SOFTWARE

Software is untouchable or intangible part of the computer.

Software is a set of program that performs related task.
A set of instruction is called Program and a collection of Program is
called Software.
 SOFTWARE : TYPES
Types of Software
 Application Software
 Systems Software
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software
Programs that support the execution and development of other
programs. These are compulsory software for the computer system,
without which computer can not work.

E.g.- Operating system, compiler, interpreter etc.

 SYSTEM SOFTWARE : UTILITY SOFTWARE
Utility Software:
Small and useful programs which support all devices are called utility
software.
Some Examples are -
Device Driver
Disk defragmentation
Compression software
Antivirus etc.
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE : O.S.

Operating System: Operating system is a software which acts as an

interface between user and the computer hardware.
 OPERATING SYSTEM : EXAMPLES

Windows
Macintosh
Linux
UNIX
Android
 OPERATING SYSTEM : EXAMPLES

Windows : Its widely used O.S. Its associated with Microsoft corp.

Inbuilt browser : Internet explorer.

First version : windows1.0
Latest version: windows10
 OPERATING SYSTEM : EXAMPLES
Macintosh: Mac O.S. is associated with Apple corporation.
First version :1.0
Latest Version: Catalina (10.15)
Inbuilt browser: Safari
Different versions of MAC: (Cheetah, puma, Jaguar, panther, Tiger,
Leopard, Snow leopard, Lion, Mountain lion, Mavericks ,Yosemite ,El
Capitan, Mojave ,Big Sur )
 OPERATING SYSTEM : EXAMPLES
Linux:
 Linus Torvald has developed Linux O.S.
 It is not associated with any company .
 It is an open source software
 OPERATING SYSTEM : EXAMPLES

Android :It is associated with Google corporation.

First version: Android (1.0) [API 1]
Latest version: Android (10.0) [API 29]
Different versions of Android: Alpha(1.0),Cupcake, Donut, Eclair,
Froyo, Jellybean, Lollipop(5.0), Marshmallow (6.0), Nougat (7.0)
Oreo(8.0), Pie(9.0)
Tip to remember: Name of dessert
 OPERATING SYSTEM : TYPES
Network operating system is a type of multi-user operating system.
An operating system that is designed for a server.

Eg. Windows NT, Windows Server 2000 Windows Server 2003.

 OPERATING SYSTEM : TYPES

 Single-Tasking Operating System:

A single-tasking operating system can support only one task at a
time. In such single tasking environment, the task execution is
sequential. Eg. MS-DOS
 OPERATING SYSTEM : TYPES

 Multi-tasking operating system:

Multi-tasking means to run more than one program at once.
This is commonly done when copying a picture from the Internet
and pasting it into a document. In this case, the two programs
running are the browser and the word processor.
It is the operating system which manages this process.

Eg.- Windows XP, Windows Vista.

 APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Horizontal Software: Those software which are being used widely

i.e. from individual user to big organization is using the software like
MS-office, Adobe Photoshop, Tally etc.

Vertical Software- Software which are developed for particular

organization are known as vertical software. E.g. - Finacle, MIBS
etc.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE : Example

Application Suite: Collection of personal productivity software

such as word processor, spreadsheet, and database.
Eg. MS office
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE : Example

Word Processing:
Provides assistance in formulating, formatting, and printing
documents such as letters, memos and papers.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE : Example

Spreadsheet:
Provides a wide range of built-in functions for statistical,
financial, logical, database, graphics, and data and time
calculations.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE : Example

Graphics:
Graphics are used to represent anything in a better and easier
way. By visualization we can learn it better.
Eg. Adobe Photoshop
 OTHER SOFTWARE CATEGORIES

Open-source software: software freely available to anyone in a

form that can be easily modified
Examples: Linux , Android etc
 OTHER SOFTWARE CATEGORIES

FREEWARE- Freeware is software that is free to use. Unlike commercial

software, it does not require any payment or licensing fee.
Example: web browser etc.
 OTHER SOFTWARE CATEGORIES

SHAREWARE- Shareware is software that you can use on a trial basis

before paying for it.
Example : Antivirus etc.
 SOFTWARE LICENCING
EULA- An End User License Agreement (EULA) is a legal contract between a
software application author or publisher and the user of that application.
Programming Languages
 WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
A computer language is a set of symbols and rules used in
constructing programs called syntax.

Computer languages are used to develop application programs.

 WHAT IS ALGORITHM?

Step by step description that the program must perform to arrive at the solution.
 WHAT IS FLOWCHART?

A popular logic tool used for showing an algorithm in graphics form.

 CLASSIFICATION
1st Generation
(Machine Language)

Low Level
Language 2nd Generation
(Assembly Language)

Computer Language 3rd Generation

High Level
Language 4th Generation

5th Generation
 LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES

Machine dependant.
Close to the hardware
Should have hardware knowledge to write a program
Examples :
 Machine Language
 Assembly Language
 MACHINE LANGUAGE

1st Generation language ( 1GL )

Consists of 1s and 0s.

No translator is used.

Difficult to write and modify.

Machine dependant
 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

 2nd Generation languages( 2GL )

 Mnemonics are used to write codes

 Assembler converts program into machine language.

 Machine dependant
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES

Machine independent.

Easy to write and modify.

Does not need knowledge of hardware.

Productivity is high.

Consume less time to write programs

5GL allow user-friendly facilities

 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMS

Procedural: procedures, sequential execution of code are basic building

blocks of program

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslating; John Backus, IBM, 1950s)

ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language, 1958)
COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language, 1960)
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code,
John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth, 1964)
Pascal (Niklaus Wirth, 1970)
C (Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs, 1972)
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMS

Object-Oriented:
Program is designed around the objects required to solve the problem

Smalltalk (Alan Kay, Xerox PARC, 1971)

Ada (US Dept of Defense, 1975)
C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup, Bell Labs, 1983)
Java (James Gosling, Sun Microsystems, 1995)
C# (Microsoft, 2000)
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMS

Non-procedural languages
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
JSP
Java Server Page
ASP
Active Server Page
SQL
Structured Query Language
 TRANSLATORS

Translator is used to convert Source code into Object code.

These are of three types
Assembler
Interpreter
Compiler

Translator
Source Code Object Code
 ASSEMBLER

is a low-level language Translator.

 is a software program that converts assembly language into
machine language.
 converts mnemonics into machine code

Assembly Machine
language Assembler language
 INTERPRETER

is a translator that goes through the process of translation every time
the program is run.
is found running some versions of BASIC, where it translates one line
of the program at a time.

High level Machine

language Interpreter language
 COMPILER

is a translator of high level languages

converts a whole program into machine language at once
translates source code into Object Code. This Object code is used to
execute whenever it is run

High level Machine

language Compiler language
Windows Shortcut Keys
CTRL + HOME Goes to Starting page
CTRL + END Goes to ending page
SHIFT + DEL To delete
CTRL + C Copy
CTRL + v Paste
CTRL + x Cut
ALT + F File Menu Choice In The Current Program.
CTRL + A Selects all the matter in document
ALT + F4 Close Open application
CTRL + ESC Open Start menu
ALT + Print screen Screen Shot
ALT + TAB Switch Among The Open Applications
Windows Shortcut Keys
F1 HELP
F2 RENAME
F3 SEARCH

F5 REFRESH
SHIFT+F10 OPENS A SHORTCUT MENU FOR THE
SELECTED ITEM
F7 TO CHECK THE SPELLING AND GRAMMER
F10 TO ACTIVATE THE MENU BAR
F11 TO VIEW THE FULL SCREEN
F12 SAVE AS
ALT + ESC SWITCH THE APPLICATION ON THE TASK BAR