ee eel hei ere Gf 2 SME A Bena ele hS TSVSB 161 LEONARD BERNSTEIN CANDIDE A COMIC OPERETTA IN TWO ACTS SCOTTISH OPERA EDITION OF THE OPERA-HOUSE VERSION (1989) BOOK BY HUGH WHEELER BASED ON THE SATIRE BY VOLTAIRE LYRICS BY RICHARD WILBUR WITH ADDITIONAL LYRICS BY STEPHEN SONDHEIM, JOHN LATOUCHE, DOROTHY PARKER, LILLIAN HELLMAN AND LEONARD BERNSTEIN ORCHESTRATIONS BY LEONARD BERNSTEIN AND HERSHY KAY MUSICAL CONTINUITY AND ADDITIONAL ORCHESTRATIONS. BY JOHN MAUCER! 1 A BOOSEY (cy HAWKES“The Best of All Possible Worlds: Oh, Happy Wer Make Our Garden Grow; My Love; Bon Voyage Copyright © 1955, 1958, 1974, 1962, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein, ‘You Were Dead, You Know Copyright © 1955, 1958, 1982, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein fe Must Be So; | Am Easily Assimilated Copyright © 1955, 1957, 1974, 1982, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein Glitter and Be Gay Copyright © 1957, 1982, 1990, 1994, bythe Estate of Leonard Bernstein ‘Auto-da-le (What a Day) Copyright © 1955, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein, Life Is Happiness Indeed: Candide's Lament Copyright © 1974, 1982, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein and Amberson Productions, Ine, Beautiful Music, Inc, and Revelation Corporation; “The Leonard Bernstein Music Publishing Company LLC, Publisher All other music and iyrics Copyright © 1955, 1957, 1958, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1994, by the Estate of Leonard Bernstein, ‘The Leonard Bernstein Musi Publishing Company LLC, Publisher. Boosey & Hawkes Inc, Sole Agent. ‘All Rights Reserved. International Copyright Secured, First publication for sale 1994, United States of America [Al hts of theatre, ado and television performance, mechanical reproduction a any form whatsoever Cclading fi) and translation ofthe Horeca ofthe complete oper, oF parts there, are sec reserved. Cover ArtiDesig: Design Ps, KoehieBrun Courtesy of Deutsche Grammophon, from the complete recording of CANDIDE, conducted by Leonard Bernstein (CDiCossete: 429 734-214; Laser dscVHS: 072 523-1/3) ‘Manufactured & marketed by PolyGram Classics & Jazz, a Division of PolyGram Record, Inc, New York NY LEONARD BERNSTIEN® isa regstered trademark of The Leonard Bernstein Music Publishing Company LLC. {© Tre paper use n this pubeation moss the mimimu requirements of American Nationa Standard {ot llomnaion Sceness-Pemanance f Paper for Pied Library Maral, ANS! Z30 48-1084,This score incorporates the composer's final intentions regarding Candide. The engraving of this score is based on Leonard Bernstein's conducting score for his 1989 Deutsche Grammophon recording of Candide, as well as the orchestra material used in that recording, and the manuscripts of Leonard Bernstein at the Library of Congress. Charles Harmon, With grateful acknowledgment for assistance in preparation of this score: Paul Sadowski, Anthony Cornicello of Music Publishing Services; Robert Wharton of Boosey & Hawkes, Inc.; Elizabeth Auman, Raymond White of the Library of Congress. Special thanks for the contributions of Justin Brown, and his inspiring perceptions in this work.Ite 1 A Lotgp Yer Tote, lana tosey 1 Trersnctherns | Ba wos Big tS 1 Te pre oe hla Te ara ft Po | Pte came hn Rornrjlngf-- Pihead, lode Feb os sia lelel Tomy Fel ataguint GY THe | 4% Fascimile of composer's manuscript to | Am Easily AssimilatedCharacters and Vocal Ranges Singing Roles Voltaire / Pangloss / Martin / Cacambo (Baritone or Tenor) Candide Cunegonde (Tenor) (Soprano) Maximilian The Old Lady ato) inezzeseprond Captain — Paquette Cae) ‘oes Vanderdendur Governor (enor) (Tenor) Cosmetic eS Inquisitor | / Judge = Merchane == eo Ingres =p Inquisitor I / Judge 5 —=—F SS Sultan Achmet —= Seftor | == Sefior i Se Chorus: SATB fram the Chorus: Cosmetic Merchant, Doctor, Bear-keeper, Alchemist, unkman, Ser I, Ser Il, Westphalion Peasants People of Lisbon, Penitents,Pigrms, Natives of Edorado, People of Surinam, Servants and Odalisques posible doubling: xiilan/ Captain Governor Vanderdendur/ Rags CCoumeie Merchant! Inguslor 1) Charles Edward (Doctor Ings Il! Croupier Bearkeeper / Inquisitor I Tear han ‘Aeherit/ Suan Achmet! Crook Jknkiman/ Hermann August [Non-sngng roles: First Oficer in the Bulgarian Army Free Warress Second Offeer Sacond Waitress James, an Anabapsse, Waiter Sallor ide to Governor Ubon Man ‘hve Dever Lisbon Woman Father Bernard First Informer First ese Second informer Fes Mump nan Grand Inquisitor Second Mump nan ‘Sean, former King of Poland Bulgarian Solder, Executioner, People of Buenos Aires, Saves, Two Girls, Monkeys, MumpIndan, Wise Man of dorado, VenetiansCONTENTS Page Preface by Richard Wilbur . - Facsimile of ltr from Richard Wibur to Leonard Bernstein Sey Scottish Opera credits and cast list : . ~ Bernstein recording cost ist a Concert performance running order ni Instrumentation anil 1 Overture ' Act I Scene I Westphalia: Schloss Thunder-ten-Tronck Ja. Westphalia Chorale (Chorus) : Sa ee o . 8B 2. Life Is Happiness Indeed (Underscore) Goo 6 55.6 4 2a, Life Is Happiness Indeed (Candide) toe Bao on so : 8 2b. Life Is Happiness Indeed (Underscore) - aoe 16 2c. Life Is Happiness indeed (Underscore) oe 7 2d, Life ls Absolute Perfection (Quartet: Maximilian, Cnegonde, Candide, Paquette) | : 7 3. The Best of All Possible Worlds (Quintet: Pangloss, Cunegonde, Paquete, Candide, Maximion) : 3a. Univeral Good (Quartet: Canegende, Paquet, Conde Maxton) : 40 36. Happy Instrumental oe : Soe a 4. Oh, Happy We (Duet: Candide and Cunegonde) ; rn) Scene 2 Westphalia: a desolate heath 5. Ie Must Be So (Candide's First Meditation: Candle) 48 Sa, Westphalian Fanfare : 49 56. Drumroll 49 Sc. Fanfare 49 Sd. Fanfare (Underscore) 9 Scene 3 ‘Westphalia: The Baronial Chapel at Schloss Thunder-ten-Tronck, and the battlefield Se. Westphalia Chorale (Chorus)... coe a) Sf Battle Scene (Instrumental). oe oe fo. St 6 Candide's Lament (Candide). Sol : ) Scene 4 Elsewhere in Westphalia 7. Dear Boy (Pangloss and Chorus) , : cone 58 Scene 5 Asship at sea Ta. Storm Music (Underscore) a : ; . a Scene 6 Lisbon: the central square 7b. Earthquake Music (Instrumental). a 8. Auto-da-fe (Candide, Pongos,Inquistors, Judges and Chorus) 3 22, Candide Continues His Travels / Ie Must Be Me (Candide's Second Meditation: Cand) 9 Scene 7 Paris: Cunegonde’s room 9, Paris Waltz Scene (Instrumental and Underscore) ; nn I 10. Gliteer and Be Gay (Aria: Cunegonde) 106 11. You Were Dead, You Know (Duet: Candide and ingot te FD Ila, Entrance of the Jew (Underscore) ; a 15 IIb. Entrance of the Archbishop (Underscore) =. ss : 125Scene 8 Cadiz: an inn Ie. Travel to the Stables (Instrumental Change of Scene). a 5 - + 6 ld. Universal Good (Underscore) 127 12. 1Am Easily Assimilated (The Old Lady, Cunegonde and Chorus) 5 rn) 13, Quartet Finale (Conde, Cunegonde, the Old Lady, Captain and Chorus) : lr Act 14 Eneace toe . ; a7 Scene! Buenos Aires: the Governor's palace {4a Assimilated Utly (Underseore) . . ; 151 |4b. Governor's Fanfare (Instrumental)... 5 3 a 6 153 15. My Love (Governor's Serenade: Governor and Cunegonde) ; 5 0 154 15a, Maximilan's Reprise (Moximiian ond Governor) ot Bo 138 1Sb. Governor's Exit Music (Instrumental). a 3 a 0 160 16 Quiet (Trio: The Old Lady, Cunegonde, Governor) ; 5 0 tel Scene 2 _In the South American jungle, near a Jesuit encampment 17, Alleluia (Ensemble and Underscore, for staged performance: Moximiian ond Chorus) Lo 168 Scene 3 Another part of the jungle 17a, Monkey Music (Underscore) 5 5 0 ; . oo. Scene4 Eldorado 18 Introduction to Eldorado (Underscore) 6. 5 oo -. 18 183, Ballad of Eldorado (Candide and Chorus)... po 5 +l 80 SceneS Surinam: the waterfront 19. Words, Words, Words (Martin's Laughing Song: Morin) : 186 20. Bon Voyage (Hornpipe: Vanderdendur and Chorus) ; 194 Scene _In the Atlantic 20a. Drowning Music (Underscore) 208 21, The Kings’ Barcarolle (Chorles Edword, Candide, Hermann Augustus, Panglos, Sulton Achmet, Tar Wan, Stanislaus) 209 Scene7 Venice: the Casino, then at a house 22. Money, Money, Money (Venice Gambling Scene: Croupir and Chorus). mm Scene8 Venice: near the Grand Canal 22a. Grand Canal Instrumental Change of Seene) foe . 24 Scene9 Venice: the Casino 23. We Are Women (Polka: Cunegonde and the Old Lady). ; ns 24. What's the Use (Ensemble: The Od Lady, Roget Maximilan, Crook and Chorus) 235 25, The Vai Gave (Quart: Te Oi Lady, Conde, areunde Forges 5 3 245 26. Nothing More Than This (Condide) a 6 259 Scene 10 A small farm near Venice 26a, Candide’s Lament (Return to Westphalia: Underscore) 263 260. Universal Good (Chorus) a 0 264 27. Make Our Garden Grow (Finale: Entire re cman) a 6 266 28 Bows. oo : 276Appendices 1 The Plime Pression Esemble, replaces 17, Alda concer parfoomance: Manon, Paquette, Candide and Chorus) 7 5 , 5 Original Broadway Production (1956) : Running Order ofthe Original Broadway Production ter Majer Podcons of Cn (fer 1956) ‘Chelsea Version (1973) 5 Running Order ofthe Chelsea Version. [New York City Opera House Version (1982). Running Order ofthe New York City Opero House Version 281 290 291 292 296 297 298Apropos Candide Working with Lenny on Candide, | sometimes felt a certain territorial anxiety. | couldn't read or write music, but he could read books, played a mean game of anagrams, and was exceedingly quick and clever with words. | feared that | couldn't afford a writer's block, lest this very literate composer grow impatient and write my lyrics for me. Once, over luncheon with him and Lillian Hellman, | paraded my literacy by quoting some little-known lines from Lewis Carroll's Syivie and Bruno; whereupon Lenny, to my distress, completed the quotation. But there was, on the whole, no need to be protective of my verbal domain; in our planning and making of numbers, Lenny did his best to rein in his versatility, and we had an agreeable division of labor. Where we most collaborated on language was in the making of dummy lyrics, and that was always great fun, In cases where existing music was to be furnished with words, we often devised nonsensical verses which, embodying the music's rhythms in words of a sort, might bring me a little closer to the pertinent verbalizing of Lenny's sound and movement. On one occasion, for example, it occurred to us that a tune which Lenny had composed for the birthday of his son Alexander might serve for a number about Candide’s departure from Buenos Aires in Act Il. The tune - Lenny called it a species of schottische - was tripping and animated in the extreme, and it was therefore especially necessary for me to grope toward some verbal equivalent by way of a provisional or “dummy” lyric. The reader may be amused to know that the lyric of “Bon Voyage,” in its dummy stage, began with these asinine lines: Oh, what a lovely villager! Oh, what a lovely, lovey villoger bird! People who question me about my work with Lenny are forever saying, “But you must have quarreled sometimes.” Of course we did, though neither of us had an aptitude for stormy wrangling. | recall a day when, having differed about some number or other, we were sitting, mute and unhappy, in his studio at Lambert's Cove. After some minutes of silence, | began, quite unconsciously, to whistle. “Do you know what you're whistling?” Lenny exclaimed. “It's Pace, Pace’ from Forza! Oh,” he went on, “how I envy that man's melodic inventiveness, and the way he could make something powerful out of the simplest jump-rope tune!” He moved to the piano and played Verdi's great aria, and before he was through we had quite forgotten ourselves, and our little differences, and were ready to get to work again. Lenny’s music for Candide seems to me perpetually fresh and exciting, and | am happy to have been part of an enterprise which prompted it. Richard Wilbur 1993We am, Near hen . — 1 sod you the Aria tn lo preamt condition, to thew yon that T hare heom wortiig, Try thin om your pianoforte . A. Glitter amd be ) Thali the a Pomeonar” My vir Facsimile of letter from Richard Wilbur to Leonard Bernstein including lyrics for Gitte and Be Goy, ‘additional notations by Leonard Bernstein,Scottish Opera Credits and Cast List The Scottish Opera (Richard Mantle, managing director) produced Candide in a version for an opera house on May 19, 1988, at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, Scotland, with the following credits and cast: ‘CANDIDE Music by Leonard Bernsteir Book adapted from Voltaire by Hugh Wheeler Lyrics by Richard Wilbur ‘Additional Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, John LaTouche, Lilian Hellman, Dorothy Parker and Leonard Bernstein ‘Orchesuations by Lonard Bernstein and Hershy Kay "Adational Orchestration by john Maucer ‘Adapted for Scottish Opera by John Wels and Jon Mauceri Conducted by John Mauceri! Directed by Jonathan Miller and John Wells Designer: Ricard Hudson Choreographer: Anthony an Last Lighing Oegrer David Camngha Asscant Decor: Daf Burnefnes ‘Assart Choreographer Soe Hywel Repetteus Mark Dorrell Conn Supervtor Sue Witington Costome Sprayer Gere Pasting Sage Managonene Pip one, Dana Childs Voltaire / Pangloss / Cacambo / Martin Governor / Captain / Gambler Candide Cunegonde Old Lady 5 4 3 Paquette Maximilian The Baron | First Officer / Grand Inquisitor / First Jesuit / Slave Driver / Ragotski Don sacar, The ew Father Bernard/ The Anabapst Second Oficer/ A Sage Baroness / Waitress oe : Lisbon Woman / Waitress Informer / Announcer / Aide Hunesman / Croupier Waiter Lisbon Man Suan Achmet. Prince Charles Edward Tsar Wan / Sallor ‘King Hermann Augustus King Stanislaus / Archbishop Scottish Opera Chorus Scottish Opera Orchestra | first § performances; thereafter Justin Brown 2 fist 5 performances; thereafter David Hillman 3 first 5 performances; thereafter Andrea Bolton Nickolas Grace Bonaventura Bottone? Mark Beudert ‘Marityn Hill Smith? ‘Ann Howard Gaynor Miles Mark Tinkler Leon Greene Howard Goorney Elaine Mackillop Carol Rowlands John Brackenridge Paul Anwy! Tom McVeigh David Morrison Declan McCusker Grant Richards Graeme Danby Jonathan Hawkins Scote Cooper Peter Stanger, director ‘Angus Anderson, leaderLeonard Bernstein Recording Candide was performed in concert on 12 and 13 December, 1989 at the Barbican, London, England, and recorded for Deutsche Grammophon (Alison Ames, executive producer; Hans Weber, recording producer) on 15, 16, 17 and 18 December, 1989, at the Abbey Road Studio Number One, London, and was released with the following credits and cast: CANDIDE Based on the book by Voltaire Music by Leonard Bernstein Lyrics by Richard Wilbur ‘Additional Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, John LaTouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman and Leonard Bernstein COrchestraons by Leonard Bernstein and Heshy Kay Msc continty and sdtonl orchestrations by Jobo Maucer London Symphony Chorus Mui Director: Ricard Hickox ‘Chorus Master: Seno oy London Symphony Orchestra ‘Asstant Conductor: ustn Brown Conducted by Leonard Bernstein Candide Cunegonde : Doctor Pangloss/ Marin Old Lady Governor / Vanderdendur / Rago Paquette Maximilian / Captain Bear-keeper / Inquisitor / Tsar Wan Cosmetic Merchant / Inquisitor / Prince Charles Edward Doctor / Inquisitor / King Stanislaus 5 Junkman J Inquisitor / King Hermann Augustus ‘Alchemist / Inquisitor / Sultan Achmet / Crook Mc 29 7344 60:29 7342 Video eattewe: 072 523-3, Laserdae 072 523-1 ‘Th ecorig wos awarded the Grammy for best lsc recording 1991, bythe Neon Academy of Recording Ars ond Scenes. Jerry Hadley June Anderson ‘Adolph Green Christa Ludwig Nicolai Gedda Della Jones Kure Ollmann, Clive Bayley Neil Jenkins Lindsay Benson Richard Suart John Treleavenzo BEpeenpr eye yE CONCERT PERFORMANCE RUNNING ORDER, 1993 EDITION (timings are from the Deutsche Grammophon recording; in addition, there are twenty minutes of narration forthe entire work) Act! (60 minutes and 45 seconds of musi) Overture : ‘Westphalia Chorale Life Is Happiness Indeed Life Is Absolute Perfection ‘The Best of All Possible Worlds Universal Good ‘Oh, Happy We IeMustBeSo Westphalia Chorale Bartle Music Candide’s Lament Dear Boy Auto-dafé : Candide Continues His Travels / It Must Be Me ‘The Paris Waltz Glieeer and Be Gay ‘You Were Dead, You Know 1 Am Easily Assimilaced Quartet Finale Act It (49 minutes and 40 seconds of music) My Love We Are Women 7 The Pilgrims’ Procession Quiet aa Introduction to Eldorado ‘The Ballad of Eldorado ‘Words, Words, Words Bon Voyage . The Kings’ Barcarolle Money, Money, Money ‘What's the Use The Venice Gavotte Nothing More Than This Universal Good : Make Our Garden GrowInstrumentation 2 Flutes (2nd doubling Piccolo) ‘Oboe (doubling English Horn) 2 Clarinets in Bb (Ist doubling Clarinet in E> and 2nd doubling Bass Clarinet in Bb) Bassoon 2. Horns in F 2 Trumpets in B> (Ist doubling Cornet in Bb) 2 Trombones Tuba Timpani Percussion (wo players)* Harp Serings sear Drem, enor Or, Bats Dram Sipeded Cyl, Crash Cyt, Hight, Xlophone Trang loko Tambourns, ‘ong Rachet Wp 2 Woods, Cowbel, Parc, Gourd Boge, Steel Drs, and Dron, Canes. Chimes ‘Act 1:81 minutes ‘Act Il: 67 minutes Performance materials are available from the Boosey & Hawkes rental library.