Difference Between Artificial Intelligence and Human

Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence delve into
cognitive functions such as memory, problem-solving, learning,
planning, language, reasoning, and perception. Both of these have
been playing monumental parts in improving societies.

Regarding their differences, AI is an innovation created by human

intelligence and it is designed to do specific tasks much faster with
less effort.

On the other hand, human intelligence is better at multi-tasking

and it can incorporate emotional elements, human interaction, as
well as self-awareness in the cognitive process. The following
discussions further explore such distinctions.

What is Artificial
Intelligence?
AI is also sometimes referred to as machine intelligence which
was founded as an academic discipline in 1956 which is also the
same year when the term “artificial intelligence” was coined by
John McCarthy. A conglomeration of sciences such as philosophy,
neuroscience, psychology, computer science, and economics is
 vital in AI research regarding mimicking how humans process
information.

Hintze (2016) presents the following four types of AI:

 Type I – Reactive Machines

This is the most basic type of AI since it is purely reactive and it

does not consider past experiences.

 Type II- Limited Memory

Unlike the reactive machines, type II incorporates past

experiences in its function.

 Type III-Theory of Mind

This type is said to be the “machines of the future” wherein they

can understand human emotions and predict how others would
think.

 Type IV- Self-Awareness

As an extension of the theory of mind, AI researchers seek to

develop machines which can also form representations of
themselves.

 
 What is Human Intelligence?
Human intelligence is characterized by highly complex cognitive
processes such as concept-formation, understanding, decision-
making, communication, and problem-solving. It is also markedly
influenced by subjective factors such as motivation. Human
intelligence is commonly measured through IQ tests which
typically covers working memory, verbal comprehension,
processing speed, and perceptual reasoning.

As intelligence has been defined and viewed in various ways, there

have been pertinent theories. Here are some of them:
 Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Robert Sternberg)

Intelligence is composed of analysis, creativity, and practicality.

 Theory of Multiple Intelligence (Howard Gardner)
Each individual usually has a combination of intelligence such
as verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical,
visual-spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Gardner suggested existential intelligence as also viable.
 PASS Theory (A.R. Luria)

The four processes of intelligence are planning, attention,

simultaneous, and successive.

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Summary of AI Vs. Human

Intelligence
 Artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence delve into
cognitive functions such as memory, problem-solving, learning,
planning, language, reasoning, and perception.
 AI is also sometimes referred to as machine intelligence. It
was founded as an academic discipline in 1956 which is also the
same year when the term “artificial intelligence” was coined by
John McCarthy.
 The four types of AI are reactive machines, limited memory,
theory of mind, and self-awareness.
 Human intelligence is commonly measured through IQ tests
which typically covers working memory, verbal comprehension,
processing speed, and perceptual reasoning.
 Some of the theories on human intelligence are multiple
intelligence, triarchic, and PASS.
 As compared to human intelligence, AI can process
information faster using less energy.
 AI is more objective and accurate than human intelligence.
 Human intelligence is better at multitasking, adapting, social
interaction and self-awareness than AI.
 The general function of AI is optimization while that of
human intelligence is innovation.
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Difference between Artificial

Intelligence and Human
Intelligence
1. Origin of AI and Human Intelligence

AI is an innovation created by human intelligence; its early

development is credited to Norbert Weiner who theorized on
feedback mechanisms while the father of AI is John McCarthy for
coining the term and organizing the first conference on research
projects regarding machine intelligence. On the other hand,
human beings are created with the innate ability to think, reason,
recall, etc.

2. Speed of AI and Human Intelligence

As compared to humans, computers can process more

information at a faster rate. For instance, if the human mind can
solve a math problem in 5 minutes, AI can solve 10 problems in a
minute.
3. Decision Making

AI is highly objective in decision making as it analyzes based on

purely gathered data. However, humans’ decisions may be
influenced by subjective elements which are not based on figures
alone.

4. Accuracy

AI often produces accurate results as it functions based on a set of

programmed rules. As for human intelligence, there is usually a
room for “human error” as certain details may be missed at one
point or the other.

5. Energy Used

The human brain uses about 25 watts while modern computers

only generally use 2 watts.

6. Adaptation  of AI and Human Intelligence

Human intelligence can be flexible in response to the changes to

its environment. This makes people able to learn and master
various skills. On the other hand, AI takes much more time to
adapt to new changes.

7. Multitasking
 The human intellect supports multitasking as evidenced by
diverse and simultaneous roles while AI can only perform fewer
tasks at the same time as a system can only learn responsibilities
one at a time.

8. Self-Awareness

AI is still working on its ability regarding self-awareness while

humans become naturally aware of themselves and strive to
establish their identities as they mature.

9. Social Interaction

As social beings, humans are much better at social interaction

since they can process abstract information, have self-awareness,
and are sensitive to others’ emotions. On the other hand, AI has
not mastered the ability to pick up on pertinent social and
emotional cues.

10. General Function

The general function of human intelligence is innovation as it can

create, collaborate, brainstorm, and implement. As for AI, its
general function is more on optimization as it efficiently performs
tasks according to how it is programmed.

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