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Evolution of Air Interface towards 5G

Assignment 3 (Corresponding to Lecture 11-15)

Question 1:

Among the following options, which one is not the main features of 3rd genera-
tion (3G) of mobile telecommunication.

a. Use of Fast transmit power control

b. Use of HARQ
c. Use of Turbo code
d. Use of Hard handoff

Correct Answer : correct option: (d)

Detailed Solution:
In 3G, soft handoff is proposed to combat the mobility of users. All the other options
are integral part of 3G standard.

Question 2:

If a symbol is generated by collecting 8 bits (i.e. k = 8). How many different

waveforms will be generated

a. 8
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b. 16
c. 128
d. 256

Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
See Lec. 11. There are 2k (in this case 256) different possible waveforms.

Question 3:

Two complex valued functions x(t) and y(t) are orthogonal to each other if (where
x̄(t) represents complex conjugate of signal x(t))
R
a. x(t) · y(t) dt = 0
R
b. x(t) · x̄(t) dt = 0
R
c. y(t) · ȳ(t) dt = 0
R
d. x(t) · ȳ(t) dt = 0

Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
Option d is the condition for orthogonality for two given signals. See Lec. 12 for
detailed discussion about orthogonality of two signals.
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Question 4:

A phase modulated signal can be given as, x(t) = <{Sm (t) expjθm expj2πfc t }. If
M = 64, which of the following θm is (are) not possible?
π
a.
8
5π
b.
2
3π
c.
8
π
d.
2
Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
2π
See Lec. 11. Possible values of θm = (m − 1), where m = 1, 2, . . . , M − 1.
M

Question 5:

Consider a system having a symbol duration, T = 25 µsec. For QAM modulated

OFDM system, what is the minimum separation of frequency required so that adjacent
sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other

a. 20 KHz
b. 25 KHz
c. 40 KHz
d. 80 KHz

Correct Answer : c
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Detailed Solution:
1
For QAM modulated OFDM system, the minimum seperation of frequency= Hz.
T
See Lec. 12.

Question 6:

Which of the following modulation schemes would have the highest peak to average
power ratio (PAPR)

a. 16 QAM
b. 4 QAM
c. 16 PSK
d. 64-PSK

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
See lec 11. PSK modulation maintains constant modulus. So, PAPR for PSK scheme
does not change with modulation order. In the contrast, PAPR for QAM modulation
increases with modulation order.

Question 7:

CPFSK is a special case of

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a. QAM
b. CPM
c. PAM
d. PSK

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
Refer to Lec. 13

Question 8:

One of the main advantages of offset QPSK over standard QPSK is

a. It restricts the maximum phase change to π/2

b. Reduces the width of side lobes
c. both a and b
d. None of the above

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
As per the video lecture 13, in QPSK, two bits are modulated at a single instant
of time. Hence, four symbols are transmitted by selecting one of the four carriers,
separated from each other by the phase difference of 90◦ . The simultaneous change
of two bits results in the phase shift of 180◦ . However, in OQPSK, the I and Q bits
are offset by the one-bit period. This prevents the simultaneous change of both bits,
which limits the maximum phase change to 90◦ so that the zero crossing is avoided.
This less amount of phase shift per symbol duration reduces the width of the spectral
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side lobe also. Hence, the correct answer is (c).

Question 9:

Consider a OFDM system with 64 QAM modulation. Symbol duration, T = 25 µsec

and total system bandwidth is 10.24 MHz. What is the data rate?

a. 7.68 Mbps
b. 15.36 Mbps
c. 30.72 Mbps
d. 61.44 Mbps

Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
1
∆f = = 40 KHz;
T
10.24 × 106
Number of subcarriers , Nsc = = 256;
40 × 103
Nsc × kQAM
Data rate= = 256 × log2 (64) × 40 × 103 = 61.44 Mbps.
T

Question 10:

Pulse shape used in GSM is

a. LRC
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b. LREC
c. Gaussian with BT=0.3
d. Gaussian with BT=0.5

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
See Lec. 13

Question 11:

Consider a telecommunication system transmitting 16-QAM modulated signal with

1
code rate = . How many information bits are being sent in each signaling unit?
2
a. 2 bits
b. 3 bits
c. 4 bits
d. Sufficient information not given

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
16-QAM modulation is used, thus each symbol contains log2 (16) = 4 information bits.
1 1
As the code rate is , number of information bits per signaling unit = 4 × = 2.
2 2
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Question 12:

Which of the following statements are true regarding the spectra of OQPSK and
MSK?

a. Main lobe width of MSK is same as OQPSK and side lobe of OQPSK fall off
faster.
b. Main lobe width of MSK is less than OQPSK and side lobe of MSK fall off
faster.
c. Main lobe width of MSK is larger than OQPSK and side lobe of MSK fall off
faster.
d. Main lobe width of MSK is larger than OQPSK and side lobes of both fall off
at the same rate.

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
In lecture 14, it has been discussed that main lobe width of MSK is larger than
OQPSK and side lobe of MSK fall off faster. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Question 13:

Minimum shift keying (MSK), is a special form of and having the

modulating index of .

a. Amplitude Shift Keying, 0.25

b. Binary continuous-phase frequency-shift keying, 0.5
c. Pulse Code Modulation, 1.0
d. None of the above
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Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
See Lec. 13.

Question 14:

Which of the following options are correct in the context of soft handover used
in 3G standard

a. User equipmet can simultaneously connect with more than one neighboring
base stations.
b. Handover failure probability are significantly higher than in case of hard han-
dover.
c. In order to translate to next base station, the UE needs to only switch the code,
rather than the allocated channel.
d. All of the above

Correct Answer : (a) and (c)

Detailed Solution:
The failure probability is significantly less in soft handover than hard handover,
making it suitable for use in 3G standard. For further discussion, refer to around
16:00 min in Lec. 15.

Question 15:
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The use of spreading code is only restricted to 3rd generation (3G) of mobile telecom-
munication because

a. It can only be operated in perfectly synchronized scenario.

b. Flexibility can not be achiebved for allowing different data rates
c. Complexity of implementing spreading increases with increase in system band-
width
d. None of the above

Correct Answer : correct option: (c)

Detailed Solution:
Refer to around 14:00 min. in lecture 15 for detailed discussion.