Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A.
Assessee
Any person assessable under the IT act for assessment of
o his income or
o income of any other person for whom he is assessable
(representative assessee)
Assessee in default (Assessee-in-default is a person who has
failed to fulfil his statutory obligations as per the income tax
act such as not paid taxes to the government or not file his
income tax return.)
B.
Person
(i) An individual
(ii) A Hindu Undivided Family (HUF)
(iii) A Company
(iv) A Firm or Limited Liability Partnership
(v) An Association of persons (AOP) or Body of
Individuals (BOI)
- Association is Persons (AOP) means a
group of people who comes together to
achieve a common objective with same
mind sets. Members in the AOP can be
natural (Human beings) or artificial
(Artificial Persons-e.g. company, LLP,
etc.)
- Body of Individuals (BOI) means a group
of INDIVIDUALS (Human Beings) who
come together to achieve a common
objective.
(vi) A local Authority
(vii) Every Artificial Judicial Person not falling
under any of the above
C.
Assessment year
- 12 months commencing on the 1st April every year
D.
Previous year
- the financial year (1st April - 31st March next year)
immediately preceding the assessment year
E.
Charging of Tax
- Income of previous year chargeable to tax during
assessment year
- Income tax rates fixed by Finance Act
- For computing Total Income, provisions of the Act as
applicable on 1st April of the relevant Assessment
Year will be applied (for procedural matters,
provisions of the Act will be applicable from the date
of amendment)
F. Gross Total Income (GTI) and Total
Income
Total Income = GTI less deductions u/s 80C to 80U
I. Incomes
1. Capital gains from capital /fixed assets e.g from sale of house
property (after knocking-off effects of inflation), profit from sale
of fixed assets, profit on sale of investments due to higher
returns from increased value (may be shares, bonds etc).
2. If the assets are of the nature of stock-in-trade, which are traded
in the course of business, increase in value of such stocks at the
time of sale, are profits – not capital gains. E.g profits from flats
sold by a promoter (who treats such flats as stock-in-trade,
which the promoter sells in the course of promoting business)
are revenue profits, not capital gains; on the other hand if you
as an individual sell a flat (which is capital asset for you), profit
from such sale (after knocking-off effects of inflation) are capital
gains
3. Insurance receipts for replacement value of an asset on
destruction – capital receipt – wouldn’t have been otherwise
taxable but section 45(1A) specifically taxes it. --- - Insurance
receipts against a policy covering stock-in-trade or trading asset
is revenue.
4. Profit from sale of Shares – depends on whether shares are
held for investment purposes or as stock-in-trade of a share
trading business.
Sources of Income
Revenue Capital
Receipt from sale of trading asset Receipt from sale of capital asset
Receipt from substitution of Receipt from substitution of
sources Income
Received towards circulating Received towards fixed capital
capital
Compensation for loss of future Compensation for surrender of
profit rights
Test Question
Hint.
b. Types of income
I. Cash or kind
II. Illegal income
III. Accrued or received
Methods of accounting
IV. Reimbursement
V. Diversion of income vs. Application of income
K. Heads of Income
Income from Salaries - accrual basis or receipt
basis, whichever is earlier - so worst of both worlds
Income from House Property -accrual basis
Profits and Gains of Business or Profession - accrual
or cash basis
Capital Gains - taxable in the year in which capital
asset is transferred (accrual)
Income from Other Sources - accrual or cash basis
Test Question
Dr. M. K. Khatri furnishes the following estimates of his income for the
financial year 2019-20: He is a professional doctor aged 27 years, works as a
resident physician of a private Nursing Home in Kolkata for a consolidated
salary and his employers allow private practice and other occupations.
Rs.
(1) Income from private practice as a doctor 5,30,000
(2) Share of profits from a registered partnership firm
which runs a diagnostic centre in Dhanbad in which
he is a partner 3,20,000
(3) Consolidated salary from private nursing home in Kolkata 4,00,000
(4) Share of income from HUF in which he is the Karta 40,000
(5) Interest estimated to be earned on Govt. securities (net
of TDS of Rs. 2000) 18,000
1. Show a statement of his estimated total income under specific heads of
income for the assessment year 2020-21.
530000 (business/ profession + 400000 (salaries) + (18000+2000) income
from other sources
HUF, partnership income exempt
TDS of 2000 to be deducted from total tax payable
1. True or False?
Test Question