---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

References-------------------------------------------------------------------

21
 Abstract
In most countries, education is usually part of the top priorities,

which includes implementing better systems for the children’s

future, advance learning system and improving the country’s

academic curriculum. Many countries have been able to modify and

improve the standard of education as to keep pace with the

developed countries.
The Philippines has not met the standard required the students

to compete on an international level. The K-12 Basic education

program was then implemented because the program aims to

provide every child the education she/he needs to compete in a

global context.
Extending of two more years of basic education would give

more activities to be done for improving the skills and knowledge

of the students. Consequently, a question on the effectiveness of K-

12 program purpose which is to enhance leaners’ basic skills and

knowledge whether extending two more years in basic studies do

greatly help to Senior High School students.

This study took place at Molave Vocational Technical School,

Burgos street, Molave Zamboanga del Sur. Based on the result K-

12 system is effective in improving the Skills and Knowledge of

Senior High School student in Molave Vocational Technical School.

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In most countries, education is usually part of the top priorities, which

includes implementing better systems for the children’s future, advance

learning system and improving the country’s academic curriculum (Fioriello,

2018). The Education standards vary across countries and regions also within

countries, there are those that will have different standards based on states

and districts.

Many countries have been able to modify and improve the standard of

education as to keep pace with the developed countries (OECD, 2007). Some

of the countries who are under this K-12 program are Afghanistan, Australia,

Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, South Korea, USA and by the year

2016, K-12 education system was also implemented in the Philippines

(Fioriello, 2018).

Foreign countries perceived that a ten-year curriculum in the department

of education is insufficient that is why many Filipinos abroad are not

recognized professionals. With the new curriculum, students are fully

equipped with the skills and knowledge which can help them to stand out on

a global scale and compete accordingly to international standards (Enderun,

2017).

The Philippines has not met the standard required the students to

compete on an international level. Philippines ranked the lowest score in

international test such as the 2003. The K-12 Basic education program was

then implemented because the program aims to provide every child the

education she/he needs to compete in a global context (Cordero, 2018).

The addition of two years helps the students to practice and learn for

their possible course for College or for their Career. After graduating the

Secondary learning school, they can apply to work especially those students

in the Technical-Vocational track and for the Academic track.

There are seven learning Areas under the Core Curriculum. These are

Languages, Literature, Communication, Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural

Sciences, and Social Sciences. Students in Senior High School can choose

among three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational; and Sports and Arts.

The academic track includes three strands: accountancy, business and

management (ABM) Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMMS) Science,

Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM); and Academic Strand

(GAS). In which varies where the students want to study and learn lessons

and skills (Valle, 2019).

The new curriculum gives students the chance to choose among three
tracks the Academic, Technical-Livelihood, and Sports and Arts and undergo

immersion, which provides relevant exposure and actual experience in their

chosen track compared to the old education system that offers a broad

curriculum that does not include enough practical applications (CIIT, 2015).

Extending of two more years of basic education would give more

activities to be done for improving the skills and knowledge of the students.

But one of the common problem in school nowadays is students are escaping

from their classes. Student escape behavior happens when a student is

anxious about a pending activity and seeks a way to get out of or avoid

performing the activity (Harris, 2009).

The goal of the new curriculum is to give Filipino students enough time

to master skills and concepts so that they are ready for tertiary education

when the time comes. Consider the effectiveness of the K-12 program

effective in the municipality of Molave. Graduates from recent years

consider it to be helpful especially for the making of researches and thesis as

a practice to be ready for College projects for the Academic students

Consequently, a question on the effectiveness of K-12 program purpose

which is to enhance leaners’ basic skills and knowledge whether extending

two more years in basic studies do greatly help to Senior High School

students.
Statement of the Problem

The researchers want to examine the effectiveness of K-12 system in

improving the skills and knowledge of Senior High School students.

Specifically it attempts to answer the following questions:

1. Which of the two curriculums, K-12 system or the old curriculum, is

more effective in improving the skills and knowledge of SHS students?

2. How K-12 system prepares the learners for the tertiary level?

3. What is the impact of K-12 system in the Philippine Education?

4. How does it supplement the learning of the Filipino students?

5. Why the Philippine government shifted to 12 years in basic education of

its students?
Significance of the Study

The result of this study would greatly help to the following:

Department of Education. The study will give them information on

how effective K-12 System in improving the skills and knowledge of the

students.

Teachers. This study could give the teachers an idea what factors affects

the effectiveness of K-12 system in supplementing enough skills and

knowledge to ready the students for their future. .

Parents. The study will let the parents know if the money spent in

sending their child in school really helped in supplementing skills and

knowledge that could help their children for their future.

Students. This could raise awareness to the students if they are still

doing their responsibilities enable them to gain the skills and knowledge that

would help them for their future. And also could let them know how far K-12

System helped them in enhancing their skills and knowledge.

Future Researchers. This study would greatly help as basis or reference

materials for those who would like to conduct similar study.

Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will only focus on the effectiveness of K-12 System

in improving the skills and knowledge of all Grade 12 Senior High

School students specifically in Molave Vocational Technical

School.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents various related literatures to the research study. It

focuses on determining the effectiveness of K-12 system in improving the

skills and knowledge of the students.

A basic education is an evolving program of instruction that is intended

to provide students with the opportunity to become responsible and

respectful global citizens. Basic education refers to the whole range of

educational activities taking place in various settings that aim to meet basic

learning needs (Jomtien, 2000).

At the basic education level, the department of education (Dep. Ed)

sets overall educational standards and mandates standardized tests for the K-

12 basic education system. By law, education is compulsory for thirteen

years (Kindergarten and grade 1-12) and is grouped into three levels:

Elementary school (kindergarten- Grade 6), Junior High School (grade 7-

10), and Senior High School (grade 11-12). Children could enter

Kindergarten at the age of 5 (Official Gazette of the Philippines, 2018).

K-12 program is an education system under the Department of

Education that aims to enhance learners' basic skills, produce more

competent citizens, and prepare graduates for lifelong learning and

employment (CIIT, 2015).

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic

education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School,

and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for

mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare

graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,

employment, and entrepreneurship (Official Gazette of the Philippines,

2018).

With the reformation of the education in the country to propose for the

betterment of education and competency of the country However, despite the

widespread support for the reforms, critics argue that the benefits,

particularly for the poor families are not comparable to the costs associated

with keeping their children in school for extra two years (TWBG, 2019).

In an accord to an official publication of the U.S library of the congress,

the Philippines census reported that during the 1990’s a total of 65 percent of

Filipinos understood English. During the last four decades of the twentieth

century, education in all levels had vastly improved. In the compulsory

elementary level, from 1965-1966, there were a total of 5.8 million students

enrolled, 4.5 percent of which were in private institutions. Additionally, in

1987-1988 these numbers grew to 9.6 million enrolled, 6.6 of which were in
private schools (NIAIL, 2019).

The Philippines has not met the standard required the students to

compete on an international level. Philippines ranked the lowest score in

international test such as the 2003. The K-12 Basic education program was

then implemented because the program aims to provide every child the

education she/he needs to compete in a global context (Cordero, 2018).

The Philippine Department of Education is faced with the challenge of

reconfiguring and fundamentally improving the Philippine education. The K-

12 program is one way of addressing the country’s unemployment rate. The

K-12 program envisions that our high school graduates should possess

sufficient mastery of basic competencies, adequately prepared for the world

of entrepreneurship or higher education, legally employable and globally

competitive (Lalas, 2018).

Department of Education ensures that students will graduate under K-12

program will have the standard knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies

that are mostly needed in college or for their future if ever they will not

proceed to their tertiary level of education. In terms of tracks, it will be

distributed according to the resources available in the area, the students need

an interest, together with the opportunities and demands of community

(Plamo, 2018).
 The senior High school is recognized as the last two years of secondary

level of education under the K-12 Program. This includes Grade 11 and 12

that holds a total of four (4) semesters. Senior High School students undergo

through various programs and subjects under their chosen strand (Plamo,

2018).

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary

education; students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests,

and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the

subjects a student will take in Grade 11 and Grade 12. Senior High School

subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks.

Among all of the changes being made by the K-12 programs, Senior

High School is the most recognized and noticeable due to its precollege

learning system. It is being adapted from other countries as a response to

globalization in order to provide and achieve higher quality of education.

This will make the Filipino youth to be stand out and globally competitive in

aspects of work, career, and profession (Plamo, 2018).

The implementation of the K-12 curriculum will help to solve the

country’s dilemma of unemployment. The K-12 system is a significant step

for the Philippines in the modernization of its education system regardless of

the inevitable settling in period. It is only two years, but this would help
learners or even the country’s dilemma (Dumol, 2018).

The additional two years in high school are intended to further hone the

skills and talents of students for their chosen career path in arts, sports,

technical vocational and entrepreneurship or tertiary education to help ease

unemployment in the country. The K-12 law also makes Kindergarten

mandatory among five years olds. A Dep. Ed study showed that children who

attended preschool significantly do better in high school than children who

did not. High School graduates under the K-12 program can find

employment or start their own livelihood because they will be trained in

vocational and technical skills (Ong, 2018).

Employability was the top point of the K-12 curriculum, but it was clear

as early in January of this year that graduates of senior high school or Grade

12, would not be able to compete in the workforce as promised by the

Department of Education. The department of education has no clear data on

how many senior high school graduates were able to find work related to the

track they had completed (Chi, 2018).

For instance, the senior high school graduate named Luis studied in a

relatively small college in Pasay City with a tuition fee that only cost

100,000 Php per semester. He took up Information in Communication and

Technology (ICT) because of his interests in computer science. However

because of Department of Education needs billions of money to give

sufficient materials for every school in teaching, one of the problem in their

school is they lack materials needed for their respective tracks, limited space

in the school, and difficulty of hiring teachers who could teach the advanced

subjects and these situation ended up giving same quality of education as

before (Chi, 2018).

Another is Alexandra Villacorta, a Humanities and Social Science

student from a senior high school in Antipolo City, also tried to find a job

after graduating. She applied for job in different companies but she didn’t get

call backs for certain interviews because she had not yet finished 2 years of

college (Chi,2018).

Extending of two more years of basic education would give more

activities to be done for improving the skills and knowledge of the students.

As the following students observed that some of the Senior high school

graduates didn’t find immediately a job right after graduating, students lack

interest to go to school thinking that K-12 system give them more

requirements and time consuming (Harris, 2009).

And now student escape is one of the common problems in school

nowadays. When students engage themselves in escaping, they attempt to

avoid tasks asked of them by the teachers. Student escape behavior happens
when a student is anxious about a pending activity and seeks a way to get out

of or avoid performing the activity (Harris, 2009).

In order to make Senior High School effective, they ensure that the

programs being offered are inclined with the curriculum of the Commission

of Higher Education (CHED) which is the government sector that manages

the system college and university education in the Philippines. Senior High

School is consisted with subjects and programs similar to college in order to

introduced it to students and be familiar with its content (Plamo, 2018).

Department of Education gave an extra effort to fulfill the needs in

implementing the K-12 system. But some students are not doing their

responsibility as a student, escaping from their classes could affect the

quality of education or the effectiveness of nourishing the basic skills and

knowledge to the students (Chi,2018).

 Chapter III

METHOD

This chapter presents the research design, research environment,

research subject, research instrument, and data gathering procedure and

interpretation of the study.

Research Design

In this study the researchers will employ the descriptive survey design.

Descriptive survey design is a research method that tries to describe and

interpret object appropriate with situation.

Descriptive survey design involves acquiring information about one or

more groups of people – perhaps about their characteristics, opinions,

attitudes, or previous experiences – by asking the respondents questions and

tabulating their answers (Villa, 2016).

Research Environment

This study will be conducted at Senior High School campus of Molave

Vocational Technical School located at Burgos Street Molave, Zamboanga

del Sur. Molave Vocational Technical School is a public school wherein

hundreds of students were enrolled and has been affected with the new
education system or the K-12 System.

Research Subjects

The research subject of this study will be the STEM, ABM, HUMSS and

TVL students of Grade 12 Senior High School of Molave Vocational

Technical School. These students have their immersion that would help the

researchers to know how far did K-12 helped them in improving their skills.

There are 804 enrolled Grade 12 senior high school students in MVTS. Out

of this total number only ten percent (10%) will be selected as respondents of

the study. Therefore, there will be only 81 respondents. The 81 respondents

will be randomly selected among Grade 12 students. The study will employ

simple random sampling so that each students enrolled in Grade 12 will have

a chance of being a respondent in the study.

Research Instrument

The study will be conducted through the use of structured survey

questionnaire. The first part will be the questions to know effectiveness of K-

12 program to the skills of the students and the second part will be the

questions to know the effectiveness of K-12 program in supplementing

knowledge to the students. The questions will be based on the target of the
study which was stated in the statement of the problem. The researchers also

base their questions from the information taken from the internet about the

various concerns of students on the new implemented education system that

would help them know the level of effectiveness of K-12 system to the senior

high school students. The questionnaires will be validated by an expert so

that the researchers can assure the validity and credibility of the questions.

Data Gathering Procedure and Interpretation

The following are the steps to be incorporated in the data gathering of

the study.

1. Seeking permission to conduct the study. The researchers will

prepare their letter to be signed by the school principal to allow them

to conduct their study in every classroom.

2. Picking up respondents. Researchers will choose who will be the

respondents through the use of random sampling technique.

3. Distribution & retrieval of the survey questionnaires. The

researchers will give the randomly picked respondent to answer the

questions. The respondents will be given 5 minutes to answer the

question and researchers will collect the questionnaires afterwards.

4. Data analysis and interpretation of the gathered data. The

researchers will analyze the data through tally procedure which

counts the frequency of answers in each item. And the researchers

will make an interpretation using the gathered data. The researchers

will also look for a secondary source that will support to the

interpreted data.
 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

TABLE 1. Percentage of the Effectiveness of K-12 System in improving their

skill and knowledge System towards SHS Students of MVTS

STRAND PERCENTAGE
Humanities and Social Sciences 69%
Accountancy and Business Management 72%
Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics 89%
General Academic Strand 52%
Technical Vocational Livelihood 87%

This table shows that only 69% of Humanities and Social Sciences

students says that k-12 System is effective, 72% of Accountancy and

Business Management students says that K-12 System is effective, 89% of

Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics students says that K-12

System is effective, 52% of General Academic Strand students says that K-

12 system is effective while 87% of Technical Vocational Livelihood students

says that K-12 System is effective.

 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS

Summary

Based on the gathered information, Science, Technology Engineering

and Mathematics Strand got the highest percentage of students who says that

K-12 System is effective while General Academic Strand got the lowest

percentage of students says that K-12 system is effective

Conclusion

Thus this study rejected the Null Hypothesis.

Recommendations

Based on the results, the following are recommended by the researchers:

1. Try another factor you can use to examine the effectiveness of K-12

System.

2. Make a survey in different Senior High Schools in your Municipality to

make a comparison.
References

Chi, Cristina C. (2018). “K-12 is 6 years of high school for nothing”

http://cnn.ph/opinions-voiceofpeople/

CIIT (2015). “Review and update on the k-12 curriculum in the

Philippines”. Retrieved from www.ciit.edu.ph/

Cordero, Wilson M. (2018). “Education system Profile”. Retrieved from

http://wenr.wer.org/

Dumol, Helen F. (2018). “Does k-12 help the country’s dilemma?”.

http://philippinesbasiceducation.us/employmentdilemma/helpfulorn
o?/05467

Enderun Colleges (2017). “Promoting Global Competence: Advantage

of K-12 for the Philippines”. http://enderuncolleges.com/-8856

Fioriello, Patricia D. (2018). “Critical Issues in Education”

http://drpfconsults/phileducation.com

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Jomtein (2000). “World Declaration on Education for All and Framework

for Action to meet basic learning need”
http://humanium.org/basiceducation/

Lalas, Gia S. (2018). “K-12 Program as a Solution to the Country’s Poor

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NIAIL (2019). “Educational System –an Overview”.

http://education/stateuniversity.com

OECD (2007). “Quality Education for All : Much More than a Financial
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program in the Philippines”. http://officialgazette.gov.ph

Ong, Garry L. (2018). “How do K-12 program benefits the country”

http://philedu.com/frt-5076

Plamo, Edward G. (2018). “The K-12 new curriculum standard”

http://nwcrrclm/basiceducationVSnewcurriculum-k-12

TWBG (2019). “What is K-12 Program?”

https://k-12program/academia.edu

Valle Ysl M. (2019). “Things You Should Know About K-12

Implementation in Different Countries”
http://ebook-for-K-12-Education-Community/academia.edu

Villa, Martyn (2016). “Descriptive Survey Design”

http://explorable.com