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List from: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action.

Methods of Nonviolent Protest and Persuasion

Formal statements Processions


1. Public speeches 38. Marches
2. Letters of opposition or support 39. Parades
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions 40. Religious processions
4. Signed public statements 41. Pilgrimages
5. Declarations of indictment and intention 42. Motorcades
6. Group or mass petitions
Honoring the Dead
Communications with a Wider Audience 43. Political mourning
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols 44. Mock funerals
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications 45. Demonstrative funerals
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books 46. Homage at burial places
10. Newspapers and journals
11. Records, radio, and television Public Assemblies
12. Skywriting and earthwriting 47. Assemblies of protest or support
48. Protest meetings
Group Representations 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
13. Deputations 50. Teach-ins
14. Mock awards
15. Group lobbying Withdrawal and Renunciation
16. Picketing 51. Walk-outs
17. Mock elections 52. Silence
53. Renouncing honors
Symbolic Public Acts 54. Turning one’s back
18. Display of flags and symbolic colors
19. Wearing of symbols
20. Prayer and worship The Methods of Social Noncooperation
21. Delivering symbolic objects
22. Protest disrobings Ostracism of Persons
23. Destruction of own property 55. Social boycott
24. Symbolic lights 56. Selective social boycott
25. Displays of portraits 57. Lysistratic nonaction
26. Paint as protest 58. Excommunication
27. New signs and names 59. Interdict
28. Symbolic sounds
29. Symbolic reclamations Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and
30. Rude gestures Institutions
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
Pressures on Individuals 61. Boycott of social affairs
31. “Haunting” officials 62. Student strike
32. Taunting officials 63. Social disobedience
33. Fraternization 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
34. Vigils
Withdrawal from the Social System
Drama and Music 65. Stay-at-home
35. Humorous skits and pranks 66. Total personal noncooperation
36. Performance of plays and music 67. Flight of workers
37. Singing 68. Sanctuary
69. Collective disappearance
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
List from: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action.

The Methods of Economic Noncooperation:

(1) Economic Boycotts (2) The Strike

Action by Consumers Symbolic Strikes


71. Consumers’ boycott 97. Protest strike
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
73. Policy of austerity
74. Rent withholding Agricultural Strikes
75. Refusal to rent 99. Peasant strike
76. National consumers’ boycott 100. Farm workers’ strike
77. International consumers’ boycott
Strikes by Special Groups
Action by Workers and Producers 101. Refusal of impressed labor
78. Workmen’s boycott 102. Prisoners’ strike
79. Producers’ boycott 103. Craft strike
104. Professional strike
Action by Middlemen
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott Ordinary Industrial Strikes
105. Establishment strike
Action by Owners and Management 106. Industry strike
81. Traders’ boycott 107. Sympathetic strike
82. Refusal to let or sell property
83. Lockout Restricted Strikes
84. Refusal of industrial assistance 108. Detailed strike
85. Merchants’ “general strike” 109. Bumper strike
110. Slowdown strike
Action by Holders of Financial Resources 111. Working-to-rule strike
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments 113. Strike by resignation
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest 114. Limited strike
89. Severance of funds and credit 115. Selective strike
90. Revenue refusal
91. Refusal of a government’s money Multi-Industry Strikes
116. Generalized strike
Action by Governments 117. General strike
92. Domestic embargo
93. Blacklisting of traders Combinations of Strikes and Economic Closures
94. International sellers’ embargo 118. Hartal
95. International buyers’ embargo 119. Economic shutdown
96. International trade embargo
List from: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action.

The Methods of Political Noncooperation

Rejection of Authority Psychological Intervention


120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance 158. Self-exposure to the elements
121. Refusal of public support 159. The fast
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance (a) Fast of moral pressure
(b) Hunger strike
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government (c) Satyagrahic fast
123. Boycott of legislative bodies 160. Reverse trial
124. Boycott of elections 161. Nonviolent harassment
125. Boycott of government employment & positions
126. Boycott of government departments, agencies Physical Intervention
and other bodies 162. Sit-in
127. Withdrawal from government educational 163. Stand-in
institutions 164. Ride-in
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations 165. Wade-in
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents 166. Mill-in
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks 167. Pray-in
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials 168. Nonviolent raids
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions 169. Nonviolent air raids
170. Nonviolent invasion
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience 171. Nonviolent interjection
133. Reluctant and slow compliance 172. Nonviolent obstruction
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision 173. Nonviolent occupation
135. Popular nonobedience
136. Disguised disobedience Social Intervention
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse 174. Establishing new social patterns
138. Sitdown 175. Overloading of facilities
139. Noncooperation with conscription and 176. Stall-in
deportation 177. Speak-in
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities 178. Guerrilla theater
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws 179. Alternative social institutions
180. Alternative communication system
Action by Government Personnel
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government Economic Intervention
aides 181. Reverse strike
143. Blocking of lines of command and information 182. Stay-in strike
144. Stalling and obstruction 183. Nonviolent land seizure
145. General administrative noncooperation 146. 184. Defiance of blockades
Judicial noncooperation 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective 186. Preclusive purchasing
noncooperation by enforcement agents 187. Seizure of assets
148. Mutiny 188. Dumping
189. Selective patronage
Domestic Governmental Action 190. Alternative markets
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays 191. Alternative transportation systems
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental 192. Alternative economic institutions
units
Political Intervention
International Governmental Action 193. Overloading of administrative systems
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representation 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events 195. Seeking imprisonment
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
154. Severance of diplomatic relations 197. Work-on without collaboration
155. Withdrawal from international organizations 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
157. Expulsion from international organizations

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