Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the Included Studies

Authors Study Type Country No. of Treatment Age, Median Risk of Bias Study Quality
Location participants, n duration, (IQR, y) or Level
(%) (weeks) Mean ± SD
Guaraldi et al. Retrospective Modena, Italy 544 COVID-19 Severe, 544 67 (56-77) 8 (High 2
2020 (10) Cohort patients (100%) Quality)
Campochiaro et Retrospective Milan, Italy 65 COVID-19 Severe, 65 Treatment= 64 7 (High 2
al. 2020 (11) Cohort patients (100%) (53-75), Quality)
Control= 60
(55-75.5)
NR: not reported in detail

Table 2. Patients Group and Clinical Outcomes in the Included Studies

Authors Treatment (no. of Control (no. of Pain Functional Status Adverse events, n (%)
patients) patients)
Treatment Control

Guaraldi Tocilizumab 8 Standard 178.6 (67.6-402) NR NR

et al. 2020 mg/kg i.v. treatment
repeated after 12 (hydroxychloroquine/
(10) azithromycin/antiretro
h virals/low molecular
(n = 88), 324 mg weight heparin),
s.c. once (n = 91) (n=365)
+ standard
treatment
 Treat Contr
Discharge
 Campochiaro : 20 16
 Klopfenstein : 11 11
 Somers : 44 30
 Quartuccio : 10 69
 Kewan : 11 13
 Klopfenstein : 16 82
 Eimer : 17 14
 Patel : 23 10
 Gokhale : 26 30
 Biran : 135 281
 Garcia : 65 71
 Della-Torre : 17 17
Mortality
 Guaraldi : 13 73
 Campochiaro :5 11
 Klopfenstein :5 12
 Somers : 14 27
 Quartuccio :4 0
 Rojas-Marte : 43 55
 Kewan :3 2
 Klopfenstein :8 66
 De Rossi :7 34
 Eimer :5 19
 Canziani : 17 24
 Patel : 11 11
 Gokhale : 33 61
 Biran : 102 256
  Garcia :8 17
 Della-Torre :2 5
MV
 Guaraldi : 33 57
 Campochiaro :4 2
 Klopfenstein :0 8
 Quartuccio : 26 0
 Klopfenstein :0 39
 De Rossi : 13 6
 Eimer : 24 53
 Canziani :9 29
 Patel :2 0
 Gokhale :2 8
 Garcia :0 13
 Della-Torre :6 7
ICU admission
 Klopfenstein :0 11
 Quartuccio : 26 0
 Garcia :8 26

Hospitalization

 Klopfenstein : 13 [4–32] ± 7 17 [5–41] ± 12

 Somers : 20.4 (13.8, 35.8) 22.9 (16.3, 28.5)

 Rojas Marte : 14.5 ± 8.8 16.5 ± 10.8

 Kewan : 11 (6 -22.25) 7(5-13.5)

 Klopfenstein : 17 [4-42]10.1 15.2 [3-55]12

 Eimer : 20.5 [16.5, 30.0] 30.0 [21.5, 30.0]

 Gokhale : 14 (9-25.5) 6(3-14)

 Della-Torre : 12 (8–20) 13 (10–20)