ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Assignment questions

1. Write the structures of :- (1 M each)

a) 3-methyl butanal

b) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-pentanal

c) butanone

d) 3-methyl-2-butanone

e) salicylaldehyde

f) benzophenone

g) acetophenone

2. How are aldehydes prepared by the Rosenmund reduction? (2M)

3. Explain the synthesis of benzaldehyde by Gatterman- Koch reaction. (3M)

4. How is acetone synthesised from acetonitrile? (3M)

OR

Give one method of preparation of acetone.

OR

How are ketones prepared from nitriles?

5. How are ketones prepared from carboxylic acids? (3M)

6. How are acid chlorides converted to ketones? (3M)

7. Explain with an example the mechanism of aldol condensation. (4M)

8. Explain the mechanism for the synthesis of crotonaldehyde by aldol condensation.

(4M)

OR

Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation reaction of acetaldehyde.

9. Explain the mechanism for the synthesis of mesityl oxide by aldol condensation.(4M)

OR
Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation reaction of acetone.

10. Explain with an example the mechanism of cross aldol condensation. (4M)

11. Explain with an example the mechanism of Perkin condensation. (4M)

OR

Explain the mechanism for the preparation of cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde. (4M)

(Explain using Perkin’s condensation or Knoevenagel reaction)

12. Explain with an example the mechanism of Knoevenagel reaction. (4M)

13. Explain with an example the mechanism of benzoin condensation. (4M)

14. Explain with an example the mechanism of acetal formation. (4M)

15. Write the general mechanism for the condensation reaction of aldehydes with the
derivatives of ammonia. (3M)

16. Write the general mechanism for the condensation reaction of ketones with the
derivatives of ammonia. (3M)

17. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetaldehyde (any aldehyde) with
hydrazine. (3M)

18. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetone (any ketone) with hydrazine. (3M)

19. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetaldehyde (any aldehyde) with
hydroxylamine. (3M)

20. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetone (any ketone) with hydroxylamine.
(3M)

21. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetaldehyde (any aldehyde) with
semicarbazide. (3M)

22. Explain the mechanism of the reaction of acetone (any ketone) with semicarbazide.
(3M)

23. Write a note on the reduction reactions of carbonyl compounds with LiAlH4 . (2M)

24. Write a note on the reduction reactions of carbonyl compounds with NaBH4 . (2M)

25. Compare the reducing capacities of LiAlH4 and NaBH4 . (4M)

26. Explain Mannich reaction. (3M)

27. Explain the mechanism of Clemmenson’s reduction (4M)

28. Explain the mechanism of Wolff Kishner reduction. (4M)