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GFDI Solution
GFDI Solution
GFDI Solution
Version:V1.2
DD\MM\YY:11\03\2017
CONTENTS
4. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 10
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
1. GFDI Definition
GFDI Role: When the DC side ground fault occurs in the PV system, GFDI can
rapidly detect the fault, and order the inverter to take the necessary protective
measures to avoid more serious secondary faults may caused by the DC ground
fault.
faults and prevents ground faults. UL1741 requires inverter should be equipped
with DC GFDI。
Isolate the faulty part or prevent the inverter from supplying power to the grid;
DC GFDI can be part of the inverter, and can also be provided at the time of
installation manual.
special GFDI device or by other means both are allowed. Our insulation resistance
grounded, to assess the safety of the system after grounding, thus to determine the
PV-
GND
floating state, the positive bus and the negative bus are not directly connected to
GND. Therefore, when the ground fault occurs, the grounding circuit needs to be
closed by the parasitic parameters of the PV array, so its ground current does not
soar rapidly. But in this case, the system's safety will be significantly reduced.
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
So the inverter should have the ability to detect DC ground fault, and must
In recent years the PID effect of PV modules has been paid more and more
attention. In order to suppress the PID effect, a system solution with DC negative
grounding is proposed. This solution can effectively avoid the occurrence of PID
effect, but at the same time will reduce the safety of PV array
PV-
GND
connects to ground, regardless of the cause of the fault, positive pole and negative
If the grounding object is a good conductor, then there will be larger fault current
flow through the system fault circuit, which will cause the system fire accident; if
such as ground fault is due to personnel electric shock, if it cut the fault circuit
should be interrupt in time, otherwise people will touch the high voltage and then
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
get an serious electric shock. Therefore, for the negative grounding system, GFDI
function is essential.
According to the analysis of Section 2.1, it can be seen that in the DC side
suspension system, a DC side bus ground fault may not cause the harmful result
immediately, but it will surely reduce the safety of the system. So the DC
suspension system need less rapidity. (Note: thus mainly to illustrate that the
PV+
insulation
resistance
detection
PV-
GND
Because in the DC suspension system, there is no real wire between PV+ or PV-
and ground, so the GFDI method by directly detecting the ground wire leakage
current is not feasible in this system. Fortunately, TBEA have found a indirect
method and completed the GFDI function in TBEA inverter. the detection solution
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
It can be seen from Figure 3, the inverter with internal insulation impedance
detection board will detect some voltage such as PV+ to GND voltage(named
In the system without DC ground fault, due to the symmetry of the parameters
When positive pole of system is grounded, the Upv+ voltage is 0. while when
Therefore, by detecting the bus to ground voltage the inverter can sense bus
ground fault in real time. When the insulation impedance detected by the inverter
is low enough, it means a ground fault occurs, then inverter will shut down and
trip DCS.
TBEA completes the GFDI function by directly monitoring the grounding line
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
PV-
GFDI
GND
branch, the device monitors the grounded branch current of the system in real time.
Once a ground fault occurs, the GFDI equipment will rapidly detect this fault,
PV-
to MCU to DCS
Resistor
Grounding switch
Fuse
GFDI
Leakage current
detection Hall
GND
switch, fuse, leakage current detection Hall in the ground branch. When the
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
ground current is above limit, the grounding branch fuse will directly be broken,
GFDI equipment will rapidly detect this change and immediately trip the ground
switch, send a shutdown command to the main MCU, also send a trip command
to the DCS. When the leakage current is not enough to make fuse broken, the
GFDI also can detect branch current by leakage current detection Hall, and keep
real-time communication with the main MCU about the branch current value,
when the current is larger than the threshold, GFDI will immediately trip the
ground switch, send a shutdown command to the main MCU, also send a trip
According to UL1741 standard description about the GFDI function, our current
insulation impedance detection function can also complete the GFDI function as
the positive to ground voltage, when the positive ground occurs, the insulation
impedance module will detect the changes of the positive to ground voltage. the
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
PV+
insulation
resistance
detection
PV-
GND
Figure 6 Negative grounding system insulation impedance detection completed GFDI function
PV1-
PV8- C1
AC Capacitor
T1
SPD
A
B
MCCB C
DQ9
PV1+ IGBT module
MCCB
DQ16
PV8+ U6
U4 EMC
L2 Magnetic KM2 filter QF2
Reactor ring Contactor MCCB
T3
AC SPD
PV1-
PV8-
C2
AC Capacitor
T2
SPD
When two 500kW negative grounded models are required to operate in parallel
the double-winding transformer does not have the ability to isolate the loop
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TECHNICAL GUIDE
current. So in order to prevent the system loop current from flowing through the
ground branch, the negative pole of the two inverter will be connected before
grounding, thus the two inverters using only one grounding device. In this way,
the system loop current will not flow through the ground branch, and will not lead
4. Conclusion
First of all, this paper describes the function of GFDI based on UL1741. Then,
Finally, TBEA has given GFDI solutions for different PV system, and explained
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